EP0100722A1 - Dischargeable recoil compensating charge, and recoilless firearm provided with such a charge - Google Patents

Dischargeable recoil compensating charge, and recoilless firearm provided with such a charge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0100722A1
EP0100722A1 EP83401533A EP83401533A EP0100722A1 EP 0100722 A1 EP0100722 A1 EP 0100722A1 EP 83401533 A EP83401533 A EP 83401533A EP 83401533 A EP83401533 A EP 83401533A EP 0100722 A1 EP0100722 A1 EP 0100722A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reaction mass
tube
container
barrel
barrel tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83401533A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean Deffayet
Etienne Lamarque
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thomson-Brandt SA
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Thomson-Brandt SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson-Brandt SA filed Critical Thomson-Brandt SA
Publication of EP0100722A1 publication Critical patent/EP0100722A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A1/00—Missile propulsion characterised by the use of explosive or combustible propellant charges
    • F41A1/08—Recoilless guns, i.e. guns having propulsion means producing no recoil
    • F41A1/10—Recoilless guns, i.e. guns having propulsion means producing no recoil a counter projectile being used to balance recoil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to projectile launching devices and it relates to an expellable reaction mass and a recoilless firing weapon including such a reaction mass.
  • a recoilless rifle as considered here, essentially comprises: a barrel-tube open at both ends, a central propellant charge and an inert reaction mass which balances the action of the projectile at the start of the shot.
  • Such weapons have been known since the beginning of the century; their basic principle and their application to the launching of artillery projectiles from aircraft are described, in particular, in American patents n ° 108 714 to 1 108 717 (C.DAVIS).
  • C.DAVIS American patents n ° 108 714 to 1 108 717
  • This anti-tank weapon must be able to be used on the ground, but also inside various shelters, such as cellars, living quarters etc ..., without creating a potential danger as much for the shooter himself, as for other personnel likely to be in the immediate vicinity of the weapon, it must also be operational in the presence of an obstacle, such as a wall located a short distance from the rear of the launching tube.
  • the design of the weapon must be such that the sound level, produced at the start of the shot, retains a tolerable value for the shooter.
  • reaction mass consisting essentially of a pulverulent substance of relatively high specific density.
  • an inert expelling reaction mass for a recoilless rifle is constituted by a pulverulent substance, of specific density, which is stored in a rigid cylindrical container, the side wall of which can be cut longitudinally at the start of the shot.
  • This firing weapon can be loaded by a conventional projectile 7, such as a hollow charge perforating shell; this projectile must be positioned at a distance Rp from the reference line O, substantially equal to the distance Rm; for this purpose, the barrel tube is provided with means 8a and 8b for positioning the projectile.
  • the mass of the reaction mass must be as equal as possible to that of the projectile in order to minimize any retreat of the weapon at the start of the shot.
  • the reaction mass is subjected to an accelerating force, it follows that the side wall of the container is subjected to hydrodynamic forces from the granular substance and that arrangements must be made to avoid any radial deformation of the side wall.
  • the projectile leaves the device through the mouth 2 of the barrel tube 1 and the reaction mass 6 is expelled in the reverse direction, according to a law of identical speed to that of the projectile, when passing the set of sharp tools 4, the side wall of the container is cut longitudinally, according to its generatrices, thus the granular substance under the force of the aerodynamic braking forces disperses in the atmosphere rapidly losing speed.
  • FIG. 2 shows, in a longitudinal sectional view, an embodiment of the envelope of the container intended to store the inert granular substance to constitute the reaction mass expellable from the rear of the barrel tube.
  • This cylindrical envelope is open at one of its ends to allow a perfectly determined quantity of the granular substance to be deposited therein; it is of monolithic construction and it comprises a thin side wall 10 and a bottom 11 of small thickness.
  • the external diameter D of the side wall 10 is substantially less than the diameter D of the barrel tube and this side wall has first and second circular bosses 10a and 10b located respectively at its two ends, and possibly one or more complementary circular bosses 10 c located between the two previous bosses.
  • the external diameter D 2 of these different bosses is very slightly less than the diameter D of the barrel tube to ensure free movement of the reaction mass inside the core of the barrel tube.
  • These bosses provide limited and defined ranges on the core of the barrel.
  • the bottom 11 of this envelope must be sufficiently resilient to resist, at the start of the blow, the shock caused by the pressure of the gases supplied by the propellant charge.
  • the length L of the envelope is determined, on the one hand, by the mass of the projectile and on the other hand, by the apparent density of the substance, which is equal to the product of the specific density by the filling efficiency of the selected granular substance.
  • the monolithic building envelope can preferably be made of a light plastic material, such as expanded polyurethane and obtained by molding.
