EP0119183A2 - Gas producers - Google Patents

Gas producers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0119183A2
EP0119183A2 EP84870034A EP84870034A EP0119183A2 EP 0119183 A2 EP0119183 A2 EP 0119183A2 EP 84870034 A EP84870034 A EP 84870034A EP 84870034 A EP84870034 A EP 84870034A EP 0119183 A2 EP0119183 A2 EP 0119183A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
conduit
generator according
hearth
duct
Prior art date
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Application number
EP84870034A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0119183A3 (en
Inventor
Willy Evrard
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Individual
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Individual
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/44—Apparatus; Plants adapted for use on vehicles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/36—Fixed grates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0943—Coke
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements to the apparatuses used for the production of a gaseous fuel; the gas produced by these devices can be used in different applications, one of them, and not the least interesting being the supply of engines both stationary (for example driving generator sets) and mobile (for example mounted on vehicles ).
  • gas generators intended for supplying engines has been well known for a long time; the fuels used are various: charcoal, peat, lignite, coal (preferably lean coal), coke.
  • the gas obtained is normally the product of incomplete combustion of carbon in an air stream which passes through a thick layer of fuel; this gas - called gas in air - contains mainly nitrogen and carbon monoxide, and incidentally carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane and possibly a small amount of ethane.
  • Conventional gas generators basically consist of a fuel hopper-store, at least the interior part of which is frustoconical, closed at the bottom by a grid; a system for introducing combustion air into the gasifier - possibly by suction - and a system for treating the gas obtained complete the installation.
  • the present invention relates to improvements in gas generating devices and its main object is a gas production system freed of its impurities by treatment of the gas produced.
  • the improved gasifier object of the present invention, which comprises in series a fuel hopper-magazine, a combustion hearth supplied with air, a zone for extracting the gas from the hearth, and for discharging solid residues, means gas treatment means and means for supplying a gas engine, is characterized in that at least part of the gas treatment means consists of a circuit penetrating the combustion furnace.
  • the circuit for the treatment of gas is constituted by a discharge chimney composed of two substantially coaxial conduits, between which is provided a space for the cir gas culation, in that the lower end of the external duct is open to let the gas collected in the extraction zone at the base of the hearth, in that the upper end of said external duct is closed, in that that the upper end of the said internal conduit located at a certain distance under the closed upper end of the external conduit is open to allow the passage of gas from the external conduit into the internal conduit, and in that the lower part of said internal conduit is connected to the means for supplying gas to the engine.
  • the two substantially coaxial conduits have their axes substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hearth; in an advantageous variant of the invention, the upper end of the external duct rises up into the upper part of the hearth, for example up to the level of the air supply nozzles.
  • the entry of the gas into the external duct is ensured both by the lower orifice of the duct and by openings formed in the side wall of said conduit; this embodiment makes it possible to reduce the pressure drop of the system while ensuring additional contact between the gas which escapes and the incandescent material which is in the hearth.
  • the internal face of the external conduit is provided with baffles, constituted for example by dishes, arranged obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the conduit, these baffles, brought to high temperature by Proximity to the hearth, both slows down the circulation of gas and thus promotes conversion and cracking reactions, which improves gas purification.
  • the upper end of the external conduit is closed by a conical capital, the inner face of which is provided with baffles, for example constituted by dishes, arranged along generatrices of the cone ; these baffles, which are found at very high temperatures, also promote reactions and, moreover, if their arrangement is appropriate, they force the gas to go towards the internal duct and to descend there, rather than letting the gas streams upset each other along the wall of the outer conduit.
  • the gas captured in the separation zone for gaseous products and solid residues a gas which is at a temperature for example of 600 ° C. and contains a large proportion of C0 2 , is forced to go up in the chimney formed between the two coaxial conduits and will be reheated to nearly 1000 ° C at the top (closed) of the chimney; due to the proximity of the hearth, C0 2 in particular will transform into CO, at the same time as various cracking of hydrocarbons and undesirable elements will take place; the gas thus improved is then sucked into the internal conduit where it descends to gain the means of transfer to the engine; naturally, on the way, the gas can still pass through other means of treatment and purification by wet or dry route.
  • the high temperature gas exiting at the base of the internal duct is caused to circulate around the lower part of the hearth; the gas thus contributes to maintaining this part of the device at a satisfactory temperature to favor the purification reactions.
  • the gas After having circulated in an envelope surrounding this zone, the gas is finally sucked into a pipeline which extracts it from the generator.
  • the improved gas generator described above allows the production of a validly purified gas, free from water vapor, solid carbonaceous residues, etc., and this under particularly simple and economical conditions; it can be used to produce gas from the fuels mentioned above, but also by using various materials, including natural fibrous materials (wood, straw, plants, etc.), possibly after compaction.
  • the gases penetrate into the space formed between two coaxial conduits, one said to be external (8), the other said to be internal (9); at the top of the chimney thus formed, the upward path of the gas is interrupted and the gas descends through the interior (10) of the internal conduit to reach the pipe (11) for exit from the interior of the hearth.
  • the gas is then caused to circulate in the closed space (13) which envelops the lower part of said hearth before reaching the evacuation pipe (14) connected for example to the engine.
  • the part of the hearth located below the gas formation zone is sealed: this arrangement is especially applicable at the base of the hearth, for example near and at the level of the space (12) for depositing solid residues and their evacuation.
  • This seal prevents gas exits at this level and therefore forces this gas to follow the circuit which brings it into the high temperature zone according to the invention.
  • this seal prevents the gas from being charged again with impurities and therefore retains the character of cleanliness that the complete system tends to ensure.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

