EP0133990B1 - Dispositif de détection de fumée fonctionnant selon le principe d'extinction et installation de détection d'incendie avec un tel dispositif de détection de fumée - Google Patents

Dispositif de détection de fumée fonctionnant selon le principe d'extinction et installation de détection d'incendie avec un tel dispositif de détection de fumée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0133990B1
EP0133990B1 EP84109118A EP84109118A EP0133990B1 EP 0133990 B1 EP0133990 B1 EP 0133990B1 EP 84109118 A EP84109118 A EP 84109118A EP 84109118 A EP84109118 A EP 84109118A EP 0133990 B1 EP0133990 B1 EP 0133990B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
transmitters
receivers
radiation
common plane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84109118A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0133990A1 (fr
Inventor
Peer Dr.-Ing. Thilo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to AT84109118T priority Critical patent/ATE30645T1/de
Publication of EP0133990A1 publication Critical patent/EP0133990A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0133990B1 publication Critical patent/EP0133990B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a smoke detector arrangement operating according to the extinction principle according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Smoke detectors are often used in fire alarm systems for the early detection of smoke.
  • optical smoke detectors are increasingly being used.
  • Scattered light detectors and extinction detectors are used.
  • the beam emitted by the light source is directed onto a light trap.
  • the optical axis of the receiver is inclined to the axis of the light source at a certain scattering angle. Normally no light falls on the receiver.
  • the smoke particles reflect and diffract the light so that it falls on the photoreceptor, which emits an electrical signal proportional to the incident intensity.
  • scatter detectors have the disadvantage of not being able to detect black, heavily soot-containing smoke from an incomplete combustion process.
  • Extinction detectors also known as transmitted light detectors, evaluate the intensity of a light beam weakened by smoke. According to this method, e.g. B. measured with high-quality equipment smoke densities. Detectors for practical use require large measuring path lengths between the transmitter and the receiver. For example, measuring distances of up to 100 meters are monitored. This requires a separate transmitting and receiving part as well as an extremely tight bundling of the transmitted light beams, for example to 1 degree or less, thus high-cost optics and complex, precise adjustment devices for the precise alignment of the light beam on the receiver and vice versa for the precise alignment of the receiver with the transmitter .
  • a smoke detector arrangement with a plurality of radiation transmitters and a radiation receiver arranged centrally to it is known, which receives the radiation from all radiation transmitters.
  • the receiver can have one or more photoelectric elements, which preferably receive radiation from a horizontal plane, wherein radiation-deflecting means and shielding means can be provided.
  • the smoke detector arrangement which works on the extinction principle, has one or more light transmitters and light receivers on a common plane, the transmitters and receivers not having a precise directional characteristic.
  • the radiation angles of the transmitting and receiving parts are relatively large, being in the vertical direction, i.e. perpendicular to the common plane are much smaller.
  • the transmitters and receivers of the extinction detectors which have a simple structure and are inexpensive to manufacture, can be installed on site without any adjustment effort and with the greatest possible sensitivity, so that no large assembly costs are incurred.
  • the transmitters and receivers are assigned to one another in a simple manner at a predeterminable distance which is considerably shorter than 200 m, for example 20 m.
  • the optical axes of the respective radiation lobes run almost parallel to the common plane.
  • transmitters and receivers can be arranged on the common level, for example on the ceiling, one transmitter transmitting in different directions, so that it has a cheese-box-shaped directional characteristic.
  • the receivers assigned to the transmitters have different reception directions, so that one receiver receives light beams from several transmitters.
  • the transmitters can expediently be equipped with several different ones Radiation directions are arranged in a matrix and a plurality of receivers around the transmitter in the form of a segment of a circle, for example in the form of a honeycomb, in the common plane. At least some of the receivers then also each have a plurality of reception directions.
  • the radiation angle in the common plane, ie normally the horizontal angle of 20 'or more.
  • the radiation angle is essentially smaller, for example 10 °.
  • This rough directional characteristic requires only very simple optics in the transmitter and receiver, e.g. B. in front of a light transmitter and a light receiver, a cylindrical lens. Adjustment devices for aligning the directional beam or the optical axis of transmitters or receivers are not required. The transmitters and receivers can be mounted without optical alignment aids.