  • FIG. 3 represents, in a longitudinal section view, an embodiment of the reaction charge comprising the envelope described in FIG. 2.
  • the side wall 10 of the envelope is the object of radial forces, hydrodynamic in nature, created by the granular substance subjected to an acceleration force transmitted by the bottom of the envelope, the magnitude of these radial forces being non-uniform, it is advisable to increase accordingly the mechanical resistance to deformation of the lateral wall of the envelope.
  • the part of the side wall located between the first boss 10a and the complementary boss 10c receives a hoop 12 which can be produced by a winding of glass wire reinforced with a polymerizable resin.
  • the bottom 11 of the envelope being located in the barrel, opposite the propellant charge, the bottom of the envelope is provided with a screen 13 whose main function is to provide a thermal insulation from high temperature gases produced by the propellant charge.
  • This heat shield which can be a composite element, is formed by the superposition of a metal disc 13a placed in contact with the bottom 11 of the envelope and of an insulating disc 13b made of a material such as a felt.
  • the metal disc 13a is a thin sheet of metal, such as aluminum, while the insulating disc 13b of greater thickness additionally provides gas-tightness of the propellant charge.
  • This heat shield 13 can be fixed to the bottom 11 of the envelope by gluing and assembled for example by a stud 13c secured to the metal disc.
  • the envelope After filling the envelope with the granular substance 14 partially shown in this figure, the envelope is closed by a cover 15 of small thickness, therefore of low mass, made of a plastic material such as "PVC", and obtained, for example, by thermoforming of a plate of such a material. Finally, this cover 15 is held by internal embedding in the opening of the side wall 10 of the envelope.
  • the filling of the envelope with the granular substance may be only partial and completed by a wedging element 16 to allow precise adjustment of the amount of granular substance introduced into the envelope and by way of consequence of the overall mass of the reaction mass.
  • this wedging element reinforces the tightness of the container, it can be made of a material such as expanded polystyrene.
  • alumunium oxide corundum
  • this material is produced industrially in the form of particles of various sizes
  • experimental tests have shown that particles with an apparent diameter between 500 and 1500 rm made it possible to achieve the desired results, that is to say a depth of the safety zone less than 20 meters for a residual speed of the particles of the order of 1 ms -1 and initial speeds greater than 1 00 ms -1 .
  • FIG. 4 shows, in a partial sectional view, a method of construction and attachment of the set of sharp tools at the end of the barrel-tube.
  • the set of sharp tools consists of a plurality of steel blades with cutting edges, or knives 17, also spaced apart, which are rigidly embedded in a ferrule 18. This ferrule is screwed onto a circular ring 19 secured to the barrel tube 1.
  • the cutting part 17a of the blades projects inside the barrel tube, and is inclined towards the internal wall of the barrel tube at an angle d included between 30 and 60 degrees to increase their efficiency of cutting the envelope of the container.
  • the number of blades must be sufficient to reduce the size of the cut elements and, a number of blades of the order of 6 to 8 appears judicious given the mass-surface ratio of these cut elements, which is favorable to aerodynamic braking in the atmosphere.
  • FIG. 5 represents an overall view, in section, of an embodiment of such a weapon in its firing configuration.
  • the barrel tube 1 which can be made of glass wire wound and reinforced with a polymerizable resin; this barrel tube is equipped with a set of sharp tools 17 which are situated at its rear end 3.
  • the central propellant charge 5 is physically secured to the barrel tube and comprises first means for positioning the projectile 7 and for the reaction mass 6; these positioning means will be described in detail later.
  • the barrel tube comprises second means for positioning the projectile and the reaction mass; these second positioning means will also be described in detail below.
  • the barrel tube is provided, in addition, with a first handle 20 for holding the weapon, this handle is located on the section of the barrel tube in which the projectile 7 is placed, and, with a second handle 21 ; this handle is located at the level of the central propellant charge 5 and carries a trigger 21a intended to trigger a striker of the firing charge of this central propellant charge.
  • These first and second handles 20 and 21 are articulated respectively on connecting collars 22-23 to the barrel tube 1 and are shown in the deployed position.
  • the barrel tube 1 is closed by sealing membranes, respectively 24 and 25, whose function is to complete the watertightness of the weapon; these membranes are easily erased at the start of the blow.
  • the rear section of the barrel tube is lined internally with a cylindrical element 26 which bears on the one hand, on the cover 15 of the envelope 10 of the container and, on the other hand on the periphery of the membrane sealing 25.
  • This cylindrical element made of a low density material, such as expanded polystyrene, is hollowed out in its central part and is sectioned along diametrical planes 26a so as to ensure its free expulsion at the start of the blow, without encountering of mechanical strength on the part of the cutting tools set 17, and not to hinder the expansion of the load.
  • the front section of the barrel tube is lined internally with a toric cylindrical element 27 which rests, on the one hand, on a clearance 7b present at the base of the warhead 7c of the projectile 7 and, on the other part, on the periphery of the sealing membrane 24.
