EP0129679B1 - Proximity fuze arrangement for missiles - Google Patents

Proximity fuze arrangement for missiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0129679B1
EP0129679B1 EP84105153A EP84105153A EP0129679B1 EP 0129679 B1 EP0129679 B1 EP 0129679B1 EP 84105153 A EP84105153 A EP 84105153A EP 84105153 A EP84105153 A EP 84105153A EP 0129679 B1 EP0129679 B1 EP 0129679B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuse
proximity
housing
electrical
igniter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84105153A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0129679A1 (en
Inventor
Robert Apothéloz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Air Defence AG
Original Assignee
Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon Buhrle AG
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Publication of EP0129679A1 publication Critical patent/EP0129679A1/en
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Publication of EP0129679B1 publication Critical patent/EP0129679B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/28—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges operated by flow of fluent material, e.g. shot, fluids
    • F42C15/31—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges operated by flow of fluent material, e.g. shot, fluids generated by the combustion of a pyrotechnic or explosive charge within the fuze
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C1/00—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
    • F42C1/14—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact operating at a predetermined distance from ground or target by means of a protruding member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C13/00—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/14—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a distance ignition device for a projectile, which contains a mechanical igniter with essential igniter parts and a detonator, which is designed as a plug-on adapter, with an adapter housing, which is designed as a carrier of the functional parts of the detonator and with means for mounting on the detonator Storey.
  • Another known distance igniter of this type (see US-A-3 124 073) has a cylindrical metal housing on which a nose made of insulating material is placed. An electronic proximity fuse with a ring-shaped antenna is attached to this nose. With such a detonator, the projectile can be ignited as soon as it is at a distance of e.g. Located 1-15 meters from the target.
  • the object which is to be achieved with the present invention is to create an igniter which can work either as a strike igniter or as a proximity igniter, depending on which function is desired.
  • a head igniter having impact and delay functions is inserted into a distance igniter by plugging in an adapter, e.g. can be converted in the field, which means that it can be used economically, in that the expensive electronics are only used when required, or saved when used without a distance function.
  • the adapter can be kept short and light, so that the ballistics of the projectile are practically unchanged.
  • An actuation button 13 is arranged in the tip of the head igniter 11 and is used to move an ignition pin 14.
  • igniters are known and are therefore not explained in detail here.
  • an adapter 20 which is provided as a distance ignition device, is placed on and attached to the head igniter 11.
  • An adapter housing 21 contains, from top to bottom, a distance sensor 22 with associated electronic circuit board 23, an electrolyte battery with contact pin 24, electrode stack 25 and electrolyte housing 26 as an electrical current source for supplying the distance ignition device with the required electrical energy, an electrical primer, or here an electrical one Gas pressure capsule 27, and means for attaching the adapter housing 21 to the igniter 11.
  • These means consist in the use of three pins 28 arranged uniformly on the circumference of the igniter 11, which form a bayonet catch with corresponding recesses 29 in the adapter housing 21, such that a annular wing 30 of the adapter housing 21 fits snugly against the ogive of the igniter 11.
  • a part 31 which contains the electrolyte housing 26 and the gas pressure capsule 27, is axially displaceably arranged in the adapter housing 21 through a groove-shaped recess 32 into which a pin 33 fastened in the adapter housing 21 projects.
  • Another annular wing 35 on part 31 supports the tight fit between adapter 20 and igniter 11.
  • an adapter 20 is placed on a detonator 11 fastened in a storey 10 by means of a bayonet catch. Due to the firing shock, when the projectile is fired, the electrode stack 25 breaks through a predetermined breaking point 36 attached to the cover of the electrolyte housing 26 and now forms, together with the stationary electrolyte housing 26, an activatable electrolyte battery. A sealing ring 34 ensures that the electrolyte liquid cannot flow into the now empty space. After a certain activation time, a voltage is available at the battery poles for the distance and ignition electronics.
  • the electrical connection can be made, for example, via the contact pin and an insulated attached contact ring with corresponding contact points on the circuit board.
  • a distance sensor of a known type for example in accordance with DE 2 608 066 C2, DE 2 456 162 C2 or DE 2 949 521 C2, now continuously measures the distance to a target and ignites the ignition means, in this case the electrical gas pressure capsule, within a predetermined distance from the target 27 via electrical contact tracks 41 and 42 and contact points 43 and 44.
  • the gas pressure capsule 27 in turn presses the actuation button 13 of the head igniter and thereby triggers the projectile ignition via the ignition pin 14.
  • the functions of handling, transport and a certain safety against falling for the adapter 20 as an individual part are ensured by the electrode housing 26 being held stationary only by being placed on the head igniter. But even in this position, a predetermined breaking point 36 must first be broken through by the action of force in order to activate the battery, which also ensures that the load is secure.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Abstandszündeinrichtung für ein Geschoss, das einen mechanischen Kopfzünder mit wesentlichen Zünderteilen und einen Abstandszünder enthält, der als aufsetzbarer Adapter ausgebildet ist, mit einem Adaptergehäuse, das als Träger der Funktionsteile des Abstandszünders ausgebildet ist und mit Mitteln zum Aufsetzen auf den Kopfzünder des Geschosses.The invention relates to a distance ignition device for a projectile, which contains a mechanical igniter with essential igniter parts and a detonator, which is designed as a plug-on adapter, with an adapter housing, which is designed as a carrier of the functional parts of the detonator and with means for mounting on the detonator Storey.

