EP0143049A2 - Method for lapping conical surfaces, and lapping device for carrying out this method - Google Patents

Method for lapping conical surfaces, and lapping device for carrying out this method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0143049A2
EP0143049A2 EP84402306A EP84402306A EP0143049A2 EP 0143049 A2 EP0143049 A2 EP 0143049A2 EP 84402306 A EP84402306 A EP 84402306A EP 84402306 A EP84402306 A EP 84402306A EP 0143049 A2 EP0143049 A2 EP 0143049A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axis
abrasive surface
symmetry
lapping
around
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84402306A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0143049B1 (en
EP0143049A3 (en
Inventor
Jean-Marie Penato
Jacques Moal
Guy Chasselinat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric CGR SA
Original Assignee
General Electric CGR SA
Thomson CGR
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0143049A2 publication Critical patent/EP0143049A2/en
Publication of EP0143049A3 publication Critical patent/EP0143049A3/en
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Publication of EP0143049B1 publication Critical patent/EP0143049B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
    • B24B37/02—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working surfaces of revolution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
    • B24B5/14—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding conical surfaces, e.g. of centres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for lapping conical surfaces, enabling automatic polishing of rough conical or frustoconical surfaces, such as those presented for example after the deposition of a metallic layer; it also relates to a running-in device implementing this process.
  • This roughness is formed by a multitude of small peaks distributed at random and which correspond to the grain of the metal.
  • the surface When it is necessary to obtain a smooth surface, for example for an X-ray emitting target, the surface must be polished. If you machine the raw surface, you will notice that the deposited layer has become brittle. In particular it is no longer able to undergo high amplitude high frequency thermal cycles without cracking quickly.
  • abrasive grains come to wear the peaks of the metallic grains, but without producing a shock.
  • the tangential force exerted by the abrasive grains on the roughness of the surface is of low value, because the grain of abrasive is maintained by a binder or by a fluid, which itself offers a low resistance to tearing.
  • the process according to the invention makes it possible, without having the above-mentioned drawbacks, to carry out the automatic lapping of rough conical or frustoconical surfaces, by determining between an abrasive surface and the surface to be lapped relative movements such as wear by the abrasive is made with the same quality at all points of the conical surface.
  • a method for lapping conical surfaces in which friction is caused between a flat abrasive surface and the conical surface of at least one part having a main axis of symmetry according to which it is fixed to a workpiece support , the abrasive surface being in movement in a given mean direction with respect to the part and, in contact with the conical surface according to a generatrix thereof, this conical surface admitting as axis of revolution the main axis of symmetry of the part , is characterized in that the part being fixed free to rotate about its main axis of symmetry, it consists in moving the part circularly around a premler axis substantially perpendicular to the plane of the abrasive surface, so as to continuously modify an angle of friction formed between the generator in contact with the abrasive surface and the mean direction of the latter, and to allow under the effect of friction with the abrasive surface e, the rotation of the part around its main axis of symmetry at variable speeds and in
  • FIG 1 illustrates the operation of a lapping device 1 according to the invention, allowing the implementation of the method according to the invention.
  • the device 1 comprises, shown diagrammatically, a support for parts 2 capable of supporting n parts P 1 , ?? P n , by virtue of as many support arms B 1 , ?? B n ; n being in the nonlimiting example described limited to 2, the workpiece support 2 supports, thanks to a first and a second support arm B 1 , B 2, a first and a second workpiece P 1 , P 2 , having respectively a first and a a second conical surface 5 1 , S 2 .
  • These conical surfaces ues q S 1, S 2 are intended to be lapped by the method of the invention, an abrasive friction against planar surface 3, represented in Figure 1 by a straight broken lines.
  • the parts support 2 is provided with a main body 4, to which the first and the second support arms BI ′ B 2 are fixed by one of their ends.
  • the workpiece holder 2 comprises a axis of SYME - trie 5 which constitutes a first axis 5 of rotation, about which it is capable of rotational movement in one direction as shown by the first arrow 6; this first axis 5 being substantially perpendicular to the plane of the abrasive surface 3.
  • This workpiece support 2 is thus kept free in rotation above the abrasive surface 3, by means known in themselves such as for example, a bracket 7 comprising rolling means 8, in which a shaft 9 is maintained, itself secured to the main body 4.
  • the first and second support arms B 1 , B 2 are fixed by their other end, respectively to the first and to the second part P 1 , P 2 , by means of a first fixing means 10 provided with a rolling pin 11 arranged along a main axis of symmetry AS 1 , AS2 of each part; each main axis of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 being in the non-limiting example described, coincident with a longitudinal axis of the corresponding support arm B 1 , B 2 .
  • Each part P 1 , P 2 is thus maintained on the side of its base b 1 , b 2 on the one hand, free to rotate about its main axis of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 in a first or a second direction, as illustrated by the second and third arrows 13, 14, and on the other hand in contact by its conical surface S 1 , S 2 with the abrasive surface 3.
  • a first and a second angle ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 formed between the first axis of rotation 5 and each of the main axes of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 , are such that each conical surface S 1 , S 2 is in contact with the abrasive surface 3 according to a generator G 1 , G 2 of this conical surface, the two generators G 1 , G 2 thus being in the same plane; each conical surface S 1 , S 2 admitting as axis of revolution the main axis of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 of its part P 1 , P 2 .
  • the device 1 and the method according to the invention can run in a single conical or frustoconical surface (not shown), or simultaneously several of these surfaces having different geometries, or similar with angles of cones ⁇ 3 , ⁇ 4 equal as in the example described; if the angles of the cones ⁇ 3 , ⁇ 4 are different, the support arms B 1 , B 2 and the axes of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 with which they are respectively aligned, have a different angulation with respect to the first axis of rotation 5. This case is illustrated in FIG.
  • the desired angulation of a support arm B 1 , B 2 can be obtained in different ways, for example by acting on the attachment of this arm to the main body 4 of the workpiece support 2.
  • the support arms B 1 , B 2 are secured to the main body 4 by means of second fixing means 15, articulated around a pivot 16 and provided with locking means 17, allowing the support arms B 1 , B 2 to be maintained at the angles ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ; the support arms B 1 , B 2 being in the non-limiting example described of the telescopic type, thanks to a first tube 18 sliding in a second tube 19, allowing them to have an adjustable length L.
  • the support arms B I , B 2 also comprise an adjustable pushing force device 20, acting along the main axis of symmetry AS l , AS 2 or longitudinal axis of the support arms, making it possible to adjust the force according to which the part Pl, P 2 is in contact with the abrasive surface 3, and in particular making it possible to compensate for the wear of the conical surface S 1 , S 2 .
  • the pushing force device 20 may comprise, for example in a conventional manner, springs (not shown) whose action is adjustable by means of adjustment and blocking means 21, accessible by an opening 22 made in the second tube 19.
  • This device 20 can be secured for example to the first tube 18, so as also to allow the length L of a support arm B 1 , B 2 to be blocked.
  • the workpiece support 2 is coupled to drive means constituted, in the nonlimiting example described, by conventional autonomous motor means 25, for example by means of the shaft 9, in order to cause its rotation around the first axis 5, and thus cause a circular movement of the parts around this first axis; this circular movement taking place parallel to the plane of the abrasive surface 3, the latter also being set in motion by known means, not shown.
  • the second movement or circular movement of the part P 1 , P 2 is intended to continuously modify the value of an angle called the friction angle (not shown in Figure 1), formed between the line, called the generator in contact with the abrasive surface, and the mean direction A, this angle thus having values continuously variable between 0 and 360 ° for example, if the circular displacement is effected on 360 °; each of these values corresponding to a different mean friction direction (not shown) according to which the wear of the conical surface S 1 , S 2 takes place and, finally, its running-in.
  • the friction angle (not shown in Figure 1)
  • the rotation of the part P 1 , P 2 about its main axis of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 or third movement, is a consequence of the first two movements, due to the forces generated by the friction between the abrasive surface 3 and the surface conical S 1 , S 2 ; it should be noted that this rotation of the part is greater when the line or generator G 1 , G 2 of the conical surface S ,, S 2 in contact with the abrasive surface 3, is substantially perpendicular to the direction A of the surface abrasive, and tends to cancel out when this generator G 1 , G 2 is substantially parallel to this direction A.
  • this rotation of the part around its main axis of symmetry takes place at variable speeds and, in opposite directions 13, 14, as is further described in a continuation of the description relating to FIG. 2.
  • the purpose of this rotation or third movement being that, the line or generator G 1 , G 2 of the conical surface S 1 , S2 in contact with the abrasive surface 3, is constantly renewed, so as to avoid prolonged wear of this generator capable of generating facets (not shown) on the conical surface S 1 , S 2 .
  • Figure 2 illustrates a variant of the method according to the invention, and shows a top view, another version of the lapping device 1 according to the invention.
  • This version shows three pieces P 1 , P 21 P 3 to be lapped, arranged on a turntable 26.
  • This turntable is intended to be covered with an abrasive (not shown), either integral with the turntable 26, or suspended in a suitable fluid, in a known manner; for clarity of description, the horizontal surface 3 of this plate represents the abrasive surface 3 preced as described, and has the same reference as this one.
  • the plate 26 is rotated by conventional means (not shown), so as to rotate around a second axis of rotation 28, represented in the figure by a center of the rotating plate 26.
  • FIG. 2 being a top view
  • the three parts to be lapped are represented by their base b 1 , 2, b 3 and are arranged so that their conical surfaces (not visible in Figure 2), are in contact with the surface abrasive 3 of the turntable 26 according to their respective generators G 1 , G 2 , G 3 , as explained above; these generators G 1 , G 2 ' G 3 are represented by a dotted line, partially coincident in the plane of Figure 2 with the support arms B 1 , B 2' B 3 to which the parts P 1 , P 2 , P 3 are fixed free in rotation, as previously described.
  • the assembly formed by the parts P 1 , P 2 , P 3 to be ground in and the support for parts 2 is in equilibrium, and can rotate freely around its substantially vertical axis of symmetry 5, which constitutes the first axis 5 of rotation (represented in FIG. 2 by a point); this circular movement of the parts P 1 , P 2 ′ P 3 delimiting on the abrasive surface 3, a friction surface 40.
  • a crown 30 is disposed on the turntable 26, bearing by its wall 31 against rollers 32, so as to be able to rotate on itself, in a direction shown by a fourth arrow 33, around the first axis 5 of rotation; these rollers 32 being held in a fixed position relative to the center 28 of the turntable or second axis of rotation 28, by conventional mechanical means not shown.
  • This ring 30, whose first function may be to correct the flatness of the turntable 26, is arranged around the assembly formed by the parts P 1 , P 2 , P 3 to be ground in and the parts support 2, that is ie around the friction surface 40, its center being substantially coincident with the first axis 5 or axis of symmetry of the workpiece support 2; this axis of symmetry being maintained in a fixed position in space, by the bracket 7 for example (not shown in Figure 2).
  • the turntable 26 rotates in the direction of a fifth arrow 34 for example, and causes the rotation of the crown 30 on itself, due to the friction forces applied to it by the abrasive surface 3; this rotation of the crown 30 taking place in the direction shown by the fourth arrow 33, this direction also corresponding to that of the circular movement of the parts P 1 , P 21 P 3 to be run in around the first axis 5.
  • the running-in takes place according to the existing shape of the part P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , and makes it possible to conserve any undulations of the generator G 1 , G 2 , G 3 of the conical surface of a part that does not have perfect symmetry of revolution.
  • the reversal of the direction of rotation (13, 14) of the part rotating on itself can occur after the position where the generator G 1 in contact with the abrasive surface 3, is parallel to the mean direction A 1 , of the latter.
  • the parts P 1 , P 2 ' P 3 to be lapped are supported on the abrasive surface 3 or surface of the turntable, by gravity; but it is also possible to return to a configuration like that of FIG. 1, where the parts are in abutment on the abrasive surface 3 according to a calibrated force, using as crown and as drive means the crown 30.
  • the rotation of the turntable 26 causes the rotation of the crown 30 on itself as previously explained, and the workpiece support 2, integral with the crown 30, rotates with the latter around the first axis 5; the parts P 1 , P 2 , P 3 are thus driven in their circular displacement and rotate around their main axis of symmetry shown in FIG. 1, alternately in one direction 13 and in the other 14 as it was previously described;
  • this latter configuration allows the running in of a single piece, as in the example of FIG. 1, and avoids the use of the motor means 25 and of the bracket 7, the drive means thus being constituted by the abrasive surface and crown 3-30.
  • the lapping process according to the invention and the lapping device allowing its implementation are applicable to lapping of all conical or frustoconical surfaces, and allow both a considerable improvement in the quality of lapping and, a significant reduction costs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Abstract

