EP0119129A1 - Ditch cutting and cleaning apparatus - Google Patents

Ditch cutting and cleaning apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0119129A1
EP0119129A1 EP84400400A EP84400400A EP0119129A1 EP 0119129 A1 EP0119129 A1 EP 0119129A1 EP 84400400 A EP84400400 A EP 84400400A EP 84400400 A EP84400400 A EP 84400400A EP 0119129 A1 EP0119129 A1 EP 0119129A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutters
machine
support
inclination
shoe
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Granted
Application number
EP84400400A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0119129B1 (en
Inventor
Gilles Petraud
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CERIMON
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CERIMON
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Priority to AT84400400T priority Critical patent/ATE24221T1/en
Publication of EP0119129A1 publication Critical patent/EP0119129A1/en
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Publication of EP0119129B1 publication Critical patent/EP0119129B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/20—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to machines for digging or cleaning ditches.
  • Machines of this type comprising two cutters of trapezoidal section inclined to the vertical and mounted for rotation on a frame intended to be coupled to a tractor, these cutters ensuring the digging of channels of trapezoidal section.
  • the relative position and the shape of the tools determine the profile of the channel produced without it being possible to modify this profile.
  • the invention aims to remedy the drawbacks mentioned above by creating a machine for digging and cleaning ditches which, while having increased capacity with respect to known machines, makes it possible to make ditches of different profiles.
  • It therefore relates to a machine for digging and cleaning ditches comprising mounted for rotation on a frame two milling cutters of frustoconical section with axes inclined to the horizontal, characterized in that it further comprises means for adjusting the inclination of the strawberries in order to modify the inclination of the walls of the ditch to be produced.
  • the invention also relates to a machine of the type defined above, characterized in that it further comprises an additional milling cutter, disposed in front of the two inclined milling cutters, in the direction of movement of the machine and intended for digging a blank of the ditch to be made by the machine.
  • the machine for digging ditches mainly comprises a frame 1 in the form of a hinge articulated at the end of carrying arms 2 and 3 which are part of a tractor 4.
  • the frame 1 is connected to the upper arm 2 by means of a yoke 5 of generally triangular shape at a point from which outside the line joining the axes 6 and 7 of articulation of the yoke on the arm 2 and on the frame 1 is articulated at in turn, one end 8 of a jack 9 for adjusting the inclination of the frame 1 in depth, the other end of the jack 9 being articulated on said frame at a point 10.
  • this frame has a notch 11 in which is mounted a shaft 12 for suspending a support 13 of two inclined cutters 14 of frustoconical shape .
  • an additional cutter 15 in the form of a double truncated cone intended when the machine is used to dig a ditch, to make a ditch draft and consequently placed in front of the two main cutters 14 in the direction movement of the machine.
  • the cutter 15 is mounted on the support 13 by means of a deformable parallelogram, two of the arms of which consist of links 15a, 15b articulated on the one hand on the support 13 and on the other hand on a head 15c carrying the axis of rotation of the cutter 15.
  • a cylinder 15d for adjusting the depth of the additional milling cutter 15 is articulated between the support 13 and one of the links 15a of the deformable parallelogram of articulation thereof.
  • each of the cutters 14 is rotatably mounted in a cylindrical housing 16 d 'a manner which will be described with reference to Fig.3.
  • Each cylindrical housing 16 has at its end opposite the corresponding cutter 14, two rectilinear bars 17 welded to the external surface of the housing and intended to support shouldered guide rollers 18a, 18b engaged respectively in slots 19a, 19b of different inclinations , formed in two flanges 22 of the support 13.
  • the slots 19a and 19b for guiding the corresponding rollers associated with each housing 17 are symmetrical in pairs with respect to the axis of symmetry of the support 13.
  • the flanges 22 are joined by plates upper plate 23 and a bottom plate 24 welded to the edges of the flanges 22.
  • the support 13 comprises internal reinforcing elements constituted by plates 25, 26 as well as other stiffening reinforcing elements.
  • Each housing 16 comprises at the lower end of one of the bars 17 for supporting the rollers 18a, 18b, a tab 27 on which is articulated a connecting rod 28 for tilting movement of the housing 16, said rod being articulated in turn on a cross member 29 fixed to the upper end of the rod 30 of a hydraulic cylinder 31 whose cylinder is fixed to the cross member 25 of the support 13.
  • Means for guiding the rod 30 of the jack are in further provided so that the cross member 29 always remains perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the support 13 and thus allows always to obtain the same inclination of the two cutters 14 relative to this axis of symmetry.
  • the cross member 29 is in fact made up of two parallel flat bars 32 welded to a block 33 itself fixed to the rod 30 and defining with this block yokes for the articulation of the ends of the rods 28.
  • To the outer surfaces of the flat bars 32 are welded blocks 34 forming slides which are slidably mounted in the vertical guides 35 welded to the upper plates 23 and to vertical plates 35a.
  • the support 13 comprises at its upper part, a yoke 36 of articulation of the end of a jack for adjusting the inclination of the support 13 by rotation around the shaft 12.
  • each inclined cutter 14 is rotated by a hydraulic motor 38 mounted in the corresponding housing 16.
  • the output shaft 39 of the motor 38 has a grooved end engaged in a corresponding grooved sleeve 40 at the free end of which a disc 41 is welded.
  • a disc 41 is welded.
  • At the periphery of the disc 41 are regularly distributed elastic coupling members 42 which connect the disc 41 has an annular part 43 welded in turn to the hub 44 of the cutter.
  • the hub 44 is rotatably mounted by means of bearings 45 on a tube 46 made integral with the housing 16 by the intermediary of a ring 47.
  • Fig.5 there is shown, the mounting of the front cutter 15.
  • This cutter is rotatably mounted on a tubular support 50 which is secured to the head 18 shown in Fig.l and at the end of which is fixed the casing of a hydraulic motor 51 for driving this cutter.
  • Milling cutter 15 is supported on the one hand by the tubular support 50, and on the other hand by an extension 52 coaxial with the casing of the motor 51, by means of bearings 53,54.
  • the transmission of the rotational movement from the output shaft 55 of the motor 51 is ensured by means of a grooved sleeve 56 in which is engaged the grooved end of the output shaft 55 and on the outer surface which is welded a plate 57 connected to an outer plate 58 forming the end of the cutter 15 by means of elastic coupling members 59 regularly distributed around the periphery of the plates 57 and 58. It can be seen that the front cutter 15 is also connected to its drive shaft by means of elastic coupling means, which again makes it possible to make up for slight misalignments and to absorb weak shocks during the rotation of the cutter during operation of the machine.
  • This shoe consists of two parts 60,61 which have flat portions 62,63 overlapping, in the form of circular sectors. They are articulated so as to rotate around an axis 64 passing through the top of these sectors.
  • Each of the parts 60, 61 is supported by two tubular bars 21, the opposite ends of which are fixed to the corresponding rollers 18a, 18b for guiding and angular displacement of the inclined cutters 14.
  • each of the parts 62, 63 in the form of circular sectors, is formed a corresponding notch 65,66, the drop in sheet metal resulting from each of the cutouts constituting an element of extra thickness and reinforcement of the corresponding uncut area of the other part, thus making it possible to use for fixing the two parts 60 and 61 of the shoe, tubular bars 21 of the same length.
  • These cutouts 65a, 66a are for example welded to the solid areas of the parts 62, 63.
  • the tubular bars 21 are welded to the ends of the axes of rotation of the guide rollers 18a, 18b fixed to the bars 17 integral with the housing 16.
  • the outer edges of the parts 62 and 63 in the form of circular sectors are extended by side walls 67,68 which constitute the active elements of the profiling shoe.
  • the rigidity of these lateral edges with respect to the portions 62, 63 in the form of circular sectors is ensured by reinforcing gussets 69, 70.
  • the shoe finally comprises means of articulation and relative immobilization of the two parts with respect to each other constituted by a light in an arc of a circle 71 formed in one of the parts in the form of a circular sector and in which is engaged a rod 72 provided with a roller and a locking nut.
  • the lower ends of the lateral edges 67,68 are terminated by inclined edges 79,80 slightly raised towards the front of the shoe in the direction of movement of the machine.
  • these flanges 79.80 form a certain angle between them in most of the relative positions of the two parts 60, 61 of the shoe, so that the ditch obtained has a corresponding hollow. However, if the shoe is in the fully deployed position, the two flanges 79.80 are aligned so as to allow obtaining in this position a ditch of a perfectly flat bottom.
  • the actuator 31 is actuated, which via its rod 30 and the cross member 29 actuates the rods 28.
  • These rods exert a force on the bars 17 of the housings 16 for supporting the strawberries 14 by causing the displacement of the rollers 18a, 18b in the slots 19a, 19b.
  • the difference in inclination of these lights causes, at the same time as a slight displacement in height of the cutters 14, an angular displacement of the latter until the desired inclination.
  • the front milling cutter 15 whose penetration depth can be adjusted by means of the deformable parallelogram 16,17,18 actuated by the jack 19 ensures the digging of a blank ditch which also serves as a passage for the main side cutters 14.
  • the penetration depth of the machine is thereby considerably increased, so that this machine can make, in a single pass, ditches that machines of the prior art had difficulty making in several times.
  • the machine according to the invention has, vis-à-vis the machines, conventional increased flexibility of use.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)