  • the transmitter and receiver can be completely closed because no measuring chamber or smoke chamber is necessary, into which smoke must penetrate. This results in further advantages. Contamination of the measuring or smoke chamber is therefore no longer possible. This also eliminates the need for major maintenance for cleaning the detectors or replacing the detectors. Since the transmitters and receivers of the extinction detectors can have a sealed housing, the penetration of aggressive gases, dust or moisture is no longer possible. The optics of the light transmitters and receivers can be cleaned in a simple manner, so that no replacement of the detectors is necessary during maintenance.
  • the extinction detector arrangement according to the invention a faster alarm is possible because there is no delay because smoke first has to penetrate into the measuring or smoke chamber, the penetration being made more difficult by grids or labyrinths as with the ionization detector or scattered light detector.
  • the smoke detector arrangement according to the invention thus represents a real early warning system. Another advantage is that no dangerous radioactive preparations as with the ionization detector are required. This eliminates strict safety regulations, maintenance and disposal problems. Another advantage is that the extinction detector reacts to almost all types of smoke compared to the scattered light detector.
  • the extinction detector arrangement is used in a known pulse detector system.
  • DE-PS-23 41 087, 25 33 300 and 25 33 382 this system is described in which the individual detectors from a central station are queried one after the other in a predefined order for their analog detector measured value and several in the central station by logical links Measured values of one and the same and neighboring detectors fault and alarm criteria are derived.
  • the detectors can be identified individually.
  • the light receivers of the extinction detector are designed as analog value sensors and transmit their respective analog values to the control center when queried.
  • the individual light transmitters can be cyclically controlled by the control center and requested to send. However, the individual light transmitters can also transmit continuously.
  • each cooperating transmitter and receiver ie mutually assigned transmitter and receiver, are cyclically controlled or queried one after the other.
  • the central evaluation device can locate the source of the fire on the basis of logical links between the receiver signals.
  • the use of an extinction detector arrangement according to the invention in the pulse detector system also has the advantage that the basic sensitivity of the extinction detector can be set from the control center via control channels in the transmitter and in the receiver. A change in the components of the individual detectors due to aging can thus be countered by tracking the basic sensitivity of the extinction detector arrangement
  • Fig. 1 is a light transmitter S in plan view and at a distance A, z. B. 20 meters shown a light receiver E.
  • the transmitter S has a transmission lobe SK which has a radiation angle cp H.
  • the radiation angle (p H has a size of, for example, 20 degrees in the horizontal direction, ie perpendicular to the common plane.
  • the optical axis of the transmitter S and of the receiver E is denoted by OA.
  • the receiver E has a reception lobe EK, and likewise one in the horizontal direction has a large radiation angle ( PH , as the transmitter S.
  • the radiation angle in the vertical direction (cp v ) can be smaller than the radiation angle ( I / > H ) in the horizontal direction. This is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the transmitter S and the receiver E are again shown at a distance A in a common plane GE.
  • the side view shows that the radiation angle (p v in the vertical direction of the respective transmitting or receiving lobe SK or EK is smaller than the radiation angle ( PH in the horizontal direction.
  • the radiation angle (p v in the vertical direction, ie perpendicular to the common plane GE, Radiation angles of such sizes in the horizontal and vertical directions are sufficient to achieve sufficient radiation without adjustment effort, even with a distance between transmitter and receiver of 20 meters, and unnecessary downward lighting in the room is avoided by a smaller vertical angle.
  • Such a directional characteristic can easily be achieved with simple cylindrical lenses, but if such a directional characteristic is not necessary, the conical beam can be emitted at a certain angle in both the vertical and horizontal directions using a simple converging lens .
  • the transmitter S has two opposite radiation directions (transmission lobes SK1 and SK2), in each of which receivers with a reception lobe EK1 or EK2 are arranged.
  • the horizontal radiation angle is denoted by ( PH .
  • FIG. 4 shows another arrangement of a transmitter with two receivers.
  • the transmitter and the receiver are shown in the common plane and in plan view.
  • the transmitter S radiates in two different directions, which are at a certain angle, which is not shown here, to each other.