1. A method of lapping conical surfaces wherein friction is produced between a plane abrasive surface (3) and the conical surface (S1 ) of at least one member (P1 ) having a principal axis of symmetry (AS1 ) in accordance with which it fixed to a support (2) for members, the abrasive surface (3) being moved in a mean given direction (A and A1 ) in relation to the member (P1 ) and, in contact with the conical surface (S1 ) admitting as the axis of revolution the principal axis of symmetry (AS1 ) of the member (P1 ), characterized in that, the member being mounted free in rotation around its principal axis (AS1 ) of symmetry, the method consists in displacing the member (P1 ) circularly around a first axis (5) which is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the abrasive surface (3) and which coincides with the axis of symmetry of the support (2) in such a manner as to continuously modify an angle of friction (alpha 5 ) formed between the generatrix (G1 ) in contact with the abrasive surface (3) and the mean direction (A and A1 ) of the latter, and permitting, under the effect of the friction with the surface (3), the rotation of the member (P1 ) around its principal axis (AS1 ) of symmetry at variable speeds and in alternating directions, as a function of the positions of the member (P1 ) in relation to the first axis (5).

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé de rodage de surfaces coniques, permettant de réaliser le polissage automatique de surfaces coniques ou tronconiques rugueuses, telles que présentées par exemple après le dépôt d'une couche métallique ; elle concerne également un dispositif de rodage mettant en oeuvre ce procédé.The invention relates to a method for lapping conical surfaces, enabling automatic polishing of rough conical or frustoconical surfaces, such as those presented for example after the deposition of a metallic layer; it also relates to a running-in device implementing this process.

Le dépôt de couche métallique sur substrat par méthode telle que par exemple, dépôt chimique en phase vapeur, électrolyse, dépôt sous vide, etc....., conduit à une surface rugueuse due à l'état de cristallisation du métal de la couche. Cette rugosité est formée d'une multitude de petits pics distribués au hasard et qui correspondent au grain du métal.The deposition of a metallic layer on a substrate by a method such as, for example, chemical vapor deposition, electrolysis, deposition under vacuum, etc., leads to a rough surface due to the state of crystallization of the metal of the layer. . This roughness is formed by a multitude of small peaks distributed at random and which correspond to the grain of the metal.

Lorsqu'il est nécessaire d'obtenir une surface lisse, par exemple pour une cible émettrice de rayons X, un polissage de la surface doit être effectué. Si l'on usine la surface brute, on s'aperçoit alors que la couche déposée s'est fragilisée. En particulier elle n'est plus apte à subir des cycles thermiques de forte amplitude à haute fréquence sans se fissurer rapidement.When it is necessary to obtain a smooth surface, for example for an X-ray emitting target, the surface must be polished. If you machine the raw surface, you will notice that the deposited layer has become brittle. In particular it is no longer able to undergo high amplitude high frequency thermal cycles without cracking quickly.

La raison semble en être la suivante : lorsque l'outil est approché de la surface en mouvement, il heurte le sommet d'un pic de métal et crée une tension au joint de grain correspondant, ce qui détermine une amorce de fissure. Dans le cas de certains métaux tels que le tungstène, les impuretés font l'objet d'une ségrégation aux joints de grains, entraînant une fragilité à ce niveau d'autant plus grande que les grains sont de grande dimension. Aussi le choc de l'outil et la force qu'il exerce sur l'extrémité du grain entraîne généralement une amorce de fissure au niveau du joint.The reason seems to be as follows: when the tool is approached to the moving surface, it strikes the top of a metal spike and creates a tension at the corresponding grain boundary, which determines a crack initiation. In the case of certain metals such as tungsten, the impurities are subject to segregation at the grain boundaries, causing fragility at this level all the greater as the grains are large. Also the impact of the tool and the force it exerts on the end of the grain generally leads to a crack initiation at the joint.