Abstract

The machine includes a frame on which is suspended on a shaft a support for two inclined cutters. The support includes slots of different inclination in which are mounted guide rollers connected to housings in which inclined cutters are rotatively mounted. A jack shifts the housings and consequently adjusts the inclination of the cutters. An additional cutter is located in front of the inclined cutters and is adapted to effect a rough cutting of the trench. A smoothing shoe is openable to a variable extent with the inclination of the cutters.

Description

La présente invention concerne les machines à creuser ou curer les fossés.The present invention relates to machines for digging or cleaning ditches.

On connait déjà des machines de ce type comportant deux fraises de section trapézoïdale inclinées sur la verticale et montées à rotation sur un bâti destiné à être attelé à un tracteur, ces fraises assurant le creusement de canaux de section trapézoïdale.Machines of this type are already known comprising two cutters of trapezoidal section inclined to the vertical and mounted for rotation on a frame intended to be coupled to a tractor, these cutters ensuring the digging of channels of trapezoidal section.

On connait également des machines de creusement à une seule roue ou fraise en forme de double tronc de cône destinées elles aussi à réaliser des canaux à parois inclinées. Ces machines dont les fraises sont entrainées à partir de la prise de force du tracteur, ou bien par des moteurs hydrauliques ne permettent de réaliser que des canaux relativement peu profonds ou bien encore de procéder à plusieurs passages successifs, ce qui constitue une perte de temps et d'énergie considérable.There are also known digging machines with a single wheel or cutter in the form of a double truncated cone also intended for producing channels with inclined walls. These machines, whose cutters are driven from the PTO of the tractor, or by hydraulic motors, allow only relatively shallow channels to be produced or even to make several successive passages, which is a waste of time. and considerable energy.

