EP0110126B1 - Electromagnetic spool valve - Google Patents

Electromagnetic spool valve Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0110126B1
EP0110126B1 EP83110667A EP83110667A EP0110126B1 EP 0110126 B1 EP0110126 B1 EP 0110126B1 EP 83110667 A EP83110667 A EP 83110667A EP 83110667 A EP83110667 A EP 83110667A EP 0110126 B1 EP0110126 B1 EP 0110126B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
motor
chamber
slide
connection
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83110667A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0110126A1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Ing.Grad. Hauser
Friedrich-Wilhelm Höfer
Walter Kraus
Heinz Ing.Grad. Siegel
Wilhelm Zirps
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0110126A1 publication Critical patent/EP0110126A1/en
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Publication of EP0110126B1 publication Critical patent/EP0110126B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/0401Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor
    • F15B13/0402Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor for linearly sliding valves, e.g. spool valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/044Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor operated by electrically-controlled means, e.g. solenoids, torque-motors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/0401Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor
    • F15B2013/0413Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor with four or more positions

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an electromagnetically operated directional valve according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • a directional control valve is already known from US-A-3 899 003 (DE-A-2 423 656), which is suitable as a cheap and simple solenoid valve for controlling four ways in three positions. So that this directional control valve switches quickly on the one hand and on the other hand the switching power to be applied by the magnet does not become too great, the longitudinal slide is guided in the slide bore of the housing with a relatively large amount of play. This has the disadvantage that it is not possible to achieve sufficient tightness for holding loads. In addition, since there are no check valves in the motor connections for securing the load, the respective circulating pressure must first be throttled when the load is activated.
  • a directional control valve with a control slide suitable for manual actuation which can assume a floating position for controlling a fourth function.
  • the directional control valve can also hold loads well, since its motor connections are protected by additional, pilot-operated seat valves, each of which consists of a hydraulically operated seat valve body and a pilot valve located centrally in the latter and pilot-controlling the latter.
  • seat valves are located radially to the longitudinal axis of the control slide, the pilot valves being actuated directly mechanically by the control slide.
  • the directional control valve according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that it has a good tightness as a fast switching solenoid valve for holding loads. It is also suitable for controlling single-acting and double-acting functions. In addition, the directional control valve is relatively simple and compact.
  • a design according to claim 5 is particularly advantageous, as a result of which the directional valve for double-acting function allows a floating position in addition to the positions of lifting, holding and lowering, despite the use of two simple switching magnets. Furthermore, there is a particularly expedient design according to claim 6, whereby the directional control valve for single-acting function enables a high switching capacity limit due to its streamlined ducting for high throughput. In an embodiment according to claim 9 for a single-acting directional control valve, it is particularly advantageous to use the other magnet associated with the lifting function for an additional control function. Further advantageous embodiments result from the remaining claims, the description and the drawing.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an electromagnetically actuated directional valve 10 for a single-acting function.
  • the directional control valve 10 has, in a housing 11, a multiply stepped slide bore 12 which extends from an end flange surface 13 to an opposite flange surface 14. Chambers are formed in the slide bore 12 by annular extensions.
  • a first motor chamber 16 and a second motor chamber 17 lie on both sides of a central inlet chamber 15.
  • a first (21) and a second control chamber 22 are located in the greatly enlarged sections of the slide bore 12 in the areas between the return chamber 18 and 19 and the associated flange surface 13 and 14, respectively.
  • connection chambers 24 and 25 are formed in the housing 11 on a check valve axis 23 running parallel to the slide bore 12 in the housing symmetrically to a plane running through the inlet chamber 15.
  • An angled motor channel 26 or 27 leads from each connection chamber 24, 25 to the first (16) or second motor chamber 17. While the first connection chamber 24 is connected to a motor connection 28, a corresponding motor connection is omitted for the second connection chamber 25 because the directional control valve 10 is equipped for single-acting function, but for the rest the same cast reason body as with a directional control valve for double-acting function.
  • the two motor channels 26, 27 are connected to one another by a bore 29 in the housing 11.
  • two pressure chambers 31 and 32 are formed in the housing 11 in the check valve axis 23, each of which is connected by coaxial recesses 33 to the associated connection chamber 24 or 25 and in each case by associated control channels 34, 35 to the associated control chambers 21 and 22 are.
  • a valve seat 36 is formed in the housing 11 at the transition from the first motor channel 26 to the first connection chamber 24, on which a seat valve body 38 loaded by a spring 37 lies with its cone 39, while it is guided in the recess 33 with its cylindrical shaft 41.
  • a throttle 42 is formed in the seat valve body 38, via which the motor connection 28 is connected to the first pressure chamber 31.
  • the seat valve body 38 is thus part of a hydraulically pilot-operated shut-off valve 43 which secures a load connected to the motor connection 28.
  • the pressure chambers 31, 32 are closed to the outside by plugs 44.
  • a longitudinal slide 45 In the slide bore 12 in the area between the two return chambers 18, 19, a longitudinal slide 45 is tight and slidably guided.
  • the longitudinal slide 45 has a first control chamfer 47 on a central piston section 46 for influencing the inflowing pressure medium flow and a second control chamfer 48 for influencing the outflowing pressure medium flow.
  • At the ends 51, 52 of the longitudinal slide 45 supported by return springs 53, 54 loaded spring plate 55,56, whereby the longitudinal slide 45 is centered in the center position shown.
  • the left return spring 53 is supported on the end face of a slide bush 57, which is inserted into the slide bore 12 and fills the area between the flange surface 13 and an annular bead 58 bordering the return chamber 18.
  • a longitudinal bore 59 is formed coaxially to the axis of the longitudinal slide 45, in which a pilot slide 61 is guided tightly and slidably.
  • a radial bore 62 in the slide bushing 57 leads outward from this longitudinal bore 59 and establishes the connection to the first control chamber 21.
  • a relief space 63 formed in the slide bushing 57 by a screw-in connection is connected to the first return chamber 18 via a longitudinal channel 64 running parallel to the pilot control slide 61.
  • the pilot spool 61 is guided with a cylindrical section 65 in the longitudinal bore 59, whereby it blocks the connection from the radial bore 62 to the relief chamber 63 in the position shown.
  • the section 65 is with very little play of e.g.
  • the outside diameter of the section 65 is chosen to be relatively small relative to the outside diameter of the longitudinal slide 45, which likewise considerably reduces the size of a leakage oil gap.
  • the pilot valve 61 bears with its outer end 66 against a plunger 67 of a switching electromagnet 68, which is attached to the flange surface 13.
  • the pilot spool 61 When the electromagnet 68 is not energized, the pilot spool 61 is held against the plunger 67 by a weak compression spring 69, the compression spring 69 being guided in the radial direction through a bolt-like, inner slide extension 71 and through the spring plate 55 and at the end 51 of the longitudinal slide 45 and supported on the cylindrical portion 65 of the pilot spool 61.
  • the distance between the spool extension 71 and the end 51 on the longitudinal spool 45 is slightly larger than the positive overlap of the pilot spool 61 in the area between the radial bore 62 and the relief chamber 63. This ensures that the pilot spool 61 the radial bore 62 to the tank is relieved when it rests with its slide extension 71 on the longitudinal slide 45 while the longitudinal slide is still in its neutral position.
  • the pilot valve 61 with the slide bush 57 are thus parts of a pilot valve 72 which is connected to a control line 73 which is led from the check valve 43 to the return 18.
  • the pilot spool 61 which is arranged coaxially with the plunger 67 and the longitudinal spool 45, also serves as a component that transmits the stroke of the electromagnet 68 to the longitudinal spool 45.
  • a similar electromagnet 74 is attached to the opposite flange surface 14, the stroke movement of which can be transmitted from the plunger 75 via a pin 76 to the longitudinal slide 45.
  • a pump 78 is connected to the inlet chamber 15 and a single-acting hydraulic motor 79 is connected to the motor connection 28.
  • both electromagnets 68, 74 are not energized.
  • the longitudinal slide 45 is centered in its central position by its double-acting return device 53 to 56, its central piston section 46 closing off the inlet chamber 15.
  • the pilot spool 61 is held by its weak compression spring 69 against the plunger 67 of the electromagnet 68, so that the cylindrical section 65 blocks off the radial bore 62.