Bei einem bekannten Abstandszünder dieser Art (siehe GB-A-218 586) wird auf einen Aufschlagzünder ein Adaptergehäuse vorne aufgesetzt. Am vorderen Ende dieses Adaptergehäuses befindet sich ein zweiter Aufschlagzünder, welcher in der Lage ist, den ersten, weiter hinten befindlichen Aufschlagzünder auszulösen. Mit diesem Abstandszünder ist es daher möglich, das Geschoss im Abstand von z.B. 10-50 Zentimetern vom Ziel entfernt zu zünden, je nach der Länge des Adaptergehäuses.In a known distance igniter of this type (see GB-A-218 586), an adapter housing is placed on the front of an impact igniter. At the front end of this adapter housing there is a second impact detonator, which is able to trigger the first impact detonator located further back. With this distance detonator it is therefore possible to place the projectile at a distance of e.g. Ignite 10-50 centimeters from target, depending on the length of the adapter housing.

Bei einem anderen bekannten Abstandszünder dieser Art (siehe US-A-3 124 073) ist ein zylindrisches Metallgehäuse vorhanden, auf das eine Nase aus isolierendem Material aufgesetzt ist. An dieser Nase ist ein elektronischer Annäherungszünder mit einer ringförmigen Antenne befestigt. Mit einem solchen Zünder kann das Geschoss bereits gezündet werden, sobald es sich im Abstand von z.B. 1-15 Metern vom Ziel befindet.Another known distance igniter of this type (see US-A-3 124 073) has a cylindrical metal housing on which a nose made of insulating material is placed. An electronic proximity fuse with a ring-shaped antenna is attached to this nose. With such a detonator, the projectile can be ignited as soon as it is at a distance of e.g. Located 1-15 meters from the target.

Es wird noch auf einen weiteren Abstandszünder dieser Art hingewiesen (siehe US-A-3 877 378), der einen elektronischen Annäherungszünder aufweist, bei dem jedoch besondere Vorkehrungen getroffen sind, dass der elektronische Annäherungszünder nicht nur bei schönem Wetter und trockener Luft zuverlässig arbeitet, sondern auch bei Regenwetter.Attention is drawn to a further distance igniter of this type (see US-A-3 877 378) which has an electronic proximity fuse, but in which special precautions have been taken to ensure that the electronic proximity fuse does not only work reliably in nice weather and dry air, but also in rainy weather.

Die Aufgabe, welche mit der vorliegenden Erfindung gelöst werden soll, besteht in der Schaffung eines Zünders, der wahlweise als Aufschlagzünder oder als Annäherungszünder arbeiten kann, je nachdem welche Funktion gewünscht wird.The object which is to be achieved with the present invention is to create an igniter which can work either as a strike igniter or as a proximity igniter, depending on which function is desired.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass der Abstandszünder ein elektronischerZünder ist und folgende Teile aufweist:

  • - einen Abstandssensor mit zugehöriger Auswerte- und Zündkreisschaltung,
  • - eine elektrische Stromquelle,
  • - eine elektrische Zündkapsel zur Betätigung eines Zündstiftes des Kopfzünders.
According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the distance igniter is an electronic igniter and has the following parts:
  • - a distance sensor with associated evaluation and ignition circuit,
  • - an electrical power source,
  • - An electrical primer for actuating a firing pin of the head igniter.