In a gas producer fuel is fed from a storage hopper to a combustion zone (1) of a furnace having air inlet nozzles 2, 3. Gases are produced in the combustion zone and travel downwards into zones 4, 5 where they are separated from any residual solids, which are deposited on grate 6. The gases from zones 4, 5 pass into a space between coaxial ducts 8, 9 through an opening 7 at the lower end of the outer duct 8. Apertures may also be provided in the lower end of the outer duct 8. The gases pass upwards to the closed end of outer duct 8 and are then sucked downwards through inner duct 9 to outlet pipes 11. The temperature of the gas is increased as it passes through the coaxial ducts, thus assisting conversion and cracking reactions which improve the quality of the gas, for example converting CO2 to CO. Baffles are provided on the inner wall of outer duct 8 to slow the passage of the gas and to increase the transfer of heat. Outer duct 8 preferably extends up into the upper region of the furnace. The gas from outlet pipes 11 is circulated around the outside of zones 4, 5 for heat transfer and is then sucked out through pipe 14 to an engine to be powered. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention est relative à des perfectionnements aux appareils utilisés pour la production d'un combustible gazeux; le gaz produit par ces appareils peut être utilisé dans différentes applications, l'une d'entre elles, et non la moins intéressante étant l'alimentation des moteurs tant fixes (par exemple actionnant des groupes électrogènes) que mobiles (par exemple montés sur véhicules).The present invention relates to improvements to the apparatuses used for the production of a gaseous fuel; the gas produced by these devices can be used in different applications, one of them, and not the least interesting being the supply of engines both stationary (for example driving generator sets) and mobile (for example mounted on vehicles ).

L'utilisation d'appareils générateurs de gaz destinés à l'alimentation des moteurs est bien connue depuis longtemps; les combustibles utilisés sont divers : charbon de bois, tourbes, lignites, houilles (de préférence houilles maigres), coke. Le gaz obtenu est normalement le produit d'une combustion incomplète du carbone dans un courant d'air qui traverse une couche épaisse de combustible; ce gaz - dit gaz à l'air - contient principalement de l'azote et de l'oxyde de carbone, et accessoirement de l'anhydride carbonique, de l'hydrogène, du méthane et éventuellement une faible quantité d'éthane.The use of gas generators intended for supplying engines has been well known for a long time; the fuels used are various: charcoal, peat, lignite, coal (preferably lean coal), coke. The gas obtained is normally the product of incomplete combustion of carbon in an air stream which passes through a thick layer of fuel; this gas - called gas in air - contains mainly nitrogen and carbon monoxide, and incidentally carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane and possibly a small amount of ethane.