  • the mass of these two cylindrical wedging elements 26-27 is relatively small and that they remain free to slide in the core of the barrel tube as soon as that the waterproofing membranes are eliminated; it follows that these two wedging elements do not significantly disturb the operation of the weapon, but on the other hand the operational safety it is increased in large proportions.
  • the barrel tube is provided at the rear with a telescopic tubular element 28 which can slide on the external wall of this barrel tube. This telescopic element is equipped with a lock 29 which ensures its positioning on the barrel tube.
  • This telescopic element while providing a significant reduction in the sound level, at the start of the stroke, does not constitute an obstacle to the expulsion of the reaction mass cut out by the set of sharp tools 17, since the dispersion of the granular substance stored in the reaction mass is still only slightly initiated during the crossing of this telescopic element.
  • the latter is equipped with an optical sighting member, integral with the barrel tube, which will not be described and shown since this member may be constituted by conventional elements and is not part of the invention. It can also be noted that in the embodiment of Figure 5, the set of cutting tools 17 is mounted on a ferrule 30 which is integrated into the barrel tube.
  • FIG 6 shows an overview of the firing weapon in transport configuration.
  • the two handles 20 and 21 for holding the weapon are folded against the barrel tube 1 and receive a protective cover 31 which is held in place by a set of straps 32 and 33 which, after unhooking, allow these handles to be uncapped.
  • the telescopic element 28 is fitted onto the barrel tube and its locking device 29 cooperates with an annular notch formed in a circular boss 34 located on the external wall of the barrel tube.
  • the two ends of the barrel tube are provided with a protective cover for the sealing membranes 24 and 25 described above; these protective covers 35 and 36 are fitted with a locking member, respectively 35a and 36a, on the barrel tube; these two covers are eliminated during deployment of the weapon in the firing configuration.
  • the weapon can be equipped with a handle and / or a carrying strap 48 comprising an adjustment loop 49.
  • Figure 7 shows a partial view in longitudinal section of the central section of the weapon and more particularly an embodiment of the first and second means of positioning, inside the barrel, the reaction mass 6 and the projectile 7.
  • the propellant charge 5 comprises a fire tube 37 which is made integral with the barrel tube and perfectly positioned by circular elements 38 and 39 which are screwed into the collar 23. Inside this fire tube 37 is placed the load priming 40 and the striker 41 of the primer. Outside this tube of fire are disposed charges of powder 5a intended to propel the projectile and the reaction mass. On either side of the fire tube 40 are disposed a first means of positioning 42 of the reaction mass 6 and a first means of positioning 43 of the projectile 7.
  • These positioning means are constituted by circular elements located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the barrel tube; on these elements come to bear, on the one hand, the bottom 11 of the envelope 10 of the reaction mass and, on the other hand, the base 7c of the projectile.
  • the second means for positioning the reaction mass 6 is provided by a set of tongues 44 on which the cover 15 of the envelope 10 comes to bear which also makes it possible to strengthen the holding of this cover which is mounted by simple fitting as described previously.
  • the tongues of this second positioning means are easily erasable at the start of the blow thanks to notches 45 provided for this purpose.
  • the second means for positioning the projectile 7 is provided by a plug-in element 46 in the base 7a of the projectile which is provided for this purpose with a receiving element 47.
  • the plug-in element 46 comprises a plate 46a which also reinforces the action of the first positioning means 42 of the reaction mass 6.
  • the invention is not limited in its characteristics to the embodiment described here by way of illustration but in no way is limitative.
  • the nature of the materials of construction of the reaction mass can be modified, in particular, one can substitute for aluminum oxide, a material containing silica and any other material of equivalent physical characteristics.
  • the construction method of the set of cutting tools can be modified, both by the number of blades and by the exact shape of their cutting part, the second means of positioning the reaction mass can be constituted by mechanical elements that can be erased at the start. therefore.
  • the invention is not limited to a configuration of the weapon in which the weights of the projectile and of the reaction mass are equal; only the equality of the quantities of movement must be satisfied, however the equality of the weights allows a just compromise between the total weight of the weapon and the length of the barrel which determine the operational use of the weapon.
  • the invention is also not limited in its application to an individual anti-tank weapon provided with a penetrating projectile, it can be used for launching a missile comprising a propellant with delayed ignition, it can also find its application for the launching of illuminating or other projectiles.
  • This weapon of simple and industrial construction, not requiring the use of components of a significant cost makes it possible to have a consumable weapon which can be abandoned after the shooting of the projectile.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