  • the load pressure generated by the hydraulic motor 79 can build up via the throttle point 42 in the shut-off valve 43 in the pressure chamber 31 on the rear of the shut-off valve and thus also via the control channel) 34 in the radial bore 62, but it can build up via the tight fit worked Do not remove pilot valve 72 to the tank.
  • the seat valve body 38 of the check valve 43_ is thus pressed onto its seat 36 by the load pressure and thus ensures that the seat is held securely Load on the hydraulic motor 29.
  • the second control chamfer 48 on the longitudinal slide 45 can easily be designed with a negative overlap.
  • the electromagnet 74 If a load on the hydraulic motor 79 is to be lifted, the electromagnet 74 is excited, whereupon its plunger 75 presses the pin 76 against a longitudinal stroke against the longitudinal slide 45 and deflects it against the force of the return spring 53 into its raised position.
  • the first control chamfer 47 opens the connection from the inlet chamber 15 to the second motor chamber 17.
  • the pressure medium arriving there flows further via the second motor channel 27, the bore 29, the check valve 43, which now works as an opening check valve, and the motor connection 28 to the hydraulic motor 79.
  • the second control chamfer 48 has blocked the connection from the first motor chamber 16 to the first return chamber 18, so that no pressure medium coming from the pump 78 can escape to the tank.
  • the distance between the pilot slide 61 and the longitudinal slide 45 is so great in its neutral position that the movement of the longitudinal slide 45 into its raised position is not hindered.
  • the energized electromagnet 74 is switched off, the longitudinal slide 45 is returned to its neutral position, the shut-off valve 43 automatically closing and securing the hydraulic motor 79 in its respective position.
  • the left electromagnet 68 is energized, its plunger 67 first moving the pilot slide 61 against the force of the weak compression spring 69 against the longitudinal slide 45, which is still in its neutral position.
  • its cylindrical section 65 opens a connection from the radial bore 62 to the relief chamber 63, so that a control oil flow from the load 79 via the throttle point 42 in the check valve 43 via the control line 73 with the pilot valve 72 to the return chamber 18 can.
  • the pilot-operated seat valve body 38 opens in this way and pressure medium from the hydraulic motor 79 can flow out via the first motor channel 26 and the first motor chamber 16 to the return chamber 18.
  • the electromagnet 68 presses the longitudinal slide 45 into its lower position via the pilot slide 61, as a result of which the second control chamfer 48 fully opens the relief for the return.
  • the lowering process is terminated when the electromagnet 68 is switched off.
  • the longitudinal slide 45 is returned to its neutral position by the return device 53 to 56 and the pilot slide 61 is displaced into its starting position by the compression spring 69, whereby the control line 73 is interrupted and the shut-off valve closes.
  • the load on the hydraulic motor 79 is held securely again.
  • the directional control valve 10 With the present design of the directional control valve 10, it is also achieved in a particularly expedient manner that the pressure medium flow flowing in via the first control chamfer 47 to the hydraulic motor 79 and the pressure medium flow coming from the hydraulic motor 79 and flowing out via the second control chamfer 48 to the tank each from a chamber 15 or 16 flow into the slide bore 12. In this flow direction, flow forces can be compensated for with the aid of fine control bevels in a favorable manner, as a result of which the switching capacity limit of the directional control valve 10 is significantly increased and the flow rate can thus be increased.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second, electromagnetically actuated directional valve 80, which differs from the first directional valve 10 according to FIG. 1 primarily in that it is equipped for a double-acting function and has a neutral circulation channel.
  • the directional control valve 80 differs from the directional control valve 10 as follows, the same reference numerals being used for the same components.
  • the directional control valve 80 has a housing 81, in which, according to the double-acting function, there is no drilling between the two motor channels 26, 27. The motor channels 26, 27 are thus only connected to their associated motor chambers 16 and 17, respectively.
  • the middle piston sections 93 to 95 control the neutral circulation channel 89 in a manner known per se, while the outer piston sections 92 and 96 respectively control the inflowing and outflowing pressure medium flows to and from the motor connections 28, 26.
  • the two outer piston sections 92, 96 are each designed with a negative overlap, so that in the drawn neutral position of the longitudinal slide 91, the two motor channels 26, 27 are each relieved to their associated return chamber 18 or 19.
  • the mode of operation of the directional control valve 80 according to FIG. 2 corresponds essentially to the mode of operation of the directional control valve 10 with regard to the fast-switching function and the load securing on the hydraulic motor 79 89 flow unrestricted to a downstream directional control valve and then flow to the tank.
  • both motor connections 28 and 86 are protected by their assigned shut-off valves 43 and 87, while the pilot valves 72 and 88 interrupt the control lines 73 and 97, respectively.
  • the hydraulic motor 79 can thus hold a load in both directions of movement.
  • the second directional valve 80 particularly advantageously enables a so-called floating position as the fourth function.
  • both electromagnets 68 and 74 are excited simultaneously. This opens both pilot valves 72 and 88 simultaneously, so that the associated shut-off valves 43 and 87 also open.
  • the longitudinal slide 91 itself is in the center position shown, and due to its negative overlap, both motor channels 26, 27 are each relieved to the return chambers 18 and 19, respectively.
  • the shut-off valves 43 and 87 are open, the hydraulic motor 79 can thus be moved under load in both directions, which corresponds to a floating position of the directional valve 80.
  • FIG. 3 shows a third directional control valve 100 in a simplified representation. It differs from the second directional valve 80 only in that it has no neutral circulation channel 89.
  • the basic housing 11 of the first directional valve 10 can be used as the housing for the directional control valve 100, however the bore 29 is omitted, a second motor connection 86 is provided and two pilot control valves and two check valves are arranged.
  • a design with two controlling piston sections can be used as the control slide for the third directional control valve 100, as is known per se from the mentioned US Pat. No. 3,899,003.
  • FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section through a fourth directional valve 110 which, like the directional valve 10 according to FIG. 1, is designed for a single-acting function and differs from it as follows, the same reference numerals being used for the same components.
  • the fourth directional valve 110 in addition to the pilot control function for the check valve 43, an additional auxiliary control function is integrated, for which purpose an auxiliary slide 111 assigned to the right-hand electromagnet 74 is arranged in the longitudinal slide 45.
  • This auxiliary slide 111 - as shown in the upper half in FIG.
  • the auxiliary slide 111 is at a distance from the longitudinal slide 45 centered in the neutral position. If the electromagnet 74 is actuated, the auxiliary slide 111 is first adjusted to the stop on the longitudinal slide 45, the relief mentioned being controlled via the radial bore 113 before the plunger in further movement of the longitudinal slide 45 from the neutral position shown to the left in a lifting position.
  • the second motor chamber 17 can e.g.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
  • Servomotors (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem elektromagnetisch betätigten Wegeventil nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs. Es ist schon ein solches Wegeventil aus der US-A-3 899 003 (DE-A-2 423 656) bekannt, das sich als billig und einfach bauendes Magnetventil zur Steuerung von vier Wegen in drei Stellungen eignet. Damit dieses Wegeventil einerseits schnell schaltet und andererseits die vom Magneten aufzubringende Schaltleistung nicht zu gross wird, ist der Längsschieber mit relativ grossem Spiel in der Schieberbohrung des Gehäuses geführt. Dies hat den Nachteil, dass keine ausreichende Dichtheit zum Halten von Lasten erreichbar ist. Da ausserdem in den Motoranschlüssen Rückschlagventile zum Absichern der Last fehlen, muss der jeweilige Umlaufdruck beim Ansteuern der Last zuerst angedrosselt werden. Ferner ist bei einem derartigen Ventil die maximale Durchflussmenge infolge der Schaltleistungsgrenze des Magnetventils oft unzureichend. Mit dem bekannten Magnetventil ist auch kein Parallelbetrieb möglich. Da der Längsschieber nur drei Stellungen einnehmen kann, können auch nur drei Funktionen wie z.B. Heben, Halten und Senken gesteuert werden.The invention is based on an electromagnetically operated directional valve according to the preamble of the main claim. Such a directional control valve is already known from US-A-3 899 003 (DE-A-2 423 656), which is suitable as a cheap and simple solenoid valve for controlling four ways in three positions. So that this directional control valve switches quickly on the one hand and on the other hand the switching power to be applied by the magnet does not become too great, the longitudinal slide is guided in the slide bore of the housing with a relatively large amount of play. This has the disadvantage that it is not possible to achieve sufficient tightness for holding loads. In addition, since there are no check valves in the motor connections for securing the load, the respective circulating pressure must first be throttled when the load is activated. Furthermore, with such a valve, the maximum flow rate due to the switching capacity limit of the solenoid valve is often insufficient. Parallel operation is also not possible with the known solenoid valve. Since the longitudinal slide can only take up three positions, only three functions such as Lift, hold and lower can be controlled.