  • the receiver E1 is arranged in the transmitting lobe SK1
  • the receiver E2 is arranged in the transmitting lobe SK2.
  • FIG. 5 shows a top view of a transmitter with four symmetrically arranged transmission lobes SK1 to SK4, in each of which a receiver E1 to E4 is located.
  • the receivers E1 to E4 are circular segment-shaped, i.e. arranged in a polygon, in this case in a square around the transmitter S.
  • FIG. 6 shows a combination of a plurality of transmitters S1, S2,... Sn, which are arranged in a matrix and a plurality of receivers E1 to E6 or En, which are arranged in a segment of a circle around the transmitters. This is shown in a top view. The respective transmitting and receiving lobes are no longer shown here, rather measuring sections MS are shown between the transmitters and the receivers.
  • the measuring path MS11 exists between the receiver E1 and the transmitter S1.
  • the transmitter S1 also has three further symmetrically arranged radiation directions in which the receivers E2 to E4 are arranged, so that, for example, the measuring path MS14 exists between the transmitter S1 and the receiver E4.
  • the receiver E4 with a further reception direction which is represented here by the measuring path MS24, also lies in the one light beam of the transmitter S2.
  • the transmitter S1 has a very rough directional characteristic a relatively wide angle of light radiation, for example 20 degrees
  • the transmitter S1 can also hit a more distant receiver E5, which also has a large angle of radiation, with its light beam. This is shown with the measuring section MS15.
  • the receiver E5 therefore receives light from the transmitter S1 and from the transmitter S2 with a receiving lobe which has a wide radiation angle.
  • Such an arrangement of transmitters and receivers of extinction detectors will be provided for large rooms.
  • a particularly advantageous evaluation is carried out using the known pulse detector system, in which the receivers, as already described above, are designed as analog value sensors and can be queried individually in sequence. In this way it is possible with the central evaluation device to determine the exact location of a fire source.
  • a receiver E with a photodiode 5 is shown schematically in side view and top view in FIG. 7.
  • the receiver E has a housing 1 in which a photodiode 5 is arranged on an electrical assembly 2.
  • the housing 1 has an opening 4 or a lens (4), not shown here, into or through which the light of the transmitter can penetrate and fall onto the photodiode 5.
  • Base contacts 3 are also indicated on the housing.
  • a top view shows the photodiode 5 in the housing 1, the housing having the opening or the lens 4.
  • FIG. 8 shows a transmitter S with four different symmetrically arranged radiation directions. Accordingly, four transmitter diodes 6 are shown in the housing 1, which are arranged in a square. The housing also has, in this case four, openings 4. The diodes are arranged on the electrical assembly 2, which is connected to the base contacts 3.
  • This schematic representation is only intended to illustrate how the receivers and transmitters of an extinction detector arrangement according to the invention can be constructed.
  • the transmitter and photodiodes are expediently rubbed in the infrared range in order not to be disturbed by possible external light.
  • the radiation angles of the transmitters and receivers are much larger, i.e. they are a multiple of one degree and can preferably have an angle of 10 to 20 degrees.
  • the distance between transmitter and receiver is also considerably less than 100 meters, for example. Depending on the premises, a distance between transmitter and receiver will preferably be between 5 and 20 meters.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Dispositif de détection de fumée fonctionnant selon le principe d'extinction et comportant plusieurs émetteurs de lumière (S) et au moins un récepteur de lumière (E), qui sont disposés dans un plan commun (GE), et dans lequel les lobes d'émission et les lobes de réception (SK, EK) délimitant un angle déterminé de rayonnement (0) et les axes optiques (OA) des lobes respectifs de rayonnement (SK, SE) sont approximativement parallèles au plan commun (GE), et dans lequel le plan commun est parallèle au plafond de la pièce et les angles de rayonnement (<PH) de chacun des récepteurs de lumière (E) dans le plan commun (GE) sont nettement supérieurs aux angles de rayonnement (<Pv) perpendiculairement au plan commun (GE), caractérisé par le fait que les angles de rayonnement (ϕH) des émetteurs de lumière dans le plan commun (GE) sont nettement supérieurs aux angles de rayonnement (<Pv) perpendiculairement au plan commun (GE), et que les émetteurs et les récepteurs de lumière (S, E) possèdent un système optique simple (4), mais aucun dispositif d'ajustement pour la caractéristique de rayonnement.
2. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'émetteur respectif de lumière (S) comporte plusieurs lobes d'émission (SK1, SK2...) rayonnant dans des directions (MS1, MS2,...) différentes, et que le récepteur respectif de lumière (E3) comporte plusieurs lobes de réception réalisant une réception à partir de différentes directions (MS3, MS23), et que les émetteurs de lumière (S1, S2,...) sont disposés sous la forme d'une matrice et les récepteurs de lumière (E1, E2,...) sont disposés en forme de segments de cercles, alors que les lobes de réception s'étendent suivant différentes directions d'un récepteur sont associés à des émetteurs de lumière différents.
3. Dispositif suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait qu'un lobe de réception d'un récepteur est associé à plusieurs émetteurs
4. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les émetteurs et les récepteurs de lumière travaillent dans la plage de rayonnement infrarouge.
5. Installation d'avertissement d'incendie comportant un dispositif de détection de fumée suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les récepteurs de lumière sont réalisés sous la forme de capteurs de valeurs analogiques, pour un système connu de transmission d'impulsions, dans lequel les valeurs respectives de mesure fournies par les capteurs sont interrogées successivement dans le temps, selon une séquence prédéterminée, à partir du central et que des signalisations d'alarme ou de perturbation sont dérivées de ces valeurs, dans le central, auquel cas les différents émetteurs sont commandés de façon cyclique et les récepteurs associés aux émetteurs respectifs transmettent leurs valeurs analogiques respectives au central.
6. Installation d'avertissement d'incendie suivant la revendication 5, caractérisée par le fait que les émetteurs émettent de façon continue.
7. Installation d'avertissement d'incendie suivant la revendication 5, caractérisée par le fait que, dans le cas d'un ensemble combiné d'émetteurs et de récepteurs, un émetteur et un récepteur respectifs, qui coopèrent entre eux, sont commandés ou interrogés successivement dans le temps de façon cyclique à partir du central, auquel cas le foyer peut être localisé dans la direction centrale d'évaluation sur la base de combinaisons logiques des signaux des récepteurs identifiables individuellement.
EP84109118A 1983-08-03 1984-08-01 Dispositif de détection de fumée fonctionnant selon le principe d'extinction et installation de détection d'incendie avec un tel dispositif de détection de fumée Expired EP0133990B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84109118T ATE30645T1 (de) 1983-08-03 1984-08-01 Nach dem extinktionsprinzip arbeitende rauchmelder-anordnung und brandmeldeanlage mit derartiger rauchmelderanordnung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833328043 DE3328043A1 (de) 1983-08-03 1983-08-03 Nach dem extinktionsprinzip arbeitende rauchmelder-anordnung und brandmeldeanlage mit derartiger rauchmelderanordnung
DE3328043 1983-08-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0133990A1 EP0133990A1 (fr) 1985-03-13
EP0133990B1 true EP0133990B1 (fr) 1987-11-04

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EP84109118A Expired EP0133990B1 (fr) 1983-08-03 1984-08-01 Dispositif de détection de fumée fonctionnant selon le principe d'extinction et installation de détection d'incendie avec un tel dispositif de détection de fumée

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EP (1) EP0133990B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE30645T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3328043A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI83696B (fi) * 1987-01-27 1991-04-30 Halton Oy Foerfarande foer reglering av ventilation.

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH570017A5 (en) * 1972-02-19 1975-11-28 Guekos Georg Smoke detector employing pulsed light-emitting semiconductor element - with photoelement receiving emitted light after passage through detection zone
DE2533382C2 (de) * 1975-07-25 1980-07-03 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Übertragung von Meßwerten in einem Brandmeldesystem
CH592931A5 (fr) * 1976-03-18 1977-11-15 Cerberus Ag

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3328043A1 (de) 1985-02-21
DE3467266D1 (en) 1987-12-10
EP0133990A1 (fr) 1985-03-13
ATE30645T1 (de) 1987-11-15

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