EP0102446A1 - Device for the production of wooden components subjected to bending - Google Patents

Device for the production of wooden components subjected to bending Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0102446A1
EP0102446A1 EP83103271A EP83103271A EP0102446A1 EP 0102446 A1 EP0102446 A1 EP 0102446A1 EP 83103271 A EP83103271 A EP 83103271A EP 83103271 A EP83103271 A EP 83103271A EP 0102446 A1 EP0102446 A1 EP 0102446A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parts
component
force
prestressed
glue
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83103271A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0102446B1 (en
Inventor
Werner Reppel
Claus Overlack
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HOERDENER HOLZWERK GmbH
Original Assignee
Hordener Holzwerk GmbH
Casimir Kast GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hordener Holzwerk GmbH, Casimir Kast GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Hordener Holzwerk GmbH
Priority to AT83103271T priority Critical patent/ATE27978T1/en
Publication of EP0102446A1 publication Critical patent/EP0102446A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0102446B1 publication Critical patent/EP0102446B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/0013—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles
    • B27M3/0026—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally
    • B27M3/0053—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally using glue
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
    • Y10T156/1062—Prior to assembly
    • Y10T156/1066—Cutting to shape joining edge surfaces only

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the production of components made of wood which are subjected to bending in the installed state and which consist of at least two parts which are glued together under pretension.
  • the cross section of the carrier is broken down into, for example, three individual parts and the middle part is pre-bent in the direction opposite to the load and then glued to the two outer parts.
  • an internal moment is generated that is opposite to the moment later arising from the external load, lateral forces arise due to the manufacturing process that act as restoring forces in the composite cross section.
  • These restoring forces are rectified to the later load and therefore increase the shear stresses in the final cross section.
  • the resulting tension in the installed state is reduced in the outer fibers compared to a non-pre-bent cross-section, but reaches a further tension maximum in the interfaces, i.e. the glue areas.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of developing the method of the type mentioned in such a way that the greatest possible utilization of a predetermined cross section is possible from a static point of view.
  • This object is achieved in a component consisting of at least two parts glued to one another in that at least one part is prestressed in a clamping bed with a linear force acting in its longitudinal direction and is glued to the other parts with the force continuing to act.
  • the component is actually and exclusively impressed on forces, as is done similarly in the case of prestressed concrete with the aid of inserted chipboard steels.
  • prestressed concrete the entire cross-section of the component itself is pre-stressed.
  • the torque that can be achieved here is particularly large.
  • the sum of the internal stresses resulting from the prestressing is zero, so that all stress reserves only benefit the load-bearing capacity of the profile.
  • the cross section In addition to increasing the load-bearing capacity, this also increases the dimensional stability, so that the cross section can be used with the same material - more valuable than with the conventional method of operation or - in other words - the cross section can be reduced compared to the conventional method of operation. Since only longitudinal forces are used for pretensioning, the cross-section is free of transverse forces after gluing. As a result, the highest permissible shear stress can be used.
  • one part of the component is prestressed with a tensile force, the other with a compressive force, so that the achievable moment reaches its greatest possible value.
  • the prestressing - in a prestressed bed - can take place in the wood processing company, so that the component can be delivered to the construction site in a prefabricated manner.
  • the component consists of at least three parts, e.g. in the form of a double-T profile, it is provided according to the invention that the tensile preload is entered in one outer part, the compressive preload in the other outer part.
  • the compressive and tensile prestress will generally also be applied symmetrically, but of course an asymmetrical prestress is also possible. This is also useful for asymmetrical cross sections.
  • tensile pretension and the pressure prestressing parts are made of different woods, the selection of which is made according to their strength properties.
  • the prestressing parts and the non-prestressed parts of the component from different woods.
  • the selection can be made according to strength-related aspects in order to achieve the greatest possible load-bearing capacity with the lowest possible cost.
  • the invention proposes a device which is characterized by at least one clamping device acting on the free ends of the part to be preloaded and a glue clamping bed accommodating all parts of the component in parallel position with deliverable pressing surfaces running at least along the outer parts.
  • the parts of the component to be preloaded are placed - if appropriate together with the other parts or in front of them - in the clamping bed and connected at their free ends to the clamping device.
  • glue which can take place outside or in the fitted bed
  • the pressing surfaces are moved against the outer parts of the component until the pressing force required for the gluing is brought into effect.
  • the tensioning device remains in effect.
  • the glue has set, which can be accelerated using the high-frequency method, for example, the pressing surfaces are released and the tensioning device is uncoupled.