The recoilless firearm comprises a barrel tube (1) open at its two ends (2, 3) and a central propellent charge (5) arranged between a projectile (7) and an inert reaction mass (6) dischargeable to the rear. This reaction mass consists of a granular substance stored in a rigid container, the side wall of which can be cut open at the start of the shot by a set of cutting tools (4) arranged at the rear (3) of the barrel tube. This firearm is an individual antitank firearm capable of launching high-calibre and high-mass armour-piercing projectiles. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention se rapporte aux dispositifs de lancement des projectiles et elle concerne une masse de réaction expulsable et une arme de tir sans recul incluant une telle masse de réaction.The present invention relates to projectile launching devices and it relates to an expellable reaction mass and a recoilless firing weapon including such a reaction mass.

Une arme de tir sans recul, comme considérée ici, comprend essentiellement : un tube-canon ouvert à ses deux extrémités, une charge propulsive centrale et une masse de réaction inerte qui équilibre l'action du projectile au départ du coup. De telles armes sont connues depuis le début du siècle ; leur principe de base et leur application au lancement de projectiles d'artillerie à partir d'aéronefs sont décrits, notamment, dans les brevets américains n° 108 714 à 1 108 717 (C.DAVIS). D'un autre côté, il est fortement souhaitable que les fantassins puissent disposer d'une arme individuelle antichar permettant de lancer des projectiles de fort calibre capable de perforer les blindages classiques ainsi que les nouveaux blindages en cours de développement. Cette arme antichar doit pouvoir être utilisée sur le terrain, mais aussi à l'intérieur d'abris divers, tels que caves, locaux d'habitation etc..., sans créer de danger potentiel tant pour le tireur lui-même, que pour les autres personnels susceptibles de se trouver dans le voisinage immédiat de l'arme, elle doit également être opérationnelle en présence d'un obstacle, tel qu'un mur situé à courte distance de l'arrière du tube de lancement. De plus, la conception de l'arme doit être telle que le niveau sonore, produit au départ du coup, conserve une valeur tolérable pour le tireur.A recoilless rifle, as considered here, essentially comprises: a barrel-tube open at both ends, a central propellant charge and an inert reaction mass which balances the action of the projectile at the start of the shot. Such weapons have been known since the beginning of the century; their basic principle and their application to the launching of artillery projectiles from aircraft are described, in particular, in American patents n ° 108 714 to 1 108 717 (C.DAVIS). On the other hand, it is highly desirable that the infantrymen be able to have an individual anti-tank weapon making it possible to launch high-caliber projectiles capable of perforating conventional armor as well as the new armor under development. This anti-tank weapon must be able to be used on the ground, but also inside various shelters, such as cellars, living quarters etc ..., without creating a potential danger as much for the shooter himself, as for other personnel likely to be in the immediate vicinity of the weapon, it must also be operational in the presence of an obstacle, such as a wall located a short distance from the rear of the launching tube. In addition, the design of the weapon must be such that the sound level, produced at the start of the shot, retains a tolerable value for the shooter.

Il a déjà été proposé des armes légères individuelles antichar qui mettent en oeuvre le principe d'une masse de réaction inerte expulsée par l'arrière du tube pour contrebalancer le mouvement du projectile propulsé par les gaz de combustion de la charge propulsive. Dans ces armes de l'art antérieur, la masse de réaction est généralement fragmentée ou, d'une façon différente, réalisée en un matériau fragmentable au départ du coup, par exemple, en mettant en oeuvre un verre précontraint qui se pulvérise sous l'effet d'un choc, les fragments résultants se dispersent alors dans l'atmosphère et perdent de leur vitesse.Individual anti-tank light weapons have already been proposed which implement the principle of an inert reaction mass expelled from the rear of the tube to counterbalance the movement of the projectile propelled by the combustion gases of the propellant charge. In these weapons of the prior art, the reaction mass is generally fragmented or, in a different way, made of a fragmentable material from the start, for example, by using a prestressed glass which is sprayed under the effect of a shock, the resulting fragments then disperse in the atmosphere and lose their speed.

Lorsque l'on désire accroître la puissance destructive de l'arme, on est conduit à augmenter le calibre et la masse du projectile cependant, d'un point de vue opérationnel, on désire conserver à la zone de sécurité des personnels des dimensions similaires à celles des zones de sécurité des armes moins performantes, il s'avère donc nécessaire, compte tenu du fait que la masse de la masse de réaction doit être égale à celle du projectile, de concevoir une nouvelle arme dans laquelle l'énergie de la masse de réaction se dissipe rapidement sur une courte distance.When one wishes to increase the destructive power of the weapon, one is led to increase the caliber and the mass of the projectile however, from an operational point of view, one wishes to keep in the personnel security zone dimensions similar to those of the less efficient weapons security zones, it therefore becomes necessary, taking into account that the mass of the reaction mass must be equal to that of the projectile, to design a new weapon in which the energy of the mass reaction dissipates quickly over a short distance.

Pour résoudre le problème posé par la réalisation d'une arme individuelle antichar permettant de tirer des projectiles de fort calibre, supérieur par exemple à 120 mm et ayant alors une masse de l'ordre de 3 Kg et plus, il est proposé de réaliser une masse de réaction constituée essentiellement par une substance pulvérulente de densité spécifique relativement élevée.To solve the problem posed by the production of an individual anti-tank weapon making it possible to fire projectiles of high caliber, greater for example than 120 mm and then having a mass of the order of 3 Kg and more, it is proposed to produce a reaction mass consisting essentially of a pulverulent substance of relatively high specific density.

Selon l'invention une masse de réaction inerte expulsable pour une arme de tir sans recul est constituée par une substance pulvérulente, de densité spécifique déterminée, qui est emmagasiné dans un conteneur cylindrique rigide, la paroi latérale duquel est découpable longitudinalement au départ du coup.According to the invention an inert expelling reaction mass for a recoilless rifle is constituted by a pulverulent substance, of specific density, which is stored in a rigid cylindrical container, the side wall of which can be cut longitudinally at the start of the shot.

