EP0299871B1 - Excavating device for digging trenches in the ground - Google Patents

Excavating device for digging trenches in the ground Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0299871B1
EP0299871B1 EP88401831A EP88401831A EP0299871B1 EP 0299871 B1 EP0299871 B1 EP 0299871B1 EP 88401831 A EP88401831 A EP 88401831A EP 88401831 A EP88401831 A EP 88401831A EP 0299871 B1 EP0299871 B1 EP 0299871B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drums
support plate
tools
axis
cutting machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88401831A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0299871A1 (en
Inventor
Bertrand Steff De Verninac
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Soletanche SA
Original Assignee
Soletanche SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Soletanche SA filed Critical Soletanche SA
Priority to AT88401831T priority Critical patent/ATE66987T1/en
Publication of EP0299871A1 publication Critical patent/EP0299871A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0299871B1 publication Critical patent/EP0299871B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/22Component parts
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/20Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels
    • E02F3/205Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels with a pair of digging wheels, e.g. slotting machines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a milling machine for digging trenches in the ground, and more particularly such a machine of the type comprising at least one substantially vertical support plate on either side of which two milling drums are rotatably mounted around an axis substantially perpendicular to the plate.
  • This thickness of the support plate creates difficulties during the construction of the trench. Indeed, the milling tools mounted on the two drums on the side of the support plate must be sufficiently spaced from each other to allow the passage of this plate during rotation of the drums. This results in the formation of a step at the bottom of the trench, a width generally at least equal to that of the plate.
  • the lower edge of the support plate abuts on this step, and can therefore prevent drilling progress.
  • the milling tools are thus mounted fixed on the drums, but those of these tools which are projecting can be spaced apart by a distance less than the thickness of the plate.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.
  • the invention relates to a milling machine for digging trenches in the ground, of the type comprising at least one substantially vertical support plate on either side of which two milling drums are rotatably mounted around an axis substantially perpendicular to the plate, each of the drums carrying, on that of its edges which is adjacent to the support plate, at least one tool which projects laterally with respect to this edge, and the support plate comprising, opposite the trajectory of said tools, circular grooves coaxial with the drums through which the ends of these tools pass when the drums rotate, characterized in that the tools projecting from one of the drums are disposed at a distance from said axis different from the distance to said axis of the tools projecting from the other drum, said grooves correspondingly having different radii.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible to completely eliminate the step. It suffices in fact for this that the bottoms of the two grooves are substantially in the same plane. In fact, it is even possible, by shifting these planes, to make the paths of the projecting tools overlap.
  • the grooves can be machined in the support plate, but the latter is preferably made of cast steel.
  • it may have a sectional view along a plane passing through the axis of the drums, substantially an S shape.
  • the milling machine shown in FIG. 1 comprises a frame 1 at the lower part of which are mounted milling drums 2 a and 2 b provided at their periphery with milling tools 3.
  • the drums 2 a and 2 b are mounted on the frame 1 by means of a support device 4 shown in perspective in FIG. 2.
  • This support device essentially comprises a fixing base 5, a support plate 6, and a mounting ring 7.
  • the mean plane 8 of the support plate 6 is substantially vertical in operation, the axis 9 of the shell perpendicular to this plane.
  • the milling drums 2 a and 2 b are also centered on this axis 9.
  • Hydraulic motors (not shown) are mounted inside the shell 7 to drive the drums.
  • the drum 2 a comprises, on the plane 8 side, tools 10 a projecting laterally from its edge 11 a
  • the drum 2 b comprises, also on the plane 8 side, tools 10 b protruding laterally from its edge 11 b .
  • the radially outer edge of the tools 10 a is at a distance r a from the axis 9, while the radially outer edge of the tools 10 b is at a distance r b , less than r a , from this same axis.
  • the tools 10 a and 10 b project laterally from the edges of their respective drums by a distance such that they extend practically to the plane 8.
  • the plate 6 has two circular grooves 12 a and 12 b centered on the axis 9.
  • the bottoms of the grooves 12 a and 12 b are are substantially in plane 8, their radius being respectively equal to r a and r b .
  • the support plate 6 is in this case made of cast steel.
  • the grooves 12 a and 12 b therefore result from the molding of the plate, so that the latter has in axial section, as seen in FIG. 1, substantially an S shape.
  • the plate 6 is also, in this case, provided with conduits 13 for supplying the hydraulic fluid to the motor for driving the milling drums.
  • Figure 1 shows the milling machine according to the invention disposed in a trench 14. We see that at the bottom of the trench the tools 10 a leave in place only a half step 15, which is itself removed by tools 10 b .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)

