EP0104595B1 - Glühlampe mit zwei GefäBen - Google Patents

Glühlampe mit zwei GefäBen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0104595B1
EP0104595B1 EP19830109347 EP83109347A EP0104595B1 EP 0104595 B1 EP0104595 B1 EP 0104595B1 EP 19830109347 EP19830109347 EP 19830109347 EP 83109347 A EP83109347 A EP 83109347A EP 0104595 B1 EP0104595 B1 EP 0104595B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mesh
capsule
lamp
outer envelope
stem
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19830109347
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0104595A2 (de
EP0104595A3 (en
Inventor
Peter R. Gagnon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Flowil International Lighting Holding BV
Original Assignee
GTE Products Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GTE Products Corp filed Critical GTE Products Corp
Publication of EP0104595A2 publication Critical patent/EP0104595A2/de
Publication of EP0104595A3 publication Critical patent/EP0104595A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0104595B1 publication Critical patent/EP0104595B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/26—Screens; Filters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to double-enveloped tungsten-halogen incandescent lamps comprising an outer envelope, a light-source capsule, a stem on which said capsule is mounted within said outer envelope, said stem having a flare which is hermetically sealed to said outer envelope, and a mesh surrounding said light-source capsule.
  • One type of containment failure which may occur in a lamp having a single-ended light-source capsule is as follows.
  • the capsule ruptures near or in the press seal.
  • the remainder or upper body of the capsule remains intact.
  • the capsule body (still referred to herein as a shard) is propelled away from the press seal toward the outer envelope.
  • the outer envelope is shattered by the impact of the propelled capsule body.
  • FR-A-849 331 From FR-A-849 331 a double-enveloped incandescent lamp as described in the opening paragraph is shown.
  • the mesh of this lamp has the function of supporting the inner capsule but not of protecting the environment in case of a containment failure of the lamp. Said protective function is to be carried out by the outer envelope.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a double-enveloped incandescent lamp of the type mentioned in the first paragraph above in which the operational safety characteristics of the lamp are improved without the luminous efficacy being impaired.
  • said mesh absorbs energy by deformation thereof in case of a capsule burst and restricts shards of said capsule from shattering said outer envelope, the size of the openings in the mesh being such that those shards of said capsule with mass large enough to cause a rupture of said outer envelope are restrained from passing through said mesh and impacting said outer envelope, said mesh being formed from light-reflecting metal wire and causing a minimal reduction in the luminous efficacy of said lamp, means for mounting said mesh about said capsule and anchoring said mesh on said stem being further provided.
  • the mesh used with the invention has the ability to absorb energy upon deformation thereof by a capsule burst. Such ability can be achieved, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, by using a knitted mesh as shown in the drawings. It is easily understood that knitting is capable of absorbing energy upon impact of e.g. a shard because a knitted mesh can "give in” at that spot radially outwardly for some distance by stretching without exceeding the strength of a filament, more specifically, the kinetic energy of a shard is turned over into energy of deformation of the mesh, such deformation spreading from the point of impact of the shard.
  • the mesh is not necessarily knitted; the expert knows different types of forming a mesh serving the purpose.
  • the containment mesh located within the outer envelope, need not restrain all shards from passing through the mesh; it need restrain only those shards having a mass large enough to rupture the outer envelope upon a capsule burst.
  • the containment mesh and the outer envelope cooperate to protect the surroundings.
  • the stitch or opening size of the mesh of the instant invention may be relatively large, so that the lamp luminous efficacy is not impaired.
  • the terms "light-source capsule” or "capsule” denote a tungsten halogen incandescent light-generating capsule of a double-enveloped tungsten halogen lamp.
  • This type of lamp, with single-ended and double-ended capsules, has been suggested in the prior art.
  • U.S. Patents No. 3,194,625, by Danko, issued July 13, 1965; No. 3,448,321, by Shanks, issued June 3, 1969; and No. 3,515,930, by Walsh et al, issued June 2, 1970, provide examples of tungsten halogen lamps of both the single-ended and double-ended capsule varieties.
  • Lamps with light-source capsule containment devices constructed in accordance with the foregoing description will exhibit substantially improved operating safety characteristics when compared to lamps of the prior art.
  • Fig. 1 shows a double-enveloped tungsten halogen incandescent lamp 10 having a light-source capsule containment device 12.
  • Lamp 10 comprises outer envelope 14, light-source capsule 16, stem 18, containment mesh 20, and mesh mounting means 22.
  • Capsule 16 is mounted on stem 18 by means of stiff lead-in wires 23 which protrude from stem 18.
  • mesh 20 comprises knitted metal wire which forms a cylindrical sleeve which is closed at mesh top 26.
  • Mesh 20 encloses capsule 16 laterally and about capsule-top 24.
  • Mesh 20 may be formed into such a closed cylindrical sleeve by means of being knitted, self-welded, clamped, etc.
  • More than one method may be used in the construction of containment mesh 20, such as knitting the mesh into a cylindrical sleeve and closing mesh-top 26 by welding or clamping.
  • Mounting means 22 for containment mesh 20 comprises anchoring pins 29.
  • Mesh 20, in sleeve form, is mounted by slipping the open end of the sleeve.over capsule 16 and a portion of stem 18 such that anchoring pins 29 fit through respective stitches or openings of mesh 20.
  • Anchoring pins 29 should be inserted into openings of mesh 20 which are sufficiently distant from the edge of the fabric so that the fabric will not tear in the event a force is exerted on mesh 20 in the direction of arrow 30.
  • the distance between mesh-top 26 and outer envelope 14, as shown by distance d in the drawing, is greater than the maximum stretch of mesh 20 in the direction of arrow 30.
