EP0126962A2 - Instrument de musique électronique à clavier et dispositif pour son fonctionnement - Google Patents

Instrument de musique électronique à clavier et dispositif pour son fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0126962A2
EP0126962A2 EP84104525A EP84104525A EP0126962A2 EP 0126962 A2 EP0126962 A2 EP 0126962A2 EP 84104525 A EP84104525 A EP 84104525A EP 84104525 A EP84104525 A EP 84104525A EP 0126962 A2 EP0126962 A2 EP 0126962A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
subsystem
main system
bus
voice
memory
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84104525A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0126962A3 (fr
Inventor
Reinhard Franz
Wilfried Dipl.-Ing. Dittmar
Christian Dipl.-Phys. Scheidegger
Roland Dipl.-Math. Fröhlich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FRANZ, REINHARD
Original Assignee
Wersi Electronic GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wersi Electronic GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Wersi Electronic GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0126962A2 publication Critical patent/EP0126962A2/fr
Publication of EP0126962A3 publication Critical patent/EP0126962A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H7/00—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs
    • G10H7/002—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs using a common processing for different operations or calculations, and a set of microinstructions (programme) to control the sequence thereof
    • G10H7/004—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs using a common processing for different operations or calculations, and a set of microinstructions (programme) to control the sequence thereof with one or more auxiliary processor in addition to the main processing unit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic keyboard musical instrument with input elements, such as sound release buttons and digital and / or analog control elements, with a main system which has a main system bus having data, address and control lines and a main system computer having memory and microprocessor, and with at least one voice module, which is connected to the main system computer via the main system bus and forms sound signals from parameters supplied by it as a function of the actuated input elements, and to a method for operating such an electronic keyboard musical instrument.
  • input elements such as sound release buttons and digital and / or analog control elements
  • main system which has a main system bus having data, address and control lines and a main system computer having memory and microprocessor, and with at least one voice module, which is connected to the main system computer via the main system bus and forms sound signals from parameters supplied by it as a function of the actuated input elements, and to a method for operating such an electronic keyboard musical instrument.
  • each voice module generates the sound signal of a voice by piecing this signal point by point from stored digital values.
  • These digital values are stored in the main system data memory as a table or based on a calculation by the main system computer. Any changes to the input data ten almost immediately lead to a change in the memory content and thus a change in the sound signal.
  • the data memory becomes very large and the working speed of the microprocessor is no longer sufficient to generate all voices acoustically perfectly.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electronic keyboard musical instrument of the type described in the introduction, which works perfectly even when there are several voices or audio signals, but nevertheless reacts immediately to changes in the input data.
  • the voice module has a subsystem with a subsystem bus, which also has data, address and control lines, and a subsystem computer with a memory and microprocessor, and that a bus switch for data exchange between the main and subsystem is provided, which connects the subsystem memory alternately with the main system bus and the subsystem bus.
  • the main system computer is effectively relieved.
  • the main system computer only needs to calculate new parameters for the relevant voice when the input data changes and to transfer them to the subsystem memory via the bus switch.
  • the capacity of the main system computer is then available for other tasks. For example, it can poll I / O modules cyclically.
  • the additional work for the subsystem computer is low, since there are no high demands placed on either the microprocessor or the memory.
  • the bus switch that connects the subsystem memory alternately with the main system bus and the subsystem bus makes it practical Continuous data exchange between the main and subsystem, so that every change in the input data processed in the main system is transferred to the subsystem using the "real time method".
  • bus switch is designed for bidirectional data exchange.
  • the main system can therefore receive feedback signals from the voice module, which is useful for some modes of operation.
  • the bus switch and the subsystem memory can be operated at twice the clock frequency of the main system microprocessor. Both the main system bus and the subsystem bus are therefore connected to the subsystem memory in every cycle of the main system microprocessor. This means that data can be exchanged in every cycle of the main system microprocessor. This does not pose any technical difficulties either, because there are commercially available switches and memories that have a much higher working speed than a microprocessor.