Une arme de tir sans recul incluant une masse de réaction selon l'invention et comprenant un tube de lancement ouvert à ses deux extrémités, est munie à son extrémité arrière d'un jeu d'outils tranchants qui se projettent à l'intérieur du tube de lancement pour découper longitudinalement la paroi latérale du conteneur lors de l'expulsion de la masse de réaction, au départ du coup.A recoilless rifle including a reaction mass according to the invention and comprising a launch tube open at its two ends, is provided at its rear end with a set of sharp tools which are projected inside the tube of launching to cut the side wall of the container longitudinally during the expulsion of the reaction mass, at the start of the stroke.

Industriellement, on dispose d'un choix de substances pulvérulentes qui présentent des caractéristiques variées, notamment des densités et des dimensions diverses des particules. Parmi les substances pulvérulentes disponibles, le choix peut se porter sur une substance telle que l'oxyde d'aluminium (corindon) qui présente les propriétés suivantes : densité apparente relativement élevée, choix étendu du calibre des particules, coefficient d'expansion thermique faible ; de plus, l'oxyde d'aluminium est insensible aux agents corrosifs présents dans l'atmosphère et son coùt de production reste faible. Ces caractéristiques permettent une construction simple et d'un coût relativement faible de masses de réaction peu sensibles au vieillissement et aux conditions d'environnement.Industrially, we have a choice of pulverized substances rulentes which have various characteristics, in particular densities and various dimensions of the particles. Among the pulverulent substances available, the choice can be made for a substance such as aluminum oxide (corundum) which has the following properties: relatively high apparent density, wide choice of particle size, low coefficient of thermal expansion; moreover, aluminum oxide is insensitive to corrosive agents present in the atmosphere and its production cost remains low. These characteristics allow simple construction and relatively low cost of reaction masses which are not very sensitive to aging and to environmental conditions.

D'autres caractéristiques apparaitront dans la description détaillée de l'invention, faite en regard de dessins annexés ; sur ces dessins :

  • - la figure 1 est une représentation schématique, suivant une vue en coupe longitudinale, d'une arme de tir sans recul conforme à l'invention.
  • - la figure 2 représente, suivant une vue en coupe longitudinale, un mode de réalisation de l'enveloppe du conteneur de la masse de réaction.
  • - la figure 3 représente, suivant une vue en coupe longitudinale, un mode de construction de la masse de réaction.
  • - la figure 4 représente, suivant une vue en coupe partielle, un mode de réalisation du jeu d'outils tranchants disposé à l'arrière du tube-canon de l'arme.
  • - la figure 5 représente, suivant une vue en coupe longitudinale, une arme de tir, conforme à l'invention, dans sa configuration de tir.
  • - la figure 6 représente, suivant une vue en coupe longitudinale, une arme de tir, conforme à l'invention, dans sa configuration de transport.
  • - la figure 7 représente, selon une vue en coupe longitudinale un mode de réalisation des moyens de positionnement des éléments à l'intérieur du tube-canon.
Other characteristics will appear in the detailed description of the invention, made with reference to the accompanying drawings; on these drawings:
  • - Figure 1 is a schematic representation, in a longitudinal sectional view, of a recoilless firing weapon according to the invention.
  • - Figure 2 shows, in a longitudinal sectional view, an embodiment of the envelope of the reaction mass container.
  • - Figure 3 shows, in a longitudinal sectional view, a mode of construction of the reaction mass.
  • - Figure 4 shows, in a partial sectional view, an embodiment of the set of sharp tools disposed at the rear of the barrel of the weapon.
  • - Figure 5 shows, in a longitudinal sectional view, a shooting weapon, according to the invention, in its shooting configuration.
  • - Figure 6 shows, in a longitudinal sectional view, a shooting weapon, according to the invention, in its transport configuration.
  • - Figure 7 shows, in a longitudinal sectional view an embodiment of the means for positioning the elements inside the barrel tube.

La figure 1 est une représentation schématique, suivant une vue en coupe longitudinale, d'une arme de tir sans recul, selon l'invention. Cette arme de tir comprend essentiellement les éléments suivants :