  • the flare of stem 18, not shown in the drawing, is hermetically sealed to outer envelope 14.
  • mesh 20 will absorb and contain a substantial portion of the energy emanating from such burst. In particular, mesh 20 will restrict shards of capsule 16 from shattering outer envelope 14. If capsule 16 fractures such that a substantial portion of capsule 16 is propelled in the direction of arrow 30, mesh 20 will contain capsule 16 and prevent it from shattering outer envelope 14 because mesh 20 is anchored to stem 18 and distance d exceeds the maximum possible extension of mesh 20. Thus, the protection against a containment failure of a tungsten halogen lamp has been significantly improved.
  • containment mesh 20 is knitted. In other embodiments, containment mesh 20 may be rigid. In some embodiments, the knitted mesh may be preferred because of its superior energy-containing capability; in other embodiments, the rigid mesh may be preferred because of its tractability.
  • the mesh be as light-transmissive as possible so that there will be a minimal effect on the efficacy of the lamp.
  • a certain percentage of light will be reflected by the mesh on the light's first pass through the capsule.
  • a portion of the reflected light will be unobstructed by the mesh on the reflected light's subsequent pass or passes through the capsule.
  • the net reduction in luminous efficacy is less than would be expected by estimating the percentage of the area of the capsule covered by the mesh.
  • efficacy was reduced by less than 7% due to the presence of the mesh. This efficacy loss can be reduced to less than 6% by electropolishing the mesh. Because of the partial diffusion caused by the mesh, there is reduced glare from the lamp.
  • the mesh size i.e., the number of stitches or openings per inch, is selected such that the mesh will contain shards with mass large enough to be likely to cause a rupture of the outer envelope in the even of a burst of the light-source capsule.
  • the selection of mesh size is dependent on many factors, such as the type of lamp, the properties of the light-source capsule, the atmosphere within the capsule, the type of mesh, the diameter and tensile strength of the strand or strands in the mesh, etc.
  • one or both lead-in wires can be insulated by means of a dielectric sleeve or coating; also, one or both lead-in wires may contain a fuse as an additional precaution.
  • containment mesh 20 is mounted to stem 18 by means of anchoring pins 29.
  • a single anchoring pin or clamp may suffice.
  • Another feasible mounting means would to warp a strap tightly around mesh 20 and stem 18.
  • Still another mounting means may be to weld or clamp the mesh to one or both lead-in wires 23 provided one or both lead-in wires 23 have been properly insulated against the possibility of an electrical short circuit.
  • the selection of construction material for the containment mesh is heavily influenced by the environment within the outer envelope during operation of the lamp and immediately following a burst of the light-source capsule. During lamp operation, the temperature about the mesh may be in excess of 200°C.
  • Stainless-steel wire with a high chromium content is a preferred material for the construction of the mesh and mounting strap or straps because of its superior high-temperature properties, relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion, good resistance to oxidation and corrosion, and high tensile strength.
  • Fig. 1 Several example lamps of the type shown in Fig. 1 were constructed. Mesh sizes ranges from 7 to 20 stitches or openings per inch. Each containment mesh was knitted into a cylindrical sleeve from a single strand of stainless-steel wire having a diameter of 0.127 mm (0.005 inches). Closure of the top of the mesh was accomplished by welding a strap of nickel across the mesh top. The light-source capsules were sealed into A 21 bulbs such that the distance between the top of the mesh and the outer envelope was approximately one-half inch. Internal capsule pressures were approximately 7-10 atmospheres when the lamp was cold; operating capsule pressures were in the 15-20 atmospheres range.
  • Fig. 2 shows an elevational view of light-source capsule 16, containment mesh 20, and mesh-mounting means 32.
  • mesh 20 is mounted directly on capsule 16 by means of strap 33 which is tightly wrapped around mesh 20 and press seal 28 of capsule 16.
  • Alternate mounting means would be to clamp mesh 20 together below capsule-base 34 or to clamp mesh 20 to one or both lead-in wires 23. If either of the alternate mesh-mounting means are employed, one or both lead-in wires 23 should be insulated with a dielectric sleeve or coating in order to prevent a possible electrical short circuit caused by the wire mesh coming in contact with both lead-in wires 23.
  • mesh 20 is mounted directly on capsule 16 by means of elastic or frictional forces exerted against the body of capsule 16 by mesh 20 itself. With the frictional mounting means, mesh 20 may not be anchored sufficiently to insure against the possibility of a substantial portion of capsule 16 and mesh 20 being propelled in the direction of arrow 30 and impacting with the outer envelope of the lamp. If this collision should occur, collision-absorbing means 36 acts as a cushion and prevents the shattering of the outer envelope. in this embodiment, collision-absorbing means 36 is a slightly crumpled portion of mesh 20 positioned above capsule-top 24.
  • a double-ended light-source capsule 38 has containment mesh 20 secured thereto by mesh-mounting means 22.
  • containment mesh 20 is a knitted cylindrical sleeve 21
  • mesh-mounting means 22 comprises straps 43 which are tightly wrapped around sleeve 21 and press seals 44 of capsule 38.
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged, partial, pictorial view of an embodiment of a knitted containment mesh 20.
  • the stitch is approximately square, as shown by approximately equal horizontal and vertical distances x on the diagram.
  • This type of mesh may be knitted from a single strand 46 of wire or other sutable material.
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged partial, pictorial view of an embodiment of a screen or rigid containment mesh 20 which may be preferred in certain embodiments of the invention.
  • the stitch is approximately square, as shown by approximately equal horizontal and vertical distances y on the diagram.
  • This type of mesh generally is constructed from a plurality of strands of wire or strands of other suitable material as shown by vertical strands 48 and horizontal strands 50 in the diagram.