  • subsystem memory consists exclusively of RAM memory areas. Not only parameters for the sound signals are then transferred from the main system to the subsystem, but also the respective control program. This increases the flexibility of the instrument.
  • the voice module has outputs for several voices dependent on the same subsystem computer. This further reduces the effort because a subsystem computer is not required for every voice.
  • a method for operating such an electronic keyboard musical instrument is characterized according to the invention in that the main system microprocessor and subsystem microprocessor are operated at the same clock frequency, but offset by half a cycle time, and in that the bus switch operates the subsystem memory during the second half of the cycle time of the main system microprocessor to the main system bus and to the subsystem bus during the second half of the cycle time of the subsystem microprocessor.
  • the time-delayed mode of operation of the two microprocessors gives the possibility that the subsystem can process data of the main system with a delay of only half a cycle time.
  • an operating mode is recommended in such a way that for each voice a sub-signal, the size of which corresponds to the instantaneous meaning of the voice in the overall sound, is written into the sub-system memory for each voice and if necessary, the main system computer compares all voucher signals and the voice with the smallest voucher signal stops. If the player requests a new voice, but all voice modules are still occupied, the voice that has the least importance in the overall sound and is therefore the least noticeable is stopped. The new voice can then take the place of the stopped voice.
  • the occupancy signal is derived from the volume of the tone signal of the voice.
  • parameters that change the voice can be updated from the main system computer via the bus switch into the subsystem memory while the subsystem is voting. Volume, frequency and other information can therefore be updated by the operator during the sound output.
  • the aforementioned modules are connected via a peripheral bus PB to a main system 3, which has a computer MC which contains a microprocessor CPU, a program memory ROM and a data memory RAM.
  • a main system computer which contains a microprocessor CPU, a program memory ROM and a data memory RAM.
  • the main system computer With the help of the main system computer, the States of the input elements consisting of the sound trigger buttons, the digital and the analog control elements are queried cyclically and recorded in the data memory RAM.
  • the main system computer MC also controls the display elements.
  • connection device C is connected to the audio bus AB, which enables the connection of sound carriers, e.g. cassettes.
  • Fig. 2 shows the structure of a voice module V1, which can generate four voices simultaneously, each voice being formed from two tone curves and two envelopes. Accordingly, the voice module V1 has eight output registers AR.
  • a subsystem 6 with a subsystem computer UMC which has a subsystem memory URAM and a subsystem microprocessor UCPU, is used for voice generation.
  • a bus switch BS can alternately connect the memory bus SB leading to the subsystem memory URAM with the main system bus HB and a subsystem bus UB.
  • the clock speed of the bus switch BS is twice as high as that of the main system computer MC and subsystem computer UMC. In this way, both the subsystem 6 can take over data from the main system 3 and the main system can take over data from the subsystem.
  • the main system loads the program for the subsystem as well as parameters for the four voices into the subsystem memory URAM.
  • the subsystem bus UB connects the subsystem computer UCPU, a multiple timer T, a memory access control circuit DMAC, a 12-bit digital-to-analog converter DAC1, an 8-channel multiplexer MUX1 with eight envelope register registers SH in the form of samples - And holding elements, a double-buffered 8-channel 8-bit digital-to-analog converter DAC2 and an arrangement of voice output switches designed as a crosspoint matrix CPM.
  • the subsystem microprocessor UCPU is used for initialization, the calculation of the envelopes and the programming of the multiple timer T, the memory access control circuit DMAC and the crosspoint matrix CPM.
  • the multiple timer T determines the frequency of the four voices and the repetition frequency of the envelope calculation. He therefore gives four independent of each other Time signals TO, namely a sequence of time signals with the multiple frequency of the voices for each voice.
  • the memory access control circuit DMAC causes the tone curve digital values for the four voices to be read out repeatedly from the subsystem memory URAM.
  • the digital-to-analog converter DAC1 carries out the digital-to-analog conversion of the envelopes of the four voices, the individual values of which are then transferred to the envelope register register SH via a line HK and the multiplexer MUX1. Eight different envelope voltages are therefore applied to the DAC2 digital-to-analog converter via the HKB envelope bus.