Une solution à ce problème consiste à effectuer un rodage préalable de la surface à polir. Dans ce cas des grains d'abrasif viennent user les pics des grains métalliques, mais sans produire de choc. De plus, la force tangentielle qu'exerce les grains d'abrasif sur les aspérités de la surface est de faible valeur, car le grain d'abrasif est maintenu par un liant ou par un fluide, qui offre lui-même une faible résistance à l'arrachement.One solution to this problem consists in carrying out a preliminary lapping of the surface to be polished. In this case, abrasive grains come to wear the peaks of the metallic grains, but without producing a shock. In addition, the tangential force exerted by the abrasive grains on the roughness of the surface is of low value, because the grain of abrasive is maintained by a binder or by a fluid, which itself offers a low resistance to tearing.

Actuellement une telle méthode de rodage n'est malheureusement applicable, que quand la surface à roder ou à polir est plane. Ainsi, pour certaines applications (par exemple l'anode d'un tube à rayon X), la surface est conique ou tronconique et il est difficile de la roder selon une génératrice du cône, sans faire apparaître de facettes et en respectant l'angle du cône ; le coût d'un tel rodage étant néanmoins très élevé du fait qu'il s'opère sous la main de l'homme.Currently, such a lapping method is unfortunately only applicable when the surface to be lapped or polished is flat. Thus, for certain applications (for example the anode of an X-ray tube), the surface is conical or frustoconical and it is difficult to grind it along a generatrix of the cone, without revealing facets and respecting the angle cone; the cost of such running in is nevertheless very high because it takes place under the hand of man.

Le procédé conforme à l'invention permet, sans présenter les inconvénients ci-dessus cités, de réaliser le rodage automatique de surfaces coniques ou tronconiques rugueuses, en déterminant entre une surface abrasive et la surface à roder des mouvements relatifs tels que l'usure par l'abrasif s'effectue avec une même qualité en tous points de la surface conique.The process according to the invention makes it possible, without having the above-mentioned drawbacks, to carry out the automatic lapping of rough conical or frustoconical surfaces, by determining between an abrasive surface and the surface to be lapped relative movements such as wear by the abrasive is made with the same quality at all points of the conical surface.

Selon l'invention, un procédé de rodage de surfaces coniques, dans lequel est provoqué un frottement entre une surface abrasive plane et la surface cônique d'au moins une pièce ayant un axe principal de symétrie selon lequel elle est fixée à un support de pièces, la surface abrasive étant en mouvement dans une direction moyenne donnée par rapport à la pièce et, en contact avec la surface cônique selon une génératrice de celle-ci, cette surface Conique admettant comme axe de révolution l'axe principal de symétrie de la pièce, est caractérisé en ce que la pièce étant fixée libre en rotation autour de son axe de symétrie principal, il consiste à déplacer la pièce circulairement autour d'un premler axe sensiblement perpendiculaire au plan de la surface abrasive, de manière à modifier continuement un angle de frottement formé entre la génératrice en contact avec la surface abrasive et la direction moyenne de cette dernière, et à permettre sous l'effet des frottements avec la surface abrasive, la rotation de la pièce autour de son axe de symétrie principal à des vitesses variables et dans des sens alternés, en fonction de la position de la pièce par rapport au premier axe.According to the invention, a method for lapping conical surfaces, in which friction is caused between a flat abrasive surface and the conical surface of at least one part having a main axis of symmetry according to which it is fixed to a workpiece support , the abrasive surface being in movement in a given mean direction with respect to the part and, in contact with the conical surface according to a generatrix thereof, this conical surface admitting as axis of revolution the main axis of symmetry of the part , is characterized in that the part being fixed free to rotate about its main axis of symmetry, it consists in moving the part circularly around a premler axis substantially perpendicular to the plane of the abrasive surface, so as to continuously modify an angle of friction formed between the generator in contact with the abrasive surface and the mean direction of the latter, and to allow under the effect of friction with the abrasive surface e, the rotation of the part around its main axis of symmetry at variable speeds and in alternating directions, depending on the position of the part relative to the first axis.

L'invention sera mieux comprise grâce à la description qui suit, et aux deux figures annexées parmi lesquelles :

  • - la figure 1 montre schématiquement, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, un agencement du dispositif de rodage de l'invention et une disposition d'éléments caractéristique du procédé conforme à l'invention ;
  • - la figure 2 montre plus en détail des mouvements relatifs entre des pièces à roder et une surface abrasive.
The invention will be better understood thanks to the description which follows, and to the two appended figures among which:
  • - Figure 1 shows schematically, by way of nonlimiting example, an arrangement of the lapping device of the invention and an arrangement of elements characteristic of the process according to the invention;
  • - Figure 2 shows in more detail relative movements between parts to be lapped and an abrasive surface.

La figure 1 illustre le fonctionnement d'un dispositif 1 de rodage conforme à l'invention, permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention. Le dispositif 1 comporte, représenté schématiquement, un support de pièces 2 capable de supporter n pièces P1,.....Pn, grâce à autant de bras supports B1,.....Bn; n étant dans l'exemple non limitatif décrit limité à 2, le support de pièces 2 supporte grâce à un premier et un second bras support B1, B2 une première et une seconde pièce P1,P2, ayant respectivement une première et une seconde surface conique 51,S2. Ces surfaces coni- ques S1,S2 sont destinées à être rodées selon le procédé de l'invention, par frottement contre une surface abrasive 3 plane, représentée sur la figure 1 par une droite en traits pointillés.Figure 1 illustrates the operation of a lapping device 1 according to the invention, allowing the implementation of the method according to the invention. The device 1 comprises, shown diagrammatically, a support for parts 2 capable of supporting n parts P 1 , ..... P n , by virtue of as many support arms B 1 , ..... B n ; n being in the nonlimiting example described limited to 2, the workpiece support 2 supports, thanks to a first and a second support arm B 1 , B 2, a first and a second workpiece P 1 , P 2 , having respectively a first and a a second conical surface 5 1 , S 2 . These conical surfaces ues q S 1, S 2 are intended to be lapped by the method of the invention, an abrasive friction against planar surface 3, represented in Figure 1 by a straight broken lines.

Le support de pièces 2 est muni d'un corps 4 principal, auquel sont fixés par une de leurs extrémités le premier et le second bras support BI' B2. Le support de pièces 2 comporte un axe de symé- trie 5 qui constitue un premier axe 5 de rotation, autour duquel il est capable d'un mouvement de rotation dans un sens tel que montré par la première flèche 6 ; ce premier axe 5 étant sensiblement perpendiculaire au plan de la surface abrasive 3. Ce support de pièces 2 est ainsi maintenu libre en rotation au-dessus de la surface abrasive 3, grâce à des moyens connus en eux-mêmes tels que par exemple, une potence 7 comportant des moyens de roulement 8, dans lesquels est maintenu un arbre 9, lui-même solidaire du corps principal 4.The parts support 2 is provided with a main body 4, to which the first and the second support arms BI ′ B 2 are fixed by one of their ends. The workpiece holder 2 comprises a axis of SYME - trie 5 which constitutes a first axis 5 of rotation, about which it is capable of rotational movement in one direction as shown by the first arrow 6; this first axis 5 being substantially perpendicular to the plane of the abrasive surface 3. This workpiece support 2 is thus kept free in rotation above the abrasive surface 3, by means known in themselves such as for example, a bracket 7 comprising rolling means 8, in which a shaft 9 is maintained, itself secured to the main body 4.