  • - un tube de lancement rigide, ou tube-canon 1, de longueur LT et de diamètre interne D égal au calibre du projectile considéré ; ce tube est ouvert à ses deux extrémités : son extrémité avant, ou bouche 2, et son extrémité arrière 3 ; cette extrémité arrière est munie d'un jeu d'outils tranchants 4, dont la partie tranchante se projette à l'intérieur du tube-canon.
  • - une charge propulsive 5 située dans la partie centrale du tube-canon, cette charge comprenant divers organes de mise à feu non représentés.
  • - une masse de réaction inerte 6, située en regard-de l'ouverture arrière 3 du tube-canon et positionnée à une distance Rm d'une droite de référence O qui indique sensiblement la demi- longueur LT du tube-canon ; à cet effet le tube-canon est muni de moyens de positionnement 9a et 9b de la masse de réaction, lesquels moyens 9b sont effaçables au départ du coup. Cette masse de réaction est constituée par une substance granulaire composée de particules de densité spécifique déterminée, cette substance est emmagasinée dans un conteneur cylindrique rigide et étanche aux particules de la substance ; la paroi latérale de ce conteneur est découpable longitudinalement, au départ du coup, par le jeu d'outils tranchants 4 ; cette masse de réaction doit pouvoir coulisser librement, avec une faible friction, à l'intérieur du tube lors de son expulsion sous l'action de la charge propulsive 5.
Figure 1 is a schematic representation, in a longitudinal sectional view, of a recoilless firing weapon, according to the invention. This shooting weapon essentially comprises the following elements:
  • - a rigid launching tube, or barrel tube 1, of length L T and internal diameter D equal to the caliber of the projectile considered; this tube is open at its two ends: its front end, or mouth 2, and its rear end 3; this rear end is provided with a set of cutting tools 4, the cutting part of which projects inside the barrel tube.
  • - A propellant charge 5 located in the central part of the barrel tube, this charge comprising various firing members not shown.
  • - An inert reaction mass 6, located opposite the rear opening 3 of the barrel tube and positioned at a distance Rm from a reference line O which substantially indicates the half-length L T of the barrel tube; for this purpose the barrel tube is provided with means 9a and 9b for positioning the reaction mass, which means 9b can be erased at the start of the blow. This reaction mass is constituted by a granular substance composed of particles of specific density, this substance is stored in a rigid cylindrical container and impermeable to the particles of the substance; the side wall of this container can be cut longitudinally, at the start of the stroke, by the set of sharp tools 4; this reaction mass must be able to slide freely, with low friction, inside the tube during its expulsion under the action of the propellant charge 5.

Cette arme de tir peut être chargée par un projectile 7 classique, tel qu'un obus perforant à charge creuse ; ce projectile doit être positionné à une distance Rp, de la droite de référence O, sensiblement égale à la distance Rm ; à cet effet, le tube-canon est muni de moyens de positionnement 8a et 8b du projectile. Dans cette configuration de l'arme, la masse de la masse de réaction doit être aussi égale que possible à celle du projectile afin de minimiser tout recul de l'arme au départ du coup. Au cours de son trajet d'expulsion dans le tube-canon, la masse de réaction est l'objet d'une force d'accélération, il en résulte que la paroi latérale du conteneur est soumise à des forces hydrodynamiques de la part de la substance granulaire et que des dispositions doivent être prises, pour éviter toute déformation radiale de la paroi latérale. A l'instant de tir, correspondant à la mise à feu de la charge propulsive 5, le projectile quitte le dispositif par la bouche 2 du tube-canon 1 et la masse de réaction 6 est expulsée dans la direction inverse, suivant une loi de vitesse identique à celle du projectile, au passage du jeu d'outils tranchants 4, la paroi latérale du conteneur se trouve découpée longitudinalement, selon ses génératrices, ainsi la substance granulaire sous l'effort des forces aérodynamiques de freinage se disperse dans l'atmosphère en perdant rapidement de sa vitesse.This firing weapon can be loaded by a conventional projectile 7, such as a hollow charge perforating shell; this projectile must be positioned at a distance Rp from the reference line O, substantially equal to the distance Rm; for this purpose, the barrel tube is provided with means 8a and 8b for positioning the projectile. In this configuration of the weapon, the mass of the reaction mass must be as equal as possible to that of the projectile in order to minimize any retreat of the weapon at the start of the shot. During its expulsion path in the barrel, the reaction mass is subjected to an accelerating force, it follows that the side wall of the container is subjected to hydrodynamic forces from the granular substance and that arrangements must be made to avoid any radial deformation of the side wall. At the instant of firing, corresponding to the firing of the propellant charge 5, the projectile leaves the device through the mouth 2 of the barrel tube 1 and the reaction mass 6 is expelled in the reverse direction, according to a law of identical speed to that of the projectile, when passing the set of sharp tools 4, the side wall of the container is cut longitudinally, according to its generatrices, thus the granular substance under the force of the aerodynamic braking forces disperses in the atmosphere rapidly losing speed.