  • this converter receives individual values from a table stored in the URAM data memory in order to generate eight tone curves. These values are transferred in eight channels via an intermediate memory ZS to digital output registers AR, multiplied by the respective envelope voltage and then passed as analog audio signals to the corresponding line of the 8-channel audio signal bus TSB. By means of the crosspoint matrix CPM, the audio signals are switched to one or more lines of the audio bus AB or switched off from these lines.
  • the main system writes parameters (e.g. about 170 bytes) to the subsystem via the BS bus switch Memory URAM and then issues a start command to this memory.
  • the subsystem microprocessor UCPU can read this start command after the next switchover of the bus switch and then generates the corresponding voice by setting the timer T, activating the memory access control circuit DMAC, connecting the crosspoint matrix CPM to the desired audio channel and envelopes calculates and outputs.
  • the timer T outputs time signals TO with a multiple of the desired frequency to the sequence control circuit ALO for the selected voice.
  • This sends a transfer command DREQ to the memory access control circuit DMAC, which retrieves digital values of a tone curve for the selected voice from the subsystem memory URAM.
  • the sequence control circuit ALO is actuated by an acknowledgment signal DACK in order to emit a write signal WR to the buffer store ZS of the associated channel of the digital / analog converter DAC2.
  • a priority circuit in the sequence control circuit ALO ensures that the transmission command DREQ belonging to the second tone curve of the selected voice and the corresponding write command WR are delayed by one working cycle.
  • the digital values belonging to the same time signal are therefore written into the buffer of the corresponding channels of the digital-to-analog converter DAC2 at different times.
  • a digital output register AR is connected downstream of the buffer store ZS, into which the buffer store values are transferred when a store command XFER occurs will wear. This filing command occurs simultaneously with the time signal TO. The data, which is read in with a time offset, is therefore simultaneously converted and output from the output register ZR onto the audio signal bus TSB. The same time shift of the transmission commands DREQ also occurs if the time signals of two voices should occur at the same time.
  • the digital-to-analog converter DAC1 compiles the envelopes for the different sound signals from digital values calculated in the subsystem. Since this takes place in the time-division multiplex method, the analog values output via the one channel HK are distributed to the envelope register register SH using the multiplexer MUX1. The envelope curve voltages thus formed serve as a multiplication factor for the tone curve values supplied from the digital output register AR.
  • variable sounds can also be produced, for example a guitar with a string tone + plucked plectrum or, in the case of a pan flute, a sinus tone + noise or a beat due to opposite amplitude modulation of the components.
  • the subsystem microprocessor UCPU writes a voucher signal for each voice in the subsystem memory URAM, where the main system microprocessor CPU can call it up.
  • the occupancy signal corresponds to the current volume of the voice and therefore gives a measure of its importance of the voice in the overall sound. If the sound is percussive, it will fade out automatically and the subsystem will report this with the voucher signal zero.
  • the main system can search for a voice module that is not fully occupied or, if all voices are currently occupied, search for the one with the lowest voucher signal and issue an abort command for it.
  • the UCPU subsystem microprocessor reads this command and turns off the voice, whereupon the voucher signal goes to zero. Now the main system can start the new voice.
  • the main system computer checks whether this sound signal is still running in the subsystem, that is to say that it is not percussive and has not yet been stopped, or that the percussive sound has not yet fully decayed. If necessary, he writes a release command for this voice in the subsystem memory URAM. The subsystem then goes to the release phase for the envelope calculation, which is shorter or longer depending on the envelope type and reports itself free with the receipt signal zero when the envelope has completely decayed.
  • the main system tracks the sub-system memories URAM at certain addresses to the volume levels, slalom settings and possibly other parameters that may change during the tone duration.
  • the voice output switches arranged as a crosspoint matrix CPM are used to switch the voices to specific post-treatment channels, depending on the type, so that they can be retained in the effect modules E1 - E3, or to suppress interference signals completely away from the audio bus lines when the voice is not busy.
