EP0152317B1 - Heizkessel für Holz mit einer Vorheizkammer für den Brennstoff - Google Patents

Heizkessel für Holz mit einer Vorheizkammer für den Brennstoff Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0152317B1
EP0152317B1 EP85400093A EP85400093A EP0152317B1 EP 0152317 B1 EP0152317 B1 EP 0152317B1 EP 85400093 A EP85400093 A EP 85400093A EP 85400093 A EP85400093 A EP 85400093A EP 0152317 B1 EP0152317 B1 EP 0152317B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hearth
chamber
grate
outlets
reserve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85400093A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0152317A1 (de
Inventor
René Tabel
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT85400093T priority Critical patent/ATE36908T1/de
Publication of EP0152317A1 publication Critical patent/EP0152317A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0152317B1 publication Critical patent/EP0152317B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
    • F23B7/002—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements
    • F23B7/005—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements with downdraught through fuel bed and grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F23B1/36—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber shaft-type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F23G7/105—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses of wood waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
    • F24B5/023—Supply of primary air for combustion

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of heating techniques and it relates more specifically to a combustion device of the closed hearth type comprising a reserve of fuel, such as wood, situated above a grate, said device being intended for provide hot water.
  • An object of the present invention is to burn the wood completely by generating a flame and the guiding idea of the Applicant was to obtain a concentration of heat so as to heat the combustion air on the one hand in order to dry and carbonize the wood on the other hand.
  • Another object of the invention is to avoid the drawbacks due to the great variations in humidity of the wood intended to be burned in the aforementioned manner while obtaining an improvement in the thermal efficiency of combustion and the guiding idea of the Applicant has been to obtain an area at high temperature and to take the energy necessary for drying the wood is to find in the "reserve" the means of condensing the water and the tars so that the latter decompose chemically on contact with the high temperature area to produce a gas.
  • Another object of the invention lies in the regular and controlled production of hot water by avoiding the problems of drawing chimneys linked to atmospheric and geographical conditions in order to obtain an "all” or “slowed down” operation, the latter possibly being continue for several days.
  • the main idea of the present invention starting from the known principle of reverse draft fireplaces, consists in separating, by air flows of appropriate location, the firebox into a fuel and condensation water reserve zone. and tars, and in a pyrolysis zone.
  • a combustion device of the closed hearth type comprising a fuel reserve situated above a grate, comprises, according to a first general characteristic of organization of its means, an annular chamber for preheating the air of combustion, the volume of said chamber being delimited by a nozzle, or truncated cone, disposed above the grate, by a hearth surrounding the grate and by a so-called bottom wall, said preheating chamber being provided with an inlet of ambient air and of a triple plurality of hot air outlets, a first plurality of outlets being constituted by passages through the hearth, also called injector or injection nozzle, a second plurality of outlets being constituted by conduits opening at the periphery of the hearth at a certain height above it and, optionally, a third plurality of outlets being located in the vicinity of the downstream or lower end of the nozzle, the latter plurality of outlets can be constituted by a circumferential lumen.
  • the grid is limited in surface to a fraction of the surface of the sole constituting the bottom wall of the reserve, the sole comprising at least one of said preheated air passages. of said first plurality. It follows from this arrangement that carbonization or pyrolysis of the fuel takes place in an area of a certain height, this height being favorable for possible drying of the wood and for the gasification of the tars, from which ultimately combustion results. regular of any quality or species of wood.
  • the air passages of the first plurality are constituted by a plurality of nozzles substantially evenly distributed on the surface of the hearth, from which it follows that the carbonization of the fuel in the pyrolysis zone is transversely homogeneous .
  • the sole consists of a plate of refractory ceramic material supported by a steel sheet, and said nozzles are elements distinct from the sole in holes in which they are fitted. It follows from this arrangement that the nozzles can be brought to a sufficiently high temperature to prevent them from being blocked by tars during idling operation.