Ferner ist aus der US-A-3 216 448 ein Wegeventil mit einem für eine Handbetätigung geeigneten Steuerschieber bekannt, der zur Steuerung einer vierten Funktion eine Schwimmstellung einnehmen kann. Das Wegeventil kann auch Lasten gut halten, da seine Motoranschlüsse durch zusätzliche, vorgesteuerte Sitzventile abgesichert sind, die jeweils aus einem hydraulisch betätigten Sitzventilkörper und einem in diesem zentrisch angeordneten, letzteren vorsteuernden Vorsteuerventil bestehen. Diese Sitzventile liegen radial zur Längsachse des Steuerschiebers, wobei die Vorsteuerventile unmittelbar mechanisch vom Steuerschieber betätigt werden. Zur Vorsteuerung des Sitzventilkörpers ist dessen eine Feder aufnehmende Steuerdruckkammer über eine Drossel mit dem Motoranschluss verbunden, dessen Druck zudem entgegen der Kraft der Feder in öffnendem Sinne auf eine Ringfläche am Sitzventilkörper wirkt. Nachteilig bei diesem Wegeventil ist, dass sich diese Bauart schlecht für ein schnell schaltendes Magnetventil eignet. Zudem erfordern die mechanisch betätigten, vorgesteuerten Sitzventile einen relativ hohen Bauaufwand und beanspruchen viel Bauraum in radialer Richtung.From US-A-3 216 448 a directional control valve with a control slide suitable for manual actuation is known, which can assume a floating position for controlling a fourth function. The directional control valve can also hold loads well, since its motor connections are protected by additional, pilot-operated seat valves, each of which consists of a hydraulically operated seat valve body and a pilot valve located centrally in the latter and pilot-controlling the latter. These seat valves are located radially to the longitudinal axis of the control slide, the pilot valves being actuated directly mechanically by the control slide. For pilot control of the poppet valve body, its spring-receiving control pressure chamber is connected to the motor connection via a throttle, the pressure of which also acts in an opening direction against the force of the spring on an annular surface on the poppet valve body. The disadvantage of this directional control valve is that this type is poorly suited for a fast-switching solenoid valve. In addition, the mechanically operated, pilot-operated seat valves require a relatively large amount of construction work and require a large amount of installation space in the radial direction.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemssse Wegeventil mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, dass es als schnell schaltendes Magnetventil eine gute Dichtheit zum Halten von Lasten aufweist. Zudem eignet es sich zur Steuerung von einfachwirkenden und doppeltwirkenden Funktionen. Darüber hinaus baut das Wegeventil relativ einfach und kompakt.The directional control valve according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that it has a good tightness as a fast switching solenoid valve for holding loads. It is also suitable for controlling single-acting and double-acting functions. In addition, the directional control valve is relatively simple and compact.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Massnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Wegeventils möglich. Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine Ausbildung gemäss Anspruch 5, wodurch das Wegeventil für doppeltwirkende Funktion trotz Verwendung zweier einfacher Schaltmagnete neben den Stellungen Heben, Halten und Senken eine Schwimmstellung erlaubt. Weiterhin ergibt sich eine besonders zweckmässige Ausbildung gemäss Anspruch 6, wodurch das Wegeventil für einfachwirkende Funktion infolge seiner strömungsgünstigen Kanalführung für hohen Durchsatz eine hohe Schaltleistungsgrenze ermöglicht. Besonders vorteilhaft lässt sich bei einer Ausbildung nach Anspruch 9 für ein einfachwirkendes Wegeventil dessen anderer, der Hebenfunktion zugeordneter Magnet für eine zusätzliche Steuerfunktion mitverwenden. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den übrigen Ansprüchen, der Beschreibung sowie der Zeichnung.Advantageous further developments and improvements of the directional valve specified in the main claim are possible through the measures listed in the subclaims. A design according to claim 5 is particularly advantageous, as a result of which the directional valve for double-acting function allows a floating position in addition to the positions of lifting, holding and lowering, despite the use of two simple switching magnets. Furthermore, there is a particularly expedient design according to claim 6, whereby the directional control valve for single-acting function enables a high switching capacity limit due to its streamlined ducting for high throughput. In an embodiment according to claim 9 for a single-acting directional control valve, it is particularly advantageous to use the other magnet associated with the lifting function for an additional control function. Further advantageous embodiments result from the remaining claims, the description and the drawing.

Zeichnungdrawing

Vier Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 als erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einen Längsschnitt durch ein elektromagnetisch betätigtes Wegeventil für einfachwirkende Funktion,
  • Fig. 2 als zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einen Längsschnitt durch ein Wegeventil für doppeltwirkende Funktion und mit Neutralumlaufkanal,
  • Fig. 3 als drittes Ausführungsbeispiel ein Wegeventil für doppeltwirkende Funktion ohne Neutralumlauf in vereinfachter Darstellung und
  • Fig. 4 ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel.
Four embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:
  • 1 as a first embodiment, a longitudinal section through an electromagnetically operated directional valve for single-acting function,
  • 2 as a second embodiment, a longitudinal section through a directional valve for double-acting function and with a neutral circulation channel,
  • Fig. 3 as a third embodiment of a directional control valve for double-acting function without neutral circulation in a simplified representation and
  • Fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

Die Fig. 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch ein elektromagnetisch betätigtes Wegeventil 10 für eine einfachwirkende Funktion. Das Wegeventil 10 hat in einem Gehäuse 11 eine mehrfach abgesetzte Schieberbohrung 12, die von einer stirnseitigen Flanschfläche 13 zu einer gegenüberliegenden Flanschfläche 14 verläuft. In der Schieberbohrung 12 sind durch ringförmige Erweiterungen Kammern ausgebildet. Zu beiden Seiten einer mittigen Zulaufkammer 15 liegen eine erste Motorkammer 16 sowie eine zweite Motorkammer 17. An die Motorkammern 16, 17 schliessen sich nach aussen hin jeweils eine Rücklaufkammer 18 bzw. 19 an. In den stark vergrösserten Abschnitten der Schieberbohrung 12 jeweils in den Bereichen zwischen der Rücklaufkammer 18 bzw. 19 und der zugeordneten Flanschfläche 13 bzw. 14 liegen dort eine erste (21) bzw. eine zweite Steuerkammer 22.1 shows a longitudinal section through an electromagnetically actuated directional valve 10 for a single-acting function. The directional control valve 10 has, in a housing 11, a multiply stepped slide bore 12 which extends from an end flange surface 13 to an opposite flange surface 14. Chambers are formed in the slide bore 12 by annular extensions. A first motor chamber 16 and a second motor chamber 17 lie on both sides of a central inlet chamber 15. A return chamber 18 and 19, respectively, adjoins the motor chambers 16, 17. A first (21) and a second control chamber 22 are located in the greatly enlarged sections of the slide bore 12 in the areas between the return chamber 18 and 19 and the associated flange surface 13 and 14, respectively.

