EP0147275B1 - Verbrennungsofen für Wirbelbettkessel - Google Patents

Verbrennungsofen für Wirbelbettkessel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0147275B1
EP0147275B1 EP84402448A EP84402448A EP0147275B1 EP 0147275 B1 EP0147275 B1 EP 0147275B1 EP 84402448 A EP84402448 A EP 84402448A EP 84402448 A EP84402448 A EP 84402448A EP 0147275 B1 EP0147275 B1 EP 0147275B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
tubes
air
injectors
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84402448A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0147275A3 (en
EP0147275A2 (de
Inventor
Roger Puff
Jacques Dreuilhe
Jean-Claude Kita
Jean-François Large
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Charbonnages de France CDF
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Original Assignee
Charbonnages de France CDF
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Charbonnages de France CDF, IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN filed Critical Charbonnages de France CDF
Priority to AT84402448T priority Critical patent/ATE42390T1/de
Publication of EP0147275A2 publication Critical patent/EP0147275A2/de
Publication of EP0147275A3 publication Critical patent/EP0147275A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0147275B1 publication Critical patent/EP0147275B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/002—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus for pulverulent solid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0015—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type
    • F22B31/003—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type with tubes surrounding the bed or with water tube wall partitions
    • F22B31/0038—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type with tubes surrounding the bed or with water tube wall partitions with tubes in the bed