Die durch die Erfindung erreichten Vorteile sind im wesentlichen darin zu sehen, dass ein Aufschlags- und Verzögerungsfunktionen aufweisender Kopfzünder in einen Abstandszünder durch Aufstecken eines Adapters z.B. im Felde umgewandelt werden kann, wodurch ein wirtschaftlicher Einsatz gegeben ist, indem die teure Elektronik nur bei Bedarf verwertet, bzw. beim Einsatz ohne Abstandsfunktion eingespart wird. Ferner kann der Adapter kurz und leicht gehalten werden, sodass die Ballistik des Geschosses praktisch nicht verändert wird.The advantages achieved by the invention are essentially to be seen in the fact that a head igniter having impact and delay functions is inserted into a distance igniter by plugging in an adapter, e.g. can be converted in the field, which means that it can be used economically, in that the expensive electronics are only used when required, or saved when used without a distance function. Furthermore, the adapter can be kept short and light, so that the ballistics of the projectile are practically unchanged.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung, welche ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellt, erläutert:The invention is explained below with reference to a drawing which represents an exemplary embodiment:

In einem Geschosskörper 10 ist ein Kopfzünder 11 mit Momentan- (Aufschlag) und Verzögerungsfunktionen, umstellbar durch die Schaltvorrichtung 12, eingeschraubt. In der Spitze des Kopfzünders 11 ist ein Betätigungsknopf 13 angeordnet, der zum Verschieben eines Zündstiftes 14 dient. Solche Kopfzünder sind bekannt und werden hier deshalb nicht näher erläutert.In a projectile body 10, a detonator 11 with instantaneous (impact) and delay functions, which can be changed by the switching device 12, is screwed in. An actuation button 13 is arranged in the tip of the head igniter 11 and is used to move an ignition pin 14. Such igniters are known and are therefore not explained in detail here.

Erfindungsgemäss auf den Kopfzünder 11 aufgesetzt und daran befestigt ist ein Adapter 20, der als Abstandszündeinrichtung vorgesehen ist. Ein Adaptergehäuse 21 enthält von oben nach unten einen Abstandssensor 22 mit zugehöriger elektronischer Schaltungsplatte 23, eine Elektrolytbatterie mit Kontaktstift 24, Elektrodenstapel 25 und Elektrolytgehäuse 26 als elektrische Stromquelle zur Versorgung der Abstandszündeinrichtung mit der benötigten elektrischen Energie, eine elektrische Zündkapsel, bzw. hier eine elektrische Gasdruckkapsel 27, und Mittel zur Befestigung des Adaptergehäuses 21 auf dem Kopfzünder 11. Diese Mittel bestehen hier in der Verwendung von drei gleichmässig am Umfang des Kopfzünders 11 angeordneten Stiften 28, welche mit entsprechenden Ausnehmungen 29 im Adaptergehäuse 21 einen Bajonettverschluss bilden, derart, dass eine ringförmige Tragfläche 30 des Adaptergehäuses 21 satt an der Ogive des Kopfzünders 11 anliegt. Ein Teil 31, der das Elektrolytgehäuse 26 und die Gasdruckkapsel 27 enthält, ist im Adaptergehäuse 21, durch eine nutförmige Ausnehmung 32, in welche ein im Adaptergehäuse 21 befestigter Stift 33 hineinragt, axial verschiebbar angeordnet. Eine weitere ringförmige Tragfläche 35 am Teil 31 unterstützt den festen Sitz zwischen Adapter 20 und Kopfzünder 11.According to the invention, an adapter 20, which is provided as a distance ignition device, is placed on and attached to the head igniter 11. An adapter housing 21 contains, from top to bottom, a distance sensor 22 with associated electronic circuit board 23, an electrolyte battery with contact pin 24, electrode stack 25 and electrolyte housing 26 as an electrical current source for supplying the distance ignition device with the required electrical energy, an electrical primer, or here an electrical one Gas pressure capsule 27, and means for attaching the adapter housing 21 to the igniter 11. These means consist in the use of three pins 28 arranged uniformly on the circumference of the igniter 11, which form a bayonet catch with corresponding recesses 29 in the adapter housing 21, such that a annular wing 30 of the adapter housing 21 fits snugly against the ogive of the igniter 11. A part 31, which contains the electrolyte housing 26 and the gas pressure capsule 27, is axially displaceably arranged in the adapter housing 21 through a groove-shaped recess 32 into which a pin 33 fastened in the adapter housing 21 projects. Another annular wing 35 on part 31 supports the tight fit between adapter 20 and igniter 11.

