EP0150179A1 - Procede d'usinage de contours tridimensionnels utilisant un tour a commande numerique - Google Patents

Procede d'usinage de contours tridimensionnels utilisant un tour a commande numerique

Info

Publication number
EP0150179A1
EP0150179A1 EP19830902625 EP83902625A EP0150179A1 EP 0150179 A1 EP0150179 A1 EP 0150179A1 EP 19830902625 EP19830902625 EP 19830902625 EP 83902625 A EP83902625 A EP 83902625A EP 0150179 A1 EP0150179 A1 EP 0150179A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coordinates
coordinate
workpiece
control signal
value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19830902625
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Douglas Muir Ballough
Howard Lennie Higginbotham
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boeing Co
Original Assignee
Boeing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Boeing Co filed Critical Boeing Co
Publication of EP0150179A1 publication Critical patent/EP0150179A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/182Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by the machine tool function, e.g. thread cutting, cam making, tool direction control
    • G05B19/184Generation of cam-like surfaces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/34Director, elements to supervisory
    • G05B2219/34101Data compression, look ahead segment calculation, max segment lenght
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/45Nc applications
    • G05B2219/45141Turret lathe

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for the machining of a work piece and, more particularly, to a method for operating a numerically controlle lathe to accomplish three dimensional workpiece contouring.
  • a problem with the numerically controlled milling process is that it is relatively labor intensive.
  • the milling of a part often requires manual intervention to reposition the part on the bed of the mill.
  • Such repositioning is often critical to successful part fabrication and, as such, requires a significant amount of time by a skilled operator.
  • a mill produced part often requires substantial hand ⁇ work, such as filing, to produce a finished part.
  • a numerically controlled lathe provides a much faster way of machining workpieces.
  • a workpiece is mounted to a rotating spindle.
  • a cutting tool may be positioned with respect to the radial and axial axes of the workpiece under computer control.
  • the cutting tool moves both axially and radially to cut the desired shape.
  • the lathe process is substantially less labor intensive than is the milling process.
  • a drawback to the lathe process is, however, that heretofore it has only been useful for two dimensional contouring of a part.
  • a yet further desirable feature is to provide the above method in a form which allows reduction of the data necessary to define the three dimen ⁇ sional contour.
  • a method for machining a workpiece comprises the first step of providing a rotatable lathe spindle including means for mounting the workpiece thereto such that the workpiece may be rotated about a rotational axis.
  • a cutting tool is provided as is positioning means which positions the cutting tool in response to applied control signals.
  • the positioning means is operable to position the cutting tool with respect to both a first axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the spindle mounted workpiece and a second axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle mounted workpiece, thereby positioning the cutting tool both radially and axially with respect to the workpiece.
  • a set of control signals x, z, i and k are produced for each predetermined segment of rotation of the workpiece.
  • the x control signal defines the position of the cutting tool in the first axis whereas the z control signal defines the position of the cutting tool in the second axis.
  • Each i control signal defines the distance traveled by the cutting tool in the first axis for each revolution of the workpiece with each k control signal defining the distance traveled by the cutting tool in the second axis for each revolution of the workpiece.
  • the desired machined shape of the workpiece is defined in a Cartesian coordinate system using mutually orthogonal axes having corresponding coordinates X, Y and Z.
  • the X, Y and Z coordinates are compensated for offsets produced by the cutting tool to produce corresponding coordinates x 1 , y 1 and z.
  • the x', y* coordinates are converted to corresponding polar coordinates of radius R and angle ⁇ .
  • a set of X coordinates is defined, each X coordinate being predeterminedly related to one of the R coordinates.
  • a set of i coordinates are calculated, each i coordinate being a predetermined function of said R and ⁇ coordinates.
  • a set of k coordinates are calculated, each k coordinate being a predetermined function of the z and ⁇ coordinates.
  • the x, z, i and k control signals are produced in response to said x, z, i and k coordinates, respectively.
  • successive i, k control signals are compared to the i, k values of the immediately preceding control signal.
  • Those x, z, i and k control signals whose i, k values are predeterminedly related to the i, k values of the immediately preceding control signal are deleted.