Le premier et le deuxième bras supports B1, B2 sont fixés par leur autre extrémité, respectivement à la première et à la seconde pièce P1, P2, grâce à un premier moyen de fixation 10 muni d'un axe de roulement 11 disposé selon un axe de symétrie principal AS1, AS2 de chaque pièce ; chaque axe de symétrie principal AS1, AS2 étant dans l'exemple non limitatif décrit, confondu avec un axe longitudinal du bras support B1, B2 correspondant.The first and second support arms B 1 , B 2 are fixed by their other end, respectively to the first and to the second part P 1 , P 2 , by means of a first fixing means 10 provided with a rolling pin 11 arranged along a main axis of symmetry AS 1 , AS2 of each part; each main axis of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 being in the non-limiting example described, coincident with a longitudinal axis of the corresponding support arm B 1 , B 2 .

Chaque pièce P1, P2 est ainsi maintenue du côté de sa base b1, b2 d'une part, libre en rotation autour de son axe de symétrie principal AS1, AS2 dans un premier ou un second sens, comme illustré par les seconde et troisième flèches 13, 14, et d'autre part en contact par sa surface conique S1, S2 avec la surface abrasive 3. Il est à noter également qu'un premier et un second angleα1,α2, formés entre le premier axe de rotation 5 et chacun des axes de symétrie principal AS1, AS2, sont tels que chaque surface conique S1, S2 est en contact avec la surface abrasive 3 selon une génératrice G1, G2 de cette surface conique, les deux génératrices G1, G2 étant ainsi dans un même plan ; chaque surface cônique S1, S2 admettant comme axe de révolution l'axe de symétrie principal AS1, AS2 de sa pièce P1, P2.Each part P 1 , P 2 is thus maintained on the side of its base b 1 , b 2 on the one hand, free to rotate about its main axis of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 in a first or a second direction, as illustrated by the second and third arrows 13, 14, and on the other hand in contact by its conical surface S 1 , S 2 with the abrasive surface 3. It should also be noted that a first and a second angle α 1 , α 2 , formed between the first axis of rotation 5 and each of the main axes of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 , are such that each conical surface S 1 , S 2 is in contact with the abrasive surface 3 according to a generator G 1 , G 2 of this conical surface, the two generators G 1 , G 2 thus being in the same plane; each conical surface S 1 , S 2 admitting as axis of revolution the main axis of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 of its part P 1 , P 2 .

Il est possible avec le dispositif 1 et le procédé conforme à l'invention, de roder une unique surface conique ou tronconique (non représentée), ou simultanément plusieurs de ces surfaces ayant des géométries différentes, ou semblables avec des angles de cônes α3, α4 égaux ainsi que dans l'exemple décrit ; si les angles de cônes α3, α4 sont différents les bras supports B1, B2 et les axes de symétrie AS1, AS2 avec lesquels ils sont respectivement alignés, présentent par rapport au premier axe de rotation 5 une angulation différente. Ce cas est illustré sur la figure 1 où la seconde pièce P2, représentée en traits pointillés et repérés P , comporte un angle de cône αa différent, sa surface cônique Sa ayant une nouvelle génératrice Ga également en contact avec la surface abrasive 3 ; son axe de symétrie principal ASa forme avec l'axe de rotation 5 un angleoαa différent du premier angle α1.It is possible with the device 1 and the method according to the invention, to run in a single conical or frustoconical surface (not shown), or simultaneously several of these surfaces having different geometries, or similar with angles of cones α 3 , α 4 equal as in the example described; if the angles of the cones α 3 , α 4 are different, the support arms B 1 , B 2 and the axes of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 with which they are respectively aligned, have a different angulation with respect to the first axis of rotation 5. This case is illustrated in FIG. 1 where the second part P 2 , represented in dotted lines and marked P, has a cone angle α a different, its conical surface S a having a new generator G a also in contact with the abrasive surface 3; its main axis of symmetry AS has an angleoαa with the axis of rotation 5 different from the first angle α 1 .

L'angulation désirée d'un bras support B1, B2 peut être obtenue de différentes manières, en agissant par exemple au niveau de la fixation de ce bras au corps principal 4 du support de pièces 2. A cette fin dans l'exemple non limitatif décrit, les bras supports B1, B2 sont solidarisés au corps principal 4 par l'intermédiaire de second moyens de fixation 15, articulés autour d'un pivot 16 et munis de moyens de blocage 17, permettant aux bras supports B1, B2 d'être maintenus selon les angles α1, α2 ; les bras supports B1, B2 étant dans l'exemple non limitatif décrit du type télescopique, grâce à un premier tube 18 coulissant dans un second tube 19, leur permettant d'avoir une longueur L ajustable.The desired angulation of a support arm B 1 , B 2 can be obtained in different ways, for example by acting on the attachment of this arm to the main body 4 of the workpiece support 2. For this purpose in the example non-limiting described, the support arms B 1 , B 2 are secured to the main body 4 by means of second fixing means 15, articulated around a pivot 16 and provided with locking means 17, allowing the support arms B 1 , B 2 to be maintained at the angles α 1 , α 2 ; the support arms B 1 , B 2 being in the non-limiting example described of the telescopic type, thanks to a first tube 18 sliding in a second tube 19, allowing them to have an adjustable length L.

Cette disposition permet grâce au réglage de l'angulation des bras supports B1, B2 d'imposer par rodage l'angle de cône α3,α4 des pièces P1, P2. Les bras support BI, B2 comportent en outre un dispositif réglable de force de poussée 20, agissant selon l'axe de symétrie principal ASl, AS2 ou axe longitudinal des bras supports, permettant d'ajuster la force selon laquelle la pièce Pl, P2 est en contact avec la surface abrasive 3, et permettant notamment de compenser l'usure de la surface cônique S1, S2. Le dispositif 20 de force de poussée peut comporter par exemple d'une manière classique, des ressorts (non représentés) dont l'action est ajustable grâce à un moyen de réglage et de blocage 21, accessible par une ouverture 22 pratiquée dans le second tube 19.This arrangement makes it possible, by adjusting the angulation of the support arms B 1 , B 2, to impose, by running in, the cone angle α 3 , α 4 of the parts P 1 , P 2 . The support arms B I , B 2 also comprise an adjustable pushing force device 20, acting along the main axis of symmetry AS l , AS 2 or longitudinal axis of the support arms, making it possible to adjust the force according to which the part Pl, P 2 is in contact with the abrasive surface 3, and in particular making it possible to compensate for the wear of the conical surface S 1 , S 2 . The pushing force device 20 may comprise, for example in a conventional manner, springs (not shown) whose action is adjustable by means of adjustment and blocking means 21, accessible by an opening 22 made in the second tube 19.

Ce dispositif 20 peut être solidaire par exemple du premier tube 18, de manière à permettre également un blocage de la longueur L d'un bras support B1, B2.This device 20 can be secured for example to the first tube 18, so as also to allow the length L of a support arm B 1 , B 2 to be blocked.

Dans cette première version du dispositif 1 selon l'invention, le support de pièces 2 est couplé à des moyens d'entraînement constitués, dans l'exemple non limitatif décrit, par des moyens moteurs 25 autonomes classiques, par l'intermédiaire par exemple de l'arbre 9, afin de provoquer sa rotation autour du premier axe 5, et entraîner ainsi un déplacement circulaire des pièces autour de ce premier axe ; ce déplacement circulaire s'effectuant parallèlement au plan de la surface abrasive 3, cette dernière étant également mise en mouvement par des moyens connus, non représentés.In this first version of the device 1 according to the invention, the workpiece support 2 is coupled to drive means constituted, in the nonlimiting example described, by conventional autonomous motor means 25, for example by means of the shaft 9, in order to cause its rotation around the first axis 5, and thus cause a circular movement of the parts around this first axis; this circular movement taking place parallel to the plane of the abrasive surface 3, the latter also being set in motion by known means, not shown.

Un tel agencement permet la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention, dans lequel le rodage de la surface conique S1, S2 d'une pièce P1, P2 est obtenu par une combinaison de mouvements de la pièce P1, P2 et de la surface abrasive 3 plane.Such an arrangement allows the implementation of the method according to the invention, in which the running-in of the conical surface S 1 , S 2 of a part P 1 , P 2 is obtained by a combination of movements of the part P 1 , P 2 and the flat abrasive surface 3.