Auf einer im Gehäuse parallel zur Schieberbohrung 12 verlaufenden Sperrventil-Achse 23 sind im Gehäuse 11 symmetrisch zu einer durch die Zulaufkammer 15 verlaufenden Ebene zwei Anschlusskammern 24 bzw. 25 ausgebildet. Von jeder Anschlusskammer 24, 25 führt ein abgewinkelter Motorkanal 26 bzw. 27 zu der ersten (16) bzw. zweiten Motorkammer 17. Während die erste Anschlusskammer 24 mit einem Motoranschluss 28 in Verbindung steht, entfällt für die zweite Anschlusskammer 25 ein entsprechender Motoranschluss, da das Wegeventil 10 für einfachwirkende Funktion ausgerüstet ist, im übrigen aber den gleichen gegossenen Grundkörper wie bei einem Wegeventil für doppeltwirkende Funktion aufweist. Im Unterschied zu einem Gehäuse für doppeltwirkende Funktion sind bei dem Gehäuse 11 die beiden Motorkanäle 26, 27 durch eine Aufbohrung 29 miteinander verbunden. Ferner sind im Gehäuse 11 in der Sperrventil-Achse 23 zwei Druckkammern 31 bzw. 32 ausgebildet, die jeweils durch koaxiale Ausnehmungen 33 mit der zugeordneten Anschlusskammer 24 bzw. 25 und jeweils durch zugeordnete Steuerkanäle 34, 35 mit den zugeordneten Steuerkammern 21 bzw. 22 verbunden sind.Two connection chambers 24 and 25 are formed in the housing 11 on a check valve axis 23 running parallel to the slide bore 12 in the housing symmetrically to a plane running through the inlet chamber 15. An angled motor channel 26 or 27 leads from each connection chamber 24, 25 to the first (16) or second motor chamber 17. While the first connection chamber 24 is connected to a motor connection 28, a corresponding motor connection is omitted for the second connection chamber 25 because the directional control valve 10 is equipped for single-acting function, but for the rest the same cast reason body as with a directional control valve for double-acting function. In contrast to a housing for double-acting function, the two motor channels 26, 27 are connected to one another by a bore 29 in the housing 11. Furthermore, two pressure chambers 31 and 32 are formed in the housing 11 in the check valve axis 23, each of which is connected by coaxial recesses 33 to the associated connection chamber 24 or 25 and in each case by associated control channels 34, 35 to the associated control chambers 21 and 22 are.

Im Gehäuse 11 ist am Übergang vom ersten Motorkanal 26 zur ersten Anschlusskammer 24 ein Ventilsitz 36 ausgebildet, auf den sich ein von einer Feder 37 belasteter Sitzventilkörper 38 mit seinem Kegel 39 legt, während er mit seinem zylindrischen Schaft 41 in der Ausnehmung 33 geführt ist. Im Sitzventilkörper 38 ist eine Drossel 42 ausgebildet, über welche der Motoranschluss 28 mit der ersten Druckkammer 31 in Verbindung steht. Der Sitzventilkörper 38 ist somit ein Teil eines hydraulisch vorgesteuerten Sperrventils 43, das eine mit dem Motoranschluss 28 in Verbindung stehende Last absichert. Die Druckkammern, 31, 32 sind nach aussen hin durch Stopfen 44 verschlossen.A valve seat 36 is formed in the housing 11 at the transition from the first motor channel 26 to the first connection chamber 24, on which a seat valve body 38 loaded by a spring 37 lies with its cone 39, while it is guided in the recess 33 with its cylindrical shaft 41. A throttle 42 is formed in the seat valve body 38, via which the motor connection 28 is connected to the first pressure chamber 31. The seat valve body 38 is thus part of a hydraulically pilot-operated shut-off valve 43 which secures a load connected to the motor connection 28. The pressure chambers 31, 32 are closed to the outside by plugs 44.

In der Schieberbohrung 12 im Bereich zwischen den beiden Rücklauf kammern 18, 19 ist ein Längsschieber 45 dicht und gleitend geführt. Entsprechend seiner einfachwirkenden Funktion weist der Längsschieber 45 an einem mittleren Kolbenabschnitt 46 eine erste Steuerfase 47 zur Beeinflussung des zufliessenden Druckmittelstroms sowie eine zweite Steuerfase 48 zur Beeinflussung des abfliessenden Druckmittelstroms auf. An den Enden 51, 52 des Längsschiebers 45 stützen sich von Rückstellfedern 53, 54 belastete Federteller 55,56 ab, wodurch der Längsschieber 45 in der gezeichneten Mittelstellung zentriert ist. Die linke Rückstellfeder 53 stützt sich dabei an der Stirnseite einer Schieberbuchse 57 ab, die in die Schieberbohrung 12 eingesetzt ist und den Bereich zwischen der Flanschfläche 13 und einem an die Rücklaufkammer 18 grenzenden Ringwulst 58 ausfüllt.In the slide bore 12 in the area between the two return chambers 18, 19, a longitudinal slide 45 is tight and slidably guided. In accordance with its single-acting function, the longitudinal slide 45 has a first control chamfer 47 on a central piston section 46 for influencing the inflowing pressure medium flow and a second control chamfer 48 for influencing the outflowing pressure medium flow. At the ends 51, 52 of the longitudinal slide 45 supported by return springs 53, 54 loaded spring plate 55,56, whereby the longitudinal slide 45 is centered in the center position shown. The left return spring 53 is supported on the end face of a slide bush 57, which is inserted into the slide bore 12 and fills the area between the flange surface 13 and an annular bead 58 bordering the return chamber 18.

In der Schieberbuchse 57 ist koaxial zur Achse des Längsschiebers 45 eine Längsbohrung 59 ausgebildet, in der ein Vorsteuerschieber 61 dicht und gleitend geführt ist. Von dieser Längsbohrung 59 führt eine Radialbohrung 62 in der Schieberbuchse 57 nach aussen und stellt die Verbindung zur ersten Steuerkammer 21 her. Ein in der Schieberbuchse 57 durch eine Eindrehung ausgebildeter Entlastungsraum 63 steht über einen parallel zum Vorsteuerschieber 61 verlaufenden Längskanal 64 mit der ersten Rücklaufkammer 18 in Verbindung. Der Vorsteuerschieber 61 ist mit einem zylindrischen Abschnitt 65 in der Längsbohrung 59 geführt, wodurch er die Verbindung von der Radialbohrung 62 zum Entlastungsraum 63 in der gezeichneten Stellung sperrt. Der Abschnitt 65 ist dabei mit sehr geringem Spiel von z.B. wenigen tausendstel Millimetern in der Längsbohrung 59 geführt, so dass bei höheren Lastdrücken kein nennenswerter Leckölstrom auftreten kann. Zudem ist der Aussendurchmesser des Abschnitts 65 relativ zum Aussendurchmesser des Längsschiebers 45 verhältnismässig klein gewählt, was ebenfalls die Grösse eines Leckölspaltes erheblich verringert. Der Vorsteuerschieber 61 liegt mit seinem äusseren Ende 66 an einem Stössel 67 eines schaltenden Elektromagneten 68 an, der an der Flanschfläche 13 befestigt ist. Bei nicht erregtem Elektromagneten 68 wird der Vorsteuerschieber 61 durch eine schwache Druckfeder 69 am Stössel 67 anliegend gehalten, wobei die Druckfeder 69 in radialer Richtung durch einen bolzenartigen, inneren Schieberfortsatz 71 sowie durch den Federteller 55 geführt ist und sich am Ende 51 des Längsschiebers 45 und am zylindrischen Abschnitt 65 des Vorsteuerschiebers 61 abstützt. In der gezeichneten Ausgangslage des Vorsteuerschiebers 61 ist der Abstand zwischen dem Schieberfortsatz 71 und dem Ende 51 am Längsschieber 45 geringfügig grösserals die positive Überdeckung des Vorsteuerschiebers 61 im Bereich zwischen der Radialbohrung 62 und dem Entlastungsraum 63. Auf diese Weise ist sichergestellt, dass der Vorsteuerschieber 61 die Radialbohrung 62 zum Tank entlastet, wenn er mit seinem Schieberfortsatz 71 am Längsschieber 45 anliegt, während der Längsschieber noch seine Neutralstellung einnimmt.In the slide bushing 57, a longitudinal bore 59 is formed coaxially to the axis of the longitudinal slide 45, in which a pilot slide 61 is guided tightly and slidably. A radial bore 62 in the slide bushing 57 leads outward from this longitudinal bore 59 and establishes the connection to the first control chamber 21. A relief space 63 formed in the slide bushing 57 by a screw-in connection is connected to the first return chamber 18 via a longitudinal channel 64 running parallel to the pilot control slide 61. The pilot spool 61 is guided with a cylindrical section 65 in the longitudinal bore 59, whereby it blocks the connection from the radial bore 62 to the relief chamber 63 in the position shown. The section 65 is with very little play of e.g. a few thousandths of a millimeter in the longitudinal bore 59, so that no significant leakage oil flow can occur at higher load pressures. In addition, the outside diameter of the section 65 is chosen to be relatively small relative to the outside diameter of the longitudinal slide 45, which likewise considerably reduces the size of a leakage oil gap. The pilot valve 61 bears with its outer end 66 against a plunger 67 of a switching electromagnet 68, which is attached to the flange surface 13. When the electromagnet 68 is not energized, the pilot spool 61 is held against the plunger 67 by a weak compression spring 69, the compression spring 69 being guided in the radial direction through a bolt-like, inner slide extension 71 and through the spring plate 55 and at the end 51 of the longitudinal slide 45 and supported on the cylindrical portion 65 of the pilot spool 61. In the drawn starting position of the pilot spool 61, the distance between the spool extension 71 and the end 51 on the longitudinal spool 45 is slightly larger than the positive overlap of the pilot spool 61 in the area between the radial bore 62 and the relief chamber 63. This ensures that the pilot spool 61 the radial bore 62 to the tank is relieved when it rests with its slide extension 71 on the longitudinal slide 45 while the longitudinal slide is still in its neutral position.