Les gazogènes classiques sont fondamentalement constitués par une trémie-magasin à combustibles dont au moins la partie intérieure est de forme tronconique, fermée au bas par une grille; un système d'introduction de l'air de combustion dans le gazogène - éventuellement par aspiration - et un système de traitement du gaz obtenu complètent l'installation.Conventional gas generators basically consist of a fuel hopper-store, at least the interior part of which is frustoconical, closed at the bottom by a grid; a system for introducing combustion air into the gasifier - possibly by suction - and a system for treating the gas obtained complete the installation.

Etant donné que, pour l'alimentation des moteurs, il convient de produire un gaz de qualité et notamment un gaz dont l'épuration a été la plus poussée possible, on comprend que, en même temps que les constructeurs se souciaient de mettre au point des organes mécaniques de plus en plus perfectionnés pour accroître la régularité et la souplesse de la production, ils cherchaient à améliorer les dispositifs de production et de traitement du gaz pour accroître la propreté du produit.Given that, for the supply of engines, it is necessary to produce a quality gas and in particular a gas whose purification has been as thorough as possible, it is understandable that, at the same time as the manufacturers took care to develop mechanical organs more and more perfected to increase the regularity and flexibility of production, they sought to improve the devices for producing and treating gas to increase the cleanliness of the product.

La présente invention est relative à des perfectionnements aux appareils générateurs de gaz et elle a pour principal objet un système de production de gaz débarrassé de ses impuretés par traitement du gaz produit.The present invention relates to improvements in gas generating devices and its main object is a gas production system freed of its impurities by treatment of the gas produced.

Le gazogène perfectionné, objet de la présente invention, qui comporte en série une trémie-magasin à combustibles, un foyer de combustion alimenté en air, une zone d'extraction du gaz hors du foyer, et d'évacuation des résidus solides, des moyens de traitement du gaz et des moyens pour alimenter un moteur à gaz, est caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie des moyens de traitement du gaz consiste en un circuit pénétrant dans le foyer de combustion.The improved gasifier, object of the present invention, which comprises in series a fuel hopper-magazine, a combustion hearth supplied with air, a zone for extracting the gas from the hearth, and for discharging solid residues, means gas treatment means and means for supplying a gas engine, is characterized in that at least part of the gas treatment means consists of a circuit penetrating the combustion furnace.

Suivant une modalité préférentielle de l'invention, le circuit pour le traitement du gaz est constitué par une cheminée d'évacuation composée de deux conduits sensiblement coaxiaux, entre lesquels est ménagé un espace pour la circulation du gaz, en ce que l'extrémité inférieure du conduit externe est ouverte pour laisser passer le gaz capté dans la zone d'extraction à la base du foyer, en ce que l'extrémité supérieure du dit conduit externe est obturée, en ce que l'extrémité supérieure du conduit dit interne située à une certaine distance sous l'extrémité supérieure obturée du conduit externe est ouverte pour permettre le passage du gaz du conduit externe dans le conduit interne, et en ce que la partie inférieure du dit conduit interne est reliée aux moyens pour l'alimentation en gaz du moteur.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the circuit for the treatment of gas is constituted by a discharge chimney composed of two substantially coaxial conduits, between which is provided a space for the cir gas culation, in that the lower end of the external duct is open to let the gas collected in the extraction zone at the base of the hearth, in that the upper end of said external duct is closed, in that that the upper end of the said internal conduit located at a certain distance under the closed upper end of the external conduit is open to allow the passage of gas from the external conduit into the internal conduit, and in that the lower part of said internal conduit is connected to the means for supplying gas to the engine.

