EP1419419A2 - Clockwork movement and part - Google Patents

Clockwork movement and part

Info

Publication number
EP1419419A2
EP1419419A2 EP02753168A EP02753168A EP1419419A2 EP 1419419 A2 EP1419419 A2 EP 1419419A2 EP 02753168 A EP02753168 A EP 02753168A EP 02753168 A EP02753168 A EP 02753168A EP 1419419 A2 EP1419419 A2 EP 1419419A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cage
axis
frame
escapement
exhaust
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02753168A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1419419B1 (en
Inventor
Robert Greubel
Stephen Forsey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GFPI SA
Original Assignee
Complitime SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Complitime SA filed Critical Complitime SA
Priority to EP02753168A priority Critical patent/EP1419419B1/en
Publication of EP1419419A2 publication Critical patent/EP1419419A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1419419B1 publication Critical patent/EP1419419B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
    • G04B17/285—Tourbillons or carrousels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device of the tourbillon type intended to equip a timepiece movement of the type comprising a frame and a gear train as well as to a movement or timepiece provided with such a tourbillon.
  • This device is a device intended to average walking in vertical positions. It comprises, for this purpose, a cage pivotally mounted on the frame, in general an assembly formed by a bridge and a plate and, pivotally mounted on this cage, a spiral balance and an exhaust comprising in particular an exhaust mobile fitted with a wheel and a pinion.
  • the cage comprises a cage gear, kinematically connected to the gear train of the timepiece, in general to the average wheel.
  • a toothed wheel mounted on the frame, meshes with the exhaust pinion.
  • the aim of the present invention is to propose a tourbillon for a timepiece making it possible to appreciably reduce the walking differences between the horizontal and vertical positions, without having to reduce the diameter of the balance wheel, while maintaining a thickness of movement. compatible with a pocket watch or a wristwatch.
  • a tourbillon intended to equip a timepiece movement of the type comprising a frame and a gear train as well as a pivoting cage on said frame carrying the balance wheel and the escapement.
  • This tourbillon is characterized by the characteristics set out in claims 1 to 17.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece or a timepiece movement as claimed in claim 18.
  • the device, object of the invention is intended to equip a timepiece movement comprising a frame and a finishing cog.
  • This tourbillon is distinguished by:
  • This escapement cage comprising a cage gear coaxial with the axis B-B meshing with a mobile mounted on the frame;
  • the exhaust pinion is engaged with a toothing mounted on the frame and located in a plane perpendicular to the axis B-B of rotation of the exhaust holder cage.
  • Said angle a other than 90 °, can be between 20 ° and 70 ° and is preferably equal to 30 °.
  • the balance and the movable parts of the escapement can pivot along axes parallel to the axis B-B of rotation of the escapement cage.
  • the teeth mounted on the frame and which is engaged with the exhaust pinion is either integral with said frame, or carried by a large cage pivoted on this frame around an axis AA forming an angle different from 90 ° with the axis BB of rotation of the exhaust cage.
  • This vortex-type device is arranged so that, under the effect of the torque applied by the gear train on the cage gear of the cage
  • the large cage rotates around the first axis AA at a first angular speed
  • the exhaust pipe cage rotates around the second axis BB at a second angular speed defined by the ratio of the numbers of teeth that the gear comprises cage of the large cage and the toothing of the mobile mounted on the frame, the second axis BB defining the envelope of a cone of axis coincident with the first axis AA, or axis of rotation of the large cage.
  • the angle at the top of the cone generated by the second axis BB, or axis of rotation of the escapement cage is advantageous for the angle at the top of the cone generated by the second axis BB, or axis of rotation of the escapement cage, to be equal to or less than 90 ° .
  • the most favorable conditions are obtained for an angle at the apex close to 60 °, generally between 20 and 70 °.
  • the escapement cage of the tourbillon according to the invention can make a revolution in one minute. In this particular case, it is advantageous for the large cage to make a turn in a time of between 4 and 10 minutes for example.
  • the teeth of the mobile mounted on the frame are conical at the same angle at the top as the cone defined by the second axis.
  • FIG. 4 shows the escapement cage of the biaxial tourbillon equipped with the balance and the escapement.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the biaxial vortex in a variant where the cages are pivoted in overhang.
  • FIG. 1 represents a portion of watch movement, with:
  • a frame comprising, visible in the drawing, a plate 10 and a bridge 12, which are provided with stones each forming a bearing 14,
  • a biaxial vortex 16 mounted to pivot about an axis A-A on the bearings 14, and
  • the tourbillon 16 has two cages 20 and 22.
  • the large cage 20 is illustrated in detail in FIGS. 2 and 3. It is mounted on the bearings 14.
  • the plate 10 is provided with a drop 24, surrounding the hole where the bearing 14 is housed, which carries an annular wheel plate 25, comprising a second conical toothing 25a, the function of which will be specified below.
  • This plate 25 is fixed by means not shown in the drawing, for example by driving or screwing.
  • the drop 24 is provided with a lateral opening 26 allowing the passage of the middle wheel 18.
  • the large cage 20 comprises:
  • the parts 28 and 30 each include a middle portion, in the form of a bar identified by the letter a, and two uprights identified by the letter b, the j ends of the uprights 28b and 30b being fixed in pairs, by means of the screws.
  • the bars 28a and 30a and the uprights 28b and 30b define a substantially rectangular opening 46, the width and height of which are chosen so that the exhaust cage 22 can be housed there and rotate there freely, as will be explained further.
  • the two shafts 34 and 36 each comprise a pivot identified by the letter a and intended to be engaged in one of the bearings 14, and a plate identified by the letter b.
  • the plates 34b and 36b are respectively attached and fixed, for example by driving or screwing, to the middle part of the bars 28a and 30a.
  • the shaft 34 carries, in addition, a first cage pinion 45 fixed by driving out and intended to mesh with the medium wheel 18.
  • the lower support 40 has a truncated pyramidal shape, with an apex angle of approximately 120 °.
  • One of the faces 40a of the pyramid is placed in abutment against the internal face of the bar 28a, the support 40 being fixed there by the screws 44.
  • the base of the pyramid comprises a recess whose bottom is pierced with a cylindrical hole , of axis BB, which opens onto the truncated face and inside which is chased a bearing 47 intended to receive the escapement cage 22.
  • the base of the pyramid carries a board 48, provided with a first toothing 48a at its periphery and coaxial with the bearing 47, the function of which will be specified below. As shown in the drawing, the board 48 is fixed to the support 40 by driving or screwing into the recess, this board is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis B-B.
  • the upper support 42 comprises a protuberance 42a provided with a cylindrical hole in which a bearing 50 is driven, coaxial with the bearing 47 and also intended to receive the exhaust-holder cage 22.
  • the exhaust cage 22, shown in detail and equipped in FIG. 4, comprises a frame formed by two parts, one lower 52, the other upper 54 connected together by means of screws 56.
  • Parts 52 and 54 each comprise a median portion in the form of a bar identified by the letter a and two uprights identified by the letter b, the ends of the uprights 52b and 54b being fixed two by two by the screws 56 (FIG. 1).
  • the exhaust cage also includes:
  • a lower shaft 60 mounted on the external face of the middle portion 52a, fixed in its central part by means of a plate 60a, and which comprises a pivoting 60b and a toothing at the end forming a pinion of cage 60c exhaust pipe, and
  • an upper shaft 62 mounted on the outer face of the middle portion 54a, fixed in its central part by means of a plate 62a and provided with a pivot 62b.
  • the middle portions 52a and 54a are pierced with a hole identified by the letter ç, with an axis coincident with the axis B-B. j
  • the shafts 60 and 62 are fixed on the parts 52 and 54 by means of screws 64, diagrammatically shown.
  • the pivot 60b and the pivot 62b are coaxial and oriented along the axis B-B. They are intended to be respectively engaged in the bearings 47 and 50 of the large cage 20, to ensure the rotation of the escapement cage 22 in the large cage 20.
  • the second cage pinion 60c is arranged so that it meshes with the second toothing 25a of the board 25, integral with the frame 10.
  • the escapement cage 22 carries a balance 66 provided with a hairspring not shown in the drawing, an anchor 68 and an exhaust mobile 70 comprising a pinion 70a and a wheel 70b, the latter cooperating with the anchor 68 to maintain the pendulum movement 66. All these mobiles are pivoted on the escapement cage 22 along axes which are parallel to each other and relative to the axis BB of rotation of this cage 22.
