EP0133990A1 - Dispositif de détection de fumée fonctionnant selon le principe d'extinction et installation de détection d'incendie avec un tel dispositif de détection de fumée - Google Patents

Dispositif de détection de fumée fonctionnant selon le principe d'extinction et installation de détection d'incendie avec un tel dispositif de détection de fumée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0133990A1
EP0133990A1 EP84109118A EP84109118A EP0133990A1 EP 0133990 A1 EP0133990 A1 EP 0133990A1 EP 84109118 A EP84109118 A EP 84109118A EP 84109118 A EP84109118 A EP 84109118A EP 0133990 A1 EP0133990 A1 EP 0133990A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
common plane
arrangement according
radiation
receiver
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84109118A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0133990B1 (fr
Inventor
Peer Dr.-Ing. Thilo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to AT84109118T priority Critical patent/ATE30645T1/de
Publication of EP0133990A1 publication Critical patent/EP0133990A1/fr
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Publication of EP0133990B1 publication Critical patent/EP0133990B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a smoke detector arrangement operating according to the extinction principle according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Smoke detectors are often used in fire alarm systems for the early detection of smoke.
  • optical smoke detectors are increasingly being used.
  • Scattered light detectors and extinction detectors are used.
  • the beam emitted by the light source is directed onto a light trap.
  • the optical axis of the receiver is inclined to the axis of the light source at a certain scattering angle. Normally no light falls on the receiver.
  • the smoke particles reflect and diffract the light so that it falls on the photoreceptor, which emits an electrical signal proportional to the incident intensity.
  • scatter detectors have the disadvantage of not being able to detect black, heavily soot-containing smoke from an incomplete combustion process.
  • Extinction detectors also known as transmitted light detectors, evaluate the intensity of a light beam weakened by smoke. According to this method, smoke densities are measured using high-quality equipment. Detectors for practical use require large measuring path lengths between the transmitter and the receiver. For example, measuring distances of up to 100 meters are monitored. This requires a separate send and Receiving part and an extremely tight bundling of the transmitted light beams, for example at 1 degree or less, thus high-quality optics and complex, precise adjustment devices for the precise alignment of the light beam on the receiver and vice versa for the precise alignment of the receiver to the transmitter. In addition, fluctuations in the intensity of the primary light source, contamination of the optics and aging of the components have a great influence, which must be reduced by complex electronic circuits. For this reason, such detectors have so far had little market importance. They are mainly suitable for monitoring large rooms, long and narrow corridors and the like, whereby the effort of careful assembly and adjustment on site is accepted.
  • the smoke detector arrangement according to the invention which works according to the extinction principle, has one or more light transmitters and light receivers in a common plane, the transmitters and receivers not having a precise directional characteristic.
  • the radiation angle of the transmitting and receiving parts is a multiple of one degree, for example 10 degrees.
  • the transmitters and receivers of the extinction detectors which therefore have a simple structure and are inexpensive to manufacture, In contrast to traditional extinction detectors, they can be installed on site without any adjustment effort, so that there are no high installation costs.
  • the transmitters and receivers are assigned to one another in a simple manner at a predeterminable distance which is considerably shorter than 100 meters.
  • the optical axes of the respective radiation lobes run almost parallel to the common plane.
  • transmitters and receivers are arranged in a common plane, for example on the ceiling, with one transmitter transmitting in different directions, so that it has a cheese-box-shaped directional characteristic.
  • the receivers assigned to the transmitters have different reception directions, so that one receiver receives light beams from several transmitters.
  • the transmitters with a plurality of different radiation directions can expediently be arranged in a matrix-like manner and a plurality of receivers around the transmitters in the form of a segment of a circle, for example honeycomb-like, in the common plane. At least some of the receivers then also each have a plurality of reception directions.
  • the radiation angle in the common plane ie normally the horizontal angle, 20 degrees or greater.
  • the radiation angle in the vertical direction ie perpendicular to the common plane.
  • the radiation angle is smaller. It can be 10 degrees or more, for example, since it is not necessary to illuminate downwards when the extinction detectors are mounted on the ceiling.
  • This rough directional characteristic requires in the transmitter and receiver only very simple optics, for example a cylindrical lens in front of a light transmitter and a light receiver. Adjustment devices for aligning the directional beam or the optical axis of transmitters or receivers are not required.
  • the transmitters and receivers can be mounted without optical alignment aids.
  • the transmitter and receiver can be completely closed because no measuring chamber or smoke chamber is necessary, into which smoke must penetrate. This results in further advantages. Contamination of the measuring or smoke chamber is therefore no longer possible. This also eliminates the need for major maintenance for cleaning the detectors or replacing the detectors. Since the transmitters and receivers of the extinction detectors can have a sealed housing, the penetration of aggressive gases, dust or moisture is no longer possible. The optics of the light transmitters and receivers can be cleaned in a simple manner, so that no replacement of the detectors is necessary during maintenance.
  • the extinction detector arrangement according to the invention a faster alarm is possible because there is no delay because smoke first has to penetrate into the measuring or smoke chamber, the penetration being made more difficult by grids or labyrinths as in the case of the ionization detector or scattered light detector.
  • the smoke detector arrangement according to the invention thus represents a real early warning system. Another advantage is that no dangerous radioactive preparations as with the ionization detector are required. This eliminates strict safety regulations, maintenance and disposal problems. Another advantage is that the extinction detector reacts to almost all types of smoke compared to the scattered light detector.
  • extinction detector arrangement is used in a known pulse detector system.
  • This system is described in DE-PS 23 41 087, 25 33 300 and 25 33 382 in which the individual detectors are sequentially queried from a central station for their analog detector measured value one after the other in a predeterminable order, and from this in the central station a plurality of measured values is obtained by logical combinations fault and alarm criteria can be derived from one and the same detector.
  • the detectors can be identified individually.
  • the light receivers of the extinction detector are designed as analog value sensors and transmit their respective analog values to the control center when queried.