  • these nozzles have a frustoconical interior shape open downwards, so as to prevent the ashes from being able to be retained inside.
  • the combustion air supply ducts from the preheating chamber to the pyrolysis zone are distributed equally along the wall around the hearth and they open out to- below a peripheral inner rim inclined towards the center, this rim being called gutter and having the effect on the one hand of channeling towards the center of the hearth, the condensates formed along the wall above it, and of reducing towards the center of the zone the preheated air leaving the conduits .
  • the first result of this arrangement is that the gases formed in said pyrolysis zone above the hearth can be simultaneously ignited by the supply of incoming air and their flames directed downwards; secondly, it follows that the combustion thus effected results from a passage of the gases initially from bottom to top at the outlet of the nozzles, then from top to bottom from the outlet of the conduits; it results thirdly that above the pyrolysis zone, the fuel in reserve is sheltered from oxidizing gases, which prevents it from igniting; it results from it fourthly that the reserve can be as high as is wished without risk of ignition of the fuel which it contains.
  • the lower end of the nozzle is shaped as a venturi by means of a toroidal part, preferably made of refractory material, resting on the bottom wall separating the preheating chamber from a combustion chamber situated at- below the nozzle; the end of the frustoconical part is separated from the torus by a small circumferential space connecting the preheating chamber and the interior of the nozzle to allow the passage of secondary combustion air.
  • the hearth is entirely surrounded, with the exception of a part for introducing the fuel, with a water jacket, and a smoke duct surmounting at the rear said combustion chamber is itself - even jacketed with water; internal fins improve its exchanger performance.
  • the valve for entering ambient air into the preheating chamber is held in the closed position by a small magnet, thanks to which this valve can only be opened by the vacuum created by a fan placed in the conducts smoke.
  • the bars of the grate are removable and are perpendicular to the direction of introduction of the logs.
  • a boiler of the invention has a generally parallelepiped shape on a facade from which we notice from top to bottom a loading door 25, a screen door 8 and an ashtray door 3.
  • a water inlet 19 and an outlet of hot water 24 place the boiler in a heating circuit; a flue 23 allows the evacuation of the burnt gases to the outside.
  • the boiler of the invention comprises an annular chamber 15 for preheating the combustion air; the volume of this chamber is defined by a cone-shaped nozzle 11 disposed below the grid 12, by a hearth 17 surrounding the grid and by a bottom wall 6; the preheating chamber is provided with an ambient air inlet 30 and with a triple plurality of hot air, namely a first plurality constituted by passages 10 also called injectors or injection nozzles, through the floor, a second plurality constituted by conduits 13 opening at the periphery of the hearth at a certain height above the latter and a third plurality of outlets constituted, in fact, by a circumferential lumen 31 comprised between the end of the nozzle and a toroidal part 5, called torus, supported by the bottom wall.
  • a circumferential lumen 31 comprised between the end of the nozzle and a toroidal part 5, called torus
  • the injectors 10 are substantially evenly distributed on the floor of the reserve and that the grid 12 occupies only a central fraction of the surface of the floor.
  • This sole of the reserve consists of a plate of refractory ceramic material supported by a steel sheet.
  • air ducts 13 disposed towards the middle of the sides of the hearth open out at a certain height above the latter and, more precisely below an inner peripheral rim 14 forming a gutter for canali- servers the center of the sole the condensates formed on the walls of the reserve 16; the upper end of the conduits 13 or of the rim 14 situates the delimitation between a pyrolysis zone situated between the hearth 17 and the rim 13 and a fuel reserve zone situated above the rim 13.
  • the outlet 33 of an exchanger 18 preceding the flue 23, is located at a level lower than that of the top of the reserve 16; this arrangement contributes to the regularity of idling.
  • a fan 21 is arranged at the outlet of the exchanger, from the flue pipe 22.
  • the exchanger 18 comprises a plurality of fins 20 spaced apart on one side and on the other of the exchanger.
  • the fuel reserve, the pyrolysis zone and the exchanger are surrounded by a water jacket 26 itself coated on the outside with an insulation 27 , while the part of the boiler located below the bottom wall 6 of the preheating chamber, part called the combustion chamber 2, has a refractory lining 1.
  • a bar 35 of the grid 12 has a section partly rectangular and partly semi-cylindrical and it has at each of its ends an extension 36 allowing it to be positioned above the nozzle 11; the latter, as can be deduced from the comparative examination of figures, has a shape substantially in miter of chimney.