  • the component then deforms in accordance with the impressed preloads.
  • a preferred embodiment of the device is characterized by two prestressing devices for applying a tensile and a compressive prestress to different parts of the component lying in the glue-fitted bed. With this device, mutually opposite biases can be entered into the component, which lead to the greatest possible load-bearing capacity.
  • an I-profile 1 is to be prestressed and glued.
  • the bars forming this profile 1 consist of the web 2 and two straps 3 adjoining its longitudinal sides.
  • the device which is known as a pure glue device from DE-OS 30 36 793, initially has a conveyor in the form of a carriage 8 which can be moved on rails 4, 5 by means of rollers 6, 7 and serves as a glue fitted bed.
  • at least one roller 7 is designed as a guide roller, for example with a double flange, in order to guide the carriage 8 with as little play as possible.
  • board rolls can of course also be provided.
  • the carriage 8 has a bottom 9 and mutually opposite side walls 10, 11, between which the bars of the profile 1 are received.
  • the side wall 11 - has a pressing device which is indicated schematically in the drawing by a pressing surface 13 and a directional arrow 14.
  • This pressing device acts from the side on the left belt 3 of the profile 1, while the other side cheek - optionally with the interposition of a wooden board or the like. serves as an abutment for the other belt 3.
  • the device also has a stationary pressing device 15, which consists of a plurality of gallows-shaped carriers 16 arranged one behind the other at a distance, each of which has a vertical pressure cylinder schematically indicated by the direction arrow 17.
  • the pressure cylinders act on one or more pressure pieces 18 on the top of the web 2 and the straps 3, so that they are under the same pressing force.
  • the pressure piece 18 can be designed as a template according to the upper profile contour.
  • the web 2 and the belts 3 are pressed against the base 12 by means of the pressure cylinders 17 and are both directed and aligned with one another.
  • a clamping device 27 (FIG. 2) is arranged, which on the clamping bed, ie on the carriage 8, for. B. is attached to the side walls 10, 11 or on the bottom 9.
  • the tensioning device 27 shown in FIG. 2 is used to enter a tension preload.
  • it has a nail plate 28 or the like which engages the part to be prestressed - here one of the straps 3 of the profile 1.
  • the nail plate 28 is articulated on an arm 29 of an angle lever 30, the other arm 31 of which is loaded by a preloading weight 32.
  • the angle lever 30 is pivotally mounted on a bracket 33.
  • a similar tensioning device 27 is arranged or the belt 3 is only held there.
  • the other belt 3 of the profile is placed under a prestress.
  • the tensioning device 27 shown in FIG. 4, which differs from that according to FIG. 2, is used for this purpose differs only in that the nail plate is replaced by a pressure plate 34.
  • a similar clamping device or just a simple abutment can be arranged.
  • the parts 2, 3 of the profile are placed in the glue clamping bed after gluing in the manner shown in FIG. 1 and the clamping device 27 is connected to the belts 3 by means of the nail plates 28 or via the pressure plates 34 and the load 32 is brought into effect .
  • the " pressing device 15 is activated so that the parts 2, 3 of the profile are aligned in the vertical direction and can no longer deflect.
  • the pressing device 13, 14 is put into operation and the profile 1 is braced laterally, whereby The clamping force is approximately three times the pressing force, after which the pressure cylinders 17 are moved into their initial position, ie the carriage is released by the pressing device 16, so that it can be moved to an HF device shown in FIG.
  • the HF device 19 has two upper electrodes 20 as hot electrodes and two lower electrodes 21 as cold electrodes, between which the profile 1 is moved by means of the carriage 8.
  • the uniform pressure can be ensured in a simple manner in that the electrodes 20 are seated via a joint 25 on a holder 26, which in turn is under the action of a vertically arranged spring. This means that the position of the electrodes 20, 21 can also be adapted to different profile shapes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

In a process for producing wooden building components acted upon by flexural forces in the built-in condition, and made up of at least two members that are bonded together, the load capacity is increased by stressing at least one part of the component in the direction of its length by a linear force and is then bonded to another part of the component while still being acted upon by said force. In a preferred form of the invention at least one part of the component is acted upon by a pulling force and another part is acted upon by a compression force with a pre-stressing effect. The use of the process makes possible the production of bonded wooden structural members free of transverse forces.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von im Einbauzustand auf Biegung beanspruchten Bauelementen aus Holz, die aus wenigstens zwei unter Vorspannung miteinander verleimten Teilen bestehen.The invention relates to a method and a device for the production of components made of wood which are subjected to bending in the installed state and which consist of at least two parts which are glued together under pretension.

Es ist bekannt, die Belastbarkeit von Holzprofilen durch Verformen derselben zu erhöhen. So kann beispielsweise ein Massivprofit, das als Biegeträger Verwendung finden soll, durch Vorbiegen in dem Belastungszustand entgegengesetzter Richtung unter eine gewisse Vorspannung gesetzt werden, die im Belastungszustand erst abgebaut werden muß, bevor die äußere Last zu einer Biegung in umgekehrter Richtung führt.It is known to increase the resilience of wooden profiles by deforming them. For example, a solid profit, which is to be used as a bending beam, can be subjected to a certain preload by pre-bending in the load state in the opposite direction, which must first be reduced in the load state before the external load leads to a bending in the opposite direction.