  • the individual light transmitters can be cyclically controlled by the control center and requested to send. However, the individual light transmitters can also transmit continuously.
  • each transmitter and receiver that is to say transmitters and receivers assigned to one another, are expediently cyclically activated or queried one after the other in the pulse detector system.
  • the central evaluation device can locate the source of the fire on the basis of logical links between the receiver signals.
  • the use of an extinction detector arrangement according to the invention in the pulse detector system also has the advantage that the basic sensitivity of the extinction detector can be set from the control center via control channels in the transmitter and in the receiver. An aging-related change in the components of the individual detectors can thus be countered by tracking the basic sensitivity of the extinction detector arrangement.
  • Fig. 1 is a light transmitter S in plan view and at a distance A, e.g. 20 meters, a light receiver E shown.
  • the transmitter S has a transmission lobe SK which has a radiation angle ⁇ H.
  • the radiation angle ⁇ H has in the horizontal direction, i.e. perpendicular to the common plane, for example a size of 20 degrees.
  • the optical axis of the transmitter S and the receiver E is designated 0A.
  • the receiver E has a receiving lobe EK which has a radiation angle ⁇ H in the horizontal direction that is as large as that of the transmitter S.
  • the radiation angle in the vertical direction ( ⁇ V) can be smaller than the radiation angle ( ⁇ H) in the horizontal direction. This is shown in Figure 2.
  • the transmitter S and the receiver E are again shown at a distance A in a common plane GE.
  • the side view shows that the radiation angles ⁇ V in the vertical direction of the respective transmitting or receiving lobe SK or EK are smaller than the radiation angles ⁇ H in the horizontal direction.
  • the radiation angle ⁇ V in the vertical direction ie perpendicular to the common plane GE, can be 10 degrees. Beam angles of such sizes in the horizontal and vertical directions are off sufficient to achieve sufficient radiation without adjustment effort even with a distance between transmitter and receiver of 20 meters. A smaller vertical angle prevents unnecessary lighting downwards into the room.
  • Such a directional characteristic can be easily achieved with simple cylindrical lenses. However, if such a directional characteristic is not necessary, the conical beam can be emitted in a simple manner at a certain angle both in the vertical and in the horizontal direction, and a simple converging lens can be used for this purpose.
  • the transmitter S has two opposite radiation directions (transmission lobes SKI and SK2), in each of which receivers with a reception lobe EK1 or EK2 are arranged.
  • the horizontal radiation angle is designated by ⁇ H.
  • FIG. 4 shows another arrangement of a transmitter with two receivers.
  • the transmitter and the receiver are shown in the common plane and in plan view.
  • the transmitter S radiates in two different directions, which are at a certain angle, which is not shown here, to each other.
  • the receiver E1 is arranged in the transmitting lobe SKI
  • the receiver E2 is arranged in the transmitting lobe SK2.
  • FIG. 5 shows a top view of a transmitter with four symmetrically arranged transmission lobes SKI to SK4, in each of which a receiver E1 to E4 is located.
  • the receivers EI to E4 are circular segment-shaped, i.e. arranged around the transmitter S in a polygon, in this case in a square.
  • FIG. 6 shows a combination of a plurality of transmitters S1, S2,... Sn, which are arranged in a matrix and a plurality of receivers E1 to E6 or En, which are arranged in a segment of a circle around the transmitters. This is shown in top view. The respective transmitting and receiving lobes are no longer shown here, rather measuring sections MS are shown between the transmitters and the receivers.
  • the measuring section M Sll exists between the receiver E1 and the transmitter S1.
  • the transmitter S1 also has three further symmetrically arranged radiation directions in which the receivers E2 to E4 are arranged, so that, for example, the measuring path MS14 exists between the transmitter S1 and the receiver E4.
  • the one light beam of the transmitter S2 also contains the receiver E4 with a further reception direction, which is represented here by the measuring path MS24.
  • the transmitter S1 has a very rough directional characteristic with a relatively wide light radiation angle, for example 20 degrees
  • the transmitter S1 can also hit a receiver E5 which is arranged further away and also has a large radiation angle with its light beam. This is shown with the measuring section MS15.
  • the receiver E5 therefore receives light from the transmitter S1 and from the transmitter S2 with a receiving lobe which has a wide radiation angle.
  • Such an arrangement of transmitters and receivers of extinction detectors will be provided for large rooms.
  • a particularly advantageous evaluation is carried out using the known pulse detector system, in which the receivers, as already described above, are designed as analog value sensors and can be queried one after the other. In this way it is possible with the central evaluation device to determine the exact location of a fire source.
  • a receiver E with a photodiode 5 is shown schematically in side view and top view in FIG. 7.
  • the receiver E has a housing 1 in which a photodiode 5 is arranged on an electrical assembly 2.
  • the housing 1 has an opening 4 or a lens (4), not shown here, into or through which the light of the transmitter can penetrate and fall onto the photodiode 5.
  • Base contacts 3 are also indicated on the housing.
  • a top view shows the photodiode 5 in the housing 1, the housing having the opening or the lens 4.
  • FIG. 8 shows a transmitter S with four different symmetrically arranged radiation directions. Accordingly, four transmitter diodes 6 are shown in the housing 1, which are arranged in a square. The housing also has, in this case four, openings 4. The diodes are arranged on the electrical assembly 2, which is connected to the base contacts 3.
  • This schematic representation is only intended to illustrate how the receivers and transmitters of an extinction detector arrangement according to the invention can be constructed.
  • the transmitter and photodiodes are expediently rubbed in the infrared range in order not to be disturbed by possible external light.
  • the radiation angles of the transmitters and receivers are much larger, i.e. they are a multiple of one degree and can preferably have an angle of 10 to 20 degrees.
  • the distance between transmitter and receiver is also considerably less than 100 meters, for example. Depending on the premises, a distance between transmitter and receiver will preferably be between 5 and 20 meters.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
EP84109118A 1983-08-03 1984-08-01 Dispositif de détection de fumée fonctionnant selon le principe d'extinction et installation de détection d'incendie avec un tel dispositif de détection de fumée Expired EP0133990B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84109118T ATE30645T1 (de) 1983-08-03 1984-08-01 Nach dem extinktionsprinzip arbeitende rauchmelder-anordnung und brandmeldeanlage mit derartiger rauchmelderanordnung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3328043 1983-08-03
DE19833328043 DE3328043A1 (de) 1983-08-03 1983-08-03 Nach dem extinktionsprinzip arbeitende rauchmelder-anordnung und brandmeldeanlage mit derartiger rauchmelderanordnung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0133990A1 true EP0133990A1 (fr) 1985-03-13
EP0133990B1 EP0133990B1 (fr) 1987-11-04