Landscapes

  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Wolfram-Halogen-Doppelmantel-Glühlampe mit einer äußeren Hülle (14), einer Kapsel (16) als Lichtquelle, einem Stiel (18), auf dem die Kapsel innerhalb der äußeren Hülle angeordnet ist und der eine konische Erweiterung besitzt, die an der äußeren Hülle hermetisch dichtend angesiegelt ist, mit einem die Lichtquelle bildenden Kapsel umgebenden Gitter (20), das im Falle einer Kapselsprengung Energie durch Deformation absorbiert und Splitter der Kapsel daran hindert, die äußere Hülle (14) zu zerschlagen, wobei die Größe der Öffnungen in dem Gitter derart ist, daß diejenigen Splitter der Kapsel, deren Masse groß genug ist, um einen Bruch der Hu811e hervorzurufen, an einem Passieren des Gitters und einem Auftreffen auf die äußere Hülle gehindert werden, und wobei das Gitter aus das Licht reflektierendem Metalldicht gebildet ist und eine minimale Reduzierung der Leuchteffizienz der Lampe hervorruft, und wobei schließlich die Lampe (10) darüberhinaus Elemente (22, 29) für die Montage des Gitters un die Kapsel herum und zum Verankerns desselben am Stiel aufweist.
2. Lampe nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher die Mittel (22) zur Montage des Gitters Reibkräfte einschließen, die von dem Gitter (20) selber auf den Körper der Kapsel (16) ausgeübt werden.
3. Lampe nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei welcher die Kapsel (16) ein einziges Anschlußende aufweist.
4. Lampe nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher innerhalb der äußeren Hülle (14) oberhalb der Spitze (24) der Kapsel (16) ein stoßabsorbierendes Element (36) vorgesehen ist.
5. Lampe nach Anspruch 4, bei welcher das stoßabsorbierende Element (36) von einem leicht geknitterten Teil des Gitters (20) gebildet ist.
6. Lampe nach Anspruch 5, bei welcher die Elemente (22) zur Montage des Gitters Mittel (29) für das Verankern des Gitters am Stiel (18) umfassen.
7. Lampe nach Anspruch 6, bei welcher das Gitter (20) gestrickt ist.
8. Lampe nach Anspruch 1, 5 oder 6, bei welcher an den Stiel (18) zumindest ein Ankerstift (29) montiert ist und das Gitter (20) mittels des Ankerstifts derart fixiert ist, daß ein Teil des Ankerstifts durch eine Öffnung im Gitter hindurchragt.
EP19830109347 1982-09-23 1983-09-20 Glühlampe mit zwei GefäBen Expired EP0104595B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US42231182A 1982-09-23 1982-09-23
US422311 1982-09-23

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0104595A2 EP0104595A2 (de) 1984-04-04
EP0104595A3 EP0104595A3 (en) 1984-11-07
EP0104595B1 true EP0104595B1 (de) 1990-07-04

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19830109347 Expired EP0104595B1 (de) 1982-09-23 1983-09-20 Glühlampe mit zwei GefäBen

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EP (1) EP0104595B1 (de)
CA (1) CA1214194A (de)
DE (1) DE3381705D1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1632984A3 (de) * 2004-09-07 2007-09-05 Osram-Sylvania Inc. Geschütze Metalhalidlampe

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1305995C (en) * 1987-08-28 1992-08-04 William M. Keeffe Double-enveloped lamp having a shield surrounding a light-source capsule within a thick-walled outer envelope

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE432316A (de) * 1938-01-25
NL50256C (de) * 1938-04-02
US3148835A (en) * 1962-02-19 1964-09-15 Jacobsen Products Inc Simulated gaslight and mantle

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1632984A3 (de) * 2004-09-07 2007-09-05 Osram-Sylvania Inc. Geschütze Metalhalidlampe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0104595A2 (de) 1984-04-04
DE3381705D1 (de) 1990-08-09
EP0104595A3 (en) 1984-11-07
CA1214194A (en) 1986-11-18

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