Par ailleurs, tant dans les machines à deux fraises inclinées que dans celles à une fraise, la position relative et la forme des outils déterminent le profil du canal réalisé sans qu'il soit possible de modifier ce profil.Furthermore, both in machines with two inclined cutters and in those with a cutter, the relative position and the shape of the tools determine the profile of the channel produced without it being possible to modify this profile.

L'invention vise à remédier aux inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus en créant une machine à creuser et à curer les fossés qui tout en présentant une capacité accrue vis à vis des machines connues, permette de réaliser des fossés de profils différents.The invention aims to remedy the drawbacks mentioned above by creating a machine for digging and cleaning ditches which, while having increased capacity with respect to known machines, makes it possible to make ditches of different profiles.

Elle a donc pour objet une machine à creuser et à curer les fossés comprenant montées à rotation sur un bâti deux fraises de section tronconique à axes inclinés sur l'horitontale, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte en outre des moyens de réglage de l'inclinaison des fraises en vue de modifier l'inclinaison des parois du fossé à réaliser.It therefore relates to a machine for digging and cleaning ditches comprising mounted for rotation on a frame two milling cutters of frustoconical section with axes inclined to the horizontal, characterized in that it further comprises means for adjusting the inclination of the strawberries in order to modify the inclination of the walls of the ditch to be produced.

L'invention a également pour objet une machine du type défini ci-dessus, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte en outre une fraise supplémentaire, disposée devant les deux fraises inclinées, suivant le sens de déplacement de la machine et destinée à creuser une ébauche du fossé à réaliser par la machine.The invention also relates to a machine of the type defined above, characterized in that it further comprises an additional milling cutter, disposed in front of the two inclined milling cutters, in the direction of movement of the machine and intended for digging a blank of the ditch to be made by the machine.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaitront au cours de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • - la Fig.l est une vue générale schématique de la machine à creuser ou curer les fossés suivant l'invention;
  • - la Fig.2 est une vue en bout de la machine, sabot de lissage et flasque arrière enlevés, montrant les moyens de fixation et de support des fraises à inclinaison réglable;
  • - la Fig.3 est une vue en coupe partielle à plus grande échelle des moyens de montage à rotation de l'une des fraises à inclinaison réglable;
  • - la Fig.4 est une coupe en élévation du support des fraises à inclinaison réglable;
  • - la Fig.5 est une vue en coupe montrant les moyens de montage à rotation de la fraise avant de la machine;
  • - la Fig.6 est une vue en bout montrant la structure du sabot de lissage de la machine suivant l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear during the description which follows, given by way of example only and with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • - Fig.l is a general schematic view of the machine for digging or cleaning ditches according to the invention;
  • - Fig.2 is an end view of the machine, smoothing shoe and rear flange removed, showing the means for fixing and supporting cutters with adjustable tilt;
  • - Fig.3 is a partial sectional view on a larger scale of the rotary mounting means of one of the adjustable tilt cutters;
  • - Fig.4 is an elevational section of the support of strawberries with adjustable inclination;
  • - Fig.5 is a sectional view showing the rotational mounting means of the front cutter of the machine;
  • - Fig.6 is an end view showing the structure of the smoothing shoe of the machine according to the invention.

La machine à creuser les fossés suivant l'invention représentée à la Fig.l comporte principalement un bâti 1 en forme de pourtre articulé à l'extrémité de bras porteurs 2 et 3 qui font partie d'un tracteur 4. Le bâti 1 est relié au bras supérieur 2 par l'intermédiaire d'une chape 5 de forme générale triangulaire en un point de laquelle extérieur à la ligne joignant les axes 6 et 7 d'articulation de la chape sur le bras 2 et sur le bâti 1 est articulée à son tour une extrémité 8 d'un vérin 9 de réglage de l'inclinaison du bâti 1 en profondeur, l'autre extrémité du vérin 9 étant articulée sur ledit bâti en un point 10.The machine for digging ditches according to the invention shown in Fig.l mainly comprises a frame 1 in the form of a hinge articulated at the end of carrying arms 2 and 3 which are part of a tractor 4. The frame 1 is connected to the upper arm 2 by means of a yoke 5 of generally triangular shape at a point from which outside the line joining the axes 6 and 7 of articulation of the yoke on the arm 2 and on the frame 1 is articulated at in turn, one end 8 of a jack 9 for adjusting the inclination of the frame 1 in depth, the other end of the jack 9 being articulated on said frame at a point 10.

A l'extrémité du bâti 1 opposée à son articulation au bras de support 2 et 3- du tracteur, ce bâti présente une échancrure 11 dans laquelle est monté un arbre 12 de suspension d'un support 13 de deux fraises inclinées 14 de forme tronconique. Sur ce support 13 est en outre montée, une fraise supplémentaire 15 en forme de double tronc de cône destinée lorsque la machine est utilisée pour creuser un fossé, à pratiquer une ébauche de fossé et disposée par conséquent devant les deux fraises principales 14 dans le sens du déplacement de la machine. La fraise 15 est montée sur le support 13 au moyen d'un parallélogramme déformable dont deux des bras sont constitués par des biellettes 15a,15b articulées d'une part sur le support 13 et d'autre part sur une tête 15c portant l'axe de rotation de la fraise 15. Un vérin 15d de réglage de la profondeur de la fraise supplémenaire 15 est articulé entre le support 13 et l'une des biellettes 15a du parallélogramme déformable d'articulation de celle-ci.At the end of the frame 1 opposite its articulation to the support arm 2 and 3 - of the tractor, this frame has a notch 11 in which is mounted a shaft 12 for suspending a support 13 of two inclined cutters 14 of frustoconical shape . On this support 13 is further mounted, an additional cutter 15 in the form of a double truncated cone intended when the machine is used to dig a ditch, to make a ditch draft and consequently placed in front of the two main cutters 14 in the direction movement of the machine. The cutter 15 is mounted on the support 13 by means of a deformable parallelogram, two of the arms of which consist of links 15a, 15b articulated on the one hand on the support 13 and on the other hand on a head 15c carrying the axis of rotation of the cutter 15. A cylinder 15d for adjusting the depth of the additional milling cutter 15 is articulated between the support 13 and one of the links 15a of the deformable parallelogram of articulation thereof.