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a combustion hearth for a boiler with a fluidized bed of solid fuel, which can be used industrially for all desired purposes: production of steam, hot water, hot gases, etc.
  • EP-A-0 084 492 describes a fluidized bed hearth in which a particular solution is used which makes it possible to adjust the quantity of fuel burned in a ratio greater than 2.
  • This solution consists in using a fluidization grid of special design in which there are two separate gas blowing circuits; one of these circuits, called the treatment gas circuit, has its outlet orifices which are situated at a level higher than that of the orifices of the fluidization gas circuit.
  • the adjustment made possible using this solution is not perfect in all circumstances.
  • the temperature rises too much inside the bed due to an insufficient evacuation of the calories produced; in addition, a non-negligible part of the fuel is drawn out of the bed, without being burnt.
  • tubes of a heat exchanger are most often arranged horizontally, substantially in an area located near the upper part of the bed. This zone is made to fluctuate by acting on the speed of the fluidizing gas, so that the tubes of the heat exchanger are more or less completely immersed in the bed, the heat exchange coefficient being much higher at inside the bed than outside the bed.
  • the main object of the invention is to arrive at another solution allowing the adjustment in a high ratio of the power of a combustion furnace in a fluidized bed, while retaining satisfactory operating conditions, that is to say does not not allowing an excessive rise in the temperature of the fluidized bed nor a significant loss of unburned products at the high speeds of the combustion air.
  • air injectors for confining the combustion zone are arranged above the upper level in the vicinity of the side wall and directed towards the central zone of the hearth with an inclination to the vertical of an angle (a) between 15 ° and 75 °, the total air flow of containment blown by these injectors being adjustable between 5% and 20% of the total air flow introduced into the fireplace.
  • your tubes or the bundles of tubes are distributed throughout the volume of the hearth, mainly when it is a large hearth.
  • the tubes or the bundles of tubes are arranged on the side wall or in the vicinity of the side wall of the hearth, mainly when it comes to relatively small hearths, such as that of small boilers or small or medium boilers for relatively ashy fuels.
  • the secondary air injectors are placed at the periphery of the hearth, at a level higher than the highest level reached by the tube bundle (s).
  • the invention can be used with a fluidization grid of any type, from the moment when the inclined or vertical tubes can be arranged there.
  • the invention can be used with a fluidization grid of special design with two separate circuits and with two staged levels of the blowing orifices as described in the aforementioned document.
  • EP-A-0 084 492 will now be given a description of an exemplary embodiment of a combustion hearth. Reference will be made to the attached single figure which is a sectional view through a vertical plane of the hearth, according to the invention, of a steam boiler, the other parts of which, not concerned by the invention, are not shown.
  • the hearth shown has a side wall 1 surrounding a square fluidizing grid 2. This is of the type with two separate blowing circuits 3, 4, both supplied with air since it is only a combustion hearth solid fuel.
  • the first circuit 3 ends with orifices 3A open upwards in the upper face of the fluidization grid 2; the second circuit 4 ends with orifices 4A open horizontally at the top of vertical tubes 4B which extend upwards from the upper face of the grid 2, between the orifices 3A of the first circuit 3.
  • the side wall 1 limits, with the fluidization grid 2, a volume 5 having a central zone 6.
  • tubes 7, 8 are arranged vertically in the volume 5. They could be distributed equally throughout the volume 5; in this example, they are located in two parallel rows and arranged in staggered rows close to the side wall 1, so that the central zone 6 remains clear.
  • the tubes 7, 8 are shown which are close to the vertical section plane and those which are further away have been omitted, for the sake of clarity of the drawing.
  • the tubes 7 constitute a first bundle and the tubes 8 constitute a second bundle of a heat exchanger. At their lower end, they are connected to a manifold 9 for the arrival of a heat transfer fluid and at their upper end they are connected to a manifold 10 for discharging this fluid.
  • a ramp 11 placed in a horizontal plane, provided with air injectors 12.
  • the latter are distributed equally along the ramp 11 and they are directed towards the central zone 6 of the hearth at an angle a with the vertical.
  • the air injectors 12 could be individually mounted on the side wall 1 and be supplied individually with air; as a further variant, the ramp 11 could be placed outside the side wall and connected thereto to each injector 12. In any case, the injectors 12 are determined and distributed so as to direct towards the central zone of the hearth, in a balanced manner, a total secondary air flow of between 5% and 20% of the total air flow introduced into the fireplace.
  • the angle ⁇ of inclination of the air injectors 12 does not have a precise critical value; it can be chosen between 15 ° and 75 ° relative to the vertical, a preferred value being approximately 60 °.
  • the air injectors 12 are movable in direction, so that the angle of inclination a can be modified according to the load of the bed.
  • an automatic adjustment of this angle is provided, its value increasing as the level of the fluidized bed rises.
  • the fluidized bed has a lower level 13 drawn in solid lines, in correspondence with the lowest thermal power obtained from the hearth and an upper level 14 drawn in lines mixed, corresponding to the highest thermal power obtained from the hearth.
  • the tubes 7, 8 of the heat exchanger extend in a vertical direction substantially from the fluidization grid 2 to above the upper level 14 of the fluidized bed. In this latter operating state, at the maximum power of the hearth, the tubes 7, 8 are completely immersed in the fluidized bed; they then have their full efficiency in subtracting calories.
  • the tubes 7, 8 are strictly vertical for this result to be obtained; they can be tilted vertically; they may also have an appearance other than straight.
  • the tubes 7, 8 extend continuously at least from the lower level 13 of the fluidized bed and preferably from the fluidization grid 2 to the upper level 14 of the fluidized bed.
  • the manifold 10 can be omitted and the tubes 7, 8 can be directly connected to the cooling tubes 15 which line the wall of the radiation and convection chamber 16 placed above the fluidization chamber as is known.
  • the example described here shows that the invention is compatible with the use, known per se, of a heat exchanger with horizontal tubes 17 which are arranged in the vicinity of the lower level 13 of the fluidized bed.
  • a circuit 18 for recycling inert materials for example ash.
  • the level of the fluidized bed 2 rises at the same time as a dense turbulent zone develops so that the tubes 7, 8 have, simultaneously, an increasing efficiency.
  • the air jets exiting through the air injectors 12 improve the combustion in the part of the fluidized bed located below the ramp and modify the circulation currents inside the latter.
  • the air jets emitted by the air injectors 12 keep the solid particles inside the hearth for a longer time and reduce the size of the fraction of the partially burnt solid particles which escape prematurely from the hearth.
  • the combined means provided by the invention make it possible to maintain in the hearth a temperature of between 850 and 950 ° C. when the power is modified in the ratio from 1 to 4, for example by a variation of 1 m / s to 4 m / s of the speed of the gases passing through the fluidized bed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Wirbelbett-Verbrennungsofen mit veränderlicher thermischer Leistung, begrenzt durch eine Seitenwand (1), die einen inneren Bereich (6) und ein Fluidisationsgitter (2) umgibt, wobei das Wirbelbett im Verbrennungsofen eine unter der niedrigsten Leistung des Ofens liegende Grenzlinie (13) sowie eine über der maximalen Leistung des Ofens liegende Grenzlinie (14) aufweist, umfassend einen röhrenförmigen Wärmetauscher, dessen Röhren (7, 8) in vertikaler Richtung zumindest zwischen der unteren Grenzlinie (13) und der oberen Grenzlinie (14) verlaufen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Injektionsdüsen (12) zum Einblasen von zur Begrenzung des verbrennungsbereichs dienender Luft über der oberen Grenzlinie (14) nahe der Seitenwand (1) angeordnet und gegenüber der Senkrechten in einem Winkel (a) von 15° bis 75° geneigt auf den inneren Bereich (6) des Ofens gerichtet sind, wobei die gesamte Ausströmungsmenge der zur Begrenzung dienenden Luft, die durch diese Injektionsdüsen (12) eingeblasen wird, zwischen 5 % und 20 % der gesamten dem Ofen zugeführten Luftmenge einstellbar ist.
2. Ofen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Luftinjektionsdüsen (12) einen Neigungswinkel (a) von circa 60° haben.
3. Ofen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Winkel (a) der Luftinjektionsdüsen (12) einstellbar ist.
4. Ofen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Röhren (7, 8) des Wärmetauschers von der Nähe der Oberseite des Fluidisationsgitters (2) bis zur oberen Grenzlinie (14) des Wirbelbetts erstrecken.
5. Ofen nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Röhren (7, 8) des Austauschers vertikal zwischen einem unteren Sammelbehälter (9) für die Zufuhr eines Wärmeübertragungsfluids und einem oberen Sammelbehälter (10) für die Abgabe dieses Fluids erstrecken.
6. Ofen nach Anspruch 1 mit einer darüber angeordneten mit Kühlrohren (15) versehenen Wärmestrahlungs- und Konvektionskammer (16), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Röhren (7, 8) des Wärmetauschers mit den Kühlrohren (15) der Wärmestrahlungs- und Konvektionskammer (16) verbunden sind.
7. Ofen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Röhren (7, 8) des Wärmetauschers im gesamten Ofenraum verteilt sind.
8. Ofen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Röhren (7, 8) des Wärmetauschers in der Nähe der Seitenwand (1) angeordnet sind.
EP84402448A 1983-12-02 1984-11-29 Verbrennungsofen für Wirbelbettkessel Expired EP0147275B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84402448T ATE42390T1 (de) 1983-12-02 1984-11-29 Verbrennungsofen fuer wirbelbettkessel.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8319321 1983-12-02
FR8319321A FR2556075B1 (fr) 1983-12-02 1983-12-02 Foyer de combustion pour chaudiere a lit fluidise