Der Vorsteuerschieber 61 mit der Schieberbuchse 57 sind somit Teile eines Vorsteuerventils 72, das in eine vom Sperrventil 43 zum Rücklauf 18 geführte Steuerleitung 73 geschaltet ist. Der hierbei koaxial zum Stössel 67 und zum Längsschieber 45 angeordnete Vorsteuerschieber 61 dient dabei zugleich als ein den Hub des Elektromagneten 68 auf den Längsschieber 45 übertragendes Bauteil. An der gegenüberliegenden Flanschfläche 14 ist ein gleichartiger Elektromagnet 74 befestigt, dessen Hubbewegung vom Stössel 75 über einen Stift 76 auf den Längsschieber 45 übertragbar ist. Infolge der einfachwirkenden Funktion des Wegeventils 10 ist, anstelle der Schieberbuchse im Bereich der ersten Steuerkammer 21, in die zweite Steuerkammer 22 eine einfachere Distanzbuchse 77 eingesetzt, in welcher der Stift 76 geführt ist.The pilot valve 61 with the slide bush 57 are thus parts of a pilot valve 72 which is connected to a control line 73 which is led from the check valve 43 to the return 18. The pilot spool 61, which is arranged coaxially with the plunger 67 and the longitudinal spool 45, also serves as a component that transmits the stroke of the electromagnet 68 to the longitudinal spool 45. A similar electromagnet 74 is attached to the opposite flange surface 14, the stroke movement of which can be transmitted from the plunger 75 via a pin 76 to the longitudinal slide 45. As a result of the single-acting function of the directional valve 10, instead of the slide bush in the area of the first control chamber 21, a simpler spacer bush 77 is inserted into the second control chamber 22, in which the pin 76 is guided.

An die Zulaufkammer 15 ist eine Pumpe 78 und an den Motoranschluss 28 ein einfachwirkender Hydromotor 79 angeschlossen.A pump 78 is connected to the inlet chamber 15 and a single-acting hydraulic motor 79 is connected to the motor connection 28.

Die Wirkungsweise des Wegeventils 10 für einfachwirkende Funktion wird wie folgt erläutert: In der gezeigten Neutralstellung sind beide Elektromagnete 68, 74 nicht erregt. Dadurch wird der Längsschieber 45 durch seine doppeltwirkende Rückholeinrichtung 53 bis 56 in seiner Mittelstellung zentriert, wobei sein mittlerer Kolbenabschnitt 46 die Zulaufkammer 15 absperrt. Der Vorsteuerschieber 61 wird von seiner schwachen Druckfeder 69 anliegend am Stössel 67 des Elektromagneten 68 gehalten, so dass der zylindrische Abschnitt 65 die Radialbohrung 62 absperrt. Der vom Hydromotor 79 erzeugte Lastdruck kann sich zwar über die Drosselstelle 42 im Sperrventil 43 in der Druckkammer 31 auf der Rückseite des Sperrventils und damit auch über den Steuerkana) 34 in der Radialbohrung 62 aufbauen, kann sich aber über das mit enger Passung gearbeitete, dichte Vorsteuerventil 72 nicht zum Tank abbauen. Der Sitzventilkörper 38 des Sperrventils 43_ wird somit vom Lastdruck auf seinen Sitz 36 gepresst und sorgt somit für ein sicheres Halten der Last am Hydromotor 29. Es kann dabei die zweite Steuerfase 48 am Längsschieber 45 ohne weiteres mit negativer Überdeckung ausgebildet sein.The operation of the directional valve 10 for single-acting function is explained as follows: In the neutral position shown, both electromagnets 68, 74 are not energized. As a result, the longitudinal slide 45 is centered in its central position by its double-acting return device 53 to 56, its central piston section 46 closing off the inlet chamber 15. The pilot spool 61 is held by its weak compression spring 69 against the plunger 67 of the electromagnet 68, so that the cylindrical section 65 blocks off the radial bore 62. The load pressure generated by the hydraulic motor 79 can build up via the throttle point 42 in the shut-off valve 43 in the pressure chamber 31 on the rear of the shut-off valve and thus also via the control channel) 34 in the radial bore 62, but it can build up via the tight fit worked Do not remove pilot valve 72 to the tank. The seat valve body 38 of the check valve 43_ is thus pressed onto its seat 36 by the load pressure and thus ensures that the seat is held securely Load on the hydraulic motor 29. The second control chamfer 48 on the longitudinal slide 45 can easily be designed with a negative overlap.

Soll eine Last am Hydromotor 79 gehoben werden, so wird der Elektromagnet 74 erregt, worauf dessen Stössel 75 den Stift 76 nach Überwindung eines Leerhubes gegen den Längsschieber 45 drückt und diesen gegen die Kraft der Rückstellfeder 53 in seine Hebenstellung auslenkt. Dabei öffnet die erste Steuerfase 47 die Verbindung von der Zulaufkammer 15 zur zweiten Motorkammer 17. Das dort hingelangende Druckmittel fliesst weiter über den zweiten Motorkanal 27, die Aufbohrung 29, das nun als sich öffnendes Rückschlagventil arbeitende Sperrventil 43 und den Motoranschluss 28 zum Hydromotor 79. Zugleich hat die zweite Steuerfase 48 die Verbindung von der ersten Motorkammer 16 zur ersten Rücklaufkammer 18 gesperrt, so dass kein von der Pumpe 78 kommendes Druckmittel zum Tank entweichen kann. Der Abstand zwischen Vorsteuerschieber 61 und Längsschieber 45 ist in dessen Neutralstellung so gross, dass die Bewegung des Längsschiebers 45 in seine Hebenstellung nicht behindert wird. Beim Abschalten des erregten Elektromagneten 74 wird der Längsschieber 45 wieder in seine Neutralstellung zurückgestellt, wobei das Sperrventil 43 selbsttätig schliesst und den Hydromotor 79 in seiner jeweiligen Lage absichert.If a load on the hydraulic motor 79 is to be lifted, the electromagnet 74 is excited, whereupon its plunger 75 presses the pin 76 against a longitudinal stroke against the longitudinal slide 45 and deflects it against the force of the return spring 53 into its raised position. The first control chamfer 47 opens the connection from the inlet chamber 15 to the second motor chamber 17. The pressure medium arriving there flows further via the second motor channel 27, the bore 29, the check valve 43, which now works as an opening check valve, and the motor connection 28 to the hydraulic motor 79. At the same time, the second control chamfer 48 has blocked the connection from the first motor chamber 16 to the first return chamber 18, so that no pressure medium coming from the pump 78 can escape to the tank. The distance between the pilot slide 61 and the longitudinal slide 45 is so great in its neutral position that the movement of the longitudinal slide 45 into its raised position is not hindered. When the energized electromagnet 74 is switched off, the longitudinal slide 45 is returned to its neutral position, the shut-off valve 43 automatically closing and securing the hydraulic motor 79 in its respective position.