A l'arrière de la machine ainsi constituée, est disposé un sabot de lissage 20 fixé au support 13 des fraises inclinées au moyen de barres 21.At the rear of the machine thus formed, there is a smoothing shoe 20 fixed to the support 13 of the inclined cutters by means of bars 21.

Sur la Fig.2, on a représenté les moyens de montage et de réglage en inclinaison des fraises tronconiques 14 par rapport au support de fraise 13. On voit sur cette figure que chacune des fraises 14 est montée à rotation dans un boîtier cylindrique 16 d'une manière qui sera décrite en référence à la Fig.3. Chaque boîtier cylindrique 16 comporte à son extrémité opposée à la fraise 14 correspondante, deux barres rectilignes 17 soudées à la surface externe du boîtier et destinées à supporter des galets épaulés de guidage 18a,18b engagés respectivement dans des lumières 19a, 19b d'inclinaisons différentes, ménagée dans deux flasques 22 du support 13. Les lumières 19a et 19b de guidage des galets correspondants associés à chaque boîtier 17 sont symétriques deux à deux par rapport à l'axe de symétrie du support 13. Les flasques 22 sont réunis par des plaques supérieure en tôle 23 et un fond en tôle 24 soudés aux chants des flasques 22.In Fig.2, there is shown the means for mounting and adjusting the inclination of the frustoconical cutters 14 relative to the cutter holder 13. It can be seen in this figure that each of the cutters 14 is rotatably mounted in a cylindrical housing 16 d 'a manner which will be described with reference to Fig.3. Each cylindrical housing 16 has at its end opposite the corresponding cutter 14, two rectilinear bars 17 welded to the external surface of the housing and intended to support shouldered guide rollers 18a, 18b engaged respectively in slots 19a, 19b of different inclinations , formed in two flanges 22 of the support 13. The slots 19a and 19b for guiding the corresponding rollers associated with each housing 17 are symmetrical in pairs with respect to the axis of symmetry of the support 13. The flanges 22 are joined by plates upper plate 23 and a bottom plate 24 welded to the edges of the flanges 22.

Comme le montre en outre la Fig.4, le support 13 comporte des éléments de renforcement intérieurs constitués par des plats 25,26 ainsi que d'autres éléments de renforcement de rigidification. Chaque boîtier 16 comporte à l'extrémité inférieure de l'une des barres 17 de support des galets 18a, 18b, une patte 27 sur laquelle est articulée une biellette 28 de déplacement par inclinaison du boîtier 16, ladite biellette étant articulée à son tour sur une traverse 29 fixée à l'extrémité supérieure de la tige 30 d'un vérin hydraulique 31 dont le cylindre est fixé à la traverse 25 du support 13.As further shown in FIG. 4, the support 13 comprises internal reinforcing elements constituted by plates 25, 26 as well as other stiffening reinforcing elements. Each housing 16 comprises at the lower end of one of the bars 17 for supporting the rollers 18a, 18b, a tab 27 on which is articulated a connecting rod 28 for tilting movement of the housing 16, said rod being articulated in turn on a cross member 29 fixed to the upper end of the rod 30 of a hydraulic cylinder 31 whose cylinder is fixed to the cross member 25 of the support 13.

Des moyens de guidage de la tige 30 du vérin sont en outre prévus afin que la traverse 29 reste toujours perpendiculaire à l'axe de symétrie du support 13 et permette ainsi d'obtenir toujours la même inclinaison des deux fraises 14 par rapport à cet axe de symétrie. Ces moyens de guidage sont décrits en détail en référence à la Fig.4.Means for guiding the rod 30 of the jack are in further provided so that the cross member 29 always remains perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the support 13 and thus allows always to obtain the same inclination of the two cutters 14 relative to this axis of symmetry. These guide means are described in detail with reference to Fig.4.

La traverse 29 est en fait constituée de deux fers plats parallèles 32 soudés à un bloc 33 lui-même fixé à la tige 30 et définissant avec ce bloc des chapes pour l'articulation des extrémités des biellettes 28. Aux surfaces extérieures des fers plats 32, sont soudés des blocs 34 formant coulisseaux qui sont montés à coulissement dans les guides verticaux 35 soudés aux plaques supérieures 23 et à des plaques verticales 35a. On voit enfin sur la Fig.2 que le support 13 comporte à sa partie supérieure, une chape 36 d'articulation de l'extrémité d'un vérin de réglage de l'inclinaison du support 13 par rotation autour de l'arbre 12.The cross member 29 is in fact made up of two parallel flat bars 32 welded to a block 33 itself fixed to the rod 30 and defining with this block yokes for the articulation of the ends of the rods 28. To the outer surfaces of the flat bars 32 are welded blocks 34 forming slides which are slidably mounted in the vertical guides 35 welded to the upper plates 23 and to vertical plates 35a. Finally, it can be seen in FIG. 2 that the support 13 comprises at its upper part, a yoke 36 of articulation of the end of a jack for adjusting the inclination of the support 13 by rotation around the shaft 12.