Suivant l'invention, les deux conduits sensiblement coaxiaux ont leurs axes sensiblement parallèles à l'axe longitudinal du foyer; dans une variante avantageuse de l'invention, l'extrémité supérieure du conduit externe s'élève jusque dans la partie supérieure du foyer, par exemple jusqu'au niveau des tuyères d'alimentation en air.According to the invention, the two substantially coaxial conduits have their axes substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hearth; in an advantageous variant of the invention, the upper end of the external duct rises up into the upper part of the hearth, for example up to the level of the air supply nozzles.

Suivant une réalisation avantageuse de la cheminée d'évacuation constituant une variante du dispositif de traitement de gaz objet de l'invention, l'entrée du gaz dans le conduit externe est assurée à la fois par l'orifice inférieur du conduit et par des ouvertures ménagées dans la paroi latérale du dit conduit; cette réalisation permet de diminuer la perte de charge du système tout en assurant un contact supplémentaire entre le gaz qui s'évacue et le matériau incandescent qui se trouve dans le foyer.According to an advantageous embodiment of the exhaust chimney constituting a variant of the gas treatment device object of the invention, the entry of the gas into the external duct is ensured both by the lower orifice of the duct and by openings formed in the side wall of said conduit; this embodiment makes it possible to reduce the pressure drop of the system while ensuring additional contact between the gas which escapes and the incandescent material which is in the hearth.

Suivant une autre réalisation du dispositif que constitue la cheminée à deux conduits, la face intérieure du conduit externe est pourvue de chicanes, constituées par exemple par des plats, disposées obliquement par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du conduit, ces chicanes, portées à haute température par la proximité du foyer, à la fois ralentissent la circulation du gaz et favorisent ainsi les réactions de conversion et de cracking, ce qui améliore l'épuration du gaz.According to another embodiment of the device that constitutes the chimney with two conduits, the internal face of the external conduit is provided with baffles, constituted for example by dishes, arranged obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the conduit, these baffles, brought to high temperature by Proximity to the hearth, both slows down the circulation of gas and thus promotes conversion and cracking reactions, which improves gas purification.

Selon encore une modalité de réalisation particulière de la cheminée à deux conduits, l'extrémité supérieure du conduit externe est obturée par un chapiteau conique, dont la face intérieure est pourvue de chicanes par exemple constituées par des plats, disposées le long de génératrices du cône; ces chicanes, qui se trouvent à très haute température, favorisent elles aussi les réactions et en outre, si leur disposition est appropriée, elles obligent le gaz à se diriger vers le conduit interne et à y descendre, plutôt que de laisser les courants gazeux se contrarier les uns les autres le long de la paroi du conduit externe.According to yet another particular embodiment of the chimney with two conduits, the upper end of the external conduit is closed by a conical capital, the inner face of which is provided with baffles, for example constituted by dishes, arranged along generatrices of the cone ; these baffles, which are found at very high temperatures, also promote reactions and, moreover, if their arrangement is appropriate, they force the gas to go towards the internal duct and to descend there, rather than letting the gas streams upset each other along the wall of the outer conduit.

Dans le générateur à gaz perfectionné, objet de l'invention, le gaz capté dans la zone de séparation des produits gazeux et des résidus solides, gaz qui se trouve à une température par exemple de 600°C et comporte une part importante de C02, est forcé à monter dans la cheminée ménagée entre les deux conduits coaxiaux et va être réchauffé à près de 1000°C au sommet (obturé) de la cheminée; en raison de la proximité du foyer, le C02 notamment va se transformer en CO, en même temps que vont se réaliser divers craquages d'hydrocarbures et éléments indésirables; le gaz ainsi amélioré est alors aspiré dans le conduit interne où il descend pour gagner les moyens de transfert vers le moteur; naturellement, chemin faisant, le gaz peut encore traverser d'autres moyens de traitement et d'épuration par voie humide ou sèche.In the improved gas generator, object of the invention, the gas captured in the separation zone for gaseous products and solid residues, a gas which is at a temperature for example of 600 ° C. and contains a large proportion of C0 2 , is forced to go up in the chimney formed between the two coaxial conduits and will be reheated to nearly 1000 ° C at the top (closed) of the chimney; due to the proximity of the hearth, C0 2 in particular will transform into CO, at the same time as various cracking of hydrocarbons and undesirable elements will take place; the gas thus improved is then sucked into the internal conduit where it descends to gain the means of transfer to the engine; naturally, on the way, the gas can still pass through other means of treatment and purification by wet or dry route.