Abstract

A milling machine for digging trenches in the earth, of the type comprising at least one substantially vertical support plate on both sides of which two milling drums are mounted for rotation about an axis substantially perpendicular to the plate, each of the drums carrying, on the one of its edges which is adjacent to the support plate, at least one tool which projects laterally with respect to this edge, and the support plate including opposite the trajectory of said tools, circular channels coaxial with the drums, through which the ends of these tools pass when the drums turn. The projecting tools of one of the drums redisposed at a distance from the axis which is different from the distance to the axis from the projecting tools of the other drum, the channels having, correspondingly, different radii.

Description

La présente invention concerne un engin de fraisage pour creuser des tranchées dans le sol, et plus particulièrement un tel engin du type comprenant au moins une plaque de support sensiblement verticale de part et d'autre de laquelle deux tambours de fraisage sont montés à rotation autour d'un axe sensiblement perpendiculaire à la plaque.The present invention relates to a milling machine for digging trenches in the ground, and more particularly such a machine of the type comprising at least one substantially vertical support plate on either side of which two milling drums are rotatably mounted around an axis substantially perpendicular to the plate.

On connait déjà de tels engins de fraisage comportant généralement deux plaques, supportant par conséquent quatre tambours tournant deux à deux en sens inverse de manière à ramener les débris de fraisage vers une buse d'aspiration dans l'axe de l'engin.We already know of such milling machines generally comprising two plates, consequently supporting four drums rotating two by two in opposite directions so as to bring the milling debris to a suction nozzle in the axis of the machine.

Au fur et à mesure que l'on réalise de tels engins de capacité de plus en plus forte, on est amené à augmenter l'épaisseur de la plaque de support qui doit reprendre les efforts exercés par le sol sur les tambours de fraisage.As and when such machines of increasing capacity are produced, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the support plate which must take up the forces exerted by the ground on the milling drums.

Cette épaisseur de la plaque de support crée des difficultés lors de la réalisation de la tranchée. En effet, les outils de fraisage montés sur les deux tambours du côté de la plaque de support doivent être suffisamment écartés les uns des autres pour permettre le passage de cette plaque lors de la rotation des tambours. Il en résulte la formation d'un redan au fond de la tranchée, d'une largeur généralement au moins égale à celle de la plaque.This thickness of the support plate creates difficulties during the construction of the trench. Indeed, the milling tools mounted on the two drums on the side of the support plate must be sufficiently spaced from each other to allow the passage of this plate during rotation of the drums. This results in the formation of a step at the bottom of the trench, a width generally at least equal to that of the plate.

Lors de la descente de l'engin de fraisage, le bord inférieur de la plaque de support vient en butée sur ce redan, et peut par conséquent empêcher la progression du forage.When lowering the milling machine, the lower edge of the support plate abuts on this step, and can therefore prevent drilling progress.

On a déjà proposé différentes solutions à ce problème. C'est ainsi que l'on a envisagé de monter de façon mobile sur les tambours les outils de fraisage situés du côté de la plaque de manière à rapprocher les uns des autres les outils des deux tambours lorsqu'ils sont dans une position dégagée de la plaque de support. Cette solution s'est toutefois avérée délicate à mettre en oeuvre dans la mesure où les axes d'articulation de ces outils doivent supporter des efforts extrêmement importants.We have already proposed different solutions to this problem. Thus, it has been envisaged to mount the milling tools located on the side of the plate in a mobile manner on the drums so as to bring the tools of the two drums closer to each other when they are in a position released from the support plate. However, this solution has proven to be difficult to implement since the axes of articulation of these tools must withstand extremely large forces.

Une autre solution a été proposée dans le document FR-A-2252011. Cette solution consiste à monter sur celui des bords de chacun des tambours qui est adjacent à la plaque de support, au moins un outil qui fait saillie latéralement par rapport à ce bord, la plaque de support comportant, en regard de la trajectoire de ces outils, des rainures circulaires coaxiales au tambour dans lesquelles passent les extrémités de ces outils lorsque les tambours tournent.Another solution has been proposed in document FR-A-2252011. This solution consists in mounting on the edge of each of the drums which is adjacent to the support plate, at least one tool which projects laterally with respect to this edge, the support plate comprising, opposite the trajectory of these tools , circular grooves coaxial with the drum through which the ends of these tools pass when the drums rotate.