  • the pendulum 66 pivots about an axis concentric with the axis BB, in two bearings 72 and 73 mounted one 72 in the hole 52c of the middle portion 52a, the other 73 in the hole 54c of the middle portion 54a.
  • the exhaust bridges 58 and 59 each comprise a bearing 74, in which the exhaust mobile 70 pivots.
  • the pinion 70a is arranged, so that its teeth protrude from the lower surface of the middle portion 52a, to allow its meshing with the first toothing 48a of the board 48 of the large cage 20.
  • the mounting of a tourbillon as described begins with the assembly of the constituent parts of the escapement cage 22, and more particularly the driving of the bearings 72 and 73 and the fixing of the shafts 60 and 62.
  • the exhaust bridge 58 is put in place, then the exhaust mobile 70 and the anchor 68, and finally the exhaust bridge 59, so that the components of the exhaust can pivot in their bearings.
  • the pendulum 66 is then engaged by its lower pivot in the bearing 72, then positioned by the fixing of the upper part 54 on the lower part 52, the upper pivot of the balance being engaged in the bearing 73.
  • the two parts 52 and 54 are assembled by means of the screws 56.
  • the starting can then be carried out in a conventional manner, by subjecting the exhaust mobile 70 to an engine torque, on an appropriate fitting.
  • the escapement cage 22 can then be placed in the lower part 28 of the large cage 20, the pivot 60b being engaged in the bearing 47.
  • the part upper 30 is then fixed by means of screws 32 on the lower part 28, the pivot 62b being engaged in the bearing 50.
  • the vortex 16 is thus finished and can be placed on the frame, between the plate 10 and the bridge 12, the pivots 34a and 36a each being engaged in one of the bearings 14.
  • the medium wheel 18 subjects the large cage 20 to a driving torque, by meshing with the first cage pinion 45.
  • This torque can only generate a rotation of the large cage 20 if the second cage pinion 60c rolls on the second toothing 25a of the board 25, that is to say that the escapement cage 22 rotates about the axis BB.
  • the toothing of the exhaust pinion 70a is in prijse with the toothing of the first board 48, this movement is not possible
  • the axis BB scans the envelope of a cone of axis AA, whose angle at the apex is approximately equal to 60 °, that is to say twice the angle a that make the axes AA and BB together.
  • the pendulum axis has an average inclination of between 20 ° and 70 ° approximately, which considerably reduces the differences in running between the positions.
  • the angle at the top of the cone can vary depending on the construction of the watch. The higher the angle, the more space the cage 22 occupies in thickness, unless the diameter of the pendulum 66 is reduced. The tests carried out seem to show that the optimum is in the range of 40 ° to 140 ° for the angle at the top, and more precisely in the vicinity of 60 °.
  • the second conical toothing 25a of the wheel 25 has an apex angle equal to that of the cone generated by the rotation of the axis BB around l 'axis AA.
  • the tourbillon as described, can of course be the subject of numerous variants without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the cage pinions 45 and 60c could be replaced by wheels meshing respectively with a mobile of the gear train and with the board 25, which would then advantageously be provided with internal toothing. This makes it possible to obtain an opposite direction of rotation of the two cages.
  • the pinion 60c which could include a conical toothing, the toothing 25a of the wheel 25 then being straight. It is also possible to distribute the taper between the two teeth.
  • the axes of the mobiles of the gear train are parallel to the axis A-A of rotation of the first cage, which could not be the case in other variants.
  • the rotational speeds of the cages 20 and 22 can be equal or different.
  • the direction of rotation of the cages 20 and 22 can be the same or opposite.
  • the large cage has only a lower portion 28 pivoted overhanging on the frame 10 by a bearing 14 following the axis AA parallel to the axes of the mobiles of the gear train.
  • This lower part 28 of the large cage 20 carries, as in the first embodiment, a lower support 40 pierced with an axis hole BB inside which is driven a bearing 47 intended to receive the carrier cage exhaust 22.
  • the exhaust holder cage 22 also has only its lower part 52 and is pivoted in overhang on the large cage 20 by its lower shaft 60 carrying at the end the second cage pinion 60c meshing with the second toothing 25a secured to the frame 10.
  • This variant makes it possible to achieve the same advantages of the tourbillon while having a reduced bulk.
  • the tourbillon type device also includes a large cage 20 and an escapement cage 22 as described in the first embodiment or its variant, and the exhaust pinion 70a is also in engagement with the first toothing 48a disposed in a plane perpendicular to the axis (BB) of the escapement cage.
  • this toothing 48a is carried by a board 48 mounted on the pyramidal base 40 of the large cage 20 concentrically with the axis BB of the escapement cage 22.
  • the first cage pinion 45 of the large cage is as previously engaged with the wheel 18 of the finishing mobile generally the average mobile.
  • the large cage is designed as a carousel and the cage pinion 60c of the escapement cage is engaged with one of the wheels 80a of a mobile 80 pivoted on the frame 10, the second wheel 80b of which is it engaged with a second wheel 18a of the finishing mobile.
  • the device comprises a vortex comprising in fact only one cage, the escapement cage pivoted in an inclination relative to the frame 10, and the large cage 20 forms a carousel which carries i
  • the escapement cage in its rotation controlled by the driving train of the movement.
  • FIG. 7 is a simplified version of the tourbillon comprising only one escapement cage 22 pivoted in an inclined manner on the frame 10 by its shaft 60.
  • the frame 10 secured to the inclined support 40 comprising the first peripheral toothing 48a situated in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation BB of the escapement cage 22.
  • This axis BB forms an angle a with a direction parallel to the axis of the finishing mobile 18.
  • the shaft 60 of this cage 22 is pivoted in bearings 47 and 47a of the frame 10 and the cage pinion 60c of the escapement cage 22 is engaged with the finishing wheel 18.
  • the exhaust pinion 70a is engaged with the first toothing 48a carried by the support 40 of the frame 10.
  • the balance and the exhaust pivots in the escapement cage 22 could be of the Prendel type.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Stepping Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a clockwork part movement comprising a frame (10, 12) and a finish clock train. Said movement includes two carriages, one (20) being mounted on the frame (10) and pivoting about an axis (A-A) perpendicular to the plane of the movement, the other (22) mounted in the first carriage (20), pivoting about an axis (B-B), which defines the envelope of a cone with its axis merging with the first axis (A-A).

Description

Mouvement et pièce d'horlogerie Movement and timepiece
La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif du genre tourbillon destiné à équiper un mouvement de pièce d'horlogerie du type comportant un bâti et un rouage de finissage ainsi qu'à un mouvement ou pièce d'horlogerie munie d'un tel tourbillon.The present invention relates to a device of the tourbillon type intended to equip a timepiece movement of the type comprising a frame and a gear train as well as to a movement or timepiece provided with such a tourbillon.
Ce dispositif est un dispositif destiné à moyenner la marche dans les positions verticales. Il comporte, à cet effet, une cage montée pivotante sur le bâti, en général un ensemble formé d'un pont et d'une platine et, montés pivotant sur cette cage, un balancier spiral et un échappement comportant notamment un mobile d'échappement muni d'une roue et d'un pignon.This device is a device intended to average walking in vertical positions. It comprises, for this purpose, a cage pivotally mounted on the frame, in general an assembly formed by a bridge and a plate and, pivotally mounted on this cage, a spiral balance and an exhaust comprising in particular an exhaust mobile fitted with a wheel and a pinion.