La surface conique S1, S2 de la pièce Pl, P2 étant en appui sur la surface abrasive 3, selon la génératrice G1, G2 de cette surface conique S1, S2 comme il a été précédemment expliqué, le procédé selon l'invention consiste à provoquer et à permettre simultanément, les mouvements suivants :

  • - à provoquer un premier mouvement de la surface abrasive 3, selon une direction moyenne A donnée. Dans l'exemple non limitatif décrit ce premier mouvement de la surface abravise peut consister en un mouvement linéaire dans la direction A, pouvant être obtenu par exemple, par une bande abrasive fermée sur elle-même et tendue entre des rouleaux actionnés par des moyens d'entraînement traditionnels ; une telle installation étant tout à fait classique, elle n'est pas représentée sur la figure.
  • - à provoquer un second mouvement de la pièce P1, P2, consistant en un déplacement circulaire de celle-ci, autour d'un premier axe 5, comme il a été précédemment expliqué.
  • - à permettre un troisième mouvement de la pièce P1, P2, consistant en une rotation de celle-ci autour de son axe de symétrie principal AS1, AS2.
The conical surface S 1 , S 2 of the part P l , P 2 being in abutment on the abrasive surface 3, according to the generator G 1 , G 2 of this conical surface S 1 , S 2 as it was previously explained, the method according to the invention consists in simultaneously causing and allowing the following movements:
  • - to cause a first movement of the abrasive surface 3, in a given mean direction A. In the nonlimiting example described, this first movement of the abraviated surface can consist of a linear movement in the direction A, which can be obtained for example, by an abrasive band closed on itself and stretched between rollers actuated by means of 'traditional training; such an installation being entirely conventional, it is not shown in the figure.
  • - To cause a second movement of the part P 1 , P 2 , consisting of a circular displacement of the latter, around a first axis 5, as has been previously explained.
  • - to allow a third movement of the part P 1 , P 2 , consisting of a rotation of the latter around its main axis of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 .

Le second mouvement ou déplacement circulaire de la pièce P1, P2, a pour but de modifier en continu la valeur d'un angle dit angle de frottement (non représenté sur la figure 1), formé entre la ligne, dite génératrice en contact avec la surface abrasive, et la direction moyenne A, cet angle ayant ainsi des valeurs continuement variables entre 0 et 360° par exemple, si le déplacement circulaire s'effectue sur 360° ; chacune de ces valeurs correspondant à une direction moyenne de frottement (non représentée) différente selon laquelle s'effectue l'usure de la surface conique S1, S2 et, finalement son rodage.The second movement or circular movement of the part P 1 , P 2 , is intended to continuously modify the value of an angle called the friction angle (not shown in Figure 1), formed between the line, called the generator in contact with the abrasive surface, and the mean direction A, this angle thus having values continuously variable between 0 and 360 ° for example, if the circular displacement is effected on 360 °; each of these values corresponding to a different mean friction direction (not shown) according to which the wear of the conical surface S 1 , S 2 takes place and, finally, its running-in.

La rotation de la pièce P1, P2 autour de son axe de symétrie principal AS1, AS2 ou troisième mouvement, est une conséquence des deux premiers mouvements, du fait des forces engendrées par le frottement entre la surface abrasive 3 et la surface conique S1, S2 ; il est à remarquer que cette rotation de la pièce est plus forte quand la ligne ou génératrice G1, G2 de la surface conique S,, S2 en contact avec la surface abrasive 3, est sensiblement perpendiculaire à la direction A de la surface abrasive, et tend à s'annuler quand cette génératrice G1, G2 est sensiblement parallèle à cette direction A. Une conséquence de ceci est, que cette rotation de la pièce autour de son axe de symétrie principal s'effectue à des vitesses variables et, selon des sens 13, 14 opposés, ainsi qu'il est davantage décrit dans une suite de la description relative à la figure 2. Le but de cette rotation ou troisième mouvement étant que, la ligne ou génératrice G1, G2 de la surface conique S1, S2 en contact avec la surface abrasive 3, soit constamment renouvelée, de manière à éviter une usure prolongée de cette génératrice susceptible d'engendrer des facettes (non représentées) sur la surface conique S1, S2.The rotation of the part P 1 , P 2 about its main axis of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 or third movement, is a consequence of the first two movements, due to the forces generated by the friction between the abrasive surface 3 and the surface conical S 1 , S 2 ; it should be noted that this rotation of the part is greater when the line or generator G 1 , G 2 of the conical surface S ,, S 2 in contact with the abrasive surface 3, is substantially perpendicular to the direction A of the surface abrasive, and tends to cancel out when this generator G 1 , G 2 is substantially parallel to this direction A. One consequence of this is, that this rotation of the part around its main axis of symmetry takes place at variable speeds and, in opposite directions 13, 14, as is further described in a continuation of the description relating to FIG. 2. The purpose of this rotation or third movement being that, the line or generator G 1 , G 2 of the conical surface S 1 , S2 in contact with the abrasive surface 3, is constantly renewed, so as to avoid prolonged wear of this generator capable of generating facets (not shown) on the conical surface S 1 , S 2 .

La conséquence de cette combinaison de mouvements est un mouvement relatif entre la surface abrasive 3 et la surface conique S1, S2, qui assure, par un croisement des frottements, une usure régulière de l'ensemble de cette surface conique permettant d'obtenir des pièces P1, P2 ayant une parfaite symétrie de révolution après rodage.The consequence of this combination of movements is a relative movement between the abrasive surface 3 and the conical surface S 1 , S 2 , which ensures, by a crossover of friction, regular wear of the whole of this conical surface making it possible to obtain parts P 1 , P 2 having perfect symmetry of revolution after running in.

La figure 2 illustre une variante du procédé conforme à l'invention, et représente par une vue de dessus, une autre version du dispositif 1 de rodage selon l'invention.Figure 2 illustrates a variant of the method according to the invention, and shows a top view, another version of the lapping device 1 according to the invention.

Cette version montre trois pièces P1, P21 P3 à roder, disposées sur un plateau tournant 26. Ce plateau tournant est destiné à être recouvert d'un abrasif (non représenté), soit solidaire du plateau tournant 26, soit en suspension dans un fluide approprié, d'une manière connue ; pour plus de clarté de la description, la surface 3 horizontale de ce plateau représente la surface abrasive 3 précédemment décrite, et comporte le même repère que celle-ci. Le plateau 26 est entraîné en rotation par des moyens classiques (non représentés), de manière à tourner autour d'un second axe de rotation 28, représenté sur la figure par un centre du plateau tournant 26.This version shows three pieces P 1 , P 21 P 3 to be lapped, arranged on a turntable 26. This turntable is intended to be covered with an abrasive (not shown), either integral with the turntable 26, or suspended in a suitable fluid, in a known manner; for clarity of description, the horizontal surface 3 of this plate represents the abrasive surface 3 preced as described, and has the same reference as this one. The plate 26 is rotated by conventional means (not shown), so as to rotate around a second axis of rotation 28, represented in the figure by a center of the rotating plate 26.

La figure 2 étant une vue de dessus, les trois pièces à roder sont représentées par leur base b1, 2, b3 et sont disposées de manière que leurs surfaces coniques (non visibles sur la figure 2), soient en contact avec la surface abrasive 3 du plateau tournant 26 selon leurs génératrices respectives G1, G2, G3, ainsi qu'il a été expliqué précédemment; ces génératrices G1, G2' G3 sont représentées par un trait pointillé, partiellement confondu dans le plan de la figure 2 avec les bras supports B1, B2' B3 auxquels les pièces P1, P2, P3 sont fixées libres en rotation, comme il a été précédemment décrit. Dans l'exemple non limitatif décrit, l'ensemble formé par les pièces P1, P2, P3 à roder et le support de pièces 2 est en équilibre, et peut tourner librement autour de son axe de symétrie 5 sensiblement vertical, qui constitue le premier axe 5 de rotation (représenté sur la figure 2 par un point) ; ce déplacement circulaire des pièces P1, P2' P3 délimitant sur la surface abrasive 3, une surface de frottement 40.Figure 2 being a top view, the three parts to be lapped are represented by their base b 1 , 2, b 3 and are arranged so that their conical surfaces (not visible in Figure 2), are in contact with the surface abrasive 3 of the turntable 26 according to their respective generators G 1 , G 2 , G 3 , as explained above; these generators G 1 , G 2 ' G 3 are represented by a dotted line, partially coincident in the plane of Figure 2 with the support arms B 1 , B 2' B 3 to which the parts P 1 , P 2 , P 3 are fixed free in rotation, as previously described. In the nonlimiting example described, the assembly formed by the parts P 1 , P 2 , P 3 to be ground in and the support for parts 2 is in equilibrium, and can rotate freely around its substantially vertical axis of symmetry 5, which constitutes the first axis 5 of rotation (represented in FIG. 2 by a point); this circular movement of the parts P 1 , P 2 ′ P 3 delimiting on the abrasive surface 3, a friction surface 40.