  • FIGURE 1 is a perspective view illustrating the machining of a three dimensional nacelle cowl on a numerically controlled lathe, which lathe is under control of a computer and user terminal;
  • FIGURE 2 is a plan view illustrating the x, z, i and k coordinates which define positioning of the cutting tool with respect to the spindle mounted workpiece;
  • FIGURE 3 depicts a Cartesian coordinate system used to define the nacelle cowl in accordance with the present method
  • FIGURE 4 is a block diagram illustrating the logic flow steps performed by the present method
  • FIGURES 5A, 5B are face and side- plan views, respectively, of a contour of the desired machined workpiece, illustrating definition of the contour by the use of a Cartesian coordinate system and compensation for the radius of the cutting tool;
  • FIGURES 6A, 6B are face and side plan views, respectively, of a contour of the desired machined workpiece illustrating conversion of the Cartesian coordinates to polar coordinates;
  • FIGURES 7A and 7B are face and side plan views, respectively, of a contour of the desired machined workpiece illustrating the derivation of the i and k coordinates;
  • FIGURES 8A, 8B are face and side plan views, respectively, of a contour of the desired workpiece illustrating the present method for reducing the number of stored data points required to define the positioning of the cutting tool.
  • FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a numerically controlled lathe, indicated generally at 10 and a computer control for the lathe, indicated generally at 12.
  • the numerically controlled lathe 10 is a generally L-shaped structure, having one leg forming a bed 14 and the remaining, upstanding leg forming a support portion 16. Extending from a face of the support portion 16 in position over the bed 14 is a spindle assembly 18. Spindle assembly 18 is rotatably driven by a motor (not shown) contained within support portion 16. The rotational speed of spindle assembly 18 is precisely controlled by control of its associated motor which, in turn, is controlled by computer control 12.
  • a workpiece 20 Shown mounted on spindle assembly 18, for rotation therewith, is a workpiece 20.
  • the workpiece 20 is shown to be a nacelle cowl, as might be used, for example, on model aircraft used in wind tunnel testing.
  • the rotational, or axial axis of the workpiece 20 is normal to the face of spindle 18 and parallel to the longitudinal axis of bed 14 as shown by arrow 22, whereas the radial axis of workpiece 20 is normal to rotational axis 22 as depicted by arrow 24.
  • Control panel 26 contains the various controls normally associated with such numerically controlled lathes, including a master off/on switch, cycle START and STOP controls, a spindle on/off control, a rotation direction control, feed rate override control, spindle speed override control, slide and carriage manual movement controls, and a feed hold control.
  • the bed 14 is provided on its upper surface with a pair of tracks 30, 32 which extend parallel to one another and to the longitudinal axis of the bed 14.
  • a carriage 34 has detents (36, 38) and suitable bearings (not shown) such that it freely rides on the tracks 30, 32.
  • the position of carriage 34 on the bed 14 is determined by a screwdrive comprising drive motor 40 which rotatably drives a screw shaft 42.
  • Drive motor 40 is controlled by computer control 12.
  • the carriage 34 may, therefore, be predeterminedly positioned along the rotational axis 22 of the workpiece 20 in response to control signals from control unit 12.
  • the carriage 34 is provided with a pair of guide rails 44, 46 which are supported in parallel on the upper surface of the carriage 34, such that the guide rails 44, 46 are orthogonal with respect to the tracks 30, 31.
  • Mounted on the rails 44, 46 is a slide 50.
  • Slide 50 may be driven along the rails 44, 46 via a screwdrive comprised of drive motor 52 which rotatably drives a screw shaft 54.
  • Drive motor 52 is under control of the computer control unit 12.
  • the slide may, therefore, be driven in the radial axis 24 of the workpiece in response to control signals from computer control unit 12.
  • a tool receptacle 56 Affixed to the upper surface of the slide 50 is a tool receptacle 56 which, via a set screw 58, receives and supports a cutting tool 60.
  • the cutting edge of the cutting tool 60 is positioned to engage the workpiece on the radial axis 24.
  • Computer control 12 is comprised of a user terminal 61 and an associated logic unit 62.
  • a multiconductor bus 64 connects the logic unit 62 to the numerically controlled lathe 10.
  • the user's terminal 61 is provided with a cathode ray tube screen
  • System data may be input, therefore, by user keyboard entry and/or magnetic disk.
  • a tape reader 75 provides punched tape control of the logic unit 62.
  • Data input via terminal 61 is routed via a bus (not shown) to the logic unit 62. It should be understood that the user terminal 61 and logic unit 62 may be provided as an integrated unit.
  • the logic unit 62 responds to input command signals to produce a series of control signals which, when applied to the numerically controlled lathe 10, cause the cutting tool 60 to be positioned such that three dimensional contours may be cut into the workpiece 20.