La cage comporte un engrenage de cage, relié cinématiquement au rouage de finissage de la pièce d'horlogerie, en général à la roue de moyenne. Une roue dentée, montée sur le bâti, engrène avec le pignon d'échappement. De la sorte, chaque fois que le balancier se trouve en position pour recevoir une impulsion motrice de l'échappement, le couple appliqué par la roue de moyenne sur l'engrenage de cage fait légèrement tourner la cage, l'impulsion au balancier étant donnée par l'échappement dont le mobile tourne par engrènement de son pignon avec la roue dentée. Les roues et pignons sont, en général, agencés et nombres de manière à ce que le tourbillon effectue un tour par minute. Ainsi, lorsque la pièce d'horlogerie est disposée verticalement, la position du point mort du balancier fait donc un tour par minute, ce qui moyenne les écarts de marche dans les positions verticales. Par contre, le décalage entre positions horizontales et verticales subsiste. Pour pallier cet inconvénient, l'horloger allemand Walter Prendel (Groitzsch,The cage comprises a cage gear, kinematically connected to the gear train of the timepiece, in general to the average wheel. A toothed wheel, mounted on the frame, meshes with the exhaust pinion. In this way, each time the balance wheel is in position to receive a driving impulse from the exhaust, the torque applied by the medium wheel to the cage gear causes the cage to turn slightly, the impulse to the balance wheel being given. by the exhaust, the mobile of which rotates by meshing its pinion with the toothed wheel. The wheels and pinions are, in general, arranged and numbers so that the vortex makes one revolution per minute. Thus, when the timepiece is arranged vertically, the dead center position of the balance therefore rotates one minute, which averages the deviations in the vertical positions. However, the gap between horizontal and vertical positions remains. To overcome this drawback, the German watchmaker Walter Prendel (Groitzsch,
Allemagne) a réalisé une montre de poche dans laquelle l'axe du balancier fait un angle de 30° avec celui de la cage du tourbillon et ceux des autres mobiles de la montre. De la sorte, la position du balancier varie de 30 à 60° au maximum lorsque la montre est soit en position verticale, soit en position horizontale. Or, si les tests de marche des montres sont effectués en les plaçant dans différentes positions horizontales et verticales, les orientations sont, par contre, quelconques lors du porter. Le problème posé ci-dessus est donc modifié. Par ailleurs, pour pouvoir entretenir le mouvement du balancier, les composants de l'échappement sont aussi inclinés par rapport à l'axe de la cage, l'angle d'inclinaison des axes de ces mobiles allant croissant de la roue d'échappement au balancier. Une telle solution est difficile à maîtriser du point de vue technique et les conditions de travail de l'échappement sont peu favorables.Germany) produced a pocket watch in which the pendulum axis makes an angle of 30 ° with that of the tourbillon cage and those of the other watch mobiles. In this way, the position of the balance varies from 30 to 60 ° maximum when the watch is either in the vertical position or in the horizontal position. But if the walking tests of the watches are carried out by placing them in different horizontal and vertical positions, the orientations are, however, arbitrary during wearing. The problem posed above is therefore modified. Furthermore, in order to be able to maintain the movement of the balance wheel, the components of the escapement are also inclined relative to the axis of the cage, the angle of inclination of the axes of these moving parts increasing from the escape wheel to the balance. Such a solution is difficult to master from a technical point of view and the working conditions of the exhaust are not very favorable.
La revue "Alte Uhre" 4/79 a publié un article présentant une pendulette munie d'un tourbillon tournant simultanément autour de deux axes orthogonaux, de telle sorte que l'axe du balancier balaye pratiquement tout l'espace. Une telle solution permet, certes, d'obtenir l'effet escompté, mais est inapplicable dans une montre, car cela conduit à une épaisseur du mouvement très importante, même avec un balancier de faible diamètre. Un tel perfectionnement ne peut donc qu'affecter la précision de la montre et/ou engendrer une surépaisseur sans commune mesure avec l'amélioration souhaitée.The review "Alte Uhre" 4/79 published an article presenting a pendulum provided with a tourbillon rotating simultaneously around two orthogonal axes, so that the axis of the pendulum sweeps practically all the space. Such a solution certainly makes it possible to obtain the expected effect, but is inapplicable in a watch, because this leads to a very large thickness of the movement, even with a small diameter pendulum. Such an improvement can therefore only affect the precision of the watch and / or generate an excess thickness without commensurate measurement with the desired improvement.
On connaît encore de la revue "Horlogical Journal" d'avril 1983, p.15 à 19, un triple tourbillon, c'est-à-dire un tourbillon provoquant une rotation dans trois plans orthogonaux. Dans une telle construction également, l'encombrement est exorbitant et ce type de tourbillon ne peut être que difficilement envisagé pour une montre de poche ou une montre-bracelet.We also know from the review "Horlogical Journal" of April 1983, p.15 to 19, a triple vortex, that is to say a vortex causing rotation in three orthogonal planes. Also in such a construction, the bulk is exorbitant and this type of tourbillon can only be difficult to envisage for a pocket watch or a wristwatch.
Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un tourbillon pour pièce d'horlogerie permettant de réduire de manière sensible les différences de marche entre les positions horizontales et verticales, sans pour autant devoir diminuer le diamètre du balancier, tout en maintenant une épaisseur de mouvement compatible avec une montre de poche ou une montre bracelet.The aim of the present invention is to propose a tourbillon for a timepiece making it possible to appreciably reduce the walking differences between the horizontal and vertical positions, without having to reduce the diameter of the balance wheel, while maintaining a thickness of movement. compatible with a pocket watch or a wristwatch.
Elle concerne donc un tourbillon destiné à équiper un mouvement de pièce d'horlogerie du type comprenant un bâti et un rouage de finissage ainsi qu'une cage pivotant sur ledit bâti portant le balancier et l'échappement. Ce tourbillon est caractérisé par les caractéristiques énoncées aux revendications 1 à 17.It therefore relates to a tourbillon intended to equip a timepiece movement of the type comprising a frame and a gear train as well as a pivoting cage on said frame carrying the balance wheel and the escapement. This tourbillon is characterized by the characteristics set out in claims 1 to 17.
L'invention a également pour objet une pièce d'horlogerie ou un mouvement d'horlogerie comme revendiqué à la revendication 18. Le dispositif, objet de l'invention, est destiné à équiper un mouvement de pièce d'horlogerie comprenant un bâti et un rouage de finissage. Ce tourbillon se distingue par :The invention also relates to a timepiece or a timepiece movement as claimed in claim 18. The device, object of the invention, is intended to equip a timepiece movement comprising a frame and a finishing cog. This tourbillon is distinguished by:
- une cage porte-échappement montée mobile en rotation autour d'un axe I B-B formant un angle par rapport à l'axe de rotation des mobiles du rouage de finissage ;- an escapement cage mounted movable in rotation about an axis I B-B forming an angle relative to the axis of rotation of the moving parts of the gear train;
- cette cage porte-échappement comportant un engrenage de cage coaxial à l'axe B-B engrenant avec un mobile monté sur le bâti ;- This escapement cage comprising a cage gear coaxial with the axis B-B meshing with a mobile mounted on the frame;
- un balancier spiral et un échappement comportant un mobile muni d'un pignon d'échappement pivotes dans la cage porte-échappement ; et dans lequel- a balance spring and an escapement comprising a mobile provided with an exhaust pinion pivots in the escapement cage; and in which
- le pignon d'échappement est en prise avec une denture montée sur le bâti et située dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe B-B de rotation de la cage porte-échappement.- The exhaust pinion is engaged with a toothing mounted on the frame and located in a plane perpendicular to the axis B-B of rotation of the exhaust holder cage.
Ledit angle a, différent de 90°, peut être compris entre 20° et 70° et est de préférence égal à 30°.Said angle a, other than 90 °, can be between 20 ° and 70 ° and is preferably equal to 30 °.
II
Le balancier et les mobiles de l'échappement peuvent pivoter suivant des axes parallèles à l'axe B-B de rotation de la cage porte-échappement.The balance and the movable parts of the escapement can pivot along axes parallel to the axis B-B of rotation of the escapement cage.
La denture montée sur le bâti et qui est en prise avec le pignon d'échappement est soit solidaire dudit bâti, soit portée par une grande cage pivotée sur ce bâti autour d'un axe A-A formant un angle différent de 90° avec l'axe B-B de rotation de la cage porte-échappement. D'autres caractéristiques de ce dispositif de tourbillon seront décrites en détails dans la description qui suit.The teeth mounted on the frame and which is engaged with the exhaust pinion is either integral with said frame, or carried by a large cage pivoted on this frame around an axis AA forming an angle different from 90 ° with the axis BB of rotation of the exhaust cage. Other characteristics of this tourbillon device will be described in detail in the description which follows.
Ce dispositif du type tourbillon est agencé de manière à ce que, sous l'effet du couple appliqué par le rouage de finissage sur l'engrenage de cage de la cageThis vortex-type device is arranged so that, under the effect of the torque applied by the gear train on the cage gear of the cage
I porte-échappement, la grande cage tourne autour du premier axe A-A à une première vitesse angulaire, et la cage porte-échappement tourne autour du second axe B-B à une deuxième vitesse angulaire définie par le rapport des nombres de dents que comportent l'engrenage de cage de la grande cage et la denture du mobile monté sur le bâti, le second axe B-B définissant l'enveloppe d'un cône d'axe confondu avec le premier axe A-A, ou axe de rotation de la grande cage.I exhaust pipe, the large cage rotates around the first axis AA at a first angular speed, and the exhaust pipe cage rotates around the second axis BB at a second angular speed defined by the ratio of the numbers of teeth that the gear comprises cage of the large cage and the toothing of the mobile mounted on the frame, the second axis BB defining the envelope of a cone of axis coincident with the first axis AA, or axis of rotation of the large cage.
