EP0108425B1 - Burner for the partial combustion of finely divided solid fuel - Google Patents

Burner for the partial combustion of finely divided solid fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0108425B1
EP0108425B1 EP83201026A EP83201026A EP0108425B1 EP 0108425 B1 EP0108425 B1 EP 0108425B1 EP 83201026 A EP83201026 A EP 83201026A EP 83201026 A EP83201026 A EP 83201026A EP 0108425 B1 EP0108425 B1 EP 0108425B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
fuel
outlet
oxygen
channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83201026A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0108425A1 (en
Inventor
Willem Jan Antoon Henri Schoeber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Publication of EP0108425A1 publication Critical patent/EP0108425A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0108425B1 publication Critical patent/EP0108425B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C10J3/506—Fuel charging devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0943—Coke
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner for the partial combustion of a finely divided solid fuel comprising a fuel outlet, a central fuel channel for the supply of finely divided solid fuel to the fuel outlet, an oxidant outlet system comprising at least one oxidant outlet, and an oxidant channel for the supply of oxygen or oxygen-containing gas arranged outside the central fuel channel, wherein the oxidant channel is in communication with the oxidant outlet(s) via at least one connecting channel being at least partly inclined with respect to the flow direction in the central fuel channel.
  • Such a burner is disclosed in GB-A-316,667.
  • Partial combustion also known as gasification
  • gasification of a solid fuel is obtained by reaction of the solid fuel with oxygen.
  • the fuel contains as useful components mainly carbon and hydrogen, which react with the supplied oxygen - and possibly with steam and carbon dioxide - to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Depending on the temperature, the formation of methane is also possible.
  • the process and burner according to the invention are also suitable for other finely divided solid fuels which can be partially combusted, such as lignite, pulverized wood, bitumen, soot and petroleum coke.
  • pure oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas such as air or a mixture of air and oxygen, can be used.
  • finely divided solid fuel is passed into a reactor at a relatively high velocity.
  • flame is maintained in which the fuel reacts with oxygen or oxygen-containing gas at temperatures above 1000°C.
  • the residence time of the fuel in the reactor is in this method relatively short, in any way short enough to prevent sintering of the solid fuel.
  • the last- mentioned method is therefore suitable for the gasification of a relatively wide range of solid fuels.
  • the solid fuel is usually passed in a carrier gas to the reactor via a burner, while oxygen or oxygen-containing gas is also passed via the burner to the reactor. Since solid fuel, even when it is finely divided, is usually less reactive than atomized liquid fuel or gaseous fuel, great care must be taken in the manner in which the fuel and oxygen are mixed. If the mixing is insufficient, zones of underheating are generated in the reactor next to zones of overheating caused by the fact that part of the solid fuel does not receive sufficient oxygen and an other part of the fuel receives too much oxygen. In zones of underheating the fuel is not completely gasified, while in zones of overheating the fuel is completely converted into less valuable products, viz. carbon dioxide and water vapour. Local high temperatures in the reactor have a further drawback in that damage is caused to the refractory lining which is normally arranged at the inner surface of the reactor wall.
  • a primary requirement for obtaining a sufficient mixing of the solid fuel with oxygen throughout the gasification process is a stable supply of solid fuel to the burner fuel outlet.
  • the supply of solid fuel should moreover be uniformly distributed over the total fuel outlet, whereas the oxygen or oxygen-containing gas should be supplied uniformly to the flow of solid fuel, to generate an intimate and uniform contact of oxygen with the solid fuel.
  • the burner according to the above-mentioned GB-A-316,667 comprises a first set of oxidant outlets arranged in a ring around the central fuel outlet and a second set of oxidant outlets arranged in a ring around a ring of secondary fuel outlets which are arranged around the first set of oxidant outlets.
  • This burner can be used for introducing fuel and oxidant in a reactor space.
  • the oxidant leaves the second set of oxidant outlets in the form of a ring of which the outer surface, is in contact with the gases in the reactor space.
  • the gases in the reactor space comprise carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Since the gases in the reactor near the front of the burner will react with the oxidant leaving the second set of oxidant outlets the heat load on the front of the burner will be increased. This increased heat load will cause damage to the front of the burner, and consequently the service life of the burner is considerably reduced. Therefore the known burner is not suitable for the partial combustion of finely divided solid fuel.
  • the burner for the partial combustion of finely divided fuel is characterized in that the entire oxidant outlet system is arranged within the fuel outlet in such a manner that the oxidant outlet(s) divides (divide) the fuel outlet in a centrally arranged zone and a substantially concentrical annular zone.
  • the flow of solid fuel through the burner is hardly disturbed by the flow of oxygen or oxygen-containing gas, so that the core and annulus of solid fuel entering the reactor space will be substantially uniform.
  • the annulus of solid fuel around the oxygen or oxygen-containing gas forms a shield preventing premature mixing of the oxygen or oxygen-containing gas with the gas mixture already formed in the reactor space and thereby preventing the burner front from becoming overheated.
  • a burner for the partial combustion of a finely divided solid fuel, such as pulverized coal, comprises a cylindrical hollow wall member 2 having an enlarged end part forming a front face 3 which is normal to the longitudinal axis 4 of the burner.
  • the hollow wall member 2 is interiorly provided with a concentric wall 5 having an enlarged end part 6 arranged close to the burner front face 3.
  • the concentric wall 5 serves to divide the interior of the hollow wall member 2 into passages 7 and 8 and a transition passage 9 for cooling fluid supplied into and discharged from the interior of the wall member 2 via not shown conduit means.