Les outils de fraisage sont ainsi montés fixes sur les tambours, mais ceux de ces outils qui se trouvent en saillie peuvent être écartés d'une distance inférieure à l'épaisseur de la plaque.The milling tools are thus mounted fixed on the drums, but those of these tools which are projecting can be spaced apart by a distance less than the thickness of the plate.

Cette solution s'est avérée satisfaisante. Toutefois, avec les épaisseurs de plaque actuellement utilisées, il n'en reste pas moins que le redan reste de dimension suffisante pour résister au poids de l'engin de fraisage exercé par l'intermédiaire des surfaces inférieures du bord de la plaque de support.This solution has proved satisfactory. However, with the plate thicknesses currently used, the fact remains that the step remains of sufficient size to withstand the weight of the milling machine exerted through the lower surfaces of the edge of the support plate.

La présente invention vis à pallier ces inconvénients.The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un engin de fraisage pour creuser des tranchées dans le sol, du type comportant au moins une plaque de support sensiblement verticale de part et d'autre de laquelle deux tambours de fraisage sont montés à rotation autour d'un axe sensiblement perpendiculaire à la plaque, chacun des tambours portant, sur celui de ses bords qui est adjacent à la plaque de support, au moins un outil qui fait saillie latéralement par rapport à ce bord, et la plaque de support comportant, en regard de la trajectoire desdits outils, des rainures circulaires coaxiales aux tambours dans lesquelles passent les extrémités de ces outils lorsque les tambours tournent, caractérisé par le fait que les outils en saillie d'un des tambours sont disposés à une distance dudit axe différente de la distance audit axe des outils en saillie de l'autre tambour, lesdites rainures ayant de façon correspondante des rayons différents.To this end, the invention relates to a milling machine for digging trenches in the ground, of the type comprising at least one substantially vertical support plate on either side of which two milling drums are rotatably mounted around an axis substantially perpendicular to the plate, each of the drums carrying, on that of its edges which is adjacent to the support plate, at least one tool which projects laterally with respect to this edge, and the support plate comprising, opposite the trajectory of said tools, circular grooves coaxial with the drums through which the ends of these tools pass when the drums rotate, characterized in that the tools projecting from one of the drums are disposed at a distance from said axis different from the distance to said axis of the tools projecting from the other drum, said grooves correspondingly having different radii.

L'invention permet par conséquent d'éliminer totalement le redan. Il suffit en effet pour cela que les fonds des deux rainures se trouvent sensiblement dans le même plan. En fait, il est même possible, en décalant ces plans, de faire en sorte que les trajectoires des outils en saillie se chevauchent.The invention therefore makes it possible to completely eliminate the step. It suffices in fact for this that the bottoms of the two grooves are substantially in the same plane. In fact, it is even possible, by shifting these planes, to make the paths of the projecting tools overlap.

Les rainures peuvent être usinées dans la plaque de support, mais celle-ci est de préférence réalisée en acier moulé.The grooves can be machined in the support plate, but the latter is preferably made of cast steel.

Dans ce cas, elle peut présenter vue en coupe selon un plan passant par l'axe des tambours, sensiblement une forme de S.In this case, it may have a sectional view along a plane passing through the axis of the drums, substantially an S shape.

Il est également possible, en réalisant une plaque de support moulée, de la munir sans difficulté de conduits d'amenée de fluides pour les moteurs d'entraînement des tambours, si ces derniers sont disposés à l'intérieur des tambours eux-mêmes.It is also possible, by making a molded support plate, to easily provide it with fluid supply conduits for the drum drive motors, if the latter are arranged inside the drums themselves.

On décrira maintenant à titre d'exemple non limitatif un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés dans lesquels:

  • ― la figure 1 est une vue, en coupe axiale, verticale des fraises de l'engin et de leur dispositif de montage, et
  • ― la figure 2 est une vue en perspective de ce dispositif.
A particular embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the appended schematic drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a view, in axial, vertical section of the cutters of the machine and their mounting device, and
  • - Figure 2 is a perspective view of this device.

L'engin de fraisage représenté à la figure 1 comporte un bâti 1 à la partie inférieure duquel sont montés des tambours de fraisage 2a et 2b munis à leur périphérie d'outils de fraisage 3.The milling machine shown in FIG. 1 comprises a frame 1 at the lower part of which are mounted milling drums 2 a and 2 b provided at their periphery with milling tools 3.

Les tambours 2a et 2b sont montés sur le bâti 1 par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de support 4 représenté en perspective à la figure 2.The drums 2 a and 2 b are mounted on the frame 1 by means of a support device 4 shown in perspective in FIG. 2.