Afin d'éviter que le tourbillon occupe trop d'épaisseur, il est avantageux que l'angle au sommet du cône engendré par le second axe B-B, ou axe de rotation de la cage porte-échappement, soit égal ou plus petit que 90°. Les conditions les plus favorables sont obtenues pour un angle au sommet voisin de 60°, généralement compris entre 20 et 70°.In order to prevent the vortex from occupying too much thickness, it is advantageous for the angle at the top of the cone generated by the second axis BB, or axis of rotation of the escapement cage, to be equal to or less than 90 ° . The most favorable conditions are obtained for an angle at the apex close to 60 °, generally between 20 and 70 °.
II
| En utilisant des pignons comme engrenages de cage, il est possible de réaliser un tourbillon présentant une masse et une inertie aussi faibles que possible. Comme la cage de la plupart des tourbillons connus, la cage porte- échappement du tourbillon selon l'invention peut effectuer un tour en une minute. Dans ce cas particulier, il est avantageux que la grande cage effectue un tour en un temps compris entre 4 et 10 minutes par exemple.| By using pinions as cage gears, it is possible to produce a vortex having as low a mass and inertia as possible. Like the cage of most known tourbillons, the escapement cage of the tourbillon according to the invention can make a revolution in one minute. In this particular case, it is advantageous for the large cage to make a turn in a time of between 4 and 10 minutes for example.
Afin de garantir des conditions d'engrènement aussi bonnes que possibles, la denture du mobile monté sur le bâti est conique de même angle au sommet que le cône défini par le second axe.In order to guarantee as good meshing conditions as possible, the teeth of the mobile mounted on the frame are conical at the same angle at the top as the cone defined by the second axis.
De manière avantageuse et pour permettre l'usage d'un balancier ayant un moment d'inertie aussi élevé que possible, les axes de la cage porte-échappement et du balancier sont parallèles, voire confondus. i D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront de la description qui va suivre, faite en regard du dessin annexé, dans lequel le tourbillon mono- ou bi-axial selon l'invention est représenté schematiquement en coupe axiale. Plus précisément : - La figure 1 montre la structure générale des cages du tourbillon biaxial selon l'invention montées sur le bâti;Advantageously and to allow the use of a balance having a moment of inertia as high as possible, the axes of the escapement cage and of the balance are parallel, or even coincident. Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawing, in which the mono- or bi-axial vortex according to the invention is shown diagrammatically in axial section. More specifically: - Figure 1 shows the general structure of the cages of the biaxial tourbillon according to the invention mounted on the frame;
- Les figures 2 et 3 représentent la grande cage du tourbillon biaxial selon des vues orthogonales.- Figures 2 and 3 show the large cage of the biaxial vortex in orthogonal views.
- La figure 4 permet de voir la cage porte-échappement du tourbillon biaxial équipée du balancier et de l'échappement.- Figure 4 shows the escapement cage of the biaxial tourbillon equipped with the balance and the escapement.
! - La figure 5 illustre le tourbillon biaxial dans une variante où les cages sont pivotées en porte-à-faux.! - Figure 5 illustrates the biaxial vortex in a variant where the cages are pivoted in overhang.
- La figure 6 illustre une forme d'exécution du tourbillon biaxial dans lequel la grande cage constitue un carrousel. - La figure 7 illustre une forme d'exécution simplifiée du tourbillon ne comportant qu'une seule cage inclinée, pivotée en porte-à-faux, la cage porte-échappement. Sur ces figures, et afin d'éviter de surcharger le dessin, les vis sont suggérées par un trait d'axe. La figure 1 représente une portion de mouvement de montre, avec :- Figure 6 illustrates an embodiment of the biaxial vortex in which the large cage constitutes a carousel. - Figure 7 illustrates a simplified embodiment of the tourbillon comprising only one inclined cage, pivoted in overhang, the escapement cage. In these figures, and in order to avoid overloading the drawing, the screws are suggested by an axis line. FIG. 1 represents a portion of watch movement, with:
- un bâti comportant, visible au dessin, une platine 10 et un pont 12, lesquels sont munis de pierres formant chacune un palier 14,a frame comprising, visible in the drawing, a plate 10 and a bridge 12, which are provided with stones each forming a bearing 14,
- un tourbillon biaxial 16, monté pivotant autour d'un axe A-A sur les paliers 14, eta biaxial vortex 16, mounted to pivot about an axis A-A on the bearings 14, and
- une roue de moyenne 18, dont seule la planche est visible au dessin, partie d'un rouage de finissage ainsi partiellement représenté, et montée pivotante sur le bâti suivant un axe perpendiculaire au plan du mouvement et parallèle à l'axe A-A.- a wheel of average 18, of which only the board is visible in the drawing, part of a gear train thus partially represented, and mounted pivoting on the frame along an axis perpendicular to the plane of movement and parallel to the axis AA.
Le tourbillon 16 comporte deux cages 20 et 22. La grande cage 20 est illustrée de manière détaillée sur les figures 2 et 3. Elle est montée sur les paliers 14. La cage porte-échappement 22, représentée sur la figure 4, pivote dans la grande cage 20, autour d'un axe B-B formant un angle (a) avec l'axe A-A différent de 90°.The tourbillon 16 has two cages 20 and 22. The large cage 20 is illustrated in detail in FIGS. 2 and 3. It is mounted on the bearings 14. The escapement cage 22, shown in FIG. 4, pivots in the large cage 20, around an axis BB forming an angle (a) with the axis AA different from 90 °.
La platine 10 est munie d'une goutte 24, entourant le trou où le palier 14 est logé, laquelle porte une planche de roue annulaire 25, comportant une seconde denture conique 25a, dont la fonction sera précisée plus loin. Cette planche 25 est fixée par des moyens non représentés au dessin, par exemple par chassage ou vissage. La goutte 24 est munie d'une ouverture latérale 26 permettant le passage de la roue de moyenne 18. Comme on peut le voir tout particulièrement sur les figures 2 et 3, la grande cage 20, comprend :The plate 10 is provided with a drop 24, surrounding the hole where the bearing 14 is housed, which carries an annular wheel plate 25, comprising a second conical toothing 25a, the function of which will be specified below. This plate 25 is fixed by means not shown in the drawing, for example by driving or screwing. The drop 24 is provided with a lateral opening 26 allowing the passage of the middle wheel 18. As can be seen very particularly in FIGS. 2 and 3, the large cage 20, comprises:
- un cadre formé de deux parties, l'une inférieure 28, l'autre supérieure 30, assemblées l'une à l'autre au moyen de vis 32,a frame formed by two parts, one lower 28, the other upper 30, assembled to each other by means of screws 32,
- des arbres inférieur 34 et supérieur 36, respectivement solidaires des parties inférieure 28 et supérieure 30 et destinés à être engagés dans les paliers 14 pour monter pivotante la grande cage 20 sur le bâti, etlower 34 and upper 36 shafts, respectively integral with the lower 28 and upper 30 parts and intended to be engaged in the bearings 14 to pivotally mount the large cage 20 on the frame, and
- des supports inférieur 40 et supérieur 42, respectivement fixés sur les parties inférieure 28 et supérieure 30 au moyen de vis 44 et destinés à recevoir la cage porte-échappement 22, comme cela sera expliqué ci- dessous. Les parties 28 et 30 comprennent chacune une portion médiane, en forme de barreau identifié par la lettre a, et deux montants identifiés par la lettre b, les j extrémités des montants 28b et 30b étant fixées deux à deux, au moyen des vis- Lower 40 and upper 42 supports, respectively fixed on the lower 28 and upper 30 parts by means of screws 44 and intended to receive the exhaust-holder cage 22, as will be explained below. The parts 28 and 30 each include a middle portion, in the form of a bar identified by the letter a, and two uprights identified by the letter b, the j ends of the uprights 28b and 30b being fixed in pairs, by means of the screws.
32, et avantageusement positionnées au moyen de pieds, qui n'ont pas été représentés au dessin, afin d'éviter de le surcharger.32, and advantageously positioned by means of feet, which have not been shown in the drawing, in order to avoid overloading it.
