EP0147289A2 - Vorrichtung zum Schärfen eines Unterwasserzünders - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Schärfen eines Unterwasserzünders Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0147289A2
EP0147289A2 EP84402572A EP84402572A EP0147289A2 EP 0147289 A2 EP0147289 A2 EP 0147289A2 EP 84402572 A EP84402572 A EP 84402572A EP 84402572 A EP84402572 A EP 84402572A EP 0147289 A2 EP0147289 A2 EP 0147289A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
piston
arming
chambers
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84402572A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0147289B1 (de
EP0147289A3 (en
Inventor
Fernand Maillet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Direction General de lArmement DGA
Gouvernement de la Republique Francaise
Original Assignee
Delegation Generale pour lArmement
Gouvernement de la Republique Francaise
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delegation Generale pour lArmement, Gouvernement de la Republique Francaise filed Critical Delegation Generale pour lArmement
Publication of EP0147289A2 publication Critical patent/EP0147289A2/de
Publication of EP0147289A3 publication Critical patent/EP0147289A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0147289B1 publication Critical patent/EP0147289B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C3/00—Fuzes actuated by exposure to a liquid, e.g. seawater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C14/00—Mechanical fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type
    • F42C14/04—Mechanical fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type for torpedoes, marine mines or depth charges

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and devices for arming the firing of an underwater weapon.
  • Submarine weapons which carry explosive charges have a so-called security and armament device which generally performs three functions.
  • a security and arming device comprises, on the one hand, a bistable member which is the arming member proper which can occupy two positions: a first unarmed position where it prohibits firing and a second position army where he authorized the firing.
  • the bistable member may for example be a switch interposed in the electrical firing circuit and / or a tilting flap which prohibits or authorizes the passage of the firing order.
  • a security and arming device comprises, on the other hand, an actuator which controls the movements of the bistable arming member and which consumes energy.
  • the present invention relates to arming methods and devices comprising new means for actuating the bistable member.
  • the actuator is generally an electromechanical member for example a geared motor or an electromagnet which must be supplied with electrical energy or else a hydraulic member for example a jack using hydrostatic pressure as an energy source .
  • the timing of the tilting of the bistable member can result from the very nature of the actuator, for example, in the case of a gear motor with low output speed, from the time necessary for the output shaft to make a certain number of turns. In other cases, it must be carried out by a separate time delay device. Security prohibits arming using the properties of the environment external to the weapon after launching, i.e. the properties of sea water in the case of an underwater weapon, for example the hydrostatic pressure or electrical conductivity.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide new means of actuating the bistable member forming part of a device for arming the firing of an explosive charge carried by a weapon or an underwater vehicle , which means do not require any energy source-on-board the underwater vehicle and enable the three functions of actuation, timing and safety to be fulfilled by means of a single device.
  • the methods and devices according to the invention use the phenomenon of osmosis, that is to say of transfer of a solvent through a semi-permeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution, transfer which gives place at a differential pressure if one of the solutions is placed in a closed volume.
  • a bistable arming member is actuated by means of a piston on which a differential pressure is exerted which is an osmotic pressure between sea water and a solution of sodium chloride, the salt concentration of which is different from that of sea water.
  • the piston is moved in a cylindrical body which has two chambers separated by said piston, sea water is admitted into one of the chambers and the other chamber is a closed volume which is filled with an aqueous solution.
  • sodium chloride the salt concentration of which is different from that of seawater.
  • the seawater and the saline solution contained in each of the two chambers are brought into contact with a semi-permeable membrane which is incorporated in the piston.
  • a device for the safety and arming of the firing of an explosive charge carried by an underwater weapon, comprises a piston which is connected by a rod to a bistable arming member, which piston moves inside a cylindrical body which it separates into two chambers, a first chamber which communicates freely with the sea and a second chamber which is a closed volume containing a sodium chloride solution whose salt concentration is different from that of sea water and said piston is hollow, it contains a semi-permeable lining and the device comprises means for bringing the saline solutions contained in the two chambers into contact with two opposite faces of said lining.
  • the second chamber communicates with the sea through a calibrated non-return valve and through a cavity which is filled with sodium chloride, so that the water which enters the second chamber is saturated with salt.
  • the second chamber is a closed volume which is filled with fresh water.
  • the invention results in new means of arming and security of the firing of an explosive charge carried by an underwater vehicle or weapon.
  • the submarine weapons according to the invention are ready for use, even after prolonged storage, without it being necessary to check an energy source or to equip them at the last moment with a energy source.
  • Seawater being one of the solutions which participate in osmosis, an arming device according to the invention presents total security while the weapon which is equipped with it is not in contact with the sea, it that is to say before launch.
  • the osmotic pressure increases slowly as a function of the flow of solvent through the membrane, which makes it possible to obtain a delay between the moment of launch and the arming.
  • a device according to the invention for actuating a bistable arming member therefore makes it possible to perform the three actuation, timing and safety functions by means of a single member, the mechanical production of which is relatively simple and which is a robust and very reliable body.
  • the operation of a device according to the invention is independent of the hydrostatic pressure and therefore of the depth immersion.
  • the device for igniting an explosive charge generally comprises a so-called arming and safety device which consists of a bistable member for example a switch, or of a mechanical part, for example a flap, which must tilt from a first position called unarmed to a second position called armed to authorize firing.