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0147275A2 EP0147275A2 (de) 1985-07-03
EP0147275A3 EP0147275A3 (en) 1985-08-14
EP0147275B1 true EP0147275B1 (de) 1989-04-19

Family

ID=9294811

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84402448A Expired EP0147275B1 (de) 1983-12-02 1984-11-29 Verbrennungsofen für Wirbelbettkessel

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0147275B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS60248907A (de)
AT (1) ATE42390T1 (de)
AU (1) AU577073B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8406082A (de)
CA (1) CA1270706A (de)
DE (1) DE3477833D1 (de)
ES (1) ES538183A0 (de)
FR (1) FR2556075B1 (de)
IN (1) IN162288B (de)
ZA (1) ZA849114B (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2581161B1 (fr) * 1985-04-29 1988-04-08 Omnium Traitement Valorisa Chaudiere a lit fluidise
FR2591722B1 (fr) * 1985-12-18 1988-02-19 Charbonnages De France Generateur thermique a lit fluidise a moyens ameliores d'evacuation des cendres et de recuperation de chaleur
EP0319722A1 (de) * 1987-12-09 1989-06-14 Deutsche Kohle Marketing GmbH Steinkohlevertrieb-Wärmeversorgung Brennkammer für atmosphärische stationäre Wirbelschichtfeuerung
JP2835895B2 (ja) * 1992-04-17 1998-12-14 株式会社荏原製作所 分割型流動床水管ボイラ

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4314967A (en) * 1980-10-02 1982-02-09 Dorr-Oliver Incorporated Fluidized bed reactor with vertical cooling coils

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB858813A (en) * 1957-06-11 1961-01-18 Dingler Werke Ag An improved furnace for fluidised bed combustion of solid fuels
DE1401882A1 (de) * 1962-12-20 1969-06-26 Haniel & Lueg Gmbh Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Klaerschlamm und Wirbelschichtofen zur Durchfuehrung desselben
US3387590A (en) * 1967-03-16 1968-06-11 Interior Usa System for regulating the total heat output in a burning fluidized bed heat exchanger or boiler
DE1923725A1 (de) * 1968-05-10 1969-12-04 Rose Downs & Thompson Ltd Muellverbrennungsverfahren und Vorrichtung zu seiner Ausfuehrung
GB1311869A (en) * 1969-12-12 1973-03-28 Foster Wheeler Brown Boilers Steam boilers
US3907674A (en) * 1974-04-24 1975-09-23 Dorr Oliver Inc Fluid bed incineration of wastes containing alkali metal chlorides
US4338887A (en) * 1979-09-27 1982-07-13 Dorr-Oliver Incorporated Low profile fluid bed heater or vaporizer
US4312919A (en) * 1980-01-16 1982-01-26 Devanney John W Process of producing a non-agglomerating vanadium coated particle
JPS57122203A (en) * 1981-01-23 1982-07-30 Babcock Hitachi Kk Load control operation of fluidized bed boiler
FR2519877B1 (fr) * 1982-01-20 1986-10-31 Charbonnages De France Grille de fluidisation ainsi que foyer de combustion a grille inferieure de soufflage d'air et procede de traitement de matiere particulaire dans une chambre de fluidisation et/ou d'entrainement
US4449482A (en) * 1982-04-28 1984-05-22 Dorr-Oliver Incorporated Fluidized bed boilers

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4314967A (en) * 1980-10-02 1982-02-09 Dorr-Oliver Incorporated Fluidized bed reactor with vertical cooling coils

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES8603988A1 (es) 1986-01-01
JPH0235889B2 (de) 1990-08-14
JPS60248907A (ja) 1985-12-09
CA1270706A (fr) 1990-06-26
ZA849114B (en) 1985-07-31
FR2556075A1 (fr) 1985-06-07
FR2556075B1 (fr) 1988-08-19
ES538183A0 (es) 1986-01-01
IN162288B (de) 1988-04-23
BR8406082A (pt) 1985-09-24
ATE42390T1 (de) 1989-05-15
AU577073B2 (en) 1988-09-15
DE3477833D1 (en) 1989-05-24
EP0147275A3 (en) 1985-08-14
EP0147275A2 (de) 1985-07-03
AU3609184A (en) 1985-06-06

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