  • the numerically controlled lathe was a model number 2010 American NC lathe, manufactured by American
  • the associated computing unit 12 was comprised of an Alan Bradley type 7320 computer, manufactured by Alan
  • FIGURE 2 is a plan view from above of the numerically controlled lathe showing a rotating spindle 18 to which is affixed, for rotation therewith, the workpiece 20.
  • the workpiece is rotated in a counterclockwise direction, indicated by an arrow 90, as viewed down the rotational axis 22 towards the spindle 18.
  • four coordinates, and correspondingly four control signals define the position of the cutting tool 60 with respect to the workpiece 20 as the workpiece rotates.
  • the relative position of the tool 60 is defined by an x coordinate, along an x axis perpendicular to the rotational axis 22, as indicated by arrow 92.
  • the position of the cutting tool 60 along the rotational axis 22 of the workpiece is defined by a z coordinate on a z axis, indicated at 94.
  • the distance traveled by the cutting tool 60 along the x axis for each revolution of the workpiece is defined by a coordinate i.
  • the distance traveled by the cutting tool 60 along the z axis 94 for each revolution of the workpiece 20 is defined by a coordinate k.
  • the i and k control signals are normally input to define a desired threading of the workpiece.
  • the use of the i and k control signals in the present 5 invention provides the necessary extra data beyond positional coordinates to operate the cutting tool 60 to realize three dimensional contours in the workpiece 20.
  • FIGURE 3 depicts the desired final machined shape of the work- piece into the form of a nacelle cowl.
  • the conventional manner the
  • the 10 shape of the cowl is defined by a series of loft lines, such as initial loft line 100.
  • the loft lines are defined by Cartesian coordinates X, Y and Z. As shown, the Z coordinate is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the nacelle cowl.
  • Each loft line is defined by a locus of X, Y points, at a given Z coordinate value. In this way, and by using a sufficient number of loft, or contour lines, a designer may
  • FIGURE 4 is a logic flow diagram illustrating the preferred steps, in their preferred sequence performed in the method according to the present invention.
  • the part to be machined here, for example a nacelle cowl for a model aircraft, is defined in a Cartesian coordinate system using coordinate axes X, Y and Z.
  • a Cartesian coordinate system using coordinate axes X, Y and Z.
  • FIGURE 5A is a plan, end view of the nacelle cowl showing the contour line
  • a Cartesian coordinate system comprised of horizontal axis X, and vertical axis Y is shown, with the origin at the rotational axis 102 of the nacelle cowl.
  • FIGURE 5B is a plan, side view of the naeelle cowl, and illustrates the Z Cartesian coordinate axis which runs coincident with the rotational axis 102.
  • a series of N data points are selected to define each contour.
  • the first data point selected is at coordinates X- , Y- , and Z- .
  • additional data points are identified around the contour 100 such that the contour line 100 is defined to acceptable limits.
  • compensation is made for offset due to the radius of the cutting tool.
  • the radius of the cutting tool is depicted by the circle 104 with a center point x ', y ' representing the cutter compensated data point. If the command to the cutting tool were not compensated to account for the radius of the tool, errors woul result in the machined workpiece.
  • Such compensation may be made either as result of a geometric analysis of the position of the cutting tool and its radiu with respect to the workpiece at a given cut point, or the desired compensatio may be made empirically. Referring to FIGURE 5B, it will be noted that the Z coordinate changes from Z. to z. to compensate for the cutting tool radius.
  • the compensated coordinates 1 , y' are converted to polar coordinates of radius R and angle ⁇ .
  • FIGURES 6A and 6B parallel FIGURES 5A and 5B in that shown is the plan end, and side views respectively of the nacelle cowl, at a contour line 100.
  • FIGURE 6 A a series of three data points x ', y.' through x , y, ⁇ are illustrated. As shown, these points have been compensated for the cutting tool radius.
  • a corresponding set of radii R., - R are shown extending from the axis of rotation 102 to each of these data points.
  • angles, such as ⁇ , ⁇ - are shown from an initial reference angle, here being the zero angle line coincident with the radius R...
  • a coordinate x is defined as equalling R for all of the data points along the contour 100, where n is understood to represent the nth data point, with n varying from 1 to N.
  • the thus defined x coordinate is seen to be the desired cutting tool position in the x axis of FIGURE 2 with respect to the rotational axis 102 of the workpiece 20.
  • n denotes the nth value, with n varying from 1 to N.
  • i coordinate represents the total distance traveled per workpiece revolution of the cutting tool in the x axis.
  • n represents the nth value, with n varying from 1 to
  • FIGURES 7A, 7B depict calculation of the k coordinate.
  • FIGURE 7A is a plan, end view of the nacelle cowl showing the contour 100.
  • FIGURE 7B is a plan, side view-of the eowL