  • a nozzle or injector 10 of the preceding figures has a frustoconical inner wall 37 open downwards; a flange 38 retains such a nozzle in a hole in the bottom 17.
  • the torus 5 of FIG. 2 defines a central circular recess of substantially the same diameter as that of the end of the nozzle 11.
  • This process according to the invention allows very rational use of wood, in particular avoiding all the drawbacks linked to atmospheric and geographical conditions on the one hand, and almost total control of the combustion of wood since a boiler conforms to the he invention allows the production of hot water for five days in summer without having to touch anything.
  • a boiler according to the invention can operate at idle for a long period (one week). Indeed, during idling, the valve 9 is closed and retained by a magnet thereby avoiding inadvertent opening created for example by excessive draft caused during high winds for example, the fan 21 is stopped. A slight stream of air penetrates through the injectors 10 and the conduits 13 which has the effect of maintaining a very slow combustion of the coal on the silk, this combustion not being able to accelerate because the gases produced rise in the upper part of the reserve which ensures a counter draft and thereby self-regulation. Even without removing calories, the water temperature does not rise and never reaches the boiling point as occurs in boilers of the prior art.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Verbrennungseinrichtung mit geschlossenem Brennraum, mit einem Brennstoffvorrat (16), der sich oberhalb eines Rostes befindet, einer dem Vorwärmen der Verbrennungsluft dienenden Kammer (15), deren Volumen durch eine den Rost (12) umgebende Ofensohle (17), den Rost (12) sowie durch einen Boden (6) begrenzt ist, und die einen Einlaß (30) für Umgebungsluft aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorwärmkammer (15) unterhalb des Brennstoffvorrates (16) angeordnet ist, daß eine Ringdüse unterhalb des Rostes (12) vorgesehen ist, die die Vorwärmkammer (15) von oben nach unten sowie in ihrem mittleren Bereich durchzieht, so daß die Vorwärmkammer (15) eine annähernd ringförmige Gestalt hat, und daß drei Gruppen von Auslässen für heiße Verbrennungsluft vorgesehen sind:
eine erste Gruppe, bestehend aus Kanälen (10) durch die Ofensohle (17), eine zweite Gruppe von Auslässen, bestehend aus Leitungen (13), die am Umfang der Ofensohle (17) in einer gewissen Höhe oberhalb dieser münden, und eine dritte Gruppe von Auslässen (31), die sich im Bereich des hinteren oder unteren Endes der Ringdüse (11) befinden.
2. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Grundfläche des Rostes (12) auf einen Teil der Grundfläche der Bodensohle (17) begrenzt ist, die den Boden des Brennstoffvorrates (16) bildet, und daß der Boden wenigstens einen Lufteinlaß (10) zum Brennstoffvorrat (16) aufweist.
3. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Lufteinlaß (10) aus den Kanälen (10) in Gestalt von Düsen besteht, die im wesentlichen gleichmäßig auf die Ofensohle (17) verteilt sind.
4. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ofensohle (17) aus einer Platte aus keramischem, hochfeuerfestem Material besteht, das von Stahlblech getragen ist, und daß die Düsen (10) bestimmte Elemente der Ofensohle sind und in Löchern in dieser eingelassen sind.
5. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düsen (10) die Innenform eines sich nach unten erweiternden Kegelstumpfes haben.
6. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Leitungen (13) zum Heranführen von Verbrennungsluft am Umfang der Ofensohle (17) angeordnet sind.
7. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein gegen daß Zentrum geneigter, in Umfangsrichtung verlaufender Innenflansch (14) vorgesehen ist, der eine Ablaufrinne zum Abführen des Kondensats von der Wand bildet und der im Grenzbereich der Verkohlungszone angeordnet ist.
8. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die konische Ringdüse (11) unterhalb des Rostes (12) dazu dient, die Flamme in Richtung einer Brennkammer (2) im unteren Bereich der Einrichtung zu kanalisieren und zu fokussieren.
9. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Lufteinlaß (30) der Vorwärmkammer (15) ein Ventil (9) aufweist, das unter der Einwirkung eines Unterdruckes der Kammer (15) öffnet, und das in der normalen Geschlossenstellung mittels eines Magneten (7) gehalten wird, dessen Kraft einem bestimmten Wert des Unterdruckes entspricht.
10. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese einen Wärmetauscher (18) umfaßt, der in seinem Inneren Leitfläche (20) aufweist, und daß sich der Ausgang (39) des Wärmetauschers auf einem Niveau befindet, das unterhalb jenes der Gesamtheit des Vorrates (16) liegt.
EP85400093A 1984-01-18 1985-01-18 Heizkessel für Holz mit einer Vorheizkammer für den Brennstoff Expired EP0152317B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85400093T ATE36908T1 (de) 1984-01-18 1985-01-18 Heizkessel fuer holz mit einer vorheizkammer fuer den brennstoff.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8401083 1984-01-18
FR8401083A FR2558241B1 (fr) 1984-01-18 1984-01-18 Chaudiere a bois comportant une chambre de prechauffage du comburant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0152317A1 EP0152317A1 (de) 1985-08-21
EP0152317B1 true EP0152317B1 (de) 1988-08-31