Dieses Prinzip ist auch schon im Leimbau, der in der Bautechnik zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt, angewendet worden. So sind beispielsweise Brettschichtbinder bekannt, bei denen die einzelnen Lamellen in der der Belastung entgegengesetzten Richtung vorgebogen und dann verleimt werden. Bei diesem Verfahren wird allerdings das Tragverhalten des gesamten Querschn itts kaum verändert, da die Summe der aufgebrachten Vorspannungen in den einzelnen Lamellen über dem Querschnitt gleich ist. Ein solchermaßen hergestellter Träger hat lediglich eine Vorkrümmung (Überhöhung), die eine übermäßige Durchbiegung verhindert.This principle has also been used in glue making, which is becoming increasingly important in construction technology. For example, board laminated binders are known in which the individual lamellae are pre-bent in the direction opposite to the load and then glued. With this method, however, the load-bearing behavior of the entire cross-section is hardly changed, since the sum of the preloads applied in the individual lamellae is the same across the cross-section. A beam manufactured in this way only has a pre-curvature (cant) that prevents excessive deflection.

Bei einem anderen aus dem Leimbau bekannten Verfahren wird der Querschnitt des Trägers in beispielsweise drei Einzelteile aufgegliedert und es wird der mittlere Teil in der der Belastung entgegengesetzten Richtung vorgebogen und anschließend mit den beiden äußeren Teilen verleimt. Hierbei wird zwar ein inneres Moment, das dem später aus der äußeren Last entstehenden Moment entgegengesetzt ist, erzeugt, jedoch entstehen hier aufgrund des Herstellungsverfahrens Querkräfte, die im Verbundquerschnitt als Rückstellkräfte wirksam werden. Diese Rückstellkräfte sind der späteren Belastung gleichgerichtet und erhöhen daher die Schubspannungen im endgültigen Querschnitt. Die resultierende Spannung im Einbauzustand wird zwar in den äußeren Fasern gegenüber einem nicht vorgebogenen Querschnitt abgebaut, erreicht jedoch in den Grenzflächen, also den Leimflächen, ein weiteres Spannungsmaximum.In another method known from glue construction, the cross section of the carrier is broken down into, for example, three individual parts and the middle part is pre-bent in the direction opposite to the load and then glued to the two outer parts. Although an internal moment is generated that is opposite to the moment later arising from the external load, lateral forces arise due to the manufacturing process that act as restoring forces in the composite cross section. These restoring forces are rectified to the later load and therefore increase the shear stresses in the final cross section. The resulting tension in the installed state is reduced in the outer fibers compared to a non-pre-bent cross-section, but reaches a further tension maximum in the interfaces, i.e. the glue areas.