Ce dispositif de support comporte pour l'essentiel une semelle de fixation 5, une plaque de support 6, et une virole de montage 7.This support device essentially comprises a fixing base 5, a support plate 6, and a mounting ring 7.

Le plan moyen 8 de la plaque de support 6 est sensiblement vertical en fonctionnement, l'axe 9 de la virole perpendiculaire à ce plan. Les tambours de fraisage 2a et 2b sont également centrés sur cet axe 9. Des moteurs hydrauliques (non représentés) sont montés à l'intérieur de la virole 7 pour entraîner les tambours.The mean plane 8 of the support plate 6 is substantially vertical in operation, the axis 9 of the shell perpendicular to this plane. The milling drums 2 a and 2 b are also centered on this axis 9. Hydraulic motors (not shown) are mounted inside the shell 7 to drive the drums.

Le tambour 2a comporte, du côté du plan 8, des outils 10a faisant saillie latéralement de son bord 11a, tandis que le tambour 2b comporte, également du côté du plan 8, des outils 10b faisant saillie latéralement de son bord 11b.The drum 2 a comprises, on the plane 8 side, tools 10 a projecting laterally from its edge 11 a , while the drum 2 b comprises, also on the plane 8 side, tools 10 b protruding laterally from its edge 11 b .

Le bord radialement extérieur des outils 10a se trouve à une distance ra de l'axe 9, tandis que le bord radialement extérieur des outils 10b se trouve à une distance rb, inférieure à ra, de ce même axe.The radially outer edge of the tools 10 a is at a distance r a from the axis 9, while the radially outer edge of the tools 10 b is at a distance r b , less than r a , from this same axis.

Les outils 10a et 10b font saillie latéralement des bords de leur tambour respectif d'une distance telle qu'ils s'étendent pratiquement jusqu'au plan 8.The tools 10 a and 10 b project laterally from the edges of their respective drums by a distance such that they extend practically to the plane 8.

Afin de permettre le passage de ces outils 10a et 10b à la partie supérieure du dispositif 4, la plaque 6 comporte deux rainures circulaires 12a et 12b centrées sur l'axe 9. Les fonds des rainures 12a et 12b se trouvent sensiblement dans le plan 8, leur rayon étant respectivement égal à ra et rb.In order to allow the passage of these tools 10 a and 10 b at the upper part of the device 4, the plate 6 has two circular grooves 12 a and 12 b centered on the axis 9. The bottoms of the grooves 12 a and 12 b are are substantially in plane 8, their radius being respectively equal to r a and r b .

Ainsi, lors de la rotation des tambours 2a et 2b les extrémités latérales en saillie des outils 10a passent dans la rainure 12a et les extrémités des outils 10b passent dans la rainure 12b.Thus, during the rotation of the drums 2 a and 2 b, the projecting lateral ends of the tools 10 a pass through the groove 12 a and the ends of the tools 10 b pass through the groove 12 b .

La plaque de support 6 est dans le cas présent réalisée en acier moulé. Les rainures 12a et 12b résultent donc du moulage de la plaque, de sorte que celle-ci présente en coupe axiale, telle que vue sur la figure 1, sensiblement une forme de S.The support plate 6 is in this case made of cast steel. The grooves 12 a and 12 b therefore result from the molding of the plate, so that the latter has in axial section, as seen in FIG. 1, substantially an S shape.

La plaque 6 est en outre, dans le cas présent, munie de conduits 13 permettant d'amener le fluide hydraulique au moteur d'entraînement des tambours de fraisage.The plate 6 is also, in this case, provided with conduits 13 for supplying the hydraulic fluid to the motor for driving the milling drums.

La figure 1 montre l'engin de fraisage selon l'invention disposé dans une tranchée 14. On voit qu'à la partie inférieure de la tranchée les outils 10a ne laissent en place qu'un demi redan 15, qui est lui-même éliminé par les outils 10b.Figure 1 shows the milling machine according to the invention disposed in a trench 14. We see that at the bottom of the trench the tools 10 a leave in place only a half step 15, which is itself removed by tools 10 b .