  • the operation of the bus switch, BS is illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • the top line shows the cycles N, N + 1, N + 2 ... of the main system microprocessor CPV, in the second line the cycles i, i + 1, i + 2 ... des offset by half the cycle duration UCPU subsystem microprocessor.
  • the third line shows the switching signal or the switching state of the bus switch BS.
  • the fourth line indicates how long the memory bus SB is connected to the main system bus HB and the subsystem bus UB.
  • the memory bus SB is always connected to the associated bus of the main system or the subsystem in the second half of the respective computer cycle. This means that each microprocessor CPU and UCPU can read and write the URAM subsystem memory as if it were normally connected to the associated bus. Since the URAM subsystem memory works faster than the microprocessors, it is permissible that it is only connected to the respective microprocessor over part of the cycle time.
  • the sequence control circuit ALO acts directly on the subsystem microprocessor UCPU and, when the transfer command DREQ occurs, the background program of this microprocessor is interrupted and a transfer program is started.
  • tone curves and envelopes are not simulated separately, but the digital values for the outgoing tone signal are calculated and put into the 1-channel digital-to-analog converter DAC3.
  • the outputs of the downstream multiplexer MUX2 can therefore be placed directly on the output register AR, which is connected to the crosspoint matrix CPM via the audio signal bus TSB stand.
  • the output register AR is preceded by a buffer store ZS which, when the store command XFER corresponding to a time signal TO occurs, simultaneously outputs the analog values of the sound signals belonging to the same voice into the output register, even if they were previously to have been treated in succession in the digital-to-analog converter DAC3 .
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a voice module that is only intended for one voice.
  • the values of the sound signal which are already composed of the envelope curve and the sound curve, are in turn calculated and combined in the digital-analog converter DAC4 to form a sound signal. This can be applied to one of several audio bus lines using an MUX3 analog multiplexer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
EP84104525A 1983-05-21 1984-04-21 Instrument de musique électronique à clavier et dispositif pour son fonctionnement Withdrawn EP0126962A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3318667 1983-05-21
DE3318667A DE3318667C1 (de) 1983-05-21 1983-05-21 Elektronisches Tastenmusikinstrument und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0126962A2 true EP0126962A2 (fr) 1984-12-05
EP0126962A3 EP0126962A3 (fr) 1988-02-10

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EP84104525A Withdrawn EP0126962A3 (fr) 1983-05-21 1984-04-21 Instrument de musique électronique à clavier et dispositif pour son fonctionnement

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US (1) US4644840A (fr)
EP (1) EP0126962A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE3318667C1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996018995A1 (fr) * 1994-12-12 1996-06-20 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Systeme audio pour micro-ordinateur avec antememoire a tableau de signaux analogiques
EP0744733A2 (fr) * 1995-05-23 1996-11-27 Yamaha Corporation Instrument de musique électronique
EP0747878A2 (fr) * 1995-06-07 1996-12-11 Yamaha Corporation Système musical, générateur de sons et procédé pour la synthèse de sons musicaux
US5668338A (en) * 1994-11-02 1997-09-16 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Wavetable audio synthesizer with low frequency oscillators for tremolo and vibrato effects
US5847304A (en) * 1995-08-17 1998-12-08 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. PC audio system with frequency compensated wavetable data
US6047073A (en) * 1994-11-02 2000-04-04 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Digital wavetable audio synthesizer with delay-based effects processing
US6058066A (en) * 1994-11-02 2000-05-02 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Enhanced register array accessible by both a system microprocessor and a wavetable audio synthesizer
US6064743A (en) * 1994-11-02 2000-05-16 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Wavetable audio synthesizer with waveform volume control for eliminating zipper noise
US6246774B1 (en) 1994-11-02 2001-06-12 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Wavetable audio synthesizer with multiple volume components and two modes of stereo positioning