Diese bekannte Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Belastbarkeit von Biegeträgern aus Holz, die im übrigen stets an der Baustelle ausgeführt werden, haben keine nennenswerte praktische Bedeutung erlangt. Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, das Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art derart weiterzubilden, daß eine in statischer Hinsicht größtmögliche Ausnutzung eines vorgegebenen Querschnittes möglich ist.These known methods for increasing the load-bearing capacity of wooden bending beams, which, moreover, are always carried out at the construction site, have not achieved any significant practical importance. The invention is therefore based on the object of developing the method of the type mentioned in such a way that the greatest possible utilization of a predetermined cross section is possible from a static point of view.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Bauelement, das aus wenigstens zwei miteinander verleimten Teilen besteht, dadurch gelöst, daß zumindest ein Teil mit einer in seiner Längsrichtung wirkenden linearen Kraft in einem Spannbett vorgespannt und unter Fortwirken der Kraft mit den weiteren Teilen verleimt wird.This object is achieved in a component consisting of at least two parts glued to one another in that at least one part is prestressed in a clamping bed with a linear force acting in its longitudinal direction and is glued to the other parts with the force continuing to act.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden dem Bauelement tatsächl ich und ausschließlich Kräfte aufgeprägt, wie dies ähnlich bei Spannbeton mit Hilfe eingelegter Spanpstähle geschieht. Im Gegensatz zum Spannbeton wird hier jedoch das Bauteil selbst in seinem ganzen Querschnitt unter Vorspannung gesetzt. Das hierbei erzielbare Moment ist besonders groß. Zugleich ist die Summe der aus der Vorspannung resultierenden inneren Spannungen gleich Null, so daß alle Spannungsreserven ausschließlich der Tragfähigkeit des Profils zugute kommt. Durch die Vorspannung, d.h. durch das eingeprägte Moment, stellt sich nach dem Verleimen eine Verformung ein, die der später zu erwartenden Verformung des Bauelementes entgegengesetzt ist. Damit ist neben der Erhöhung der Tragfähigkeit auch eine Erhöhung der Formstabilität gegeben, so daß der Querschnitt bei gleichem Material - einsatz wertvoller ist als bei der herkömmlichen Arbeitsweise oder - mit anderen Worten - der Querschnitt gegenüber der herkömmlichen Arbeitsweise verringert werden kann. Da zur Vorspannung ausschließlich Längskräfte herangezogen werden, ist der Querschnitt nach dem Verleimen frei von Querkräften. Es kann demzufolge die höchste zulässige Schubspannung ausgenutzt werden. In bevorzugter Ausführung wird das eine Teil des Bauelementes mit einer Zugkraft, das andere mit einer Druckkraft vorgespannt, so daß das erzielbare Moment seinen größtmöglichen Wert erreicht. Das Vorspannen - in einem Spannbett kann - im Holzverarbeitungsbetrieb erfolgen, so daß das Bauelement vorgefertigt an der Baustelle angel iefert werden kann.With the method according to the invention, the component is actually and exclusively impressed on forces, as is done similarly in the case of prestressed concrete with the aid of inserted chipboard steels. In contrast to prestressed concrete, the entire cross-section of the component itself is pre-stressed. The torque that can be achieved here is particularly large. At the same time, the sum of the internal stresses resulting from the prestressing is zero, so that all stress reserves only benefit the load-bearing capacity of the profile. By the bias, i.e. due to the impressed moment, a deformation occurs after gluing, which is opposite to the deformation of the component to be expected later. In addition to increasing the load-bearing capacity, this also increases the dimensional stability, so that the cross section can be used with the same material - more valuable than with the conventional method of operation or - in other words - the cross section can be reduced compared to the conventional method of operation. Since only longitudinal forces are used for pretensioning, the cross-section is free of transverse forces after gluing. As a result, the highest permissible shear stress can be used. In a preferred embodiment, one part of the component is prestressed with a tensile force, the other with a compressive force, so that the achievable moment reaches its greatest possible value. The prestressing - in a prestressed bed - can take place in the wood processing company, so that the component can be delivered to the construction site in a prefabricated manner.

Besteht das Bauelement aus wenigstens drei Teilen, z.B. in Form eines Doppel-T-Profils, so ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß die Zug-Vorspannung in das eine äußere Teil, die Druck-Vorspannung in das andere äußere Teil eingetragen wird.If the component consists of at least three parts, e.g. in the form of a double-T profile, it is provided according to the invention that the tensile preload is entered in one outer part, the compressive preload in the other outer part.

Bei einem solchen symmetrischen Querschnitt wird man im allgemeinen auch die Druck- und die Zug-Vorspannung symmetrisch aufbringen, doch ist selbstverständlich auch eine unsymmetrische Vorspannung möglich. Diese bietet sich im übrigen auch bei unsymmetrischen Querschnitten an.With such a symmetrical cross section, the compressive and tensile prestress will generally also be applied symmetrically, but of course an asymmetrical prestress is also possible. This is also useful for asymmetrical cross sections.

Eine weitere Optimierung ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch möglich, daß die die Zug-Vorspannung und die die Druck-Vorspannung aufnehmenden Teile aus verschiedenen Hölzern hergestellt werden, wobei deren Auswahl entsprechend ihren festigkeitstechnischen Eigenschaften erfolgt.A further optimization is possible according to the invention in that the tensile pretension and the pressure prestressing parts are made of different woods, the selection of which is made according to their strength properties.

Ebenso ist es möglich, die die Vorspannung aufnehmenden Teile und die nicht vorgespannten Teile des Bauelementes aus verschiedenen Hölzern herzustellen. Auch hier kann die Auswahl nach festigkeitstechnischen Gesichtspunkten erfolgen, um größstmögl iche Tragfähigkeit bei geringstem Kosteneinsatz zu erreichen.It is also possible to manufacture the prestressing parts and the non-prestressed parts of the component from different woods. Here, too, the selection can be made according to strength-related aspects in order to achieve the greatest possible load-bearing capacity with the lowest possible cost.

Zur Durchführung des Verfahrens schlägt die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung vor, die sich auszeichnet durch wenigstens eine an den freien Enden des vorzuspannenden Teils angreifende Spanneinrichtung und ein alle Teile des Bauelementes in Parallellage aufnehmendes Leim-Spannbett mit wenigstens längs der äußeren Teile verlaufenden, zustellbaren Preßflächen.To carry out the method, the invention proposes a device which is characterized by at least one clamping device acting on the free ends of the part to be preloaded and a glue clamping bed accommodating all parts of the component in parallel position with deliverable pressing surfaces running at least along the outer parts.