Les barreaux 28a et 30a et les montants 28b et 30b définissent une ouverture 46 sensiblement rectangulaire, dont la largeur et la hauteur sont choisies de manière à ce que la cage porte-échappement 22 puisse y être logée et y tourner librement, comme cela sera expliqué plus loin. Les deux arbres 34 et 36 comprennent chacun un pivot identifié par la lettre a et destiné à être engagé dans l'un des paliers 14, et une assiette identifiée par la lettre b. Les assiettes 34b et 36b sont respectivement attenantes et fixées, par exemple par chassage ou vissage, à la partie médiane des barreaux 28a et 30a. L'arbre 34 porte, en outre, un premier pignon de cage 45 fixé par chassage et destiné à engrener avec la roue de moyenne 18.The bars 28a and 30a and the uprights 28b and 30b define a substantially rectangular opening 46, the width and height of which are chosen so that the exhaust cage 22 can be housed there and rotate there freely, as will be explained further. The two shafts 34 and 36 each comprise a pivot identified by the letter a and intended to be engaged in one of the bearings 14, and a plate identified by the letter b. The plates 34b and 36b are respectively attached and fixed, for example by driving or screwing, to the middle part of the bars 28a and 30a. The shaft 34 carries, in addition, a first cage pinion 45 fixed by driving out and intended to mesh with the medium wheel 18.
Le support inférieur 40 est de forme pyramidale tronquée, d'angle au sommet égal à 120° environ. L'une des faces 40a de la pyramide est disposée en appui contre la face intérieure du barreau 28a, le support 40 y étant fixé par les vis 44. La base de la pyramide comporte une noyure dont le fond est percé d'un trou cylindrique, d'axe B-B, qui débouche sur la face tronquée et à l'intérieur duquel est chassé un palier 47 destiné à recevoir la cage porte-échappement 22. La base de la pyramide porte une planche 48, munie d'une première denture 48a à sa périphérie et coaxiale au palier 47, dont la fonction sera précisée plus loin. Comme représenté au dessin, la planche 48 est fixée sur le support 40 par chassage ou vissage dans la noyure, cette planche est disposée dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe B-B.The lower support 40 has a truncated pyramidal shape, with an apex angle of approximately 120 °. One of the faces 40a of the pyramid is placed in abutment against the internal face of the bar 28a, the support 40 being fixed there by the screws 44. The base of the pyramid comprises a recess whose bottom is pierced with a cylindrical hole , of axis BB, which opens onto the truncated face and inside which is chased a bearing 47 intended to receive the escapement cage 22. The base of the pyramid carries a board 48, provided with a first toothing 48a at its periphery and coaxial with the bearing 47, the function of which will be specified below. As shown in the drawing, the board 48 is fixed to the support 40 by driving or screwing into the recess, this board is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis B-B.
Le support supérieur 42 comprend une protubérance 42a munie d'un trou cylindrique dans lequel est chassé un palier 50, coaxial au palier 47 et aussi destiné à recevoir la cage porte-échappement 22. La cage porte-échappement 22, représentée de manière détaillée et équipée à la figure 4, comprend un cadre formé de deux parties, l'une inférieure 52, l'autre supérieure 54 reliées entre elles au moyen de vis 56. Les parties 52 et 54 comprennent chacune une portion médiane en forme de barreau identifiée par la lettre a et deux montants identifiés par la lettre b, les extrémités des montants 52b et 54b étant fixées deux à deux par les vis 56 (figure 1).The upper support 42 comprises a protuberance 42a provided with a cylindrical hole in which a bearing 50 is driven, coaxial with the bearing 47 and also intended to receive the exhaust-holder cage 22. The exhaust cage 22, shown in detail and equipped in FIG. 4, comprises a frame formed by two parts, one lower 52, the other upper 54 connected together by means of screws 56. Parts 52 and 54 each comprise a median portion in the form of a bar identified by the letter a and two uprights identified by the letter b, the ends of the uprights 52b and 54b being fixed two by two by the screws 56 (FIG. 1).
La cage porte-échappement comporte, en outre :The exhaust cage also includes:
deux ponts d'échappement 58 et 59 montés sur la partie inférieure 52,two exhaust bridges 58 and 59 mounted on the lower part 52,
un arbre inférieur 60, monté sur la face extérieure de la portion médiane 52a, fixé dans sa partie centrale au moyen d'une assiette 60a, et qui comporte un pivotement 60b et une denture en bout formant un pignon de cage 60c porte-échappement, eta lower shaft 60, mounted on the external face of the middle portion 52a, fixed in its central part by means of a plate 60a, and which comprises a pivoting 60b and a toothing at the end forming a pinion of cage 60c exhaust pipe, and
un arbre supérieur 62 monté sur la face extérieure de la portion médiane 54a, fixé dans sa partie centrale au moyen d'une assiette 62a et muni d'un pivot 62b.an upper shaft 62 mounted on the outer face of the middle portion 54a, fixed in its central part by means of a plate 62a and provided with a pivot 62b.
Les portions médianes 52a et 54a sont percées d'un trou identifié par la lettre ç, d'axe confondu avec l'axe B-B. jThe middle portions 52a and 54a are pierced with a hole identified by the letter ç, with an axis coincident with the axis B-B. j
Les arbres 60 et 62 sont fixes sur les parties 52 et 54 au moyen de vis 64, schematiquement représentées. Le pivotement 60b et le pivot 62b sont coaxiaux et orientés selon l'axe B-B. Ils sont destinés à être respectivement engagés dans les paliers 47 et 50 de la grande cage 20, pour assurer la rotation de la cage porte-échappement 22 dans la grande cage 20.The shafts 60 and 62 are fixed on the parts 52 and 54 by means of screws 64, diagrammatically shown. The pivot 60b and the pivot 62b are coaxial and oriented along the axis B-B. They are intended to be respectively engaged in the bearings 47 and 50 of the large cage 20, to ensure the rotation of the escapement cage 22 in the large cage 20.
Le second pignon de cage 60c est disposé de manière à ce qu'il engrène avec la seconde denture 25a de la planche 25, solidaire du bâti 10. La cage porte-échappement 22 porte un balancier 66 muni d'un spiral non représenté au dessin, une ancre 68 et un mobile d'échappement 70 comportant un pignon 70a et une roue 70b, cette dernière coopérant avec l'ancre 68 pour entretenir le mouvement du balancier 66. Tous ces mobiles sont pivotes sur la cage porte-échappement 22 suivant des axes parallèles entre eux et par rapport à l'axe B-B de rotation de cette cage 22.The second cage pinion 60c is arranged so that it meshes with the second toothing 25a of the board 25, integral with the frame 10. The escapement cage 22 carries a balance 66 provided with a hairspring not shown in the drawing, an anchor 68 and an exhaust mobile 70 comprising a pinion 70a and a wheel 70b, the latter cooperating with the anchor 68 to maintain the pendulum movement 66. All these mobiles are pivoted on the escapement cage 22 along axes which are parallel to each other and relative to the axis BB of rotation of this cage 22.
Plus précisément, le balancier 66 pivote autour d'un axe concentrique à l'axe B-B, dans deux paliers 72 et 73 montés l'un 72 dans le trou 52c de la portion médiane 52a, l'autre 73 dans le trou 54c de la portion médiane 54a. Les ponts d'échappement 58 et 59 comportent chacun un palier 74, dans lesquels pivote le mobile d'échappement 70. Le pignon 70a est disposé, de manière à ce que sa denture dépasse de la surface inférieure de la portion médiane 52a, pour permettre son engrènement avec la première denture 48a de la planche 48 de la grande cage 20. Le montage d'un tourbillon tel que décrit commence par l'assemblage des parties constitutives de la cage porte-échappement 22, et plus particulièrement le chassage des paliers 72 et 73 et la fixation des arbres 60 et 62. Le pont d'échappement 58 est mis en place, puis le mobile d'échappement 70 et l'ancre 68, et enfin le pont d'échappement 59, de telle sorte que les composants de l'échappement peuvent pivoter dans leurs paliers.More specifically, the pendulum 66 pivots about an axis concentric with the axis BB, in two bearings 72 and 73 mounted one 72 in the hole 52c of the middle portion 52a, the other 73 in the hole 54c of the middle portion 54a. The exhaust bridges 58 and 59 each comprise a bearing 74, in which the exhaust mobile 70 pivots. The pinion 70a is arranged, so that its teeth protrude from the lower surface of the middle portion 52a, to allow its meshing with the first toothing 48a of the board 48 of the large cage 20. The mounting of a tourbillon as described begins with the assembly of the constituent parts of the escapement cage 22, and more particularly the driving of the bearings 72 and 73 and the fixing of the shafts 60 and 62. The exhaust bridge 58 is put in place, then the exhaust mobile 70 and the anchor 68, and finally the exhaust bridge 59, so that the components of the exhaust can pivot in their bearings.