Dans une autre modalité de réalisation de l'invention, le gaz à haute température sortant à la base du conduit interne est amené à circuler autour de la partie inférieure du foyer; le gaz contribue ainsi à maintenir cette partie du dispositif à une température satisfaisante pour favoriser les réactions d' épuration.In another embodiment of the invention, the high temperature gas exiting at the base of the internal duct is caused to circulate around the lower part of the hearth; the gas thus contributes to maintaining this part of the device at a satisfactory temperature to favor the purification reactions.

Après avoir circulé dans une enveloppe entourant cette zone, le gaz est finalement aspiré dans une canalisation qui l'extrait du générateur.After having circulated in an envelope surrounding this zone, the gas is finally sucked into a pipeline which extracts it from the generator.

Le générateur de gaz perfectionné décrit ci-dessus permet la production d'un gaz valablement épuré, exempt de vapeur d'eau, de résidus carbonés solides, etc..., et cela dans des conditions particulièrement simples et économiques; il est utilisable pour produire du gaz à partir des combustibles cités plus haut, mais aussi en employant des matériaux divers, y compris les matières fibreuses naturelles (bois, paille, végétaux,...), éventuellement après compactage.The improved gas generator described above allows the production of a validly purified gas, free from water vapor, solid carbonaceous residues, etc., and this under particularly simple and economical conditions; it can be used to produce gas from the fuels mentioned above, but also by using various materials, including natural fibrous materials (wood, straw, plants, etc.), possibly after compaction.

La figure ci-jointe, non àl'échelle, illustre de façon exemplative et nullement limitative, l'appareil générateur de gaz perfectionné, objet de l'invention.The attached figure, not to scale, illustrates in an exemplary and in no way limiting manner, the improved gas generator apparatus, object of the invention.

Sur cette figure, qui constitue une coupe verticale de la zone du générateur concernée par l'invention, on distingue en (1) la zone de combustion avec les tuyères (2) et (3) d'alimentation en air; en dessous de cette zone se trouve la zone de section d'abord décroissante (4) puis évasée (5) où les gaz sont extraits du foyer et séparés des résidus solides, lesquels viennent se déposer sur la grille (6).In this figure, which constitutes a vertical section of the zone of the generator concerned by the invention, a distinction is made in (1) the combustion zone with the air supply nozzles (2) and (3); below this zone is the zone of first decreasing section (4) then flared (5) where the gases are extracted from the hearth and separated from the solid residues, which are deposited on the grid (6).

Par l'orifice annulaire (7), les gaz pénètrent dans l'espace constitué entre deux conduits coaxiaux l'un dit externe (8), l'autre dit interne (9); au sommet de la cheminée ainsi constituée, le trajet ascendant du gaz est interrompu et le gaz redescend par l'intérieur (10) du conduit interne pour gagner la canalisation (11) de sortie de l'intérieur du foyer. Le gaz est alors amené à circuler dans l'espace clos (13) qui enveloppe la partie inférieure du dit foyer avant de gagner la canalisation d'évacuation (14) raccordée par exemple au moteur.Through the annular orifice (7), the gases penetrate into the space formed between two coaxial conduits, one said to be external (8), the other said to be internal (9); at the top of the chimney thus formed, the upward path of the gas is interrupted and the gas descends through the interior (10) of the internal conduit to reach the pipe (11) for exit from the interior of the hearth. The gas is then caused to circulate in the closed space (13) which envelops the lower part of said hearth before reaching the evacuation pipe (14) connected for example to the engine.