Die vorzuspannenden Teile des Bauelementes werden - gegebenenfalls zusammen mit den weiteren Teilen oder aber vor diesen - in das Spannbett eingelegt und an ihren freien Enden an die Spanneinrichtung angeschlossen. Nach dem Leimauftrag, der außerhalb des Spannbettes oder in diesem erfolgen kann, werden die Preßflächen gegen die äußeren Teile des Bauelementes zugestellt, bis die für die Verleimung erforderliche Preßkraft zur Wirkung gebracht ist. Dabei bleibt die Spanneinrichtung in Wirkung. Nach dem Abbinden des Leims, was beispielsweise im Hochfrequenz-Verfahren beschleunigt werden kann, werden die Preßflächen gelöst und die Spanneinrichtung abgekoppelt. Das Bauelement verformt sich dann entsprechend der aufgeprägten Vorspannungen.The parts of the component to be preloaded are placed - if appropriate together with the other parts or in front of them - in the clamping bed and connected at their free ends to the clamping device. After the application of glue, which can take place outside or in the fitted bed, the pressing surfaces are moved against the outer parts of the component until the pressing force required for the gluing is brought into effect. The tensioning device remains in effect. After the glue has set, which can be accelerated using the high-frequency method, for example, the pressing surfaces are released and the tensioning device is uncoupled. The component then deforms in accordance with the impressed preloads.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung zeichnet sich aus durch zwei Vorspanneinrichtungen zum Aufbringen je einer Zug- und einer Druck-Vorspannung an verschiedenen Teilen des im Leim-Spannbett liegenden Bauelementes. Mit dieser Vorrichtung lassen sich also einander entgegengesetzte Vorspannungen in das Bauelement eintragen, die zu einer größtmöglichen Tragfähigkeit führen.A preferred embodiment of the device is characterized by two prestressing devices for applying a tensile and a compressive prestress to different parts of the component lying in the glue-fitted bed. With this device, mutually opposite biases can be entered into the component, which lead to the greatest possible load-bearing capacity.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung einer in der Zeichnung dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung.Further details and advantages of the invention result from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the device shown in the drawing.

In der Zeichnung zeigen:

  • Figur 1 einen Querschnitt durch die Vorrichtung;
  • Figur 2 eine Seitenansicht hierzu im Bereich eines Endes der Vorrichtung mit einer Spanneinrichtung;
  • Figur 3 einen Querschnitt im Bereich einer HF-Einrichtung;
  • Figur 4 eine der Figur 2 ähnliche Ansicht einer anderen Ausführungsform der Spanneinrichtung.
The drawing shows:
  • Figure 1 shows a cross section through the device;
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of this in the area of one end of the device with a tensioning device;
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section in the area of an HF device;
  • Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 2 of another embodiment of the tensioning device.

Bei dem in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel soll ein I-Profil 1 vorgespannt und verleimt werden. Die dieses Profil 1 bildenden Stäbe bestehen aus dem Steg 2 und zwei an dessen Längsseiten anschl ießenden Gurten 3.In the embodiment shown in the drawing, an I-profile 1 is to be prestressed and glued. The bars forming this profile 1 consist of the web 2 and two straps 3 adjoining its longitudinal sides.

Die Vorrichtung, die als reine Leimvorrichtung aus der DE-OS 30 36 793 bekannt ist, weist zunächst eine Fördereinrichtung in Form eines Wagens 8 auf, der mittels Rollen 6, 7 auf Schienen 4, 5 verfahrbar ist und als Leim-Spannbett dient. Hierbei ist wenigstens eine Rolle 7 als Führungsrolle, beispielsweise mit doppeltem Spurkranz ausgebildet, um den Wagen 8 möglichst spielfrei zu führen. Statt dessen können natürlich auch Bordrollen vorgesehen sein. Der Wagen 8 besitzt einen Boden 9 und einander gegenüberliegende Seitenwangen 10, 11, zwischen denen die Stäbe des Profils 1 aufgenommen werden. Auf dem Boden 9 des Wagens 8 befindet sich eine Unterlage 12 in Form einer der unteren Profi kontur angepaßten Schablone. Eine der Seitenwangen - beim gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel die Seitenwange 11 - weist eine Preßeinrichtung auf, die in der Zeichnung durch eine Preßfläche 13 und einen Richtungspfeil 14 schematisch angedeutet ist. Diese Preßeinrichtung wirkt von der Seite her auf den linken Gurt 3 des Profils 1, während die andere Seitenwange - gegebenenfalls unter Zwischenlage eines Holzbrettes oder dgl . als Widerlager für den anderen Gurt 3 dient.The device, which is known as a pure glue device from DE-OS 30 36 793, initially has a conveyor in the form of a carriage 8 which can be moved on rails 4, 5 by means of rollers 6, 7 and serves as a glue fitted bed. Here, at least one roller 7 is designed as a guide roller, for example with a double flange, in order to guide the carriage 8 with as little play as possible. Instead of this, board rolls can of course also be provided. The carriage 8 has a bottom 9 and mutually opposite side walls 10, 11, between which the bars of the profile 1 are received. On the floor 9 of the car 8 there is a base 12 in the form of a template adapted to the lower professional. One of the side walls - in the exemplary embodiment shown, the side wall 11 - has a pressing device which is indicated schematically in the drawing by a pressing surface 13 and a directional arrow 14. This pressing device acts from the side on the left belt 3 of the profile 1, while the other side cheek - optionally with the interposition of a wooden board or the like. serves as an abutment for the other belt 3.