  • the three data points, which have been compensated for cutting tool radius, are indicated as ', y.' through x, 1 , ymont'.
  • the three data points x ' y ' through x ', y 3 ' have corresponding z coordinates z ⁇ through z-.
  • the k coordinate represents the movement of the cutting tool in the z axis per revolution of the workpiece.
  • the distance in the z axis between the first two points z.,, z sacrifice represents a k-' coordinate, where k 1 - is equal to k- j /360".
  • the k coordinate corresponding to the distance traveled per workpiece revolution in the z axis of the cutting tool is determined.
  • coordinates x n , z n , i n and k n may be determined for each point around the contour of the desired machined workpiece shape. If corresponding coordinates are determined for each loft contour, sufficient information may be supplied to the numerically controlled lathe of FIGURE 1 to form the desired three dimensional contouring in the workpiece. However, it is desirable to reduce the total number of data points which must be stored by the computer and applied to the lathe to thereby reduce necessary storage capacity of the computer and, correspondingly, machining time on the lathe.
  • a "filtering" process is used, as is understood as follows.
  • a comparison is made between the i coordinate i n + . , 1 of a successive data p c oint, - i with the i coordinate i of an immediately preceding data point.
  • a test is made to determine whether a continuation of the i value through the i n + 1 coordinate will allow deletion of the data point containing the coordinate i . .
  • This test is based upon an x tolerance limit being defined for the particular part being machined. Thus, if continuation of the i lead coordinate through the successive data point containing i + ., produces an arc which is within the defined x tolerance for the successive point, the test at block 134 is passed, with a "yes" or flagged output leading to block 136.
  • a comparison is made between the k coordinate k + - of a successive data point to the k coordinate k of the immediately preceding data point.
  • a test is made to determine whether a continuatio of the lead through the data point containing k + 1 will be within a specifie z tolerance limit.
  • the successive data p c oint (x n + , ,l , zn + , .l , in + , .l and z n technically + , .i ) may J not b deleted and is thereby established as a stored data point at block 138. If however, the tests at block 134 and 136 are both "yes," (i.e., both blocks 134, 13 are flagged) the successive data point (x + - , z + - , i + 1 and k + -) may b deleted as a data point, as indicated at block 140.
  • FIGURES 8A and 8B depict this "filtering" process in diagrammati form.
  • FIGURE 8A is a plan, end view of the nacelle cowl illustrating the contour 100.
  • FIGURE 8B is a plan, side view of the cowl.
  • FIGURE 4 it has been determined that the data point xicide, z must, konul, may be filtered, or deleted from the data points which define the contour 100, inasmuch as continuation of the i lead coordinate through the second data point is within a defined x tolerance and continuation of the k. lead coordinate through the second data point is within a defined z tolerance.
  • the above described filtering process may be used to substantially reduce the number of data points required to define a given contour in accordance with the present method.
  • n - N a test is performed, at block 142, to determine whether or not n - N, that is, whether all of the points on the contour have been processed. If the answer is "no" the system returns to block 130 to calculate the lead coordinate i for the next data point. If, however, all points on a contour have been processed, this system increments to block 144 whereby the process is repeated for the next contour line.
  • each contour coordinate, x, z, i and k is stored within memory of a computing unit, such as computing unit 12 of FIGURE 1.
  • the computer processes each contour coordinate, x, z, i and k to produce a corresponding control signal x, z, i, k for application to a numerically controlled lathe, such as lathe 10 of FIGURE 1.
  • a new control signal x, z, i, k is input to appropriately reposition the cutting tool.
  • a revolution of the workpiece is broken down into thirty-six (36) equal segments (i.e., ten degrees per segment).
  • a new control signal x, z, i and k is input to the lathe to control the position of the cutting tool in its x and z axes.
  • the lathe operates on a successive ten degree segment using the control signals from the preceding ten degree segment.
  • the described method further includes a method for deleting data points which are not necessary to maintain the contour of the workpiece within a desired tolerance.
  • the method is capable of reducing the volume of data points which must be stored in the memory of a computing unit, and correspondingly, reducing the machining time necessary to machine a desired part.
  • control signals described above utilize x, z, i and k representative values. It should be understood that different numerically controlled lathes may require a different designation of the control inputs. Such a variation in designation is within the scope of this invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)