  • the security and arming device further comprises an actuator, driven by an energy source, which controls the tilting of the bistable member.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show the actuator alone.
  • the bistable armament member which is of any known type is not shown in the drawings. It is mechanically connected to the device according to the invention by a rod 1 whose movement in the direction of the arrow F controls the arming of the bistable member.
  • the device according to Figure 1 is mounted on an underwater weapon and it is therefore submerged when the weapon touches the water.
  • the device according to FIG. 1 comprises a cylindrical hollow body 2, of axis x xl, one end of which is closed by a bottom 3.
  • the other end of the cylinder is closed by a cover 4 which is tightly fixed, by all medium on the hollow body 2.
  • the hollow body 2, the bottom 3 and the cover 4 define a cylindrical cavity 5 of axis x xl in which a piston 6 moves which separates two chambers 7 and 8.
  • the rod 1 is fixed to the piston 6 and it crosses the bottom 3 through a seal 9.
  • the rod 1 transmits the axial movements to the firing member piston 6.
  • a flexible and deformable membrane 10 is interposed between the piston 6 and the cylindrical body 2.
  • the membrane 10 and the piston 6 form a sealed separation between the two chambers 7 and 8.
  • The, figure shows an embodiment in which the membrane 10 is annular and the outer edge is clamped between the cover 4 and the cylindrical body 2.
  • the piston 6 has a disc 6a which is fixed coaxially against one end of the piston 6 and the internal edge of the membrane 10 is pinched between the disc 6a and the piston 6.
  • the disc 6a has a peripheral shoulder 6b which fits into the piston 6 to center the disc 6a relative to the piston.
  • the piston 6 is a hollow piston, so that the piston and the disc 6a define an internal cavity of the piston which is filled with a lining 11 which is a semi-permeable lining with hollow fibers which allows the transfer by osmosis of the solvent to a more concentrated solution when said filling is placed between two solutions of different concentration.
  • the second chamber 8 communicates through orifices 12 with a chamber 13 which is delimited by the lining 11 and by the bottom of the piston 6, so that the liquid which is in the chamber 8 comes into contact with the underside of the lining 11.
  • the lining 11 has a central well in which is engaged an axial cylindrical body 14 which extends the disc 6a.
  • the cylindrical body 14 is pierced with an axial bore 15 which opens into the chamber 7 and radial orifices 16 which come into contact with the lining 11, so that the liquid which is in the chamber 7 enters the bore axial 15 and comes into contact with the lining 11.
  • the cover 4 has orifices 17 which pass right through it so that when the device is immersed at the same time as the weapon or the underwater vehicle on which it is mounted, the sea water penetrates freely into the first chamber 7 through the orifices 17 and it comes into contact with the osmotic lining 11.
  • FIG. 1 represents an embodiment in which uses the pressure difference between the sea water which is in the first chamber 7 when the device is immersed and an aqueous solution more concentrated in salt than the sea water, which is in the second chamber 8, so that water coming from chamber 7 passes through osmosis the lining II and causes in chamber 8, which is a closed volume, a pressure rise which pushes the piston 6 in the direction of arrow F and which arms the device firing.
  • the second chamber 8 communicates with a conduit 18 which is pierced through the cylindrical body 2 and the external end of which is closed by a plug 19.
  • the conduit 18 communicates by another conduit 20 with a cavity 21 which contains crystals of sodium chloride 22.
  • the cavity 21 communicates with the ambient environment through a calibrated non-return valve 23 which lets seawater enter the cavity and which prevents it from leaving when the pressure rises in the chamber 8.
  • the chamber 8 also communicates with the ambient medium by conduits 24, 25 which are hollowed out in the walls of the hollow body 2 and through a valve safety setting 26 which is set to open when the pressure in the chamber 8 reaches an upper limit than the pressure necessary to move the piston 6 in order to limit the pressure in the chamber 8.
  • the operation is as follows.
  • the device according to Figure 1 is mounted on an underwater vehicle containing an explosive charge. As long as the machine is not in the water, especially during the storage periods or before launching into the water, the chambers 7 and 8 are empty, no differential pressure is exerted on the piston 6. - The firing device cannot be armed. The device therefore fulfills a first safety function since it avoids arming the firing member as long as the underwater vehicle on which it is mounted is not in contact with water.
  • seawater penetrates directly into the first chamber 7 through the orifices 17. It also enters the second chamber 8 through the valve 23 and the cavity 22 where it becomes saturated with salt, so that the chamber 8 is filled with a saturated solution.
  • the pressures in chambers 7 and 8 are equal.
  • the pressure build-up takes a certain time and the device according to the invention fulfills a time delay function between the moment when the machine is launched into the water and the moment when the device causes arming, which allows the launcher to move far enough before the ignition of the explosive charge is armed.
  • FIG. 2 represents an alternative embodiment of a device according to the invention which uses the osmosis passage of water from sea water to fresh water, that is to say to a solution of which the sodium chloride concentration is lower than that of seawater.
  • the second chamber 8 is delimited by the disc 6a and by the cover 4 of the cylindrical body 6.
  • the rod 1 of the piston passes through the cover 4.
  • the chamber 8 is a closed chamber which is filled with water soft by an orifice 27 which is closed by a threaded plug 28.
  • the first chamber 7 communicates through orifices 17 with the ambient medium and it communicates through the bore 15 and the radial conduits 16 with the axial well dug in the semi-permeable lining 11.
  • the chamber 8 communicates through orifices 12 with the chamber 13 which is delimited by the underside of the lining 11 and by the disc 6a.
  • the imbalance in salt concentrations causes a transfer of fresh water by osmosis effect from chamber 8 to chamber 7 through the packing 11.
  • the pressure in the chamber 8 decreases and, under the effect of the pressure difference between the hydrostatic pressure which prevails in the chamber 7 and the decreasing pressure in the chamber 8, the piston 6 moves towards the chamber 8 and its movement in the direction of arrow F 'is transmitted to the firing member.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
EP84402572A 1983-12-27 1984-12-13 Vorrichtung zum Schärfen eines Unterwasserzünders Expired EP0147289B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8320815A FR2557287B1 (fr) 1983-12-27 1983-12-27 Procedes et dispositifs d'armements de la mise a feu d'une arme sous-marine
FR8320815 1983-12-27