Die Wirkungsweise der beschriebenen Abstandszündeinrichtung ist folgende:The operation of the distance ignition device described is as follows:

Ist ein Bedarf für einen Abstandszünder z.B. im Feld gegeben, so wird ein Adapter 20 auf einen in einem Geschoss 10 befestigten Kopfzünder 11 mittels Bajonettverschluss aufgesetzt. Durch den Abschussschock, beim Abschuss des Geschosses, durchbricht der Elektrodenstapel 25 eine am Deckel des Elektrolytgehäuses 26 angebrachte Sollbruchstelle 36 und bildet nun, zusammen mit dem ortsfesten Elektrolytgehäuse 26, eine aktivierbare Elektrolytbatterie. Ein Dichtring 34 sorgt dafür, dass die Elektrolytflüssigkeit nicht in den nun leeren Raum abfliessen kann. Nach einer bestimmten Aktivierzeit steht an den Batteriepolen eine Spannung für die Abstands- und Zündelektronik bereit. Die elektrische Verbindung kann beispielsweise über den Kontaktstift und einen daran isoliert angebrachten Kontaktring mit entsprechenden Kontaktstellen der Schaltungsplatte erfolgen. Ein Abstandssensor bekannter Art, z.B. gemäss DE 2 608 066 C2, DE 2 456 162 C2 oder DE 2 949 521 C2 misst nun laufend die Entfernung zu einem Ziel und zündet innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Abstandes vom Ziel das Zündmittel, in diesem Fall die elektrische Gasdruckkapsel 27 über elektrische Kontaktbahnen 41 und 42 sowie Kontaktstellen 43 und 44. Die Gasdruckkapsel 27 ihrerseits drückt simultan den Betätigungsknopf 13 des Kopfzünders und löst dadurch über den Zündstift 14 die Geschosszündung aus.If there is a need for a detonator, for example in the field, an adapter 20 is placed on a detonator 11 fastened in a storey 10 by means of a bayonet catch. Due to the firing shock, when the projectile is fired, the electrode stack 25 breaks through a predetermined breaking point 36 attached to the cover of the electrolyte housing 26 and now forms, together with the stationary electrolyte housing 26, an activatable electrolyte battery. A sealing ring 34 ensures that the electrolyte liquid cannot flow into the now empty space. After a certain activation time, a voltage is available at the battery poles for the distance and ignition electronics. The electrical connection can be made, for example, via the contact pin and an insulated attached contact ring with corresponding contact points on the circuit board. A distance sensor of a known type, for example in accordance with DE 2 608 066 C2, DE 2 456 162 C2 or DE 2 949 521 C2, now continuously measures the distance to a target and ignites the ignition means, in this case the electrical gas pressure capsule, within a predetermined distance from the target 27 via electrical contact tracks 41 and 42 and contact points 43 and 44. The gas pressure capsule 27 in turn presses the actuation button 13 of the head igniter and thereby triggers the projectile ignition via the ignition pin 14.

Durch die Verschiebbarkeit des Teiles 31 im Adaptergehäuse 21 werden die Funktionen Handhabungs-, Transport- und eine bestimmte Fallsicherheit für den Adapter 20 als Einzelteil gewährleistet, indem erst durch das Aufsetzen auf den Kopfzünder das Elektrodengehäuse 26 ortsfest gehalten wird. Aber auch in dieser Stellung muss durch Krafteinwirkung zuerst eine Sollbruchstelle 36 durchschlagen werden, um die Batterie zu aktivieren, womit auch Ladungssicherheit gegeben ist.