Le balancier 66 est ensuite engagé par son pivot inférieur dans le palier 72, puis positionné par la fixation de la partie supérieure 54 sur la partie inférieure 52, le pivot supérieur du balancier étant engagé dans le palier 73. Les deux parties 52 et 54 sont assemblées au moyen des vis 56. La mise en marche peut ensuite être réalisée de manière classique, en soumettant le mobile d'échappement 70 à un couple moteur, sur un posage approprié.The pendulum 66 is then engaged by its lower pivot in the bearing 72, then positioned by the fixing of the upper part 54 on the lower part 52, the upper pivot of the balance being engaged in the bearing 73. The two parts 52 and 54 are assembled by means of the screws 56. The starting can then be carried out in a conventional manner, by subjecting the exhaust mobile 70 to an engine torque, on an appropriate fitting.
Lorsque le balancier-spiral et l'échappement sont réglés de manière idoine, la cage porte-échappement 22 peut alors être placée dans la partie inférieure 28 de la grande cage 20, le pivotement 60b étant engagé dans le palier 47. La partie supérieure 30 est ensuite fixée au moyen des vis 32 sur la partie inférieure 28, le pivot 62b étant engagé dans le palier 50.When the balance spring and the escapement are adjusted appropriately, the escapement cage 22 can then be placed in the lower part 28 of the large cage 20, the pivot 60b being engaged in the bearing 47. The part upper 30 is then fixed by means of screws 32 on the lower part 28, the pivot 62b being engaged in the bearing 50.
Le tourbillon 16 est ainsi terminé et peut être placé sur le bâti, entre la platine 10 et le pont 12, les pivots 34a et 36a étant chacun engagés dans l'un des paliers 14.The vortex 16 is thus finished and can be placed on the frame, between the plate 10 and the bridge 12, the pivots 34a and 36a each being engaged in one of the bearings 14.
Lorsque le ressort que comporte le mouvement est armé, la roue de moyenne 18 soumet la grande cage 20 à un couple moteur, par engrènement avec le premier pignon de cage 45. Ce couple ne peut engendrer une rotation de la grande cage 20 que si le second pignon de cage 60c roule sur la seconde denture 25a de la planche 25, c'est-à-dire que la cage porte-échappement 22 tourne autour de l'axe B-B. Comme la denture du pignon d'échappement 70a est en prijse avec la denture de la première planche 48, ce mouvement n'est possibleWhen the spring which comprises the movement is armed, the medium wheel 18 subjects the large cage 20 to a driving torque, by meshing with the first cage pinion 45. This torque can only generate a rotation of the large cage 20 if the second cage pinion 60c rolls on the second toothing 25a of the board 25, that is to say that the escapement cage 22 rotates about the axis BB. As the toothing of the exhaust pinion 70a is in prijse with the toothing of the first board 48, this movement is not possible
I que lorsque l'échappement donne une impulsion motrice au balancier 66. Cela se produit à chaque alternance du balancier. Cela revient donc à dire que chaque fois que le balancier 66 reçoit une impulsion, la cage porte-échappement 22 tourne autour de l'axe B-B et la grande cage 20 autour de l'axe A-A, les angles parcourus étant fonction des nombres de dents des engrenages impliqués. Ces engrenages peuvent être choisis de manière à ce que la cage porte-échappement 22 effectue un tour en une minute et la grande cage 20 un tour en quelques minutes, typiquement de 4 à 10.I only when the escapement gives a driving impulse to the balance wheel 66. This occurs at each alternation of the balance wheel. This therefore amounts to saying that each time the pendulum 66 receives an impulse, the escapement cage 22 rotates around the axis BB and the large cage 20 around the axis AA, the angles covered being a function of the numbers of teeth. of the gears involved. These gears can be chosen so that the exhaust cage 22 makes one revolution in one minute and the large cage 20 one revolution in a few minutes, typically from 4 to 10.
De la sorte, l'axe B-B balaye l'enveloppe d'un cône d'axe A-A, dont l'angle au sommet est environ égal à 60°, soit le double de l'angle a que font ensemble les axes A-A et B-B. Il en résulte que, quelle que soit la position du mouvement de la montre, l'axe du balancier a une inclinaison moyenne comprise entre 20° et 70 ° environ, ce qui réduit considérablement les différences de marche entre les positions. (In this way, the axis BB scans the envelope of a cone of axis AA, whose angle at the apex is approximately equal to 60 °, that is to say twice the angle a that make the axes AA and BB together. . As a result, whatever the position of the movement of the watch, the pendulum axis has an average inclination of between 20 ° and 70 ° approximately, which considerably reduces the differences in running between the positions. (
L'angle au sommet du cône peut varier en fonction de la construction de la montre. Plus l'angle est élevé, plus la cage 22 occupe d'espace en épaisseur, à moins de réduire le diamètre du balancier 66. Les essais effectués semblent montrer que l'optimum se trouve dans l'intervalle de 40° à 140° pour l'angle au sommet, et plus précisément au voisinage de 60°.The angle at the top of the cone can vary depending on the construction of the watch. The higher the angle, the more space the cage 22 occupies in thickness, unless the diameter of the pendulum 66 is reduced. The tests carried out seem to show that the optimum is in the range of 40 ° to 140 ° for the angle at the top, and more precisely in the vicinity of 60 °.
On notera encore que, pour que les conditions d'engrènement soient optimales, il est souhaitable que la seconde denture conique 25a de la roue 25 présente un angle au sommet égal à celui du cône engendré par la rotation de l'axe B-B autour de l'axe A-A.It will also be noted that, for the meshing conditions to be optimal, it is desirable that the second conical toothing 25a of the wheel 25 has an apex angle equal to that of the cone generated by the rotation of the axis BB around l 'axis AA.
Le tourbillon, tel que décrit, peut bien entendu faire l'objet de nombreuses variantes sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l'invention. Ainsi, les pignons de cage 45 et 60c pourraient être remplacés par des roues engrenant respectivement avec un mobile du rouage de finissage et avec la planche 25, laquelle serait alors avantageusement munie d'une denture intérieure. Ceci permet d'obtenir un sens de rotation opposé des deux cages.The tourbillon, as described, can of course be the subject of numerous variants without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, the cage pinions 45 and 60c could be replaced by wheels meshing respectively with a mobile of the gear train and with the board 25, which would then advantageously be provided with internal toothing. This makes it possible to obtain an opposite direction of rotation of the two cages.
Dans une autre variante qui n'a pas été représentée, c'est le pignon 60c qui pourrait comporter une denture conique, la denture 25a de la roue 25 étant alors droite. Il est aussi possible de répartir la conicité entre les deux dentures.In another variant which has not been shown, it is the pinion 60c which could include a conical toothing, the toothing 25a of the wheel 25 then being straight. It is also possible to distribute the taper between the two teeth.
Il est également envisageable de disposer le balancier de manière à ce qu'il ne soit pas coaxial à la cage porte-échappement 22, les axes étant parallèles. Cette solution a toutefois pour inconvénient que le moment d'inertie du balancier est réduit pour un encombrement de cage donné. | Il est bien évident que l'échappement utilisé dans le tourbillon peut être de n'importe quel type à oscillation libre, par exemple à ancre ou à détente.It is also conceivable to arrange the balance so that it is not coaxial with the escapement cage 22, the axes being parallel. However, this solution has the disadvantage that the moment of inertia of the balance wheel is reduced for a given size of cage. | It is obvious that the escapement used in the tourbillon can be of any type with free oscillation, for example with anchor or detent.
Dans l'exemple illustré les axes des mobiles du rouage de finissage sont parallèles à l'axe A-A de rotation de la première cage, ce qui pourrait ne pas être le cas dans d'autres variantes. Les vitesses de rotation des cages 20 et 22 peuvent être égales ou différentes. De même, le sens de rotation des cages 20 et 22 peut être le même ou inverse.In the example illustrated, the axes of the mobiles of the gear train are parallel to the axis A-A of rotation of the first cage, which could not be the case in other variants. The rotational speeds of the cages 20 and 22 can be equal or different. Likewise, the direction of rotation of the cages 20 and 22 can be the same or opposite.
