EP0115271A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'acier utilisant du carbure de calcium comme source de chaleur auxiliaire - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'acier utilisant du carbure de calcium comme source de chaleur auxiliaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0115271A1
EP0115271A1 EP84100079A EP84100079A EP0115271A1 EP 0115271 A1 EP0115271 A1 EP 0115271A1 EP 84100079 A EP84100079 A EP 84100079A EP 84100079 A EP84100079 A EP 84100079A EP 0115271 A1 EP0115271 A1 EP 0115271A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
melt
calcium carbide
oxidizable
bath
oxidation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84100079A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0115271B1 (fr
Inventor
Balkishan Agrawal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Union Carbide Corp
Original Assignee
Union Carbide Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Union Carbide Corp filed Critical Union Carbide Corp
Priority to AT84100079T priority Critical patent/ATE21705T1/de
Publication of EP0115271A1 publication Critical patent/EP0115271A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0115271B1 publication Critical patent/EP0115271B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
    • C21C5/34—Blowing through the bath
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/068—Decarburising
    • C21C7/0685—Decarburising of stainless steel

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the pneumatic refining of steel and more particularly to the pneumatic refining of steel wherein calcium carbide is employed as an auxiliary fuel.
  • a fuel which is believed to overcome many of these problems is calcium carbide.
  • the oxidized products of calcium carbide are essentially lime, carbon monoxide and carbon. dioxide.
  • the lime may protect the converter's basic lining and aids in desulfurization and the gases act to help sparge the melt.
  • calcium carbide fueling has been practiced only to a limited extent because of the slow and inefficient release of heat which has been far below that believed achievable.
  • a suggested way to achieve improved fuel value from calcium carbide is to inject continuously fine particles of calcium carbide into a melt with oxygen.
  • such a process may be hazardous, requires additional expensive equipment, and is complicated and difficult to carry out especially when the refining process is a subsurface refining process such as the AOD process.
  • Another aspect of the process of this invention is:
  • pneumatic refining is used herein to mean a process wherein oxygen is introduced to a steel melt to oxidize components of the melt.
  • oxidizable component is used herein to mean an element or compound whose oxidation is kinetically favored over calcium carbide under steelmaking conditions.
  • acidic component is used herein to mean an element or compound which fluxes calcium carbide oxidation products.
  • lux is used herein to mean to dissolve into the slag.
  • bath is used herein to mean the contents inside a steelmaking vessel during refining and comprising a melt, which comprises molten steel and material dissolved in the molten steel, and a slag, which comprises material not dissolved in the molten steel.
  • the process of this invention is useful in any subsurface pneumatic steel refining process.
  • Illustrative of subsurface refining processes wherein at least some of the oxygen required to refine the steel is provided to the melt from below the melt surface are the AOD, CLU, OBM, Q-BOP and LWS processes. Those skilled in the art are familiar with these steelmaking terms and with their meanings.
  • a particularly preferred pneumatic steel refining process is the argon oxygen decarburization process or AOD process which is a process for refining molten metals and alloys contained in a refining vessel provided with at least one submerged tuyere comprising
  • calcium carbide is provided to a bath which contains sufficient acidic components and/or oxidizable components, which when oxidized will yield sufficient acidic components, to flux adequately the products of calcium carbide oxidation, such as lime.
  • calcium carbide is continuously kept in contact with the steel melt and the oxidation of the calcium carbide is more efficiently carried out.
  • oxidizable components suitable for use in the process of this invention one can name aluminum, silicon, ferrosilicon, titanium, ferroaluminum, ferrotitanium and the like.
  • oxidizable components it is important that they be added in such a manner so as to minimize slopping of the melt and damage to the converter refractory lining such as is taught in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,187,102 - Choulet et al and 4,278,464 - Bury et al.
  • acidic components suitable for use in the process of this invention one can name aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, the oxidized forms of iron, and the like.
  • the preferred oxidizable components are aluminum and silicon and the preferred acidic components are aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide.
  • the amount of calcium carbide provided to the melt will depend on a number of factors such as the size of the melt, the bath chemistry and the tap temperature required. Those skilled in the art are familiar with such considerations. The amount of calcium carbide provided to the melt will, in turn, influence the amount of oxidizable and/or acidic components provided to the melt.