Die Vorrichtung weist ferner eine ortsfeste Drückeinrichtung 15 auf, die aus mehreren mit Abstand hintereinander angeordneten, galgenförmigen Trägern 16 besteht, an deren Balken je ein mit dem Richtungspfeil 17 schematisch angedeuteter vertikaler Druckzylinder angeordnet ist. Die Druckzylinder wirken über ein oder mehr Druckstücke 18 auf die Oberseite des Stegs 2 und der Gurte 3, so daß diese unter gleicher Andrückkraft stehen. Auch das Druckstück 18 kann als Schablone entsprechend der oberen Profil kontur ausgebildet sein. Innerhalb der Drückeinrichtung 15 werden der Steg 2 und die Gurte 3 mittels der Druckzylinder 17 gegen die Unterlage 12 gepreßt und dabei sowohl gerichtet als auch gegeneinander ausgerichtet.The device also has a stationary pressing device 15, which consists of a plurality of gallows-shaped carriers 16 arranged one behind the other at a distance, each of which has a vertical pressure cylinder schematically indicated by the direction arrow 17. The pressure cylinders act on one or more pressure pieces 18 on the top of the web 2 and the straps 3, so that they are under the same pressing force. The pressure piece 18 can be designed as a template according to the upper profile contour. Within the pressing device 15, the web 2 and the belts 3 are pressed against the base 12 by means of the pressure cylinders 17 and are both directed and aligned with one another.

Am Ende des Wagens 8, vorzugsweise an beiden Enden, ist eine Spanneinrichtung 27 (Figur 2) angeordnet, die an dem Spannbett, also an dem Wagen 8, z. B. an den Seitenwangen 10, 11 oder auch am Boden 9 befestigt ist. Die in Figur 2 dargestellte Spanneinrichtung 27 dient zum Eintragen einer Zug-Vorspannung. Sie weist zu diesem Zweck ein Nagelblech 28 oder dgl. auf, das an dem vorzuspannenden Teil - hier einer der Gurte 3 des Profils 1 - angreift. Das Nagelblech 28 sitzt gelenkig an einem Arm 29 eines Winkelhebels 30, dessen anderer Arm 31 von einem die Vorspannung aufbringenden Gewicht 32 belastet ist. Der Winkelhebel 30 ist an einem Bock 33 schwenkbar gelagert. Am anderen Ende des Wagens 8 ist entweder eine gleichartige Zug-Spanneinrichtung 27 angeordnet oder aber wird der Gurt 3 dort lediglich gehalten.At the end of the carriage 8, preferably at both ends, a clamping device 27 (FIG. 2) is arranged, which on the clamping bed, ie on the carriage 8, for. B. is attached to the side walls 10, 11 or on the bottom 9. The tensioning device 27 shown in FIG. 2 is used to enter a tension preload. For this purpose, it has a nail plate 28 or the like which engages the part to be prestressed - here one of the straps 3 of the profile 1. The nail plate 28 is articulated on an arm 29 of an angle lever 30, the other arm 31 of which is loaded by a preloading weight 32. The angle lever 30 is pivotally mounted on a bracket 33. At the other end of the carriage 8, either a similar tensioning device 27 is arranged or the belt 3 is only held there.

Beim gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel wird der andere Gurt 3 des Profils unter eine Druck-Vorspannung gesetzt. Zu diesem Zweck dient die in Figur 4 gezeigte Spanneinrichtung 27, die sich von der gemäß Figur 2 nur dadurch unterscheidet, daß das Nagelblech durch eine Druckplatte 34 ersetzt ist. Am anderen Ende des Spannbettes kann eine gleichartige Spanneinrichtung oder auch nur ein einfaches Widerlager angeordnet sein.In the embodiment shown, the other belt 3 of the profile is placed under a prestress. The tensioning device 27 shown in FIG. 4, which differs from that according to FIG. 2, is used for this purpose differs only in that the nail plate is replaced by a pressure plate 34. At the other end of the clamping bed, a similar clamping device or just a simple abutment can be arranged.