Les flèches figurant sur le dessin schématisent le trajet suivi par le gaz traversant le dispositif de l'invention. Dans l' espace (12) situé au dessous de la grille se trouvent des moyens (non représentés) d'évacuation des résidus solides.The arrows appearing in the drawing show diagrammatically the path followed by the gas passing through the device of the invention. In the space (12) located below the grid are means (not shown) for discharging solid residues.

Dans une réalisation particulièrement avantageuse du générateur, objet de la présente invention, la partie du foyer située en dessous de la zone de formation des gaz est étanche: cette disposition est spécialement applicable à la base du foyer, par exemple à proximité et au niveau de l'espace (12) de dépôt des résidus solides et de leur évacuation.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the generator, object of the present invention, the part of the hearth located below the gas formation zone is sealed: this arrangement is especially applicable at the base of the hearth, for example near and at the level of the space (12) for depositing solid residues and their evacuation.

Cette étanchéité qui bien entendu ne doit pas nécessairement être parfaite, empêche les sorties de gaz à ce niveau et oblige donc ce gaz à suivre le circuit qui l'amène dans la zone à haute température suivant l'invention.This seal, which of course does not necessarily have to be perfect, prevents gas exits at this level and therefore forces this gas to follow the circuit which brings it into the high temperature zone according to the invention.

En outre, cette étanchéité empêche le gaz de se charger à nouveau d'impuretés et lui conserve donc le caractère de propreté que le système complet tend à assurer.In addition, this seal prevents the gas from being charged again with impurities and therefore retains the character of cleanliness that the complete system tends to ensure.

Claims (9)