  • the calcium carbide may be added to the melt in one or more discreet additions or it may be continuously provided to the melt. It is preferable that the calcium carbide particles have a particle size of less than about one-half inch in diameter. If oxidizable components are required to be added to the melt they may be added either prior to or essentially simultaneously with the calcium carbide. A convenient way of making additions is to add both the calcium carbide and the oxidizable component(s) to the melt together preferably in a sealed container.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph of the concentration of aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide as a percentage of the slag on a normalized basis wherein the concentrations of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, lime and magnesium oxide equal 100 percent.
  • the region below the curve represents concentrations of aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide which were not sufficient to flux the products of calcium carbide oxidation. Therefore, the minimum concentrations of aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide, which are the preferred acidic components, in the slag on a normalized basis, in order to carry out the process of this invention may be represented by the equation:
  • a more preferable method of making the calcium carbide addition is as a series of discreet additions, each addition being no more than three weight percent of the bath, most preferably no more than two weight percent.
  • Each calcium carbide addition is accompanied or preceded by the requisite amount of oxidizable and/or acidic components.
  • Figure 1 shows in graphical form the results of one addition wherein calcium carbide is about three weight percent of the bath.
  • the oxidizable components were added to the melt and completely oxidized prior to the calcium carbide addition.
  • the time that the calcium carbide and the oxidizable components are in the melt together is zero.
  • FIG. 2 shows in graphical form the results of two additions of calcium carbide.
  • each addition is about 1.5 weight percent of the bath and each calcium carbide addition is accompanied simultaneously by the requisite amount of oxidizable components, in this case aluminum and silicon.
  • the time wherein the calcium carbide and the oxidizable components coexist in the melt is tl or t2.
  • the calcium carbide and oxidizable component additions may also be made continuously. If the calcium carbide is added continuously, the rate at which oxygen is provided to the melt to oxidize the oxidizable component(s) and the calcium carbide should be such to avoid a significant buildup of calcium carbide in the melt.
  • the calcium carbide is kept from residing in the bath prior to initiation of its oxidation, while the oxidizable components are being oxidized, for more than 5 minutes by the provision to the melt of oxygen at a suitable rate and amount.
  • Those skilled in the art are familiar with the stoichiometry and other considerations which will define the suitable oxygen flow rate and amount.
  • the additions to the melt may be initiated prior to, simultaneously with, or after the start of the oxygen flow, though no additions should be made after the oxygen flow has ceased.
  • the maximum theoretical heat gain is 187°F per percent.
  • the heat gain achieved in Example 1 was about 62 percent of the maximum. It is believed that such a large heat gain has never before been achieved for converters of this size and is comparable to a heat gain of more than 90 percent of the theoretical maximum for a 100-ton converter.
  • the calcium carbide content in the slag was only 0.43 percent indicating virtually complete combustion of the calcium carbide.
  • an oxygen-nitrogen mixture was used for 92 percent of the oxygen blow and an oxygen-argon mixture was used for the remaining 8 percent.
  • the temperature increase attributable to calcium carbide oxidation is determined by accounting for heat loss such as due to lime additions, extra turndowns and alloying element additions, and heat gain due to oxidation of oxidizable components.
  • molten steel is charged to a converter but all the additions are made simultaneously.
  • the oxygen is supplied at a rate such that th oxidizable components are oxidized in about 5 minutes.
  • the calcium carbide is then oxidized.
  • the heat gain is about 72°F per percent calcium carbide.
  • molten steel is charged to a converter but the additions are made in two steps.
  • the first step 7.5 lbs. of aluminum, 14 lbs. of 75 percent ferrosilicon, 40 lbs. of magnesium oxide and 100 lbs. of commercial calcium carbide are added and the melt is blown with 980 standard cubic feet of oxygen to oxidize the aluminum, ferrosilicon and calcium carbide.
  • the calcium carbide resides in the melt for about 2.5 minutes prior to initiation of its oxidation.
  • the procedure is then repeated in the second step.
  • the temperature increase for the melt is about 90°F per percent of calcium carbide.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
EP84100079A 1983-01-06 1984-01-05 Procédé de fabrication d'acier utilisant du carbure de calcium comme source de chaleur auxiliaire Expired EP0115271B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84100079T ATE21705T1 (de) 1983-01-06 1984-01-05 Verfahren zur stahlerzeugung unter verwendung von kalziumkarbid als zusaetzliche waermequelle.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US456113 1983-01-06
US06/456,113 US4477278A (en) 1983-01-06 1983-01-06 Steelmaking process using calcium carbide as fuel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0115271A1 true EP0115271A1 (fr) 1984-08-08
EP0115271B1 EP0115271B1 (fr) 1986-08-27

