EP0150702B1 - Rope formed of threads, yarns or twines made of textile fibrous material - Google Patents

Abstract

A rope comprises of twisted textile fibers in the form of threads, yarns, twines, ply yarns or strands, which fibers consist mainly of synthetic resin, and a reinforcement made of a material which has strength properties differing from those of the textile fibers. The rope is intended for industrial use or as a safety rope, particularly as a climbing rope. In order to increase the life and the abrasion resistance of the rope when it is frequently flexed and to increase the tensile strength of the rope when it extends around a sharp edge, those threads, yarns, twines, ply yarns and strands which consist of twisted textile fibers and are disposed on the outside surface of the rope or of a core of the rope are reinforced by monofilaments of synthetic resin or metal, and/or said threads, yarns, twines, ply yarns or strands of twisted textile fibers are or a core of the rope or the entire rope is provided with a covering consisting of wound or braided monofilaments.

Description

The invention relates to a rope made of threads, yarns, twists or strands made of textile fiber material, in particular plastic fibers and an additional reinforcement made of material that has different strength properties from the fiber material.

Ropes made of textile fiber material are known in principle in the form of twisted or twisted ropes, in the form of braided hollow ropes and also in the form of ropes in a core-sheath construction, in which the core is made of parallel or braided yarns or threads and the sheath is made of one There is a hose braid that surrounds the core.

In practice, all known ropes of the type in question show a greater or lesser sensitivity if they are bent more sharply under load, diverted around sharp edges or are subjected to severe alternating bending stresses, in particular around tight radii, during operation.

The present invention is primarily concerned with industrial ropes and safety ropes, especially mountain ropes.

Industrial ropes can be designed as braided hollow ropes or as stranded ropes. The invention is particularly concerned with industrial cables which are guided around deflection pulleys with small radii during operation and are therefore exposed to strong alternating bending stresses. This leads to considerable wear even when the rope is not subject to any significant tensile loads. Rope cracks can lead to long lifetimes of the machines equipped with appropriate ropes, which are associated with high costs. Our own, carried out studies have shown that the relatively short service life of the known industrial ropes is decisively caused by the friction of the rope in the grooves of the guide rollers, by other abrasion stresses, by the fiber-fiber friction in the rope elements and by the fact that the alternating bending stresses and the Peel the impregnations provided for bypasses from the fibers. Hollow ropes enable a quicker and easier connection of rope ends and are therefore easier to repair, or easier to repair or replace if they are endless ropes. In contrast, the ropes that have been beaten up to now usually have better service life.

In the case of safety ropes and in particular mountain ropes, which are mostly designed as ropes in a core-jacket construction, it has in itself succeeded in increasing the rope strength to such an extent that a mountain rope can withstand many drop tests in the so-called norm drop test before it becomes damaged or becomes too strong permanent rope stretching, the rope becomes inelastic. In the norm drop test, a weight which is adapted to the average body weight of the mountaineer and which hangs on the rope is dropped from a certain height so that it must be intercepted by the rope. However, if the same test is carried out by rerouting the rope around a sharp edge, “sharp” is understood to mean edges with a radius of curvature of less than 5 mm, in particular 1 mm, which in practice corresponds to the rerouting of the mountain rope around a rock edge, then, if a corresponding impact impact occurs, a break or at least damage preventing further use of the rope for safety reasons can occur, even if the impact impact or tensile load is far below the otherwise permissible load standard.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a rope of the type mentioned, which should be used as an industrial rope or safety rope and which has a significantly increased service life or tensile strength under alternating bending stresses and when diverting around tight radii or sharp edges.

For the solution of other tasks, it is already known to provide ropes with elements made of textile fiber material with an additional reinforcement made of material having different strength properties from the fiber material.

From DE-A 2 222 312 it is known to insert, in the load-bearing plastic threads of a heavy-duty plastic rope, deposits made of thread-like materials, which consist of highly stretchable but not or not fully stretched materials and are provided in such an amount and arrangement that in the event of overloading the Plastic ropes, i.e. if the permissible tensile load is significantly exceeded, the potential energy of these plastic threads is gradually reduced. The purpose of the intended reinforcement is to avoid accidents when using the elastic rope for shipping when breaking the rope, which can otherwise occur as the rope ends snap back.

From DE-A 2 455 273 a crane rope made of several stranded or braided strands is known, in which the rope elements of the same or almost the same length, i.e. strands, twists or threads, made of a plastic, in particular polyamide with low elongation at break, and those for the internal structure necessary shorter rope elements, core strands, core twists or core threads made of a plastic with greater elongation at break, for example of stretched polyamide, polyester or polypropylene, and if necessary additionally the rope or the strands are covered with a sheath made of single-layer flexible plastic such as polyurethane, polyamide. The manufacture of the rope elements from different materials is intended to ensure that approximately the same stresses occur in the high-strength, equally long rope elements when the rope is loaded and that the shorter rope elements also contribute to the tensile strength of the rope due to the higher elongation that occurs, without them already tear at relatively lower loads. Through the outer sheathing or by impregnating the rope with abrasion-resistant plastic, the service life should be increased. In practice, however, a simple sheath has the disadvantage that it does not adhere properly to the rope or becomes cracked or flakes off after a short time. The same disadvantages also occur with plastic-coated wire ropes, as they have become known from DE-B 1 221 926.