Diverses variantes et modifications peuvent bien entendu être apportées à la description qui précède sans sortir pour autant du cadre ni de l'esprit de l'invention.Various variants and modifications can of course be made to the above description without departing from the scope or the spirit of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. Cutting machine for digging trenches in the ground, of the type comprising at least one substantially vertical support plate (6), on either side of which two cutting drums (2a, 2b) are mounted so as to rotate about an axis (9) substantially perpendicular to the plate, each of the drums carrying, on that edge which is adjacent to the support plate, at least one tool (10a, 10b) which projects laterally with respect to this edge, and the support plate comprising, opposite the path of the said tools, circular grooves (12a, 12b) coaxial with the drums and in which the ends of these tools pass when the drums rotate, characterised in that the projecting tools (10a) of one of the drums (2a) are arranged at a distance (ra) from the said axis (9) which differs from the distance (rb) to the said axis (9) of the projecting tools (10b) of the other drum (2b), the said grooves (12a, 12b) having, correspondingly, different radii about the said axis (9).
2. Cutting machine according to Claim 1, characterised in that the bottoms of the two grooves (12a, 12b) are substantially in the same plane (8).
3. Cutting machine according to either one of Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the said support plate (6) is made of cast steel.
4. Cutting machine according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the said support plate (6) has, when seen in section along a plane passing through the axis (9) of the drums, substantially the shape of an S.
5. Cutting machine according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the said support plate (6) comprises fluid-supply conduits (13).
EP88401831A 1987-07-16 1988-07-13 Excavating device for digging trenches in the ground Expired - Lifetime EP0299871B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88401831T ATE66987T1 (en) 1987-07-16 1988-07-13 MILLING DEVICE FOR DIGING DIGITS IN THE GROUND.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8710069A FR2618172B1 (en) 1987-07-16 1987-07-16 MILLING MACHINE FOR Digging Trenches In The Ground.
FR8710069 1987-07-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0299871A1 EP0299871A1 (en) 1989-01-18
EP0299871B1 true EP0299871B1 (en) 1991-09-04

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ID=9353212

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88401831A Expired - Lifetime EP0299871B1 (en) 1987-07-16 1988-07-13 Excavating device for digging trenches in the ground

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4844549A (en)
EP (1) EP0299871B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0657961B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE66987T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1297503C (en)
CY (1) CY1716A (en)
DE (2) DE299871T1 (en)
ES (1) ES2007580B3 (en)
FR (1) FR2618172B1 (en)
HK (1) HK59593A (en)
SG (1) SG46393G (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5056242A (en) * 1989-05-12 1991-10-15 Finic, B.V. Underground wall construction method and apparatus
FR2862336B1 (en) * 2003-11-18 2006-03-17 Cie Du Sol DRILLING MACHINE WITH ROTARY TOOLS
FR2904338B1 (en) * 2006-07-28 2011-03-04 Cie Du Sol CUTTING HEAD FOR EXCAVATION MACHINE
FR2904339B1 (en) * 2006-07-28 2011-03-04 Cie Du Sol CUTTING HEAD FOR AN EXCAVATION MACHINE
FR2914331B1 (en) * 2007-03-28 2009-07-03 Cie Du Sol Soc Civ Ile CUTTING HEAD FOR ROTATING STRAW GROUT CUTTING MACHINE

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1545629A (en) * 1967-06-29 1968-11-15 Cie Francaise De Geomecanique Device for making trenches in all geological formations
ES420924A1 (en) * 1972-12-14 1976-04-01 Hydrosol Device for drilling in hard rock formation
US4391472A (en) * 1980-10-17 1983-07-05 The Cincinnati Mine Machinery Company Core eliminator for mining, road working or earth moving machinery
US4718504A (en) * 1985-03-15 1988-01-12 Tone Boring Co., Ltd. Trench excavator
DE3519774A1 (en) * 1985-06-03 1986-12-04 Karl Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH & Co KG, 8898 Schrobenhausen MILLING DEVICE FOR A SLOT WALL MILLING
FR2602530B1 (en) * 1986-08-07 1989-06-30 Soletanche MILLING MACHINE FOR Digging Trenches In The Ground

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4844549A (en) 1989-07-04
HK59593A (en) 1993-06-25
JPH0657961B2 (en) 1994-08-03
CA1297503C (en) 1992-03-17
DE299871T1 (en) 1989-08-03
SG46393G (en) 1993-06-25
FR2618172A1 (en) 1989-01-20
JPS6433325A (en) 1989-02-03
DE3864616D1 (en) 1991-10-10
CY1716A (en) 1994-05-06
FR2618172B1 (en) 1989-11-17
ES2007580B3 (en) 1992-03-01
EP0299871A1 (en) 1989-01-18
ES2007580A4 (en) 1989-07-01
ATE66987T1 (en) 1991-09-15

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