Comme représenté à la Fig.3, chaque fraise inclinée 14 est entrainée en rotation par un moteur hydraulique 38 monté dans le boîtier 16 correspondant. L'arbre de sortie 39 du moteur 38 présente une extrémité cannelée engagée dans un manchon cannelé correspondant 40 à l'extrémité libre duquel est soudé un disque 41. A la périphérie du disque 41 sont régulièrement répartis des organes d'accouplement élastiques 42 qui relient le disque 41 à une pièce annulaire 43 soudée à son tour sur le moyeu 44 de la fraise. Le moyeu 44 est monté à rotation par l'intermédiaire de roulements 45 sur un tube 46 rendu solidaire du boîtier 16 par l'intermédiare d'une bague 47.As shown in Fig.3, each inclined cutter 14 is rotated by a hydraulic motor 38 mounted in the corresponding housing 16. The output shaft 39 of the motor 38 has a grooved end engaged in a corresponding grooved sleeve 40 at the free end of which a disc 41 is welded. At the periphery of the disc 41 are regularly distributed elastic coupling members 42 which connect the disc 41 has an annular part 43 welded in turn to the hub 44 of the cutter. The hub 44 is rotatably mounted by means of bearings 45 on a tube 46 made integral with the housing 16 by the intermediary of a ring 47.

On voit que grâce à l'accouplement élastique entre le disque 41 et la pièce annulaire 43, il est possible d'absorber les petits désalignements ainsi que les faibles chocs pendant le travail des fraises 14.We see that thanks to the elastic coupling between the disc 41 and the annular part 43, it is possible to absorb small misalignments as well as weak shocks during the work of the cutters 14.

Sur la Fig.5, on a représenté, le montage de la fraise avant 15. Cette fraise est montée à rotation sur un support tubulaire 50 dont est solidaire la tête 18 représentée à la Fig.l et à l'extrémité duquel est fixé le carter d'un moteur hydraulique 51 d'entraînement de cette fraise. La fraise 15 est supportée d'une part par le support tubulaire 50, et d'autre part par un prolongement 52 coaxial au carter du moteur 51, par l'intermédiaire de roulements 53,54. La transmission du mouvement de rotation à partir de l'arbre de sortie 55 du moteur 51 est assurée par l'intermédaire d'un manchon cannelé 56 dans lequel est engagée l'extrémité cannelée de l'arbre de sortie 55 et à la surface extérieure duquel est soudé un plateau 57 relié à un plateau extérieur 58 formant l'extrémité de la fraise 15 par l'intermédiaire d'organes d'accouplement élastique 59 régulièrement répartis à la périphérie des plateaux 57 et 58. On voit que la fraise avant 15 est également reliée à son arbre d'entraînement par l'intermédiaire de moyens d'accouplement élastiques, ce qui permet ici encore de rattraper de légers défauts d'alignement et d'absorber des faibles chocs lors de la rotation de la fraise pendant le fonctionnement de la machine.In Fig.5, there is shown, the mounting of the front cutter 15. This cutter is rotatably mounted on a tubular support 50 which is secured to the head 18 shown in Fig.l and at the end of which is fixed the casing of a hydraulic motor 51 for driving this cutter. Milling cutter 15 is supported on the one hand by the tubular support 50, and on the other hand by an extension 52 coaxial with the casing of the motor 51, by means of bearings 53,54. The transmission of the rotational movement from the output shaft 55 of the motor 51 is ensured by means of a grooved sleeve 56 in which is engaged the grooved end of the output shaft 55 and on the outer surface which is welded a plate 57 connected to an outer plate 58 forming the end of the cutter 15 by means of elastic coupling members 59 regularly distributed around the periphery of the plates 57 and 58. It can be seen that the front cutter 15 is also connected to its drive shaft by means of elastic coupling means, which again makes it possible to make up for slight misalignments and to absorb weak shocks during the rotation of the cutter during operation of the machine.