Une couronne 30 est disposée sur le plateau tournant 26, en appui par sa paroi 31 contre des galets 32, de manière à pouvoir tourner sur elle-même, dans un sens montré par une quatrième flèche 33, autour du premier axe 5 de rotation ; ces galets 32 étant maintenus en position fixe par rapport au centre 28 du plateau tournant ou second axe de rotation 28, grâce à des moyens mécaniques classique non représentés.A crown 30 is disposed on the turntable 26, bearing by its wall 31 against rollers 32, so as to be able to rotate on itself, in a direction shown by a fourth arrow 33, around the first axis 5 of rotation; these rollers 32 being held in a fixed position relative to the center 28 of the turntable or second axis of rotation 28, by conventional mechanical means not shown.

Cette couronne 30, dont une première fonction peut être de corriger la planéité du plateau tournant 26, est disposée autour de l'ensemble formé par les pièces P1, P2, P3 à roder et le support de pièces 2, c'est-à-dire autour de la surface de frottement 40, son centre étant sensiblement confondu avec le premier axe 5 ou axe de symétrie du support de pièces 2 ; cet axe de symétrie étant maintenu en position fixe dans l'espace, par la potence 7 par exemple (non représentée sur la figure 2).This ring 30, whose first function may be to correct the flatness of the turntable 26, is arranged around the assembly formed by the parts P 1 , P 2 , P 3 to be ground in and the parts support 2, that is ie around the friction surface 40, its center being substantially coincident with the first axis 5 or axis of symmetry of the workpiece support 2; this axis of symmetry being maintained in a fixed position in space, by the bracket 7 for example (not shown in Figure 2).

En fonctionnement, le plateau tournant 26 tourne dans le sens d'une cinquième flèche 34 par exemple, et entraîne la rotation de la couronne 30 sur elle-même, en raison des forces de frottement que lui applique la surface abrasive 3; cette rotation de la couronne 30 s'effectuant dans le sens montré par la quatrième flèche 33, ce sens correspondant également à celui du déplacement circulaire des pièces P1, P21 P3 à roder autour du premier axe 5. Ce déplacement circulaire des pièces P1, P2, P3 à roder est obtenu, dans cette variante de l'invention, également grâce au frottement de la surface abrasive 3 sur les génératrices G1, G2, G3 des surfaces coniques ; cet effet étant correctement obtenu, quand au moins trois pièces P1, P2, P3 sont rodées simultanément.In operation, the turntable 26 rotates in the direction of a fifth arrow 34 for example, and causes the rotation of the crown 30 on itself, due to the friction forces applied to it by the abrasive surface 3; this rotation of the crown 30 taking place in the direction shown by the fourth arrow 33, this direction also corresponding to that of the circular movement of the parts P 1 , P 21 P 3 to be run in around the first axis 5. This circular movement of the parts P 1 , P 2 , P 3 to be lapped is obtained, in this variant of the invention, also thanks to the friction of the abrasive surface 3 on the generators G 1 , G 2 , G 3 of the conical surfaces; this effect being correctly obtained, when at least three parts P 1 , P 2 , P 3 are run in simultaneously.

Dans ce cas, le rodage s'effectue selon la forme existante de la pièce P1, P2, P3, et permet de conserver d'éventuelles ondulations de la génératrice G1, G2, G3 de la surface conique d'une pièce n'ayant pas une symétrie de révolution parfaite.In this case, the running-in takes place according to the existing shape of the part P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , and makes it possible to conserve any undulations of the generator G 1 , G 2 , G 3 of the conical surface of a part that does not have perfect symmetry of revolution.

L'usure des surfaces coniques s'accomplit comme il a été précédemment décrit, grâce à la combinaison des mouvements de la surface abrasive 3 et de la pièce P1, P2, P3. En prenant pour exemple successivement chacune des trois pièces, dans la position qu'elles occupent sur la figure 2, on remarque :

  • - pour la première pièce P1 : qu'une première direction moyenne A1 du mouvement de la surface abrasive 3 au niveau de la première génératrice G1, selon laquelle s'effectue l'usure, est sensiblement parallèle à cette première génératrice ; cette configuration tendant à annuler la rotation de la pièce ou troisième mouvement mentionné précédemment autour de son axe de symétrie principal (confondu avec le premier bras B1 sur la figure 2).
  • - pour la seconde pièce P 2 : on remarque qu'une seconde direction moyenne A2 du mouvement de la surface abrasive 3, au niveau de la seconde génératrice G2, forme avec cette dernière dans l'exemple non limitatif décrit un angle de frottement α5 permettant que le frottement de la surface abrasive détermine une rotation de la seconde pièce P2 autour de son axe de symétrie principal (confondu sur la figure 2 avec le bras B2) ; cette rotation de la pièce P2 s'effectuant dans un premier sens montré par la seconde flèche 13.
  • - pour la troisième pièce P3 : on remarque qu'une troisième direction moyenne A3 du mouvement de la surface abrasive 3, au niveau de la troisième génératrice G3, forme avec cette troisième génératrice un second angle de frottement α6 suffisant pour que la surface abrasive 3 détermine une rotation de cette troisième pièce P3 autour de son axe de symétrie principal (confondu avec un troisième bras support B3) ; cette rotation de la troisième pièce P3 s'effectuant dans un second sens de rotation, opposé au premier, montré par la seconde flèche 14.
The wear of the conical surfaces is accomplished as previously described, thanks to the combination of the movements of the abrasive surface 3 and of the part P 1 , P 2 , P 3 . Taking for example each of the three parts successively, in the position they occupy in FIG. 2, we note:
  • - For the first part P 1 : that a first mean direction A1 of the movement of the abrasive surface 3 at the level of the first generator G 1 , according to which the wear takes place, is substantially parallel to this first generator; this configuration tends to cancel the rotation of the part or third movement mentioned above around its main axis of symmetry (coincident with the first arm B 1 in FIG. 2).
  • - for the second part P 2: it is noted that a second mean direction A2 of the movement of the abrasive surface 3, at the level of the second generator G 2 , forms with the latter in the nonlimiting example described a friction angle α 5 allowing the friction of the abrasive surface determines a rotation of the second part P 2 around its main axis of symmetry (merged in FIG. 2 with the arm B 2 ); this rotation of the part P 2 taking place in a first direction shown by the second arrow 13.
  • - for the third part P 3 : it is noted that a third mean direction A 3 of the movement of the abrasive surface 3, at the level of the third generator G 3 , forms with this third generator a second angle of friction α 6 sufficient for the abrasive surface 3 determines a rotation of this third part P 3 around its main axis of symmetry (merged with a third support arm B 3 ); this rotation of the third part P 3 taking place in a second direction of rotation, opposite to the first, shown by the second arrow 14.

On peut remarquer également qu'en fonction de la vitesse de la surface abrasive 3 et, de la vitesse de rotation (troisième mouvement) acquise par la première pièce P1 par exemple, l'inversion du sens de rotation (13, 14) de la pièce tournant sur elle-même peut se produire après la position où la génératrice G1 en contact avec la surface abrasive 3, est parallèle à la direction moyenne A1, de cette dernière.It can also be noted that as a function of the speed of the abrasive surface 3 and, of the speed of rotation (third movement) acquired by the first part P 1 for example, the reversal of the direction of rotation (13, 14) of the part rotating on itself can occur after the position where the generator G 1 in contact with the abrasive surface 3, is parallel to the mean direction A 1 , of the latter.