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0147289A2 true EP0147289A2 (de) 1985-07-03
EP0147289A3 EP0147289A3 (en) 1985-08-14
EP0147289B1 EP0147289B1 (de) 1987-07-22

Family

ID=9295586

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84402572A Expired EP0147289B1 (de) 1983-12-27 1984-12-13 Vorrichtung zum Schärfen eines Unterwasserzünders

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4632035A (de)
EP (1) EP0147289B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3464965D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2557287B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4033711B2 (ja) * 2002-05-22 2008-01-16 ヤマハマリン株式会社 船外機のパワーチルト・トリム装置
US6776079B1 (en) 2003-07-25 2004-08-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Asymetrically contoured elastomeric disk

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE714648C (de) * 1940-09-10 1941-12-03 Siegfried Graef Einrichtung zum selbsttaetigen Ein- und Ausschalten eines elektrischen Stromkreises nach genau einstellbaren Zeiten
US2551608A (en) * 1945-11-15 1951-05-08 Lewis E Kissinger Delayed arming device for mines
US2795189A (en) * 1955-07-12 1957-06-11 Ernest R Haberland Arming device for mines
US3722407A (en) * 1957-06-28 1973-03-27 Us Navy Delay arming device for submarine laid mines
US3195460A (en) * 1962-07-26 1965-07-20 George P Kalaf Delayed-action, hydrostaticallyoperated arming device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2557287B1 (fr) 1987-06-26
FR2557287A1 (fr) 1985-06-28
DE3464965D1 (en) 1987-08-27
EP0147289B1 (de) 1987-07-22
EP0147289A3 (en) 1985-08-14
US4632035A (en) 1986-12-30

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