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US4805511A (en) * 1986-08-12 1989-02-21 Schulmerich Carillons, Inc. Electronic bell-tone generating system
US4998960A (en) * 1988-09-30 1991-03-12 Floyd Rose Music synthesizer
US5111530A (en) * 1988-11-04 1992-05-05 Sony Corporation Digital audio signal generating apparatus
US5099738A (en) * 1989-01-03 1992-03-31 Hotz Instruments Technology, Inc. MIDI musical translator
EP0452347B1 (fr) * 1989-01-03 1997-10-29 The Hotz Corporation Controleur universel pour un instrument de musique electronique
US5200564A (en) * 1990-06-29 1993-04-06 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Digital information processing apparatus with multiple CPUs
US5584034A (en) * 1990-06-29 1996-12-10 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Apparatus for executing respective portions of a process by main and sub CPUS
JP2626387B2 (ja) * 1991-12-24 1997-07-02 ヤマハ株式会社 電子楽器
US5726372A (en) * 1993-04-09 1998-03-10 Franklin N. Eventoff Note assisted musical instrument system and method of operation
US5902949A (en) * 1993-04-09 1999-05-11 Franklin N. Eventoff Musical instrument system with note anticipation
US5602356A (en) * 1994-04-05 1997-02-11 Franklin N. Eventoff Electronic musical instrument with sampling and comparison of performance data
US5773742A (en) * 1994-01-05 1998-06-30 Eventoff; Franklin Note assisted musical instrument system and method of operation
US5867497A (en) * 1994-02-24 1999-02-02 Yamaha Corporation Network system having automatic reconstructing function of logical paths
US5744741A (en) * 1995-01-13 1998-04-28 Yamaha Corporation Digital signal processing device for sound signal processing
US5753841A (en) * 1995-08-17 1998-05-19 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. PC audio system with wavetable cache
JP3271493B2 (ja) * 1995-09-26 2002-04-02 ヤマハ株式会社 ネットワークおよびデータ伝送方法

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US4373416A (en) * 1976-12-29 1983-02-15 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Wave generator for electronic musical instrument

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6047073A (en) * 1994-11-02 2000-04-04 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Digital wavetable audio synthesizer with delay-based effects processing
US7088835B1 (en) 1994-11-02 2006-08-08 Legerity, Inc. Wavetable audio synthesizer with left offset, right offset and effects volume control
US6272465B1 (en) 1994-11-02 2001-08-07 Legerity, Inc. Monolithic PC audio circuit
US6246774B1 (en) 1994-11-02 2001-06-12 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Wavetable audio synthesizer with multiple volume components and two modes of stereo positioning
US5668338A (en) * 1994-11-02 1997-09-16 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Wavetable audio synthesizer with low frequency oscillators for tremolo and vibrato effects
US6064743A (en) * 1994-11-02 2000-05-16 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Wavetable audio synthesizer with waveform volume control for eliminating zipper noise
US6058066A (en) * 1994-11-02 2000-05-02 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Enhanced register array accessible by both a system microprocessor and a wavetable audio synthesizer
WO1996018995A1 (fr) * 1994-12-12 1996-06-20 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Systeme audio pour micro-ordinateur avec antememoire a tableau de signaux analogiques
EP0744733A3 (fr) * 1995-05-23 1997-01-15 Yamaha Corporation Instrument de musique électronique
US5750913A (en) * 1995-05-23 1998-05-12 Yamaha Corporation Music system and electronic musical instrument
EP0744733A2 (fr) * 1995-05-23 1996-11-27 Yamaha Corporation Instrument de musique électronique
US5698802A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-12-16 Yamaha Corporation Music system, tone generator and musical tone-synthesizing method
EP0747878A3 (fr) * 1995-06-07 1997-01-15 Yamaha Corporation Système musical, générateur de sons et procédé pour la synthèse de sons musicaux
EP0747878A2 (fr) * 1995-06-07 1996-12-11 Yamaha Corporation Système musical, générateur de sons et procédé pour la synthèse de sons musicaux
SG107089A1 (en) * 1995-06-07 2004-11-29 Yamaha Corp Music system, tone generator and musical tone-synthesizing method
US5847304A (en) * 1995-08-17 1998-12-08 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. PC audio system with frequency compensated wavetable data

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3318667C1 (de) 1984-10-11
US4644840A (en) 1987-02-24
EP0126962A3 (fr) 1988-02-10

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