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ID=9300429

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85400093A Expired EP0152317B1 (de) 1984-01-18 1985-01-18 Heizkessel für Holz mit einer Vorheizkammer für den Brennstoff

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EP (1) EP0152317B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE36908T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3564734D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2558241B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2592944A1 (fr) * 1986-01-13 1987-07-17 Etude Applic Gle Elements Meca Chaudiere a combustible solide et plus particulierement chaudiere a bois
DE3617146C1 (en) * 1986-05-22 1987-11-26 Stahl Und Appbau Josef Schuste Solid-fuel boiler
NL8601677A (nl) * 1986-06-26 1988-01-18 Kock Bv Kachel.
DE3781987T2 (de) * 1986-08-08 1993-03-11 Clinton Badger Pike Ofen.
DE8630875U1 (de) * 1986-11-18 1987-01-29 Künzel, Haiko, 2084 Rellingen Brenner für einen feststoffbefeuerten Kessel
FR2607228B1 (fr) * 1986-11-21 1990-04-06 Peyrot Pierre Chaudiere a combustible solide a haut rendement
DE3737661A1 (de) * 1987-11-06 1989-05-24 Karl Ackermann Heizungskessel mit zwangsweiser zufuhr der verbrennungsluft
DE3742578A1 (de) * 1987-12-16 1989-07-06 Norbert Harlander Brenner fuer feste brennstoffe
US4884630A (en) * 1988-07-14 1989-12-05 Microelectronics And Computer Technology Corporation End fed liquid heat exchanger for an electronic component
DE4034671C2 (de) * 1990-10-31 1994-06-01 Heribert Posch Brennvorrichtung für Holz und Kohle
DE4039387A1 (de) * 1990-12-10 1992-06-11 Heribert Posch Brennvorrichtung fuer holz und kohle
FR2755214B1 (fr) * 1996-10-25 1998-12-24 Pebeco Appareil de chauffage a sole munie de moyens d'aeration
DE29707032U1 (de) * 1997-04-18 1997-06-05 KÖB & Schäfer KG, Wolfurt Feuerungsanlage
DE20203110U1 (de) 2002-02-27 2002-05-08 Stahl- und Apparatebau Specht oHG, 35116 Hatzfeld Ofen für Festbrennstoffe
DE102009050507B4 (de) * 2009-10-23 2012-08-30 Heribert Posch Feststoff-Brennvorrichtung mit Wärmetauscher zur Wärmeübertragung an einen Flüssigkeits-Kreislauf
ITPS20100001A1 (it) * 2010-01-14 2011-07-15 Fabrizio Fabbri Struttura di iniettore - bruciatore per caldaie a legna a fiamma rovesciata
RU2451239C2 (ru) * 2010-07-20 2012-05-20 Дмитрий Борисович Петров Автоматизированный угольный котел
RU2451240C1 (ru) * 2011-01-12 2012-05-20 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет" (С(А)ФУ) Вертикальная призматическая топка для сжигания древесных отходов
RU2543922C1 (ru) * 2014-01-29 2015-03-10 Сергей Петрович Семенихин Способ сжигания твердого топлива и пароводогрейный котел для его осуществления

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE134819C (de) *
US2956527A (en) * 1955-07-07 1960-10-18 Babcock & Wilcox Co Combustion apparatus for ash containing fuel
FR1412133A (fr) * 1964-10-19 1965-09-24 Goetaverken Ab Foyers à combustion perfectionnés
GB2093960A (en) * 1981-02-19 1982-09-08 Holden William J Ash/clinker removal arrangement for a coal-fired boiler system
FR2512176A1 (fr) * 1981-08-27 1983-03-04 Nau Rene Appareil de combustion a foyer clos pour combustibles solides, notamment le bois

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2558241A1 (fr) 1985-07-19
ATE36908T1 (de) 1988-09-15
DE3564734D1 (en) 1988-10-06
FR2558241B1 (fr) 1989-03-31
EP0152317A1 (de) 1985-08-21

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