  • the hollow wall member 2 encloses a central channel 10 for finely divided solid fuel having a free end 11 forming an outlet for the solid fuel.
  • the burner 1 further comprises conduit means 12 for oxygen or oxygen-containing gas having free ends 13 forming an outlet for the oxygen or oxygen-containing gas.
  • the conduit means 12 are composed of an annular channel 14 concentrically arranged around the central channel 10 and a plurality of connecting channels 15 forming a fluid communication between the annular channel 14 and the outlet 13.
  • the connecting channels 15 which are uniformly distributed with respect to the annular channel 14 each have an inclined part 16 extending from a location outside the central channel 10 to a location inside said central channel.
  • the angle of inclination of the inclined parts 16 of the connecting channels 15 should be so chosen that the flow of solids through the central channel 10 is hardly disturbed by the presence of said parts 16.
  • the free ends 13 of the conduit means 12, forming an outlet for oxygen or oxygen-containing gas, are uniformly distributed over the circumference of a circle having its centre positioned on the longitudinal burner axis 4, thereby dividing the outlet 11 for solid fuel into a first, central zone 17 and a second, concentrically disposed annular zone 18.
  • pulverized coal suspended in a carrier fluid is passed through the central channel 10 to the outlet 11 for entering a reactor space arranged downstream of the burner.
  • air is passed through the annular channel 14 and via the connecting channels 15 to the outlet 13, for contacting the solid fuel in the reactor space.
  • the annulus of solid fuel entering the reactor space via the annular zone 18 of the outlet 11 forms a shield preventing the burner front face 3 from becoming overheated.
  • the length of the central channel 10 downstream of the inclined parts 16 of the connecting channels 14 should be chosen sufficiently large for stabilization of the solid fuel in case disturbances are caused upon passing said inclined parts 16.
  • the annulus of solid fuel leaving the burner 1 via the zone 18 should be sufficiently narrow for allowing contact of the oxygen-containing gas with all the solid fuel in the annulus. Care should, however, be taken that the annulus width is sufficiently large for maintaining a stable flow of solid fuel.
  • a suitable width of the annulus for solid fuel is chosen within the range of 3 to 20 mm. An even more suitable width is in the range of 3 to 10 mm.
  • the flow stability of the solid fuel might be further improved by generating a swirling motion in the annular part of the central channel 10, for example by means of not shown baffles arranged in said central channel.
  • the central channel 10 for solid fuel of a burner generally indicated with reference number 20 has a relatively narrow section 21, a frustoconically shaped transition section 22 and an enlarged section 23 at the burner front face 3.
  • a bluff body 24 is centrally arranged within the transition section 22 by means of a plurality of spacers 25.
  • the conduit means for oxygen or oxygen-containing gas are formed by a first annular channel 26, encompassing the relatively narrow section 21 of the central channel for the solid fuel, and a second annular channel 27 arranged within the enlarged section 23 of the solid fuel channel.
  • the second annular channel 27 is provided with an open end forming an annular outlet 28 for oxygen or oxygen-containing gas within the outlet 11 for solid fuel.
  • Fluid communication between the annular channels 26 and 27 is accomplished via a plurality of connecting channels 29 being inclined with respect to the flow direction of the solid fuel in the central channel 10. At the location of the transition section 22 the connecting channels 29 enter the central channel for solid fuel.
  • pulverized coal entering the transition section 22 via section 21 of the central channel 10 is forced to flow in lateral outward direction towards the enlarged section 23.
  • the bluff body 24 promotes a distribution of the coal over the enlarged portion 23 of the central channel for the coal.
  • Simultaneously air is transferred to the annular channel 27 and outlet 28 via the annular channel 26 and the connecting channels 29.
  • the cross-sectional area of the enlarged portion 23 available for the solid fuel is suitably chosen substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of the part 21 of the central channel for solid fuel, so that the velocity and the density of the coal flow are substantially constant over the central channel.
  • the central channel for solid fuel has the same shape as the solid fuel channel in the burner shown in the Figures 4-6.
  • oxygen or oxygen-containing gas is transferred via the annular channel 26 and a plurality of partly inclined connecting channels 30 each forming a fluid communication between the annular channel 26 and having an open end forming an outlet 31 for the oxygen or oxygen-containing gas.
  • the channels 30 each have an end part 32 helically arranged with respect to the central channel 10 of the burner in order to supply the oxygen or oxygen-containing gas leaving the channels 30 with a tangential velocity component to the core 14 of solid fuel.
  • a swirling motion of the oxygen or oxygen-containing gas is so generated, which promotes the mixing of said gas with the finely divided solid fuel.
  • an inward or outward radial velocity component may be imparted to the gas in order to preferentially promote the mixing with the core and the annulus of solid fuel respectively.
  • the invention is not restricted to particular means for controlling the heat load of the burner.
  • the burner may for example be provided with a suitable refractory lining applied onto the outer surface of the burner front wall for resisting the heat load during operation of the burner.
  • the channels and conduits for oxygen which are usually made of metal, are preferably internally coated with an oxidic coating, such as Z r 0 2 or a ceramic, enabling the application of high oxygen velocities without the risk of metal combustion by the oxygen.
  • the invention is not restricted to a particular number of oxygen channels, provided that the channels are preferably substantially equally distributed with respect to the central channel for solid fuel.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
EP83201026A 1982-08-23 1983-07-11 Burner for the partial combustion of finely divided solid fuel Expired EP0108425B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8224139 1982-08-23
GB8224139 1982-08-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0108425A1 EP0108425A1 (en) 1984-05-16
EP0108425B1 true EP0108425B1 (en) 1987-05-06