From DE-A 1 510114, an elastic rope for securing purposes is known, which has a braided sheath made of wires and a core made of foamable plastic material, in particular polyurethane foam, injected into the sheath after the sheath has been produced, the sheath preferably having a lacquer coating during manufacture to ensure the necessary corrosion resistance. Such a rope has only a low tensile strength because of the low load-bearing capacity of the core. In the event of alternating bending stresses, the core may break and the rope may become unusable. Accordingly, the area of application of the rope is mainly limited to special cases, for example as a safety rope for motor vehicles instead of guardrails.

Finally, it is known from FR-A 2166695 to provide two sheaths made of the same materials in the same design in the case of a mountain rope in a core-sheath construction around the core in order to increase safety and abrasion resistance, with the assumption that the outer sheath will wear out first and the inner jacket only wears out. Nothing is gained by this measure for increasing the safety against breakage when the rope is deflected around a sharp edge.

According to the invention, the object defined in more detail above is achieved in that the threads, yarns, twists or strands lying on the outer surface of the rope or a rope core are reinforced by moving monofilaments or wires and / or these threads, yarns, twists or strands The core of the rope or the entire rope is wrapped, braided or wound with monofilaments, the monofilaments or wires having greater hardness and the same or less elongation at break than the textile fiber material.

In the rope according to the invention, the reinforcement fulfills a double function. The outer, harder parts form an abrasion protection by rubbing the other rope elements on pulleys and the like. is prevented or delayed. In the preferred attachment of the reinforcement in the form of braiding or braiding, the reinforcement holds the reinforced part together, which reduces the fiber-fiber friction, prevents the detachment of an impregnation under occurring alternating stresses and also the jumping of the fibers when the rope is diverted by small Radii or sharp corners are counteracted. It has been observed that a rope breaks during the sharp-edged diversion with simultaneous tensile load in such a way that the fibers tear one after the other. If you hold the rope elements together by the reinforcement, this individual tearing of the fibers is counteracted and the fibers come into contact with the edge or deflection roller or the like. where the rerouting takes place. The monofilaments are preferably made of nylon, perlon, polyester, polyamide etc., optionally also of metal. When the reinforcement is attached in the form of braiding or braiding, a single monofilament or the like runs. as a helix around the rope element protected by it, which helix is easily bendable despite the use of a relatively rigid material.

A coating can also be provided for the rope according to the invention. However, the monofilaments or wires forming the reinforcement are wholly or partially embedded in the known coating or sheathing of the threads, yarns, twists, strands, the rope core or rope, so that the sheath, which is made, for example, of plastic material, such as PVC, Polyamide, polyester or polyurethane or rubber-elastic material such as rubber is better anchored to the rope and reinforced in itself than before.

In order to maintain the main properties of the rope and to nevertheless significantly increase the service life, it is sufficient if the proportion of the monofilaments or wires forming the reinforcement is below 10%, in particular below 2%, of the rope cross-section.

When the inventive idea is applied to a safety or mountain rope in a core-sheath construction, in which the core consists of parallel or braided threads and the sheath consists of a tubular braid, the core is provided with braiding or braiding from the monofilaments running over the length of the rope whose thickness is only a fraction of the thickness of the hose network.

An industrial rope, which is braided as a hollow rope from yarns or twists, can be reinforced in such a way that the yarns or twists themselves are braided or braided from the monofilaments or wires, the thickness of which is 1-5% of the yarn or twine diameter, for example Is 0.2 mm.

In the case of a twisted, twisted or braided rope with strands constructed from threads, yarns or twists, the outer strands can each contain at least one reinforcement monofilament which replaces an outer thread, twine or outer thread, is embedded therein or runs with these threads, twists or yarns. This reinforcement element or the outer thread provided with it or the like. lies at least in the area of larger parts of the rope length on the rope surface and thus protects the rope from abrasion.

Further details and advantages of the subject matter of the invention emerge from the following description of the drawings.

• Fig. 1 ein Bergseil in Kern-Mantelkonstruktion vergrößert in Ansicht bei stufenweise abgenommenem Mantel und abgenommener Umhüllung,
• Fig. 2 in größerem Maßstab einen Querschnitt durch eine mögliche Ausführung einer Seillitze oder eines Seilzwirnes,
• Fig. 3 als Detail dazu stark vergrößert eine Ausführungsvariante der Bewehrung,
• Fig. 4 ein geflochtenes Hohlseil in gegenüber der Fig. 1 kleinerem Maßstab in Ansicht,
• Fig. 5 als Detail zu Fig. 4 ein zur Herstellung des Seiles nach Fig. 4 dienendes Garn in Ansicht und
• Fig. 6 in größerem Maßstab eine für die Herstellung eines geschlagenen Seiles verwendbare Litze im Querschnitt.