Le sabot de lissage ou profileur 20 va maintenant être décrit en détail en référence à la Fig.6. Ce sabot est constitué de deux pièces 60,61 qui comportent des portions planes 62,63 se recouvrant, en forme de secteurs circulaires. Elles sont articulées de manière à tourner autour d'un axe 64 passant par le sommet de ces secteurs. Chacune des pices 60,61 est supportée par deux barres tubulaires 21 dont les extrémités opposées sont fixées aux galets 18a, 18b correspondants de guidage et déplacement angulaire des fraises inclinées 14. Dans chacune des parties 62, 63, en forme de secteurs circulaires, est ménagée une échancrure correspondante 65,66,la chute de tôle résultant de chacune des découpes constituant un élément de surépaisseur et de renforcement de la zone non découpée correspondante de l'autre partie, permettant ainsi d'utiliser pour la fixation des deux parties 60 et 61 du sabot, des barres tubulaires 21 de même longueur. Ces découpes 65a,66a sont par exemple soudées aux zônes pleines des parties 62,63. A leurs extrémités opposées au sabot, les barres tubulaires 21 sont soudés aux extrémités des axes de rotation des galets de guidage 18a, 18b fixés aux barres 17 solidaires du boîtier 16. Les bords extérieurs des parties 62 et 63 en forme de secteurs circulaires sont prolongés par des parois latérales 67,68 qui constituent les éléments actifs du sabot profileur. La rigidité de ces bords latéraux par rapport aux portions 62,63 en forme de secteurs circulaires est assurée par des goussets de renforcement 69,70. Le sabot comporte enfin des moyens d'articulation et d'immobilisation relative des deux pièces l'une par rapport à l'autre constitués par une lumière en arc de cercle 71 ménagée dans l'une des parties en forme de secteur circulaire et dans laquelle est engagée une tige 72 pourvue d'un galet et d'un écrou de blocage. Ces moyens d'articulation et d'immobilisation sont complétés par des moyens analogues prévus dans des rebords périphériques 73,74 des parties 62,63 en forme de secteur circulaire et constitués par une lumière en arc de cercle 75 dans laquelle est engagé un galet 76 traversé par une vis 77 portant un écrou de serrage 78.The smoothing shoe or profiler 20 will now be described in detail with reference to FIG. 6. This shoe consists of two parts 60,61 which have flat portions 62,63 overlapping, in the form of circular sectors. They are articulated so as to rotate around an axis 64 passing through the top of these sectors. Each of the parts 60, 61 is supported by two tubular bars 21, the opposite ends of which are fixed to the corresponding rollers 18a, 18b for guiding and angular displacement of the inclined cutters 14. In each of the parts 62, 63, in the form of circular sectors, is formed a corresponding notch 65,66, the drop in sheet metal resulting from each of the cutouts constituting an element of extra thickness and reinforcement of the corresponding uncut area of the other part, thus making it possible to use for fixing the two parts 60 and 61 of the shoe, tubular bars 21 of the same length. These cutouts 65a, 66a are for example welded to the solid areas of the parts 62, 63. At their ends opposite the shoe, the tubular bars 21 are welded to the ends of the axes of rotation of the guide rollers 18a, 18b fixed to the bars 17 integral with the housing 16. The outer edges of the parts 62 and 63 in the form of circular sectors are extended by side walls 67,68 which constitute the active elements of the profiling shoe. The rigidity of these lateral edges with respect to the portions 62, 63 in the form of circular sectors is ensured by reinforcing gussets 69, 70. The shoe finally comprises means of articulation and relative immobilization of the two parts with respect to each other constituted by a light in an arc of a circle 71 formed in one of the parts in the form of a circular sector and in which is engaged a rod 72 provided with a roller and a locking nut. These articulation and immobilization means are supplemented by similar means provided in peripheral edges 73, 74 of the parts 62, 63 in the form of a circular sector and constituted by a light in an arc of a circle 75 in which a roller 76 is engaged. crossed by a screw 77 carrying a tightening nut 78.

Les extrémités inférieures des bords latéraux 67,68 sont terminés par des rebords inclinés 79,80 légèrement relevés vers l'avant du sabot dans le sens de déplacement de la machine.The lower ends of the lateral edges 67,68 are terminated by inclined edges 79,80 slightly raised towards the front of the shoe in the direction of movement of the machine.

Par ailleurs, ces rebords 79,80 font entre eux un certain angle dans la plupart des positions relatives des deux pièces 60,61 du sabot, de sorte que le fossé obtenu présente un creux correspondant. Cependant, si le sabot est en position totalement déployée, les deux rebords 79,80 sont alignés de manière à permettre l'obtention dans cette position d'un fossé d'un fond parfaitement plat.Furthermore, these flanges 79.80 form a certain angle between them in most of the relative positions of the two parts 60, 61 of the shoe, so that the ditch obtained has a corresponding hollow. However, if the shoe is in the fully deployed position, the two flanges 79.80 are aligned so as to allow obtaining in this position a ditch of a perfectly flat bottom.

Si l'on veut procéder au creusement d'un fossé dont les parois présentent une pente particulière compatible avec la capacité de variation d'inclinaison des fraises 14 de la machine, on procède à l'actionnement du vérin 31, qui par l'intermédiaire de sa tige 30 et de la traverse 29 actionne les biellettes 28. Ces biellettes exercent un effort sur les barres 17 des boîtiers 16 de support des fraises 14 en provoquant le déplacement des galets 18a, 18b dans les lumières 19a,19b. La différence d'inclinaison de ces lumières provoque, en même temps qu'un faible déplacement en hauteur des fraises 14, un déplacement angulaire de celles-ci jusqu'à l'inclinaison désirée.If one wishes to dig a ditch whose walls have a particular slope compatible with the capacity for varying the inclination of the milling cutters 14 of the machine, the actuator 31 is actuated, which via its rod 30 and the cross member 29 actuates the rods 28. These rods exert a force on the bars 17 of the housings 16 for supporting the strawberries 14 by causing the displacement of the rollers 18a, 18b in the slots 19a, 19b. The difference in inclination of these lights causes, at the same time as a slight displacement in height of the cutters 14, an angular displacement of the latter until the desired inclination.