Family

ID=10532466

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83201026A Expired EP0108425B1 (en) 1982-08-23 1983-07-11 Burner for the partial combustion of finely divided solid fuel

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0108425B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5956606A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU562821B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1221839A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3371405D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA836171B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013057133A1 (en) * 2011-10-21 2013-04-25 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Gasification reactor
CN113862039A (zh) * 2020-06-30 2021-12-31 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 气化喷嘴

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0221414U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1988-07-15 1990-02-13
US7028622B2 (en) * 2003-04-04 2006-04-18 Maxon Corporation Apparatus for burning pulverized solid fuels with oxygen
US20090061374A1 (en) * 2007-01-17 2009-03-05 De Jong Johannes Cornelis High capacity burner
WO2012041808A1 (en) * 2010-10-01 2012-04-05 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. A burner for the gasification of a solid fuel
CN202835334U (zh) * 2012-04-02 2013-03-27 国际壳牌研究有限公司 用于气化固体燃料的燃烧器
CN114992631B (zh) * 2022-05-25 2023-04-11 河南凯盛石油设备有限公司 一种双通道分解炉燃烧器

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE395423C (de) * 1921-01-09 1924-05-15 Wilhelm Lautenschlaeger Brenner fuer gasfoermigen und staubfoermigen Brennstoff
GB316667A (en) * 1928-08-02 1930-05-22 Appareils Manutention Fours Stein Sa Improvements in burners for pulverised or gaseous fuel
AT125818B (de) * 1929-12-23 1931-12-10 Actien Ges Der Locomotivfabrik Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Verfeuerung von Kohlenstaub.
JPS5495025A (en) * 1978-01-13 1979-07-27 Babcock Hitachi Kk Vent air treating system containing particle coal
NL183096C (nl) * 1979-06-13 1988-07-18 Shell Int Research Brander voor de partiele verbranding van een fijnverdeelde vaste brandstof met zuurstof en een moderatorgas.

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013057133A1 (en) * 2011-10-21 2013-04-25 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Gasification reactor
CN113862039A (zh) * 2020-06-30 2021-12-31 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 气化喷嘴

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH04163B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1992-01-06
CA1221839A (en) 1987-05-19
JPS5956606A (ja) 1984-04-02
AU1819683A (en) 1984-03-01
AU562821B2 (en) 1987-06-18
ZA836171B (en) 1984-04-25
EP0108425A1 (en) 1984-05-16
DE3371405D1 (en) 1987-06-11

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