Family

ID=23811481

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84100079A Expired EP0115271B1 (fr) 1983-01-06 1984-01-05 Procédé de fabrication d'acier utilisant du carbure de calcium comme source de chaleur auxiliaire

Country Status (20)

Country Link
US (1) US4477278A (fr)
EP (1) EP0115271B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS59133311A (fr)
KR (1) KR890003928B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE21705T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU563564B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8400015A (fr)
CA (1) CA1219130A (fr)
DE (1) DE3460511D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES528704A0 (fr)
FI (1) FI840039A (fr)
HU (1) HUT34551A (fr)
IL (1) IL70625A (fr)
IN (1) IN159990B (fr)
NO (1) NO840034L (fr)
PH (1) PH20011A (fr)
PL (1) PL142034B1 (fr)
TR (1) TR21818A (fr)
YU (1) YU1084A (fr)
ZA (1) ZA8493B (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5040552A (en) * 1988-12-08 1991-08-20 Philip Morris Incorporated Metal carbide heat source
US5188130A (en) * 1989-11-29 1993-02-23 Philip Morris, Incorporated Chemical heat source comprising metal nitride, metal oxide and carbon
US5146934A (en) * 1991-05-13 1992-09-15 Philip Morris Incorporated Composite heat source comprising metal carbide, metal nitride and metal

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3666445A (en) * 1967-12-26 1972-05-30 Kaiser Ind Corp Auxiliary composition for steel-making furnaces
US4187102A (en) * 1978-08-24 1980-02-05 Union Carbide Corporation Method for controlling the temperature of the melt during pneumatic refining of steel
GB2052563A (en) * 1979-06-25 1981-01-28 Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff Process for the Treatment of Molten Iron with Increased Scrap Content
US4278464A (en) * 1979-12-27 1981-07-14 Union Carbide Corporation Method for preventing slopping during subsurface pneumatic refining of steel

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2527156B2 (de) * 1975-06-18 1980-09-04 Thyssen Niederrhein Ag Huetten- Und Walzwerke, 4200 Oberhausen Verfahren zur Vorbehandlung einer Stahlschmelze beim Stranggießen

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3666445A (en) * 1967-12-26 1972-05-30 Kaiser Ind Corp Auxiliary composition for steel-making furnaces
US4187102A (en) * 1978-08-24 1980-02-05 Union Carbide Corporation Method for controlling the temperature of the melt during pneumatic refining of steel
GB2052563A (en) * 1979-06-25 1981-01-28 Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff Process for the Treatment of Molten Iron with Increased Scrap Content
US4278464A (en) * 1979-12-27 1981-07-14 Union Carbide Corporation Method for preventing slopping during subsurface pneumatic refining of steel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PH20011A (en) 1986-08-28
YU1084A (en) 1986-06-30
AU563564B2 (en) 1987-07-16
FI840039A (fi) 1984-07-07
IL70625A0 (en) 1984-04-30
FI840039A0 (fi) 1984-01-05
NO840034L (no) 1984-07-09
ZA8493B (en) 1984-08-29
PL245617A1 (en) 1984-09-24
EP0115271B1 (fr) 1986-08-27
KR840007440A (ko) 1984-12-07
AU2311784A (en) 1984-07-12
KR890003928B1 (ko) 1989-10-12
CA1219130A (fr) 1987-03-17
HUT34551A (en) 1985-03-28
ES8602144A1 (es) 1985-11-01
JPH0137450B2 (fr) 1989-08-07
JPS59133311A (ja) 1984-07-31
DE3460511D1 (en) 1986-10-02
ATE21705T1 (de) 1986-09-15
US4477278A (en) 1984-10-16
IL70625A (en) 1987-02-27
PL142034B1 (en) 1987-09-30
ES528704A0 (es) 1985-11-01
BR8400015A (pt) 1984-08-14
TR21818A (tr) 1985-07-25
IN159990B (fr) 1987-06-20

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