Ces explications montrent que l'usure des surfaces coniques (non visibles sur la figure 2) s'effectue par un renouvellement des génératrices G1, G2, G3 en contact avec la surface abrasive 3, grâce à la rotation des pièces P1, P2, P3 autour de leur axe de symétrie principal, et montrent que le sens 13, 14 et la vitesse de cette rotation est fonction de la position de la pièce P1, P2, P3 par rapport au premier axe 5. Il est à remarquer en outre que la vitesse de rotation d'une pièce, varie également en fonction de sa distance (non représentée) au centre 28 du plateau tournant 26 ; ainsi par exemple la vitesse de rotation de la seconde pièce P2 est supérieure à celle de la troisième pièce P3, compte tenu des positions que ces pièces P1, P2 occupent sur le dessin de la figure 2.These explanations show that the wear of the conical surfaces (not visible in FIG. 2) is effected by a renewal of the generators G 1 , G 2 , G 3 in contact with the abrasive surface 3, by virtue of the rotation of the parts P 1 , P 2 , P 3 around their main axis of symmetry, and show that the direction 13, 14 and the speed of this rotation is a function of the position of the part P 1 , P 2 , P 3 relative to the first axis 5 It should also be noted that the speed of rotation of a part also varies as a function of its distance (not shown) from the center 28 of the turntable 26; thus for example the speed of rotation of the second part P 2 is greater than that of the third part P 3 , taking into account the positions which these parts P 1 , P 2 occupy in the drawing of FIG. 2.

Il est à noter en outre que le déplacement circulaire des pièces P1' P2, P3 autour du premier axe de rotation 5, est obtenu dans cet exemple grâce au frottement entre ces pièces et la surface abrasive 3 ; ceci permettant une mise en oeuvre simplifiée, qui ne nécessite pas l'utilisation des moyens moteurs 25 représentés sur la figure 1, les moyens d'entraînement 3-P1-P2-P3 étant dans cette version de l'invention, constitués par la surface abrasive 3 et les pièces P1, P2, P3.It should also be noted that the circular displacement of the parts P 1 ' P 2 , P 3 around the first axis of rotation 5, is obtained in this example thanks to the friction between these parts and the abrasive surface 3; this allowing a simplified implementation, which does not require the use of the motor means 25 shown in FIG. 1, the drive means 3-P 1 -P 2 -P 3 being in this version of the invention, constituted by the abrasive surface 3 and the parts P 1 , P 2 , P 3 .

Dans l'exemple qui vient d'être décrit, les pièces P1, P2' P3 à roder sont en appui sur la surface abrasive 3 ou surface du plateau tournant, par gravité ; mais il est également possible de revenir à une configuration comme celle de la figure 1, où les pièces sont en appui sur la surface abrasive 3 selon une force calibrée, en utilisant comme appui et comme moyen d'entraînement la couronne 30. A cet effet, il suffit de solidariser le support de pièces 2 avec la couronne 30, grâce à des moyens mécaniques courants, symbolisés sur la figure 2 par trois barres 36 représentées en traits pointillés.In the example which has just been described, the parts P 1 , P 2 ' P 3 to be lapped are supported on the abrasive surface 3 or surface of the turntable, by gravity; but it is also possible to return to a configuration like that of FIG. 1, where the parts are in abutment on the abrasive surface 3 according to a calibrated force, using as crown and as drive means the crown 30. For this purpose , it is sufficient to secure the workpiece support 2 with the crown 30, using common mechanical means, symbolized in FIG. 2 by three bars 36 shown in dotted lines.

Dans cette dernière configuration, la rotation du plateau tournant 26 entraîne la rotation de la couronne 30 sur elle-même ainsi qu'il a été précédemment expliqué, et le support de pièces 2, solidaire de la couronne 30, tourne avec celle-ci autour du premier axe 5 ; les pièces P1, P2, P3 sont ainsi entraînées dans leur déplacement circulaire et tournent autour de leur axe de symétrie principal montrés sur la figure 1, alternativement dans un sens 13 et dans l'autre 14 ainsi qu'il a été précédemment décrit ; cette dernière configuration permet le rodage d'une unique pièce, comme dans l'exemple de la figure 1, et évite l'utilisation des moyens moteurs 25 et de la potence 7, les moyens d'entraînement étant ainsi constitués par la surface abrasive et la couronne 3-30.In this latter configuration, the rotation of the turntable 26 causes the rotation of the crown 30 on itself as previously explained, and the workpiece support 2, integral with the crown 30, rotates with the latter around the first axis 5; the parts P 1 , P 2 , P 3 are thus driven in their circular displacement and rotate around their main axis of symmetry shown in FIG. 1, alternately in one direction 13 and in the other 14 as it was previously described; this latter configuration allows the running in of a single piece, as in the example of FIG. 1, and avoids the use of the motor means 25 and of the bracket 7, the drive means thus being constituted by the abrasive surface and crown 3-30.

Le procédé de rodage conforme à l'invention et le dispositif de rodage permettant sa mise en oeuvre, sont applicables au rodage de toutes surfaces coniques ou tronconiques, et permettent à la fois, une amélioration considérable de la qualité du rodage et, une diminution importante des coûts.The lapping process according to the invention and the lapping device allowing its implementation are applicable to lapping of all conical or frustoconical surfaces, and allow both a considerable improvement in the quality of lapping and, a significant reduction costs.

Claims (12)