Etant donné que les barres tubulaires 21 de support du sabot 20 sont fixées aux galets 18a, 18b qui se déplacent dans le flasque arrière 22 du support 13, la variation d'inclinaison des barres 17 supportant lesdits galets va provoquer une variation d'inclinaison correspondante des pièces 60 et 61 du sabot par rotation autour de l'axe 64 et assurer leur écartement ou leur rapprochement correspondant. Bien entendu après désserrage de moyens d'immobilisation 71,72 et 75 à 78. Lorsque le réglage désiré de l'inclinaison des fraises 14 et l'ouverture correspondante du sabot 20 sont atteints, on peut procéder au creusement ou au curage d'un fossé. L'immobilisation en position des boîtiers 16 des fraises 14 est assurée par le vérin 31 lui-même ou encore par des moyens de verrouillage non représentés appropriés. Les deux pièces 60 et.61 du sabot sont immobilisées l'une par rapport à l'autre par les moyens de verrouillage 71,.72 et 75 à 78.Since the tubular bars 21 for supporting the shoe 20 are fixed to the rollers 18a, 18b which move in the rear flange 22 of the support 13, the variation in inclination of the bars 17 supporting said rollers will cause a corresponding variation in inclination of the parts 60 and 61 of the shoe by rotation around axis 64 and ensure their spacing or their corresponding approximation. Of course after loosening of immobilization means 71, 72 and 75 to 78. When the desired adjustment of the inclination of the cutters 14 and the corresponding opening of the shoe 20 are reached, it is possible to dig or to clear a pit. The immobilization in position of the housings 16 of the cutters 14 is ensured by the jack 31 itself or even by suitable not shown locking means. The two parts 60 and 61 of the shoe are immobilized with respect to each other by the locking means 71, .72 and 75 to 78.

Lors du fonctionnement de la machine, on voit sur la Fig.l que la fraise avant 15 dont la profondeur de pénétration peut être réglée au moyen du parallélogramme déformable 16,17,18 actionné par le vérin 19 assure le creusement d'une ébauche de fossé qui sert également de passage pour les fraises latérales principales 14.During the operation of the machine, it can be seen in FIG. 1 that the front milling cutter 15 whose penetration depth can be adjusted by means of the deformable parallelogram 16,17,18 actuated by the jack 19 ensures the digging of a blank ditch which also serves as a passage for the main side cutters 14.

La profondeur de pénétration de la machine s'en trouve ainsi considérablement accrue, de sorte que cette machine peut réaliser, en un seul passage des fossés que des machines de technique antérieure avaient du mal à réaliser en plusieurs fois.The penetration depth of the machine is thereby considerably increased, so that this machine can make, in a single pass, ditches that machines of the prior art had difficulty making in several times.

Le montage des fraises par l'intermédiaire d'organes d'accouplement élastique permet d'obtenir une meilleure souplesse de fonctionnement et accroit la durée de vie de l'outillage.The assembly of the cutters by means of elastic coupling members makes it possible to obtain better operating flexibility and increases the life of the tool.

Lorsque la-machine suivant-l'invention est utiisée pour le curage de fossés, seules les fraises principales latérales 14 sont nécessaire, de sorte que l'on peut pour cet usage démonter la fraise avant 15, ce démontage étant réalisé simplement en désaccouplant les bielles 16, 17 du parallélogramme déformable des chapes 80, 81 prévues sur le flasque avant 22 du support 13 ainsi que le vérin 19. Bien entendu, l'alimentation du moteur hydraulique 51 de la fraise 15 doit également être interrompu.When the machine according to the invention is used for clearing ditches, only the main lateral cutters 14 are necessary, so that for this use it is possible to disassemble the cutter before 15, this disassembly being carried out simply by uncoupling the connecting rods 16, 17 of the deformable parallelogram of the yokes 80, 81 provided on the front flange 22 of the support 13 as well as the jack 19. Of course, the supply of the hydraulic motor 51 of the cutter 15 must also be interrupted.

Par conséquent, on voit que la machine suivant l'invention présente vis à vis des machines une souplesse d'utilisation accrue classiques.Consequently, it can be seen that the machine according to the invention has, vis-à-vis the machines, conventional increased flexibility of use.

Claims (9)