Zum Senken des Hydromotors 79 wird der linke Elektromagnet 68 erregt, wobei sein Stössel 67 den Vorsteuerschieber 61 gegen die Kraft der schwachen Druckfeder 69 zuerst auf Anschlag am Längsschieber 45 bewegt, der sich noch in seiner Neutralstellung befindet. Bereits in dieser Zwischenstellung des Vorsteuerschiebers 61 öffnet sein zylindrischer Abschnitt 65 eine Verbindung von der Radialbohrung 62 zum Entlastungsraum 63, so dass sich von der Last 79 über die Drosselstelle 42 im Sperrventil 43 ein Steuerölstrom über die Steuerleitung 73 mit dem Vorsteuerventil 72 zur Rücklaufkammer 18 ausbilden kann. Der auf diese Weise vorgesteuerte Sitzventilkörper 38 öffnet und Druckmittel vom Hydromotor 79 kann über den ersten Motorkanal 26 und die erste Motorkammer 16 zur Rücklaufkammer 18 abströmen. Der Elektromagnet 68 drückt im weiteren Verlauf über den Vorsteuerschieber 61 den Längsschieber 45 in seine Senkenstellung, wodurch die zweite Steuerfase 48 die Entlastung zum Rücklauf voll aufsteuert. Der Senkenvorgang wird beendet, wenn der Elektromagnet 68 abgeschaltet wird. Dann wird der Längsschieber 45 von der Rückholeinrichtung 53 bis 56 wieder in seine Neutrallage zurückgestellt und der Vorsteuerschieber 61 von der Druckfeder 69 in seine Ausgangsstellung verschoben, wodurch die Steuerleitung 73 unterbrochen wird und das Sperrventil schliesst. Die Last am Hydromotor 79 ist wieder sicher gehalten.To lower the hydraulic motor 79, the left electromagnet 68 is energized, its plunger 67 first moving the pilot slide 61 against the force of the weak compression spring 69 against the longitudinal slide 45, which is still in its neutral position. Already in this intermediate position of the pilot spool 61, its cylindrical section 65 opens a connection from the radial bore 62 to the relief chamber 63, so that a control oil flow from the load 79 via the throttle point 42 in the check valve 43 via the control line 73 with the pilot valve 72 to the return chamber 18 can. The pilot-operated seat valve body 38 opens in this way and pressure medium from the hydraulic motor 79 can flow out via the first motor channel 26 and the first motor chamber 16 to the return chamber 18. In the further course, the electromagnet 68 presses the longitudinal slide 45 into its lower position via the pilot slide 61, as a result of which the second control chamfer 48 fully opens the relief for the return. The lowering process is terminated when the electromagnet 68 is switched off. Then the longitudinal slide 45 is returned to its neutral position by the return device 53 to 56 and the pilot slide 61 is displaced into its starting position by the compression spring 69, whereby the control line 73 is interrupted and the shut-off valve closes. The load on the hydraulic motor 79 is held securely again.

Mit vorliegender Bauart des Wegeventils 10 wird ferner in besonders zweckmässiger Weise erreicht, dass der über die erste Steuerfase 47 zum Hydromotor 79 hineinfliessende Druckmittelstrom als auch der vom Hydromotor 79 kommende und über die zweite Steuerfase 48 zum Tank abfliessende Druckmittelstrom jeweils aus einer Kammer 15 bzw. 16 in die Schieberbohrung 12 hineinfliessen. Bei dieser Durchströmungsrichtung können mit Hilfe von Feinsteuerfasen in günstiger Weise Strömungskräfte kompensiert werden, wodurch die Schaltleistungsgrenze des Wegeventils 10 wesentlich erhöht und somit die Durchflussmenge gesteigert werden kann.With the present design of the directional control valve 10, it is also achieved in a particularly expedient manner that the pressure medium flow flowing in via the first control chamfer 47 to the hydraulic motor 79 and the pressure medium flow coming from the hydraulic motor 79 and flowing out via the second control chamfer 48 to the tank each from a chamber 15 or 16 flow into the slide bore 12. In this flow direction, flow forces can be compensated for with the aid of fine control bevels in a favorable manner, as a result of which the switching capacity limit of the directional control valve 10 is significantly increased and the flow rate can thus be increased.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt ein zweites, elektromagnetisch betätigtes Wegeventil 80, das sich von dem ersten Wegeventil 10 nach Fig. 1 vor allem dadurch unterscheidet, dass es für eine doppeltwirkende Funktion ausgerüstet ist und einen Neutralumlaufkanal aufweist. Das Wegeventil 80 unterscheidet sich vom Wegeventil 10 wie folgt, wobei für gleiche Bauelemente gleiche Bezugszeichen verwendet werden. Das Wegeventil 80 hat ein Gehäuse 81, bei dem entsprechend der doppeltwirkenden Funktion die Aufbohrung zwischen den beiden Motorkanälen 26, 27 entfällt. Die Motorkanäle 26, 27 sind somit nur mit ihren zugeordneten Motorkammern 16 bzw. 17 verbunden. Zwischen den beiden Motorkammern 16,17 Hegen anstelle einer einzigen Zulaufkammer 15 nun drei Umlaufkammern 82, 83, 84, von denen die beiden äusseren Umlaufkammern 82, 84 über einen Querkanal 85 miteinander und mit der Pumpe 78 verbunden sind. Im Gehäuse 81 ist nun ein zweiter Motoranschluss 86 ausgebildet, dem in entsprechender Weise wie beim ersten Motoranschluss 28 ein vorsteuerbares Sperrventil 87 zugeordnet ist. Zur Vorsteuerung des Sperrventils 87 dient in entsprechender Weise ein zweites Vorsteuerventil 88, das mit dem ersten Vorsteuerventil 72 baugleich ist. Entsprechend der doppeltwirkenden Funktion und dem nun vorhandenen Neutralumlaufkanal 89 ist in der Schieberbohrung 12 ein Längsschieber 91 geführt, der nun fünf symmetrisch angeordnete Kolbenabschnitte 92 bis 96 aufweist. Dabei steuern in an sich bekannter Weise die mittleren Kolbenabschnitte 93 bis 95 den Neutralumlaufkanal 89, während die äusseren Kolbenabschnitte 92 bzw. 96 jeweils die zufliessenden bzw. die abfliessenden Druckmittelströme zu bzw. von den Motoranschlüssen 28, 26 steuern. Die beiden äusseren Kolbenabschnitte 92, 96 sind jeweils mit negativer Überdeckung ausgeführt, so dass in der gezeichneten Neutralstellung des Längsschiebers 91 die beiden Motorkanäle 26, 27 jeweils zu ihrer zugeordneten Rücklaufkammer 18 bzw. 19 entlastet sind.FIG. 2 shows a second, electromagnetically actuated directional valve 80, which differs from the first directional valve 10 according to FIG. 1 primarily in that it is equipped for a double-acting function and has a neutral circulation channel. The directional control valve 80 differs from the directional control valve 10 as follows, the same reference numerals being used for the same components. The directional control valve 80 has a housing 81, in which, according to the double-acting function, there is no drilling between the two motor channels 26, 27. The motor channels 26, 27 are thus only connected to their associated motor chambers 16 and 17, respectively. Between the two motor chambers 16, 17, instead of a single inlet chamber 15, there are now three circulation chambers 82, 83, 84, of which the two outer circulation chambers 82, 84 are connected to one another and to the pump 78 via a transverse channel 85. A second motor connection 86 is now formed in the housing 81, to which a pilot-controllable check valve 87 is assigned in the same way as for the first motor connection 28. In a corresponding manner, a second pilot valve 88, which is identical to the first pilot valve 72, is used to pilot the check valve 87. Corresponding to the double-acting function and the neutral circulation channel 89 now present, a longitudinal slide 91 is guided in the slide bore 12 and now has five symmetrically arranged piston sections 92 to 96. The middle piston sections 93 to 95 control the neutral circulation channel 89 in a manner known per se, while the outer piston sections 92 and 96 respectively control the inflowing and outflowing pressure medium flows to and from the motor connections 28, 26. The two outer piston sections 92, 96 are each designed with a negative overlap, so that in the drawn neutral position of the longitudinal slide 91, the two motor channels 26, 27 are each relieved to their associated return chamber 18 or 19.