1. Procédé de rodage de surfaces coniques, dans lequel est provoqué un frottement entre une surface abrasive (3) plane et la surface conique (S1) d'au moins une pièce (P1) ayant un axe principal de symétrie (AS1) selon lequel elle est fixée à un support de pièces (2), la surface abrasive (3) étant en mouvement dans une direction moyenne (A, A1) donnée par rapport à la pièce (P1) et, en contact avec la surface conique (S1) selon une génératrice (G1) de celle-ci, cette surface conique (S1) admettant comme axe de révolution l'axe de symétrie (AS1) principal de la pièce (P1), caractérisé en ce que la pièce (P1) étant fixée libre en rotation autour de son axe de symétrie principal (AS1), il consiste à déplacer la pièce (Pl) circulairement autour d'un premier axe (5) sensiblement perpendiculaire au plan de la surface abrasive (3), de manière à modifier continuement un angle de frottement (α5) formé entre la génératrice (G1) en contact avec la surface abrasive (3) et la direction moyenne (A, Al) de cette dernière, et à permettre sous l'effet des frottements avec la surface abrasive (3), la rotation de la pièce (P 1) autour de son axe de symétrie principal (ASI) à des vitesses variables et dans des sens alternés, en fonction de la position de la pièce (P1) par rapport au premier axe (5).1. Method for running in conical surfaces, in which friction is caused between a planar abrasive surface (3) and the conical surface (S 1 ) of at least one part (P 1 ) having a main axis of symmetry (AS 1 ) according to which it is fixed to a workpiece support (2), the abrasive surface (3) being in motion in a given mean direction (A, A 1 ) relative to the workpiece (P 1 ) and, in contact with the conical surface (S 1 ) along a generator (G 1 ) thereof, this conical surface (S 1 ) admitting as axis of revolution the main axis of symmetry (AS 1 ) of the part (P 1 ), characterized in that the part (P 1 ) being fixed free to rotate about its main axis of symmetry (AS 1 ), it consists in moving the part (P l ) circularly around a first axis (5) substantially perpendicular to the plane of the abrasive surface (3), so as to continuously modify a friction angle (α 5 ) formed between the generator (G 1 ) in contact with the abrasive surface (3 ) and the mean direction (A, A l ) of the latter, and to allow under the effect of friction with the abrasive surface (3), the rotation of the part (P 1 ) around its main axis of symmetry (AS I ) at variable speeds and in alternating directions, depending on the position of the part (P 1 ) relative to the first axis (5). 2. Procédé de rodage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le mouvement de la surface abrasive (3) consiste en un mouvement circulaire dans son plan, autour d'un second axe (28) différent du premier axe (5).2. Lapping method according to claim 1, characterized in that the movement of the abrasive surface (3) consists of a circular movement in its plane, around a second axis (28) different from the first axis (5). 3. Procédé de rodage selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le déplacement circulaire de la pièce (P1) autour du premier axe, sur la surface abrasive (3), engendre une surface de frottement (40) qui ne coupe pas le second axe (28).3. Lapping method according to claim 2, characterized in that the circular movement of the part (P 1 ) around the first axis, on the abrasive surface (3), generates a friction surface (40) which does not cut the second axis (28). 4. Procédé de rodage selon l'une des revendication précédentes caractérisé en ce que la force de contact entre la surface conique (S1) et la surface abrasive (3), est réglée en sollicitant la pièce (P1) selon son axe principal de symétrie (AS1).4. Lapping method according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the contact force between the conical surface (S 1 ) and the abrasive surface (3), is adjusted by biasing the part (P 1 ) along its main axis of symmetry (AS 1 ). 5. Procédé de rodage selon l'une des revendication 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à roder simultanément au moins trois pièces (Pl, P2, P3) formant avec le support de pièces (2), un ensemble en équilibre et en appui sur la surface abrasive (3) par gravité.5. Lapping method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it consists in simultaneously lapping at least three parts (P l , P 2 , P 3 ) forming with the workpiece support (2), a all balanced and supported on the abrasive surface (3) by gravity. 6. Dispositif de rodage de surfaces coniques, permettant le rôdage de la surface cônique (51) d'au moins une pièce (P1) par la mise en oeuvre du procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 5, comportant, un support de pièce (2) dont un axe de symétrie constitue un premier axe (5) vertical, un plateau tournant (26) muni d'une surface abrasive (3) plane et horizontale, entraînée en rotation sur elle-même dans son plan autour d'un second axe (28) parallèle au premier axe (5), le support de pièce (2) comportant au moins un bras support (B1) auquel est fixée une pièce (P1) selon un axe de symétrie principal (AS1) de la pièce (P1), grâce à un premier moyen de fixation (10), la pièce (Pl) étant en contact avec la surface abrasive (3) selon une génératrice (G 1) donnée de la surface conique (S1), caractérisé en ce que le support de pièce (2) est libre en rotation autour du premier axe (5) et coopère avec des moyens d'entraînement (25, 30-3, P1-P2-P3-3) pour entraîner sa rotation sur lui-même autour de ce premier axe (5), et en ce que les premiers moyens de fixation comportent un axe de roulement (11) grâce auquel la pièce (P1) est libre en rotation autour de son axe de symétrie principal (AS1).6. Lapping device for conical surfaces, allowing the pricking of the conical surface (51) of at least one part (P 1 ) by implementing the method according to one of claims 1 to 5, comprising, a workpiece support (2) of which an axis of symmetry constitutes a first vertical axis (5), a turntable (26) provided with a flat and horizontal abrasive surface (3), driven in rotation around itself in its plane around a second axis (28) parallel to the first axis (5), the workpiece support (2) comprising at least one support arm (B 1 ) to which a workpiece (P 1 ) is fixed along a main axis of symmetry (AS 1 ) of the part (P 1 ), by virtue of a first fixing means (10), the part (P l ) being in contact with the abrasive surface (3) according to a generator (G 1 ) given of the conical surface ( S 1 ), characterized in that the workpiece support (2) is free to rotate about the first axis (5) and cooperates with drive means (25, 30-3, P 1 -P 2 -P 3 - 3) to train s has rotation about itself around this first axis (5), and in that the first fixing means comprise a rolling axis (11) by which the part (P 1 ) is free to rotate about its axis of symmetry main (AS 1 ). 7. Dispositif de rodage selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le bras support (B1) est solidarisé au support de pièce (2) par des seconds moyens de fixation (15) articulés permettant d'ajuster un angle (α1) formé entre le premier axe (5) et l'axe de symétrie principal (AS 1) de la pièce (P 1).7. Lapping device according to claim 6, characterized in that the support arm (B 1 ) is secured to the workpiece support (2) by second fixing means (15) articulated for adjusting an angle (α 1 ) formed between the first axis (5) and the main axis of symmetry (AS 1 ) of the part (P 1). 8. Dispositif de rodage selon l'une des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le bras support (B1) a une longueur (L) ajustable.8. Lapping device according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the support arm (B 1 ) has an adjustable length (L). 9. Dispositif de rodage selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le bras support (B1) comporte un dispositif réglable de force de poussée (20).9. Lapping device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the support arm (B 1 ) comprises an adjustable pushing force device (20). 10. Dispositif de rodage selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'entraînement du support de pièces (2) sont constitués par des moyens moteurs (25) autonomes.10. Lapping device according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the drive means of the workpiece support (2) are constituted by autonomous motor means (25). 11. Dispositif de rodage selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'entraînement du support de pièces (2) sont constitués par la surface abrasive (3) en mouvement et au moins trois pièces (P1, P21 P3) rodées simultanément, le frottement de la surface abrasive (3) sur ces pièces (P1, P2' P3) déterminant la rotation du support de pièce (2).11. Lapping device according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the drive means of the workpiece support (2) consist of the abrasive surface (3) in motion and at least three workpieces (P 1 , P 21 P 3 ) run in simultaneously, the friction of the abrasive surface (3) on these parts (P 1 , P 2 ' P 3 ) determining the rotation of the part support (2). 12. Dispositif de rodage selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'entraînement du support de pièces (2) sont constitués par la surface abrasive (3) en mouvement et, une couronne (30) soumise au frottement de la surface abrasive (3).12. Lapping device according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the drive means of the workpiece support (2) are constituted by the abrasive surface (3) in motion and, a crown (30) subjected rubbing the abrasive surface (3).
EP19840402306 1983-11-18 1984-11-13 Method for lapping conical surfaces, and lapping device for carrying out this method Expired EP0143049B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8318401 1983-11-18
FR8318401A FR2555087B1 (en) 1983-11-18 1983-11-18 LAPPING METHOD FOR CONICAL SURFACES AND LAPPING DEVICE IMPLEMENTING THIS METHOD

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EP0143049A2 true EP0143049A2 (en) 1985-05-29
EP0143049A3 EP0143049A3 (en) 1986-12-03
EP0143049B1 EP0143049B1 (en) 1989-09-13

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DE (1) DE3479712D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2555087B1 (en)

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CN102513886A (en) * 2011-12-30 2012-06-27 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 Sharpening method of double-conical diamond raster notching tool
CN113927379B (en) * 2021-10-29 2022-10-11 三门核电有限公司 Method for repairing valve seat of electromagnetic valve and electromagnetic valve

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2026429A (en) * 1932-09-30 1935-12-31 Norton Co Lapping machine
GB596127A (en) * 1945-07-19 1947-12-29 Edwin Massey Wingfield Improvements in or relating to grinding apparatus
FR1077081A (en) * 1953-03-20 1954-11-04 Device for polishing hard materials with a narrow surface
US3641991A (en) * 1970-04-27 1972-02-15 Arno Haber Ceramic ware deburring machine and dressing heads
FR2350924A1 (en) * 1976-05-14 1977-12-09 Shc MACHINE FOR POLISHING THE INTERIOR SURFACE OF A MOLD
US4319967A (en) * 1979-11-01 1982-03-16 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Fabrication of palladium anode for X-ray lithography

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2026429A (en) * 1932-09-30 1935-12-31 Norton Co Lapping machine
GB596127A (en) * 1945-07-19 1947-12-29 Edwin Massey Wingfield Improvements in or relating to grinding apparatus
FR1077081A (en) * 1953-03-20 1954-11-04 Device for polishing hard materials with a narrow surface
US3641991A (en) * 1970-04-27 1972-02-15 Arno Haber Ceramic ware deburring machine and dressing heads
FR2350924A1 (en) * 1976-05-14 1977-12-09 Shc MACHINE FOR POLISHING THE INTERIOR SURFACE OF A MOLD
US4319967A (en) * 1979-11-01 1982-03-16 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Fabrication of palladium anode for X-ray lithography

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0143049B1 (en) 1989-09-13
FR2555087B1 (en) 1987-10-09
FR2555087A1 (en) 1985-05-24
EP0143049A3 (en) 1986-12-03
DE3479712D1 (en) 1989-10-19

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