1. Générateur de gaz comportant en série une trémie-magasin à combustibles, un foyer de combustion alimenté en air, une zone d'extraction du gaz hors du foyer, et d'évacuation des résidus solides, des moyens de traitement du gaz et des moyens pour alimenter un moteur à gaz, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie des moyens de traitement du gaz consiste en une élévation de température, par exemple par circulation du gaz dans une zone à haute température.1. Gas generator comprising in series a fuel hopper-magazine, a combustion hearth supplied with air, a zone for extracting gas from the hearth, and for discharging solid residues, gas treatment means and means for supplying a gas engine, characterized in that at least part of the gas treatment means consists of a rise in temperature, for example by circulation of the gas in a high temperature area. 2. Générateur de gaz suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élévation de température est assurée en faisant circuler le gaz à proximité et de préférence dans le foyer de combustion.2. Gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature rise is ensured by circulating the gas near and preferably in the combustion hearth. 3. Générateur de gaz suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le circuit pour le traitement du gaz est constitué par une cheminée d'évacuation composée de deux conduits sensiblement coaxiaux, entre lesquels est ménagé un espace pour la circulation du gaz, en ce que l'extrémité inférieure du conduit externe est ouverte pour laisser passer le gaz cap- té dans la zone d'extraction à la base du foyer, en ce que l'extrémité supérieure du dit conduit externe est obturée, en ce que l'extrémité supérieure du conduit dit interne située à une certaine distance sous l'extrémité supérieure obturée du conduit externe est ouverte pour permettre le passage du gaz du conduit externe dans le conduit interne, et en ce que la partie inférieure du dit conduit interne est reliée aux moyens pour l'alimentation en gaz du moteur.3. Gas generator according to claim 2, characterized in that the circuit for the treatment of gas is constituted by an evacuation chimney composed of two substantially coaxial conduits, between which is provided a space for the circulation of gas, in that that the lower end of the outer conduit is open to let the gas cap - side in the stripping zone at the base of the hearth, in that the upper end of said outer conduit is closed, in that the end upper of the said internal conduit located at a certain distance under the closed upper end of the external conduit is open to allow the passage of gas from the external conduit into the internal conduit, and in that the lower part of said internal conduit is connected to the means for gas supply to the engine. 4. Générateur de gaz suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité supérieure du conduit externe s'élève jusque dans la partie supérieure du foyer, par exemple jusqu' au niveau des tuyères d'alimentation en air.4. Gas generator according to claim 3, characterized in that the upper end of the external duct rises up into the upper part of the hearth, for example up to the level of the air supply nozzles. 5. Générateur de gaz suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 3 et 4, caractérisé en ce que l'entrée du gaz dans le conduit externe est assurée à la fois par l'orifice inférieur du conduit et par des ouvertures ménagées dans la paroi latérale du dit conduit.5. Gas generator according to either of Claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the entry of the gas into the external duct is ensured both by the lower orifice of the duct and by openings made in the side wall of said duct. 6. Générateur de gaz suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la face intérieure du conduit externe est pourvue de chicanes, constituées par exemple par des plats, disposées obliquement par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du conduit.6. Gas generator according to either of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the internal face of the external conduit is provided with baffles, constituted for example by dishes, arranged obliquely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the conduit. 7. Générateur de gaz suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité supérieure du conduit externe est obturée par un chapiteau conique, dont la face intérieure est pourvue de chicanes par exemple constituées par des plats, disposées le long de-génératrices du cône.7. Gas generator according to either of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the upper end of the external duct is closed off by a conical cap, the inner face of which is provided with baffles for example constituted by flat, arranged along the generatrices of the cone. 8. Générateur de gaz suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le gaz à haute température est amené à circuler autour de la partie inférieure du foyer et en ce que le gaz est finement aspiré dans une canalisation qui l'extrait du générateur.8. Gas generator according to either of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the high temperature gas is caused to circulate around the lower part of the hearth and in that the gas is finely drawn into a pipeline which extracts it from the generator. 9. Générateur de gaz suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la partie située en dessous du niveau de formation du gaz est étanche.9. Gas generator according to either of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the part located below the level of gas formation is sealed.
EP84870034A 1983-03-09 1984-03-07 Gas producers Withdrawn EP0119183A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE647791 1983-03-09
BE6047791 1983-03-09

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EP0119183A3 EP0119183A3 (en) 1985-05-15

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EP (1) EP0119183A3 (en)
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GB (1) GB2140025A (en)
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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0693545A1 (en) * 1994-07-22 1996-01-24 Manfred Viesel Wood gas producer

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FR664136A (en) * 1928-11-17 1929-08-29 Double-burner wood-burning gasifier with special tar reduction
GB565026A (en) * 1942-11-12 1944-10-24 George Stewart Roland Hamilton Improvements in or relating to gas producers
FR899574A (en) * 1941-01-07 1945-06-05 Self-purifying gasifier
GB575048A (en) * 1943-06-01 1946-01-31 George Stewart Roland Hamilton Improvements relating to producer gas apparatus
FR964798A (en) * 1950-08-24

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GB1601693A (en) * 1978-05-17 1981-11-04 Watkins C J Water gas generator
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FR964798A (en) * 1950-08-24
FR664136A (en) * 1928-11-17 1929-08-29 Double-burner wood-burning gasifier with special tar reduction
FR899574A (en) * 1941-01-07 1945-06-05 Self-purifying gasifier
GB565026A (en) * 1942-11-12 1944-10-24 George Stewart Roland Hamilton Improvements in or relating to gas producers
GB575048A (en) * 1943-06-01 1946-01-31 George Stewart Roland Hamilton Improvements relating to producer gas apparatus

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0693545A1 (en) * 1994-07-22 1996-01-24 Manfred Viesel Wood gas producer

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ZA841790B (en) 1984-10-31
BR8401086A (en) 1984-10-16
GB2140025A (en) 1984-11-21
GB8406099D0 (en) 1984-04-11
OA08315A (en) 1988-02-29
EP0119183A3 (en) 1985-05-15

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