Die Wirkungsweise des Wegeventils 80 nach Fig. 2 entspricht in bezug auf die schnell schaltende Funktion und auf die Lastsicherung am Hydromotor 79 im wesentlichen der Wirkungsweise beim Wegeventil 10. In der gezeichneten Neutralstellung des Längsschiebers 91 kann das von der Pumpe 78 geförderte Druckmittel über den Neutralumlaufkanal 89 ungedrosselt zu einem nachgeschalteten Wegeventil und dann zum Tank fliessen. Bei nicht erregtem Elektromagneten 68 und 74 sind beide Motoranschlüsse 28 und 86 durch ihre zugeordneten Sperrventile 43 und 87 abgesichert, während die Vorsteuerventile 72 und 88 die Steuerleitungen 73 bzw. 97 unterbrechen. Der Hydromotor 79 kann eine Last somit in beiden Bewegungsrichtungen halten. Durch Betätigen des Elektromagneten 74 wird Druckmittel von der Pumpe 78 über den ersten Motoranschluss 28 zum Hydromotor 79 gesteuert, während von dessen anderen Seite Druckmittel über den zweiten Motoranschluss 86 zum Tank zurückgeführt wird. Der Längsschieber 91 sperrt hierbei den Neutralumlaufkanal 89 ab und steuert das von der Pumpe 78 kommende Druckmittel in den ersten Motorkanal 26 und über das sich öffnende Sperrventil 43 zum Motoranschluss 28. Zugleich wird das zweite Sperrventil 87 vom zweiten Vorsteuerventil 88 aufgesteuert, so dass Druckmittel vom zweiten Motoranschluss 86 über den zweiten Motorkanal 27 und die zweite Motorkammer 17 zur Rücklaufkammer 19 abströmen kann. Durch abwechselnde Erregung der Elektromagneten 68 bzw. 74 lässt sich somit der Hydromotor 79 in beiden Richtungen steuern.The mode of operation of the directional control valve 80 according to FIG. 2 corresponds essentially to the mode of operation of the directional control valve 10 with regard to the fast-switching function and the load securing on the hydraulic motor 79 89 flow unrestricted to a downstream directional control valve and then flow to the tank. When the electromagnet 68 and 74 is not energized, both motor connections 28 and 86 are protected by their assigned shut-off valves 43 and 87, while the pilot valves 72 and 88 interrupt the control lines 73 and 97, respectively. The hydraulic motor 79 can thus hold a load in both directions of movement. By actuating the electromagnet 74, pressure medium is controlled from the pump 78 via the first motor connection 28 to the hydraulic motor 79, while pressure medium is controlled from the other side via the second mo port connection 86 is returned to the tank. The longitudinal slide 91 closes off the neutral circulation channel 89 and controls the pressure medium coming from the pump 78 into the first motor channel 26 and via the opening shut-off valve 43 to the motor connection 28. At the same time, the second shut-off valve 87 is opened by the second pilot valve 88, so that pressure medium from second motor connection 86 can flow through the second motor channel 27 and the second motor chamber 17 to the return chamber 19. By alternately energizing the electromagnets 68 and 74, the hydraulic motor 79 can thus be controlled in both directions.

Neben den drei Funktionen für Heben, Halten und Senken ermöglicht das zweite Wegeventil 80 in besonders vorteilhafter Weise als vierte Funktion eine sogenannte Schwimmstellung. Zu diesem Zweck werden beide Elektromagneten 68 und 74 gleichzeitig erregt. Damit werden beide Vorsteuerventile 72 und 88 gleichzeitig geöffnet, so dass auch die zugeordneten Sperrventile 43 bzw. 87 öffnen. Der Längsschieber 91 selbst befindet sich in der gezeichneten Mittelstellung, wobei infolge seiner negativen Überdeckung beide Motorkanäle 26, 27 jeweils zu den Rücklaufkammern 18 bzw. 19 entlastet sind. Bei aufgesteuerten Sperrventilen 43 und 87 kann somit der Hydromotor 79 in beiden Richtungen unter Last bewegt werden, was einer Schwimmstellung des Wegeventils 80 entspricht.In addition to the three functions for lifting, holding and lowering, the second directional valve 80 particularly advantageously enables a so-called floating position as the fourth function. For this purpose, both electromagnets 68 and 74 are excited simultaneously. This opens both pilot valves 72 and 88 simultaneously, so that the associated shut-off valves 43 and 87 also open. The longitudinal slide 91 itself is in the center position shown, and due to its negative overlap, both motor channels 26, 27 are each relieved to the return chambers 18 and 19, respectively. When the shut-off valves 43 and 87 are open, the hydraulic motor 79 can thus be moved under load in both directions, which corresponds to a floating position of the directional valve 80.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt ein drittes Wegeventil 100 in vereinfachter Darstellung. Es unterscheidet sich vom zweiten Wegeventil 80 lediglichh dadurch, dass es keinen Neutralumlaufkanal 89 aufweist. Als Gehäuse für das Wegeventil 100 kann das Grundgehäuse 11 des ersten Wegeventils 10 verwendet werden, wobei jedoch die Aufbohrung 29 entfällt, ein zweiter Motoranschluss 86 vorgesehen wird und zwei Vorsteuerventile sowie zwei Sperrventile angeordnet werden. Als Steuerschieber für das dritte Wegeventil 100 kann eine Bauart mit zwei steuernden Kolbenabschnitten verwendet werden, wie dies aus der erwähnten US-A-3 899 003 an sich bekannt ist.3 shows a third directional control valve 100 in a simplified representation. It differs from the second directional valve 80 only in that it has no neutral circulation channel 89. The basic housing 11 of the first directional valve 10 can be used as the housing for the directional control valve 100, however the bore 29 is omitted, a second motor connection 86 is provided and two pilot control valves and two check valves are arranged. A design with two controlling piston sections can be used as the control slide for the third directional control valve 100, as is known per se from the mentioned US Pat. No. 3,899,003.

Die Fig. 4 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch ein viertes Wegeventil 110, das wie das Wegeventil 10 nach Fig. 1 für eine einfachwirkende Funktion ausgebildet ist und sich von diesem wie folgt unterscheidet, wobei für gleiche Bauelemente gleiche Bezugszeichen verwendet werden. Beim vierten Wegeventil 110 ist neben der Vorsteuerfunktion für das Sperrventil 43 eine zusätzliche Hilfssteuerfunktion integriert, wozu in dem Längsschieber 45 ein dem rechten Elektromagneten 74 zugeordneter Hilfsschieber 111 angeordnet ist. Dieser Hilfsschieber 111 wird - wie dies die obere Hälfte in Fig. 4 darstellt - von einer Druckfeder 112 bei nicht erregtem Elektromagneten 74 in einer Ausgangsstellung gehalten, in welcher die zweite Motorkammer 17 über eine Radialbohrung 113 im Längsschieber 45 und Kanäle 114 im Hilfsschieber 111 zur zweiten Rücklaufkammer 19 entlastet ist. Der Hilfsschieber 111 liegt dabei im Abstand von dem in Neutralstellung zentrierten Längsschieber 45. Wird der Elektromagnet 74 betätigt, so wird zuerst der Hilfsschieber 111 bis zum Anschlag am Längsschieber 45 verstellt, wobei die erwähnte Entlastung über die Radialbohrung 113 zugesteuert wird, bevor der Stössel im weiteren Bewegungsverlauf den Längsschieber 45 aus der gezeichneten Neutrallage heraus nach links in eine Hebenstellung verstellt. Die zweite Motorkammer 17 kann hier z.B. an eine Steuerleitung eines externen Stromreglers oder Schaltventils angeschlossen sein, das bei der Hebenfunktion wirksam wird, so dass der ohnedies vorhandene Elektromagnet 74 für eine zusätzliche Funktion mitbenutzt werden kann, was besonders vorteilhaft ist. Selbstverständlich kann die Zuordnung von Schaltzuständen zu den Stellungen des Hilfsschiebers 111 auch vertauscht werden.FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section through a fourth directional valve 110 which, like the directional valve 10 according to FIG. 1, is designed for a single-acting function and differs from it as follows, the same reference numerals being used for the same components. In the fourth directional valve 110, in addition to the pilot control function for the check valve 43, an additional auxiliary control function is integrated, for which purpose an auxiliary slide 111 assigned to the right-hand electromagnet 74 is arranged in the longitudinal slide 45. This auxiliary slide 111 - as shown in the upper half in FIG. 4 - is held in a starting position by a compression spring 112 when the electromagnet 74 is not energized, in which the second motor chamber 17 via a radial bore 113 in the longitudinal slide 45 and channels 114 in the auxiliary slide 111 second return chamber 19 is relieved. The auxiliary slide 111 is at a distance from the longitudinal slide 45 centered in the neutral position. If the electromagnet 74 is actuated, the auxiliary slide 111 is first adjusted to the stop on the longitudinal slide 45, the relief mentioned being controlled via the radial bore 113 before the plunger in further movement of the longitudinal slide 45 from the neutral position shown to the left in a lifting position. The second motor chamber 17 can e.g. be connected to a control line of an external current regulator or switching valve which is effective in the lifting function, so that the already existing electromagnet 74 can be used for an additional function, which is particularly advantageous. Of course, the assignment of switching states to the positions of the auxiliary slide 111 can also be interchanged.