In beiden Darstellungen gemäß Figur 2 und 4 sind das Leim-Spannbett 8 und die Spanneinrichtung 27 nur schematisch mit den Teilen 35 und 36 angedeutet. Sein Aufbau entspricht jedoch dem der Figur 1. Statt der Spanneinrichtung 27 gemäß zeichnerischer Wiedergabe, können auch Hydraulikzylinder vorgesehen sein, die entweder,drückend oder ziehend an den Gurten 3 des Profils 1 angreifen.In both representations according to FIGS. 2 and 4, the glue clamping bed 8 and the clamping device 27 are only indicated schematically with the parts 35 and 36. However, its structure corresponds to that of FIG. 1. Instead of the tensioning device 27 as shown in the drawing, hydraulic cylinders can also be provided, which either press or pull on the belts 3 of the profile 1.

Die Teile 2, 3 des Profils werden nach dem Beleimen in der in Figur 1 gezeigten Weise in das Leim-Spannbett eingelegt und die Spanneinrichtung 27 mittels der Nagelbleche 28 bzw. über die Druckplatten 34 an die Gurte 3 angeschlossen und die Last 32 zur Wirkung gebracht. Zugleich oder nachher wird die "prückeinrichtung 15 in Tätigkeit gesetzt, so daß die Teile 2, 3 des Profils in vertikaler Richtung ausgerichtet werden und nicht mehr ausweichen können. Danach wird die Preßeinrichtung 13, 14 in Betrieb gesetzt und das Profil 1 seitlich verspannt, wobei die Spannkraft etwa das Dreifache der Drückkraft beträgt. Danach werden die Druckzylinder 17 in ihre Ausgangslage gefahren, der Wagen also von der Drückeinrichtung 16 freigegeben, so daß er zu einer in Figur 3 wiedergegebenen HF-Einrichtung verfahren werden kann.The parts 2, 3 of the profile are placed in the glue clamping bed after gluing in the manner shown in FIG. 1 and the clamping device 27 is connected to the belts 3 by means of the nail plates 28 or via the pressure plates 34 and the load 32 is brought into effect . At the same time or afterwards, the " pressing device 15 is activated so that the parts 2, 3 of the profile are aligned in the vertical direction and can no longer deflect. Then the pressing device 13, 14 is put into operation and the profile 1 is braced laterally, whereby The clamping force is approximately three times the pressing force, after which the pressure cylinders 17 are moved into their initial position, ie the carriage is released by the pressing device 16, so that it can be moved to an HF device shown in FIG.

Die HF-Einrichtung 19 weist zwei obere Elektroden 20 als Heißelektroden und zwei untere Elektroden 21 als Kaltelektroden auf, zwischen denen das Profil 1 mittels des Wagens 8 hindurchbewegt wird. Vorzugsweise stehen die Elektroden in vertikaler und horizontaler Richtung unter einer Federkraft, so daß in Verbindung mit geeigneten Distanzhaltern ein stets gleichbleibender Abstand zur Leimfuge 24 (s. Figur 3) gewährleistet ist. Der gleichmäßige Andruck kann in einfacher Weise dadurch gewährleistet werden, daß die Elektroden 20 über ein Gelenk 25 an einem Halter 26 sitzen, der seinerseits unter Wirkung einer senkrecht angeordneten Feder steht. Damit kann zugleich die Lage der Elektroden 20, 21 an unterschiedliche Profilformen angepaßt werden.The HF device 19 has two upper electrodes 20 as hot electrodes and two lower electrodes 21 as cold electrodes, between which the profile 1 is moved by means of the carriage 8. Preferably stand the electrodes in the vertical and horizontal direction under a spring force, so that a constant distance to the glue joint 24 (see FIG. 3) is ensured in connection with suitable spacers. The uniform pressure can be ensured in a simple manner in that the electrodes 20 are seated via a joint 25 on a holder 26, which in turn is under the action of a vertically arranged spring. This means that the position of the electrodes 20, 21 can also be adapted to different profile shapes.

Claims (7)