Dans la variante illustrée à la figure 5, la grande cage ne comporte qu'une partie inférieure 28 pivotée en porte-à-faux sur le bâti 10 par un palier 14 suivant l'axe A-A parallèle aux axes des mobiles du rouage de finissage. Cette partie inférieure 28 de la grande cage 20 porte, comme dans la première forme d'exécution, un support inférieur 40 percé d'un trou d'axe B-B à l'intérieur duquel est chassé un palier 47 destiné à recevoir la cage porte-échappement 22. La cage porte-échappement 22 ne comporte également que sa partie inférieure 52 et est pivotée en porte-à-faux sur la grande cage 20 par son arbre inférieur 60 portant en bout le second pignon de cage 60c engrenant avec la seconde denture 25a solidaire du bâti 10.In the variant illustrated in Figure 5, the large cage has only a lower portion 28 pivoted overhanging on the frame 10 by a bearing 14 following the axis AA parallel to the axes of the mobiles of the gear train. This lower part 28 of the large cage 20 carries, as in the first embodiment, a lower support 40 pierced with an axis hole BB inside which is driven a bearing 47 intended to receive the carrier cage exhaust 22. The exhaust holder cage 22 also has only its lower part 52 and is pivoted in overhang on the large cage 20 by its lower shaft 60 carrying at the end the second cage pinion 60c meshing with the second toothing 25a secured to the frame 10.
Cette variante permet de réaliser les mêmes avantages du tourbillon tout en ayant un encombrement réduit.This variant makes it possible to achieve the same advantages of the tourbillon while having a reduced bulk.
Dans la forme d'exécution illustrée à la figure 6, le dispositif du type tourbillon comporte également une grande cage 20 et une cage porte- échappement 22 comme décrit dans la première forme d'exécution ou sa variante et le pignon d'échappement 70a est également en prise avec la première denture 48a disposée dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe (B-B) de la cage porte- échappement.In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6, the tourbillon type device also includes a large cage 20 and an escapement cage 22 as described in the first embodiment or its variant, and the exhaust pinion 70a is also in engagement with the first toothing 48a disposed in a plane perpendicular to the axis (BB) of the escapement cage.
Dans cette forme d'exécution, cette denture 48a est portée par une planche 48 montée sur la base pyramidale 40 de la grande cage 20 concentriquement à l'axe B-B de la cage porte-échappement 22. Le premier pignon de cage 45 de la grande cage est comme précédemment en prise avec la roue 18 du mobile de finissage généralement le mobile de moyenne.In this embodiment, this toothing 48a is carried by a board 48 mounted on the pyramidal base 40 of the large cage 20 concentrically with the axis BB of the escapement cage 22. The first cage pinion 45 of the large cage is as previously engaged with the wheel 18 of the finishing mobile generally the average mobile.
Dans cette exécution, la grande cage est conçue comme un carrousel et le pignon de cage 60c de la cage porte-échappement est en prise avec l'une des roues 80a d'un mobile 80 pivoté sur le bâti 10 dont la seconde roue 80b est elle en prise avec une seconde roue 18a du mobile de finissage.In this embodiment, the large cage is designed as a carousel and the cage pinion 60c of the escapement cage is engaged with one of the wheels 80a of a mobile 80 pivoted on the frame 10, the second wheel 80b of which is it engaged with a second wheel 18a of the finishing mobile.
Ainsi, dans cette exécution, le dispositif comporte un tourbillon ne comportant en fait qu'une cage, la cage porte-échappement pivotée de façon inclinée par rapport au bâti 10, et la grande cage 20 forme un carrousel qui porte iThus, in this embodiment, the device comprises a vortex comprising in fact only one cage, the escapement cage pivoted in an inclination relative to the frame 10, and the large cage 20 forms a carousel which carries i
1313
la cage porte-échappement dans sa rotation commandée par le rouage moteur du mouvement.the escapement cage in its rotation controlled by the driving train of the movement.
La forme d'exécution illustrée à la figure 7 est une version simplifiée du tourbillon ne comportant qu'une cage porte-échappement 22 pivotée de façon inclinée sur le bâti 10 par son arbre 60. Le bâti 10 solidaire du support incliné 40 comportant la première denture périphérique 48a située dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation B-B de la cage porte-échappement 22. Cet axe B-B forme un angle a avec une direction parallèle à l'axe du mobile de finissage 18. L'arbre 60 de cette cage 22 est pivoté dans des paliers 47 et 47a du bâti 10 et le pignon de cage 60c de la cage porte-échappement 22 est en prise avec la roue de finissage 18. Le pignon d'échappement 70a est en prise avec la première denture 48a portée par le support 40 du bâti 10.The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7 is a simplified version of the tourbillon comprising only one escapement cage 22 pivoted in an inclined manner on the frame 10 by its shaft 60. The frame 10 secured to the inclined support 40 comprising the first peripheral toothing 48a situated in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation BB of the escapement cage 22. This axis BB forms an angle a with a direction parallel to the axis of the finishing mobile 18. The shaft 60 of this cage 22 is pivoted in bearings 47 and 47a of the frame 10 and the cage pinion 60c of the escapement cage 22 is engaged with the finishing wheel 18. The exhaust pinion 70a is engaged with the first toothing 48a carried by the support 40 of the frame 10.
Cette solution a l'avantage d'être simple et peu encombrante. Comme dans les formes d'exécution précédentes, le balancier, l'ancre et le mobile d'échappement portés par la cage porte-échappement 22 sont pivotes sur cette cage suivant des axes parallèles entre eux et à l'axe de rotation de la cage porte- échappement 22.This solution has the advantage of being simple and compact. As in the previous embodiments, the balance, the anchor and the exhaust mobile carried by the escapement cage 22 are pivoted on this cage along axes parallel to each other and to the axis of rotation of the cage exhaust 22.
Il va de soi que dans des variantes de chaque forme d'exécution décrite, le balancier et l'échappement pivotes dans la cage porte-échappement 22 pourraient être du type Prendel. It goes without saying that in variants of each embodiment described, the balance and the exhaust pivots in the escapement cage 22 could be of the Prendel type.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif tourbillon (16), destiné à équiper un mouvement de pièce d'horlogerie comprenant un bâti (10 ; 12) et un rouage de finissage (18), caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte une cage porte-échappement (22) j montée mobile en rotation autour d'un axe B-B formant un angle (a) différent de 0° ou 90° par rapport à l'axe de rotation des mobiles du rouage de finissage (18) ; cette cage porte-échappement (22) comportant un engrenage de cage (60c) coaxial à l'axe B-B, engrenant avec un mobile (18 ; 25 ; 80) monté sur le bâti (10 ;12) ; par le fait qu'un balancier spiral (66) et un échappement (68,70) comportant un mobile (70) muni d'un pignon (70a) d'échappement sont pivotes dans la cage porte-échappement (22) ; et par le fait que le pignon d'échappement (70a) est en prise avec une denture (48a) montée sur le bâti (10 ;12) et située dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe (B-B) de la cage-porte échappement (22).1. Whirlpool device (16), intended to equip a timepiece movement comprising a frame (10; 12) and a finishing train (18), characterized in that it comprises an escapement cage (22 ) j mounted movable in rotation about an axis BB forming an angle (a) different from 0 ° or 90 ° relative to the axis of rotation of the mobiles of the gear train (18); this escapement cage (22) comprising a cage gear (60c) coaxial with the axis B-B, meshing with a mobile (18; 25; 80) mounted on the frame (10; 12); by the fact that a spiral balance (66) and an exhaust (68,70) comprising a mobile (70) provided with an exhaust pinion (70a) are pivoted in the exhaust cage (22); and by the fact that the exhaust pinion (70a) is engaged with a toothing (48a) mounted on the frame (10; 12) and situated in a plane perpendicular to the axis (BB) of the exhaust cage-door (22).
2. Dispositif tourbillon selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé par le fait que ledit angle (a) est compris entre 20° et 70°, de préférence sensiblement égal à 30°.2. Whirlpool device according to claim 1, characterized in that said angle (a) is between 20 ° and 70 °, preferably substantially equal to 30 °.
3. Dispositif tourbillon selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que le balancier (66) et les mobiles de l'échappement (68,70) pivotent autour d'axes parallèles à l'axe (B-B).3. A tourbillon device according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the balance (66) and the moving parts of the escapement (68,70) pivot around axes parallel to the axis (B-B).
4. Dispositif tourbillon selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le balancier (66) pivote autour d'un axe confondu avec ledit axe (B-B) de la cage porte-échappement (22). )4. Whirlpool device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the balance (66) pivots about an axis coincident with said axis (BB) of the exhaust cage (22). )
5. Dispositif tourbillon selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la cage porte-échappement (22) est pivotée en porte-à-faux suivant le second axe (B-B) sur le bâti (10).5. Whirlpool device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the escapement carrier cage (22) is pivoted in overhang along the second axis (B-B) on the frame (10).