La figure 2 représente, suivant une vue en coupe longitudinale, un mode de réalisation de l'enveloppe du conteneur destiné à emmagasiner la substance granulaire inerte pour constituer la masse de réaction expulsable par l'arrière du tube-canon. Cette enveloppe de forme cylindrique est ouverte à l'une de ses extrémités pour permettre d'y déposer une quantité parfaitement déterminée de la substance granulaire ; elle est de construction monolithique et elle comprend une paroi latérale mince 10 et un fond 11 de faible épaisseur. Le diamètre externe D de la paroi latérale 10 est sensiblement inférieur au diamètre D du tube-canon et cette paroi latérale comporte un premier et un second bossages circulaires 10a et 10b situés respectivement à ses deux extrémités, et, éventuellement un ou plusieurs bossages circulaires complémentaires 10 c situés entre les deux bossages précédents. Le diamètre externe D 2 de ces différents bossages est très légèrement inférieur au diamètre D du tube-canon pour assurer un libre déplacement de la masse de réaction à l'intérieur de l'âme du tube-canon. Ces bossages fournissent des portées limitées et définies sur l'âme du tube-canon. Le fond 11 de cette enveloppe doit être suffisamment résilient pour résister, au départ du coup, au choc provoqué par la pression des gaz fournis par la charge propulsive. La longueur L de l'enveloppe est déterminée, d'une part, par la masse du projectile et d'autre part, par la densité apparente de la substance, laquelle est égale au produit de la densité spécifique par le coefficent de remplissage de la substance granulaire choisie. L'enveloppe de construction monolithique peut être préférentiellement réalisée en un matériau plastique léger, tel que le polyurethane expansé et obtenue par moulage.2 shows, in a longitudinal sectional view, an embodiment of the envelope of the container intended to store the inert granular substance to constitute the reaction mass expellable from the rear of the barrel tube. This cylindrical envelope is open at one of its ends to allow a perfectly determined quantity of the granular substance to be deposited therein; it is of monolithic construction and it comprises a thin side wall 10 and a bottom 11 of small thickness. The external diameter D of the side wall 10 is substantially less than the diameter D of the barrel tube and this side wall has first and second circular bosses 10a and 10b located respectively at its two ends, and possibly one or more complementary circular bosses 10 c located between the two previous bosses. The external diameter D 2 of these different bosses is very slightly less than the diameter D of the barrel tube to ensure free movement of the reaction mass inside the core of the barrel tube. These bosses provide limited and defined ranges on the core of the barrel. The bottom 11 of this envelope must be sufficiently resilient to resist, at the start of the blow, the shock caused by the pressure of the gases supplied by the propellant charge. The length L of the envelope is determined, on the one hand, by the mass of the projectile and on the other hand, by the apparent density of the substance, which is equal to the product of the specific density by the filling efficiency of the selected granular substance. The monolithic building envelope can preferably be made of a light plastic material, such as expanded polyurethane and obtained by molding.

La figure 3 représente, suivant une vue en coupe longitudinale un mode de réalisation de la charge de réaction comprenant l'enveloppe décrite à la figure 2. Il faut rappeler, qu'au départ du coup, la paroi latérale 10 de l'enveloppe est l'objet de forces radiales, de nature hydrodynamique, créées par la substance granulaire soumise à une force d'accélération transmise par le fond de l'enveloppe, la grandeur de ces forces radiales étant non uniforme, il est judicieux d'accroître en conséquence la résistance mécanique à la déformation de la paroi latérale de l'enveloppe. A cet effet, la partie de la paroi latérale située entre le premier bossage 10a et le bossage complémentaire 10c reçoit un frettage 12 qui peut être réalisé par un bobinage en fil de verre renforcé par une résine polymérisable. D'un autre côté, le fond 11 de l'enveloppe étant situé, dans le tube-canon, en regard de la charge propulsive, le fond de l'enveloppe est muni d'un écran 13 dont la fonction principale est de fournir un isolement thermique aux gaz à haute température produits par la charge propulsive. Cet écran thermique, qui peut être un élément composite, est formé par la superposition d'un disque métallique 13a placé au contact du fond 11 de l'enveloppe et d'un disque isolant 13b réalisé en un matériau tel qu'un feutre. Le disque métallique 13a est une mince de feuille de métal, tel que l'aluminium, tandis que le disque isolant 13b de plus forte épaisseur assure complémentairement une étanchéité aux gaz de la charge propulsive. Cet écran thermique 13 peut être fixé sur le fond 11 de l'enveloppe par collage et assemblé par exemple par un téton 13c solidaire du disque métallique. Après remplissage de l'enveloppe par la substance granulaire 14 représentée partiellement sur cette figure, l'enveloppe est close par un couvercle 15 de faible épaisseur, donc de faible masse, réalisé en un matériau plastique tel que le "PVC", et obtenu, par exemple, par thermo-formage d'une plaque d'un tel matériau. Enfin, ce couvercle 15 est maintenu par encastrement interne dans l'ouverture de la paroi latérale 10 de l'enveloppe. Selon une variante de réalisation, le remplissage de l'enveloppe par la substance granulaire peut n'être que partiel et complété par un élément de calage 16 pour permettre un ajustement précis de la quantité de substance granulaire introduit dans l'enveloppe et par voie de conséquence de la masse globale de la masse de réaction. Complémentairement, cet élément de calage renforce l'étanchéité du conteneur, il peut être réalisé en un matériau tel que le polystyrène expansé.FIG. 3 represents, in a longitudinal section view, an embodiment of the reaction charge comprising the envelope described in FIG. 2. It should be remembered that, at the start of the blow, the side wall 10 of the envelope is the object of radial forces, hydrodynamic in nature, created by the granular substance subjected to an acceleration force transmitted by the bottom of the envelope, the magnitude of these radial forces being non-uniform, it is advisable to increase accordingly the mechanical resistance to deformation of the lateral wall of the envelope. To this end, the part of the side wall located between the first boss 10a and the complementary boss 10c receives a hoop 12 which can be produced by a winding of glass wire reinforced with a polymerizable resin. On the other hand, the bottom 11 of the envelope being located in the barrel, opposite the propellant charge, the bottom of the envelope is provided with a screen 13 whose main function is to provide a thermal insulation from high temperature gases produced by the propellant charge. This heat shield, which can be a composite element, is formed by the superposition of a metal disc 13a placed in contact with the bottom 11 of the envelope and of an insulating disc 13b made of a material such as a felt. The metal disc 13a is a thin sheet of metal, such as aluminum, while the insulating disc 13b of greater thickness additionally provides gas-tightness of the propellant charge. This heat shield 13 can be fixed to the bottom 11 of the envelope by gluing and assembled for example by a stud 13c secured to the metal disc. After filling the envelope with the granular substance 14 partially shown in this figure, the envelope is closed by a cover 15 of small thickness, therefore of low mass, made of a plastic material such as "PVC", and obtained, for example, by thermoforming of a plate of such a material. Finally, this cover 15 is held by internal embedding in the opening of the side wall 10 of the envelope. According to an alternative embodiment, the filling of the envelope with the granular substance may be only partial and completed by a wedging element 16 to allow precise adjustment of the amount of granular substance introduced into the envelope and by way of consequence of the overall mass of the reaction mass. In addition, this wedging element reinforces the tightness of the container, it can be made of a material such as expanded polystyrene.