Claims (9)

1. Electromagnetically actuated directional valve (10, 80, 110) with a longitudinal slide (45) which is arranged in a slide bore (12) of a housing (11) and which controls at least the connections between an inflow chamber (15) and a motor chamber (16, 17) and between the motor chamber (16, 17) and a return-flow chamber (18, 19), for which purpose the longitudinal slide (45) can be deflected by the armature (67) of a magnet (68), counter to the force of a restoring spring (54), out of an initial position into a working position connecting the motor chamber (16, 17) to the return, and with a motor channel (26) leading from the motor chamber (16, 17) to a motor connection (28), characterized in that inserted in the motor channel (26) is a pilot-controlled stop valve (43) which allows a throughflow from the motor chamber (16, 17) to the motor connection (28) and which stops the return flow when the pilot control valve (72) is closed, for which purpose the closing member (38) of the stop valve (43) is loaded in the closing direction by the force of a spring (37) and the control pressure in a pressure chamber (31) and the pressure chamber (31) is connected to the motor connection (28) via a throttle (42), in that the closing member (38) has assigned to it an annular surface which acts in the opening direction and is subjected directly to the pressure prevailing at the motor connection (28), and which serves for opening the closing member (38) counter to the spring force, in that a control line (73) passes in a way which can be influenced from the pressure chamber (31) to the return (18) via a control slide (61) of the pilot control valve (72), the pilot control slide (61) being inserted into the operative connection between the armature (67) and the longitudinal slide (45), being arranged coaxially relative to these (67, 45) and having a substantially smaller outside sealing diameter than the longitudinal slide (45), and in that the pilot control slide (61), when the magnet (68) is not excited, shuts off the control line (73), and, when the magnet (68) is excited, opens the control line (73).
2. Directional valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that, when the magnet (68) is not excited, the pilot control slide (61) is held by a compression spring (69) in an initial position, in which the distance between it and the longitudinal slide (45) is greater than its positive overlap assigned to the control line (72).
3. Directional valve according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the pilot control slide (61) is guided in a bush (57) which is installed firmly in the housing (11) between the electromagnet (68) and the return-flow chamber (18) of the directional valve (10), and in that the bush (57) has a longitudinal channel (64) connecting its two end faces.
4. Directional valve according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the closing member of the stop valve (43) is designed as a seat-valve body (38).
5. Directional valve according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the directional valve is designed as a four-way/three-position valve (80) which is actuable by two magnets (68, 74) and which has two motor chambers (16, 17), two motor connections (28, 86) and two motor channels (26, 27), each connecting a motor chamber to a motor connection, and a pilot-controllable stop valve (43, 87) is assigned to each motor channel (26, 27) and a pilot control valve (72, 88) is assigned to each of the two magnets (68, 74), and in that the longitudinal slide (91), in its middle position, relieves the two motor chambers (16, 17) towards the particular adjacent return-flow chamber (18, 19) via control chamfers.
6. Directional valve according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the directional valve (10) has two motor chambers (16, 17) and two motor channels (26, 27) and is designed for a single-acting function with a single motor connection (28), the two motor channels (26, 27) being connected to one another in the region between the longitudinal slide (45) and the stop valve (43) by means of a recess (29) in the housing (11), and the longitudinal slide (45) being designed so that the stream returning from the motor connection (28) flows to the return (18) via the first motor chamber (16) and a control chamfer (48) on the longitudinal slide (45), and the stream flowing towards the motor connection (28) flows from the inflow chamber (15) in the second motor chamber (17) via a further control chamfer (48) on the longitudinal slide (45).
7. Directional valve according to one of Claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the directional valve (80) has a neutral circulation channel (89), in which the longitudinal slide (91) is inserted.
8. Directional valve according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pilot control slide (61 ) has a cylindrical portion (65) which overruns a radial bore (62) arranged in the bush (57) and connected to the control line (73).
9. Directional valve according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the directional valve (110) has two motor chambers (16, 17) independent of one another, of which the first motor chamber (16) is connected to the motor connection (28) via the motor channel (26) containing the stop valve (43) and the second motor chamber (17) is connected to a pressurized control line, in that two magnets (68, 74) are provided to actuate the longitudinal slide (45), and in that arranged in the longitudinal slide (45) is an auxiliary slide (111) which is inserted in the operative connection between the armature (75) of the second electromagnet (74) and the longitudinal slide (45) and is located in a connection (113, 114) leading from the second motor chamber (17) to the return (19), and which opens this connection in one switching state and closes it in another switching state and, when the electromagnet (74) is not excited, holds this connection (113, 114) in one switching state and, when the electromagnet (74) is excited, holds this connection in the other switching state.
EP83110667A 1982-11-23 1983-10-26 Electromagnetic spool valve Expired EP0110126B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823243180 DE3243180A1 (en) 1982-11-23 1982-11-23 ELECTROMAGNETICALLY ACTUATED DIRECTION VALVE
DE3243180 1982-11-23

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EP0110126A1 EP0110126A1 (en) 1984-06-13
EP0110126B1 true EP0110126B1 (en) 1986-06-04

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EP83110667A Expired EP0110126B1 (en) 1982-11-23 1983-10-26 Electromagnetic spool valve

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Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3639178A1 (en) * 1986-11-15 1988-05-26 Wabco Westinghouse Fahrzeug Door valve
DE3816748A1 (en) * 1988-05-17 1989-11-30 Teves Gmbh Alfred HYDRAULIC UNIT
DE4143274C2 (en) * 1991-12-27 1994-03-10 Mannesmann Ag Valve assembly in modular design
US5799485A (en) * 1995-06-22 1998-09-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electrohydraulic control device for double-acting consumer
DE19522746A1 (en) * 1995-06-22 1997-01-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electro-hydraulic control device for a double-acting consumer
DK2894353T3 (en) * 2014-01-13 2017-07-10 Danfoss Power Solutions Aps ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC CONTROL VALVE
CN106838376A (en) * 2017-02-17 2017-06-13 中国人民解放军军事交通学院 A kind of three-position electromagnetic high voltage pulse reversal valve

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3207178A (en) * 1963-01-04 1965-09-21 Ohio Brass Co Combination motor control valve and exhaust flow control
US3216448A (en) * 1963-02-25 1965-11-09 Parker Hannifin Corp Spool valve assembly
IT1003292B (en) * 1974-01-02 1976-06-10 Atos Oleodinamica Srl HYDRAULIC VALVE WITH DIRECT ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTROL WITH CURSO RE MECHANICAL COUPLING DEVICES
FR2307154A1 (en) * 1975-04-07 1976-11-05 Bennes Marrel Hydraulic distributor valve for earth moving machine cylinder - has non return flow valves allowing cylinder venting when spool valves moved by control spool operation

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EP0110126A1 (en) 1984-06-13
DE3243180A1 (en) 1984-05-24
DE3363955D1 (en) 1986-07-10

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