Family

ID=6205684

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84109118A Expired EP0133990B1 (fr) 1983-08-03 1984-08-01 Dispositif de détection de fumée fonctionnant selon le principe d'extinction et installation de détection d'incendie avec un tel dispositif de détection de fumée

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0133990B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE30645T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3328043A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988005517A1 (fr) * 1987-01-27 1988-07-28 Halton Oy Procede et dispositif de commande de ventilation

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH570017A5 (en) * 1972-02-19 1975-11-28 Guekos Georg Smoke detector employing pulsed light-emitting semiconductor element - with photoelement receiving emitted light after passage through detection zone
DE2533382B1 (de) * 1975-07-25 1976-10-21 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zur UEbertragung von Messwerten in einem Brandmeldesystem
DE2703225A1 (de) * 1976-03-18 1977-09-22 Cerberus Ag Rauchdetektor-anordnung

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH570017A5 (en) * 1972-02-19 1975-11-28 Guekos Georg Smoke detector employing pulsed light-emitting semiconductor element - with photoelement receiving emitted light after passage through detection zone
DE2533382B1 (de) * 1975-07-25 1976-10-21 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zur UEbertragung von Messwerten in einem Brandmeldesystem
DE2703225A1 (de) * 1976-03-18 1977-09-22 Cerberus Ag Rauchdetektor-anordnung

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988005517A1 (fr) * 1987-01-27 1988-07-28 Halton Oy Procede et dispositif de commande de ventilation
US4903894A (en) * 1987-01-27 1990-02-27 Halton Oy Ventilation control procedure and ventilation control means

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0133990B1 (fr) 1987-11-04
DE3467266D1 (en) 1987-12-10
DE3328043A1 (de) 1985-02-21
ATE30645T1 (de) 1987-11-15

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