Abstract

Une unité de calcul (12) produit des signaux de commande qui, lorsqu'ils sont appliqués aux entrées de commande d'un tour conventionnel à commande numérique (10), provoquent le positionnement de l'outil de coupe du tour (60) de sorte qu'il est possible de réaliser des contours variables dans les trois dimensions sur une pièce à usiner rotative (20) montée sur un axe (18). Les signaux de commande comprennent des signaux de position x et z, définissant la position de l'outil de coupe par rapport à l'axe radial (24) et axial (22), respectivement, de la pièce à usiner (20), et des signaux de commande i et k qui définissent la distance parcourue par l'outil de coupe, à chaque révolution de la pièce à usiner, sur l'axe radial (24) et axial (22) de la pièce à usiner. Un procédé de filtrage (134, 136, 140) permet d'annuler chaque signal de commande dont les valeurs i et k sont comprises dans les valeurs de tolérance x et z, respectivement, du signal de commande immédiatement précédent, afin de réduire aussi bien le volume des données stockées que le temps d'usinage.
EP19830902625 1983-07-28 1983-07-28 Procede d'usinage de contours tridimensionnels utilisant un tour a commande numerique Withdrawn EP0150179A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1983/001160 WO1985000676A1 (fr) 1983-07-28 1983-07-28 Procede d'usinage de contours tridimensionnels utilisant un tour a commande numerique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0150179A1 true EP0150179A1 (fr) 1985-08-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19830902625 Withdrawn EP0150179A1 (fr) 1983-07-28 1983-07-28 Procede d'usinage de contours tridimensionnels utilisant un tour a commande numerique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0150179A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1985000676A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4653360A (en) * 1985-05-07 1987-03-31 The Cross Company CNC turning machine
JPH03290705A (ja) * 1990-04-09 1991-12-20 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 数値制御装置
JP3740265B2 (ja) * 1997-12-01 2006-02-01 株式会社アクティブ 切刃の移動データを算出するためのプログラムを記録した記憶媒体

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3676651A (en) * 1970-09-21 1972-07-11 Bendix Corp Rapid retract for thread cutting

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8500676A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1985000676A1 (fr) 1985-02-14

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