6. Dispositif tourbillon selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'engrenage de cage (60c) de la cage porte- échappement (22) est en prise avec un mobile (18) du rouage de finissage ; et par le fait que la denture (48a) est solidaire du bâti6. Whirlpool device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cage gear (60c) of the escapement cage (22) is engaged with a mobile (18) of the gear train; and by the fact that the toothing (48a) is integral with the frame
(10 ;12).(10; 12).
7. Dispositif tourbillon selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte encore une grande cage (20) montée mobile en rotation sur le bâti (10 ;12) autour d'un premier axe (A-A) formant un angle différent de 90° avec le second axe (B-B) ; par le fait que la cage porte-échappement (22) est montée mobile en rotation sur cette grande cage (20) autour du second axe (B-B) ; par le fait que la grande cage (20) porte un premier engrenage de cage (45) coaxial au premier axe (A-A) engrenant avec un mobile (18) du rouage de finissage ; par le fait que l'engrenage de cage (60c) de la cage porte-échappement (22) est en prise avec un mobile (25, 80) monté sur le bâti (10 ;12) et coaxial à l'axe (A-A) de la grande cage (20) ; et par le fait que le pignon d'échappement (70a) est en prise avec la première denture (48) qui est solidaire de la grande cage (20).7. Whirlpool device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it also comprises a large cage (20) mounted movable in rotation on the frame (10; 12) around a first axis (AA) forming an angle other than 90 ° with the second axis (BB); by the fact that the escapement cage (22) is rotatably mounted on this large cage (20) around the second axis (B-B); by the fact that the large cage (20) carries a first cage gear (45) coaxial with the first axis (A-A) meshing with a mobile (18) of the gear train; by the fact that the cage gear (60c) of the exhaust cage (22) is engaged with a mobile (25, 80) mounted on the frame (10; 12) and coaxial with the axis (AA) the large cage (20); and by the fact that the exhaust pinion (70a) is engaged with the first toothing (48) which is integral with the large cage (20).
8. Dispositif tourbillon selon la revendication 7, caractérisé par le fait que la cage porte-échappement (22) est pivotée en porte-à-faux sur la grande cage (20).8. Whirlpool device according to claim 7, characterized in that the escapement carrier cage (22) is pivoted in overhang on the large cage (20).
9. Dispositif tourbillon selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé par le fait que la grande cage (20) est pivotée en porte-à-faux sur le bâti (10 ;12).9. A tourbillon device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the large cage (20) is pivoted in overhang on the frame (10; 12).
10. Dispositif tourbillon selon l'une des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé par le fait que la grande cage (20) est pivotée suivant son axe (A-A) entre deux paliers (14) du mouvement, l'un porté par le bâti (10) et l'autre par un pont (12).10. Whirlpool device according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the large cage (20) is pivoted along its axis (AA) between two bearings (14) of the movement, one carried by the frame ( 10) and the other by a bridge (12).
11. Dispositif tourbillon selon l'une des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé par le fait que l'engrenage de cage (60c) de la cage porte-échappement (22) est en prise avec la denture (25a) d'une planche (25) solidaire du bâti (10 ;12) et coaxiale à l'axe (A-A) de la grande cage (20).11. Whirlpool device according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the cage gear (60c) of the escapement cage (22) is engaged with the teeth (25a) of a board ( 25) integral with the frame (10; 12) and coaxial with the axis (AA) of the large cage (20).
12. Dispositif tourbillon selon l'une des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé par le fait que l'engrenage de cage (60c) de la cage porte-échappement (22) est en prise avec l'une des roues (80a) d'un mobile (80) pivoté sur le bâti (10 ;12) coaxialement à l'axe (A-A) de la grande cage (20), ce | mobile comportant une seconde roue (80b) engrenant avec un mobile12. Whirlpool device according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the cage gear (60c) of the escapement cage (22) is engaged with one of the wheels (80a) of a mobile (80) pivoted on the frame (10; 12) coaxial with the axis (AA) of the large cage (20), ce | mobile comprising a second wheel (80b) meshing with a mobile
(18a) du rouage de finissage.(18a) of the gear train.
13. Dispositif tourbillon selon l'une des revendications 7 à 12, caractérisé par le fait que les vitesses angulaires des cages (20,22) sont égales ou différentes l'une de l'autre.13. Whirlpool device according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the angular speeds of the cages (20,22) are equal or different from each other.
14. Dispositif tourbillon selon l'une des revendications 7 à 13, caractérisé par le fait que les sens de rotation des cages (20,22) sont les mêmes ou inverses l'un de l'autre.14. Whirlpool device according to one of claims 7 to 13, characterized in that the directions of rotation of the cages (20,22) are the same or vice versa.
15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 7 à 14, caractérisé par le fait que l'axe A-A de la grande cage (20) est parallèle aux axes des mobiles du rouage de finissage (18).15. Device according to one of claims 7 to 14, characterized in that the axis A-A of the large cage (20) is parallel to the axes of the moving parts of the gear train (18).
16. Mouvement d'horlogerie muni d'un dispositif tourbillon selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15. 16. Watch movement fitted with a tourbillon device according to one of claims 1 to 15.
EP02753168A 2001-08-20 2002-07-24 Clockwork movement and part Expired - Lifetime EP1419419B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02753168A EP1419419B1 (en) 2001-08-20 2002-07-24 Clockwork movement and part

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01810803 2001-08-20
EP01810803 2001-08-20
EP02753168A EP1419419B1 (en) 2001-08-20 2002-07-24 Clockwork movement and part
PCT/IB2002/003061 WO2003017009A2 (en) 2001-08-20 2002-07-24 Clockwork movement and part

Publications (2)

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EP1419419A2 true EP1419419A2 (en) 2004-05-19
EP1419419B1 EP1419419B1 (en) 2005-11-09

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EP (1) EP1419419B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE309559T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002313572A1 (en)
CH (1) CH1419419H1 (en)
DE (1) DE60207267T2 (en)
WO (1) WO2003017009A2 (en)

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US7568831B2 (en) 2006-10-06 2009-08-04 Tiffany & Co. Watch Center Ag Tourbillion-type timepiece movement
WO2012140112A1 (en) 2011-04-14 2012-10-18 Complitime Sa Timepiece movement
WO2013004782A1 (en) 2011-07-07 2013-01-10 Gfpi S.A. Timepiece

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WO2005015322A1 (en) * 2003-08-11 2005-02-17 Markus Moll Oscillating rotation for pieces of jewelry and tourbillon cages of tourbillon clock mechanisms
CH697781B1 (en) * 2004-02-13 2009-02-13 Gfpi S A timepiece provided with a tourbillon.
JP4555336B2 (en) 2004-04-15 2010-09-29 モントレー ブレゲ・エス アー Wristwatch with two turbirons
CH698618B1 (en) * 2004-08-11 2009-09-15 Karl Bernhard Lederer Piece tourbillon mechanical watchmaking.
DE602005009316D1 (en) 2005-01-28 2008-10-09 Richemont Int Sa Clock with tourbillon
ATE470890T1 (en) 2005-03-30 2010-06-15 Montres Breguet Sa WATCH WITH AT LEAST TWO REGULATION SYSTEMS
JP5010609B2 (en) * 2005-09-23 2012-08-29 ウォッチ−ユー−ライセンス アーゲー Inclined tourbillon
EP2115536B1 (en) 2007-02-08 2010-11-10 CompliTime S.A. Watch movement
CH702707B1 (en) 2007-04-05 2011-08-31 Complitime Sa workpiece movement of tourbillon watches.
EP2407832B1 (en) * 2010-07-16 2018-09-05 Richemont International S.A. Timepiece movement
EP3650954A1 (en) 2018-11-09 2020-05-13 Montres Breguet S.A. Governor for a watch

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7568831B2 (en) 2006-10-06 2009-08-04 Tiffany & Co. Watch Center Ag Tourbillion-type timepiece movement
WO2012140112A1 (en) 2011-04-14 2012-10-18 Complitime Sa Timepiece movement
WO2013004782A1 (en) 2011-07-07 2013-01-10 Gfpi S.A. Timepiece
US8956041B2 (en) 2011-07-07 2015-02-17 Gfpi S.A. Timepiece with tourbillon mechanism having a support

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE309559T1 (en) 2005-11-15
DE60207267D1 (en) 2005-12-15
WO2003017009A3 (en) 2003-06-05
WO2003017009A2 (en) 2003-02-27
DE60207267T2 (en) 2006-11-16
CH1419419H1 (en) 2022-03-15
EP1419419B1 (en) 2005-11-09
AU2002313572A1 (en) 2003-03-03

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