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von im Einbauzustand auf Biegung beanspruchten Bauelementen aus Holz, die aus wenigstens zwei unter Vorspannung miteinander verleimten Teilen bestehen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest ein Teil mit einer in seiner Längsrichtung wirkenden linearen Kraft vorgespannt und unter Fortwirken der Kraft mit den weiteren Te ilen verleimt wird.1. A process for the production of wooden components which are subjected to bending in the installed state and which consist of at least two parts glued together under prestress, characterized in that at least one part is prestressed with a linear force acting in its longitudinal direction and with the force continuing to act with the others Parts are glued. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das eine Teil mit einer Zugkraft, das andere mit einer Druckkraft vorgespannt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the one part is biased with a tensile force, the other with a compressive force. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 zur Herstel I ung von Bauel ementen aus wenigstens drei Teilen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zug-Vorspannung in das eine äußere Teil, die Druck-Vorspannung in das andere äußere Teil eingetragen wird.3. The method according to claim 1 for the manufacture of components from at least three parts, characterized in that the tension preload is entered into the one outer part, the pressure preload into the other outer part. 4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die Zug-Vorspannung und die die Druck-Vorspannung aufnehmenden Teile aus verschiedenen Hölzern hergestellt werden.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tension and the tension-receiving parts are made of different woods. 5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die Vorspannung aufnehmenden Teile und die nicht vorgespannten Teile aus verschiedenen Hölzern hergestellt werden.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the prestressing parts and the non-prestressed parts are made of different woods. 6. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, gekennzeichnet durch wenigstens eine an den freien Enden des vorzuspannenden Teils (3) angreifende Spanneinrichtung (27) und ein alle Teile (2, 3) des Bauelementes (1) in Parallellage aufnehmendes Leim-Spannbett (8) mit wenigstens längs des einen äußeren Teils (3) verlaufenden, zustellbaren Preßflächen (13, 14).6. Device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by at least one on the free ends of the part to be prestressed (3) engaging clamping device (27) and all parts (2, 3) of the component (1) in parallel position receiving glue fitted bed (8) with at least along the one outer part (3), adjustable press surfaces (13, 14). 7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6 zu Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 3, gekennzeichnet durch zwei Spanneinrichtungen (27) zum Aufbringen je einer Zug- und einer Druck-Vorspannung an verschiedenen Teilen (3) des im Leim-Spannbett (8) liegenden Bauelementes (1).7. The device according to claim 6 for performing the method according to claim 3, characterized by two clamping devices (27) for applying a tensile and a compressive prestress to different parts (3) of the glue-fitted bed (8) component (1 ).
EP83103271A 1982-05-14 1983-04-02 Device for the production of wooden components subjected to bending Expired EP0102446B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83103271T ATE27978T1 (en) 1982-05-14 1983-04-02 DEVICE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BENDING STRESSED WOOD ELEMENTS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3218134A DE3218134C2 (en) 1982-05-14 1982-05-14 Method and device for manufacturing a beam to be subjected to bending stress from wood
DE3218134 1982-05-14

Publications (2)

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EP0102446A1 true EP0102446A1 (en) 1984-03-14
EP0102446B1 EP0102446B1 (en) 1987-06-24

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US (1) US4500378A (en)
EP (1) EP0102446B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE27978T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1204043A (en)
DE (1) DE3218134C2 (en)
DK (1) DK152686C (en)
FI (1) FI71971C (en)
NO (1) NO831668L (en)

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EP0163781A1 (en) * 1984-05-02 1985-12-11 Groot Lemmer B.V. Method and device for manufacturing a composite prestressed wooden beam

Families Citing this family (4)

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FI74239C (en) * 1985-08-14 1988-01-11 Artlog Oy FOERFARANDE FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV CROEKTA LAMINATYTOR GENOM LIMNING.
US4637194A (en) * 1985-12-10 1987-01-20 James Knowles Wood beam assembly
US4745718A (en) * 1986-05-30 1988-05-24 Trus Joist Corporation Prestressed structural support and method for making same
US6105321A (en) * 1998-10-19 2000-08-22 Karisallen; Kenneth James Prestressed wood composite laminate

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AT369085B (en) * 1981-07-22 1982-12-10 Reiffenstuhl Hans Dipl Ing Dr WOODEN CARRIER WITH REINFORCING TENSION AND PRESSURE

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DE1952920A1 (en) * 1968-10-22 1970-05-06 Werner Zahlmann Process for the production of panels, boards or the like. based on wood
AT369085B (en) * 1981-07-22 1982-12-10 Reiffenstuhl Hans Dipl Ing Dr WOODEN CARRIER WITH REINFORCING TENSION AND PRESSURE

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0163781A1 (en) * 1984-05-02 1985-12-11 Groot Lemmer B.V. Method and device for manufacturing a composite prestressed wooden beam

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI831611L (en) 1983-11-15
DK214883A (en) 1983-11-15
FI71971B (en) 1986-11-28
DK152686C (en) 1988-08-29
EP0102446B1 (en) 1987-06-24
FI71971C (en) 1987-03-09
DE3218134C2 (en) 1985-04-25
DK214883D0 (en) 1983-05-13
DK152686B (en) 1988-04-18
DE3218134A1 (en) 1983-12-15
ATE27978T1 (en) 1987-07-15
CA1204043A (en) 1986-05-06
NO831668L (en) 1983-11-15
US4500378A (en) 1985-02-19
FI831611A0 (en) 1983-05-10

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