1. Machine à creuser et curer les fossés comprenant montées à rotation sur un bâti deux fraises (14) de section tronconique à axes inclinés sur l'horizontale, et des moyens (16,17,18a,18b,19a,19b, 28,31) de réglage de l'inclinaison des fraises (14) en vue de modifier l'inclinaison des parois du fossé à réaliser, caractérisée en ce que chacune desdites fraises (14) est montée à rotation dans un boitier (16) portant des galets de guidage (18a, 18b) engagés dans des lumières (19a,19b) d'inclinaisons différentes ménagées dans un support (13) porté par le bâti (1) de la machine, l'inclinaison des boîtiers (16) étant assurée par un vérin (31) monté dans ledit support (13) et relié auxdits boitiers (16) par des biellettes (28).1. Machine for digging and cleaning ditches comprising mounted for rotation on a frame two milling cutters (14) of frustoconical section with axes inclined on the horizontal, and means (16,17,18a, 18b, 19a, 19b, 28, 31) for adjusting the inclination of the cutters (14) in order to modify the inclination of the walls of the ditch to be produced, characterized in that each of said cutters (14) is rotatably mounted in a housing (16) carrying rollers guide (18a, 18b) engaged in slots (19a, 19b) of different inclinations formed in a support (13) carried by the frame (1) of the machine, the inclination of the housings (16) being ensured by a jack (31) mounted in said support (13) and connected to said boxes (16) by connecting rods (28). 2. Machine suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les galets de guidage (18a,18b) sont portés par des barres rectilignes (17) fixées aux boitiers (16) de support des fraises (14).2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide rollers (18a, 18b) are carried by straight bars (17) fixed to the housings (16) for supporting the cutters (14). 3. Machine suivant l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce que le support comporte deux flasques (22) dans chacun desquels sont réalisées deux paires de lumières (19a,19b) pour les galets de guidage (18a, 18b) des deux fraises (14), lesdites paires de lumières étant disposées de part et d'autre de l'axe de symétrie du support (13).3. Machine according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the support comprises two flanges (22) in each of which are made two pairs of lights (19a, 19b) for the guide rollers (18a, 18b) of the two cutters (14), said pairs of lights being arranged on either side of the axis of symmetry of the support (13). 4. Machine suivant l'une des revenndications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le support (13) des fraises (14) est relié au bâti (1) de la machine par un arbre de suspension (12) et en ce que ledit support (13) est inclinable transversalement à la direction de déplacement de la machine.4. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the support (13) of the cutters (14) is connected to the frame (1) of the machine by a suspension shaft (12) and in that said support (13) is tiltable transversely to the direction of movement of the machine. 5. Machine suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, comportant en outre une fraise supplémentaire (15) disposée devant les deux fraises inclinées (14) suivant le sens de déplacement de la machine et destinée à creuser une ébauche du fossé à réaliser par la machine, caractérisée en ce que ladite fraise supplémentaire (15) est fixée au support (13) des fraises inclinables (14) au moyen d'un parallèlo- gramme déformable (15a, 15b) et en ce qu'il est prévu un vérin (15d) de réglage de la profondeur de la fraise supplémentiare (15) relie entre ledit support (13) et l'un des éléments (15a) du parallélogamme déformable.5. Machine according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, further comprising an additional cutter (15) disposed in front of the two inclined cutters (14) in the direction of movement of the machine and intended for digging a draft of the ditch to be produced by the machine, characterized in that said additional cutter (15) is fixed to the support (13) of the tilting cutters (14) by means of a deformable parallelogram (15a, 15b) and in that there is a jack (15d) for adjusting the depth additional milling cutter (15) connects between said support (13) and one of the elements (15a) of the deformable parallelogram. 6. Machine suivant l'une quelconque des revendictions 1 à 5, comportant en outre un sabot de lissage (20) monté à l'arrière de la machine, caractérisée en ce que ledit sabot est réalisé en deux pièces (60,61) réglables en ouverture pour adapter l'inclinaison des parois latérales (67,68) dudit sabot à la pente des parois du fossé à réaliser.6. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a smoothing shoe (20) mounted at the rear of the machine, characterized in that said shoe is made in two parts (60,61) adjustable in opening to adapt the inclination of the side walls (67,68) of said shoe to the slope of the walls of the ditch to be produced. 7. Machine suivant la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que chacune des pièces (60,61) dudit sabot est fixée au moyen de barres (21) aux galets de guidage (18a, 18b) montés dans les lumières (19a, 19b) du support (13) des fraises inclinées (14). le réglage de l'inclinaison des fraises (14) commandant ainsi l'inclinaison des parois latérales des pièces (60,61) du sabot (20).7. Machine according to claim 6, characterized in that each of the parts (60,61) of said shoe is fixed by means of bars (21) to the guide rollers (18a, 18b) mounted in the slots (19a, 19b) of the support (13) for the inclined cutters (14). adjusting the inclination of the cutters (14) thereby controlling the inclination of the side walls of the parts (60,61) of the shoe (20). 8. Machine suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 6 et 7, caractérisée en ce que chacune des pièces (60, 61) formant ledit sabot comporte une portion plane (62,-63) en forme de secteur circulaire, lesdites portions planes étant montées de façon à tourner l'une par rapport à l'autre autour d'un axe (64) passant par leur sommet commun, à l'aide de moyens d'articulation et d'immobilisation en position (71,72 et 75 à 78).8. Machine according to any one of claims 6 and 7, characterized in that each of the parts (60, 61) forming said shoe comprises a planar portion (62, -63) in the form of a circular sector, said planar portions being mounted so as to rotate with respect to each other about an axis (64) passing through their common vertex, using means of articulation and immobilization in position (71,72 and 75 to 78). 9. Machine suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les fraises (14;15) de ladite machine sont reliées aux arbres de sortie de leurs moteurs d'entrainement respectifs (38;51) par l'intermédiaire d'accouplements élastiques (42;59).9. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutters (14; 15) of said machine are connected to the output shafts of their respective drive motors (38; 51) by means of elastic couplings (42; 59).
EP84400400A 1983-03-04 1984-02-28 Ditch cutting and cleaning apparatus Expired EP0119129B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84400400T ATE24221T1 (en) 1983-03-04 1984-02-28 DEVICE FOR DRAWING AND CLEANING DITCHES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8303602 1983-03-04
FR8303602A FR2542024B1 (en) 1983-03-04 1983-03-04 DIGGING AND CURING MACHINE

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EP0119129A1 true EP0119129A1 (en) 1984-09-19
EP0119129B1 EP0119129B1 (en) 1986-12-10

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US (1) US4535555A (en)
EP (1) EP0119129B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS59206531A (en)
AT (1) ATE24221T1 (en)
AU (1) AU563164B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8401003A (en)
CA (1) CA1217786A (en)
DE (1) DE3461664D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2542024B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2518784A (en) 1984-09-06
FR2542024B1 (en) 1985-07-19
EP0119129B1 (en) 1986-12-10
FR2542024A1 (en) 1984-09-07
JPS59206531A (en) 1984-11-22
CA1217786A (en) 1987-02-10
AU563164B2 (en) 1987-07-02
DE3461664D1 (en) 1987-01-22
US4535555A (en) 1985-08-20
BR8401003A (en) 1984-10-09
ATE24221T1 (en) 1986-12-15

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