The subject matter of the invention is illustrated in the drawing, for example. It shows

• 1 is a mountain rope in core-sheath construction enlarged in view with gradually removed sheath and sheath,
• 2 on a larger scale a cross section through a possible embodiment of a rope or a rope twine,
• 3 shows a variant of the reinforcement, greatly enlarged as a detail,
• 4 shows a braided hollow rope in a smaller scale than in FIG. 1,
• Fig. 5 as a detail of Fig. 4 is used to manufacture the rope of Fig. 4 yarn in view and
• Fig. 6 on a larger scale a usable for the production of a tied rope strand in cross section.

1 has a core of parallel twists 1 or fiber bundles, which could possibly also be stranded or interwoven, a sheath 2 made of a tubular braid, in which pairs of individual threads are intertwined in opposite screw lines around the core 1, and a reinforcement made of a stocking-like braiding 3 made of monofilaments, which is made of nylon or perlon or a polyester or polyacrylic or polyamide, around the core formed from the twists 1. In the exemplary embodiment, the pairs of threads in the jacket 2 run according to eight-start screw lines, so that the jacket 2 receives a check pattern that can be varied by using differently colored threads and possibly by changing the color of the threads.

According to FIG. 2, a thread 4, which can be used as a core thread in the rope according to FIG. 1, but possibly also in a rope to be described according to FIG. 4 or 6, is itself provided with a stocking-like braiding made of monofilaments 5. According to FIG. 3, such monofilaments 5, which have a thickness of 0.2 mm, for example, can be embedded in a covering 6 of the thread 4, which is made of rubber, PVC, polyamide or polyurethane.

4 is made similar to the sheath of the rope according to FIG. 1 by intertwining pairs of threads 7 according to multi-start screw lines, which threads may be constructed as in FIGS. 2 and 3 or also in accordance with FIG. 5. 5, a braiding is again provided on the outside around the thread with monofilaments 8 or wires attached in multi-course, opposing screw lines.

6, the core twist 9 and the remaining outer twists 10 are made of the same textile material. An outer thread 11 is replaced by a monofilament or reinforced with an embedded monofilament, which comes to rest on the finished surface at least in places on the finished rope and thus protects the rope from abrasion.

It would also be possible to use outer threads 10 immediately and to provide monofilaments 12 running in individual or all gaps between the outer threads 10.

Claims (6)

1. A rope of filaments (2), yarns, twists (1, 7) or strands (9-11) made of a textile fibre material, more particularly plastics fibres, and an additional reinforcement (3, 5, 8, 11) made of a material having strength properties differing from fibre material, characterised in that the filaments or yarns or twists (4, 7) or strands (9-11) disposed on the outside surface of the rope or of a rope core are reinforced by co-moving monofilaments (11, 12) or wires and/or these filaments, yarns, twists (4, 7) or strands, a rope core (1) or the complete rope are wrap-wound, wrap-braided or wrap-spun with monofilaments (3, 5, 8), the same or the wires being harder than the textile fibre material and having at most the same elongation at break.

2. A rope according to claim 1, characterised in that the reinforcing monofilaments (5) or wires are wholly or partly embedded in a known coating (6) or envelope of the twists (4) or strands or rope core or rope (Fig. 3).

3. A rope according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the proportion of rope cross-section taken up by the reinforcing monofilaments (3, 5, 8, 11, 12) is less than 10% and preferably less than 2%.

4. A rope according to any of claims 1-3, characterised in that in the case of a rope devised as safety rope, more particularly a mountain rope (Fig. 1) in a core and envelope construction in which the core consists of parallel or braided twists (1) or fibre bunches and the envelope (2) of a tubular braiding, the core is wrap-braided (3) or wrap-spun continuously over rope length with the monofilaments whose thickness is only a small proportion of the thickness of the elements of the tubular braiding (2).

5. A rope according to any of claims 1-3, characterised in that the rope is braided from yarns or twists (7) as a hollow rope (Fig. 4) and the yarns or twists are wrap-braided or wrap-spun from monofilaments (8) or wires whose thickness is from 1 to 5% of the yarn or twist diameter.

6. A rope according to any of claims 1-5, characterised in that in the strands (Fig. 6) of the twisted or braided rope, the strands being devised from filaments or yarns or twists (9, 10), each outer strand comprises at least one reinforcing monofilament (11, 12) which replaces an outer filament or twist (10) or an outer yarn, is embedded therein or moves together with such filaments or twists or yarns.

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