Figure imgb0001
Due to the displaceability of the part 31 in the adapter housing 21, the functions of handling, transport and a certain safety against falling for the adapter 20 as an individual part are ensured by the electrode housing 26 being held stationary only by being placed on the head igniter. But even in this position, a predetermined breaking point 36 must first be broken through by the action of force in order to activate the battery, which also ensures that the load is secure.
Figure imgb0001

Claims (4)

1. Proximity fuse arrangement for a projectile, which contains a mechanical nose fuse (11) with essential fuse parts (12, 13, 14) and with a proximity fuse (20) which is formed as attachable adaptor (20), with a housing (21) containing the functional parts of the proximity fuse (20) and with means (29, 30) for securing the housing on the nose fuse (11) of the projectile, characterised by the proximity fuse (20) being an electronic fuse and comprising:
- a proximity sensor (22) with its electronic control circuit board (23),
- a source of electrical power (25, 26),
- an electrical fuse capsule (27) for actuating a firing pin (14) of the nose fuse (11 ).
2. Proximity fuse arrangement according to claim 1 wherein the electrical fuse capsule is an electrical pressurized-gas capsule.
3. Proximity fuse arrangement according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the source of electrical power is an electrolyte battery having an electrode stack (25) and an electrolyte housing (26), activated only on the firing of the projectile.
4. Proximity fuse arrangement according to claim 3, wherein a section (31) containing the electrolyte housing (26) and the fuse capsule (27) is axial displaceable within the housing (21).
EP84105153A 1983-06-24 1984-05-07 Proximity fuze arrangement for missiles Expired EP0129679B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3448/83 1983-06-24
CH344883 1983-06-24

Publications (2)

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EP0129679A1 EP0129679A1 (en) 1985-01-02
EP0129679B1 true EP0129679B1 (en) 1987-04-22

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EP84105153A Expired EP0129679B1 (en) 1983-06-24 1984-05-07 Proximity fuze arrangement for missiles

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EP (1) EP0129679B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1262321A (en)
DE (2) DE3463295D1 (en)
NO (1) NO158196C (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105352376A (en) * 2015-09-24 2016-02-24 北京航天长征飞行器研究所 Small anti-high-overload touch switch

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4831932A (en) * 1987-08-17 1989-05-23 Honeywell Inc. Detonator
DE102021123375A1 (en) 2021-09-09 2023-03-09 Rwm Schweiz Ag Ignition device for ammunition, in particular medium-caliber ammunition, and associated method for detonating or self-destructing ammunition, in particular medium-caliber ammunition
DE102022106883A1 (en) 2022-03-23 2023-09-28 Rheinmetall Air Defence Ag Fuse unit for a detonator, use of the fuse unit and method for activating a detonator with this fuse unit

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3877378A (en) * 1954-09-28 1975-04-15 Us Army Safety and arming mechanism

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3124073A (en) * 1964-03-10 Proximity fuse
NL22029C (en) * 1923-08-16
DE1935392A1 (en) * 1969-07-11 1971-01-14 Schaberger & Co Gmbh Josef Ground clearance fuse, especially for wing-stabilized projectiles
NO140947C (en) * 1977-12-21 1979-12-12 Kongsberg Vapenfab As COMBINATION STANDS FOR MISSILES.
DE2829001C2 (en) * 1978-07-01 1983-09-22 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Warhead with a main active body and one or more secondary active bodies

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3877378A (en) * 1954-09-28 1975-04-15 Us Army Safety and arming mechanism

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105352376A (en) * 2015-09-24 2016-02-24 北京航天长征飞行器研究所 Small anti-high-overload touch switch

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0129679A1 (en) 1985-01-02
DE8414161U1 (en) 1984-08-30
NO158196B (en) 1988-04-18
CA1262321A (en) 1989-10-17
NO842278L (en) 1984-12-27
NO158196C (en) 1988-07-27
DE3463295D1 (en) 1987-05-27

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