Le choix de la substance qui constitue la masse de réaction est conditionné, d'une part, par la vitesse initiale de lancement du projectile et d'autre part, par la vitesse résiduelle de la substance à la limite de la zone de sécurité opérationnelle de 1 'arme, située en arrière de celle-ci. En effet, on a les relations suivantes :

Figure imgb0001

  • où M est la masse de chaque particule élémentaire en Kg
  • Cx le coefficient aérodynamique des particules
  • S le maitre-couple des particules en M2
  • et V la vitesse propre des particules en ms-1
The choice of the substance which constitutes the reaction mass is conditioned, on the one hand, by the initial speed of launching of the projectile and on the other hand, by the residual speed of the substance at the limit of the operational safety zone of 1 weapon, located behind it. Indeed, we have the following relationships:
Figure imgb0001
  • where M is the mass of each elementary particle in Kg
  • Cx the aerodynamic coefficient of the particles
  • S the master couple of particles in M 2
  • and V the natural velocity of the particles in ms -1

Bien que les grandeurs Cx et S peuvent varier pendant le trajet de freinage, en première approximation

Figure imgb0002
après intégration
Figure imgb0003
Figure imgb0004
où V est la vitesse initiale des particules et X la distance traversée par les particules .Although the quantities Cx and S may vary during the braking path, as a first approximation
Figure imgb0002
 after integration
Figure imgb0003
Figure imgb0004
 where V is the initial velocity of the particles and X the distance traversed by the particles.

Il en résulte que l'on doit utiliser des particules qui satisfont à la relation :

Figure imgb0005
où Xs est la distance de sécurité, Vr la vitesse résiduelle maximale tolérable des particules à cette distance Xs, et M = vρ, avec v le volume des particules et J la densité spécifique des particules.As a result, particles must be used which satisfy the relation:
Figure imgb0005
 where Xs is the safety distance, Vr the maximum tolerable residual speed of the particles at this distance Xs, and M = vρ, with v the volume of the particles and J the specific density of the particles.

On voit l'intérêt d'utiliser une substance de faible densité spécifique. D'un autre côté on a intérêt à choisir une substance de densité élevée dans le but de réduire la longueur du conteneur. En conclusion le choix de la substance doit résulter d'un compromis entre ces deux conditions antagonistes. D'autres caractéristiques secondaires peuvent être prises en considération dans le choix final de la substance : le coefficient d'expansion thermique, le coefficient de remplissage des particules, la sensibilité à l'environnement et au stockage prolongé, le coùt d'approvisionnement etc... Parmi les différentes substances granulaires disponibles, l'oxyde d'alumunium (corindon) peut être un choix judicieux, ce matériau est produit industriellement sous forme de particules de diverses tailles, des essais expérimentaux ont montré que des particules d'un diamètre apparant compris entre 500 et 1500 r m permettait d'atteindre les résultats recherchés, c'est à dire une profondeur de la zone de sécurité inférieure à 20 mètres pour une vitesse résiduelle des particules de l'ordre de 1ms-1 et des vitesses initiales supérieures à 100 ms-1.We see the advantage of using a substance of low specific density. On the other hand, it is advantageous to choose a substance of high density in order to reduce the length of the container. In conclusion, the choice of substance must result from a compromise between these two antagonistic conditions. Other secondary characteristics can be taken into account in the final choice of the substance: the coefficient of thermal expansion, the coefficient of filling of the particles, the sensitivity to the environment and to prolonged storage, the cost of supply, etc. .. Among the different granular substances available, alumunium oxide (corundum) can be a judicious choice, this material is produced industrially in the form of particles of various sizes, experimental tests have shown that particles with an apparent diameter between 500 and 1500 rm made it possible to achieve the desired results, that is to say a depth of the safety zone less than 20 meters for a residual speed of the particles of the order of 1 ms -1 and initial speeds greater than 1 00 ms -1 .

La figure 4 représente, suivant une vue en coupe partielle, un mode de construction et de fixation du jeu d'outils tranchants à l'extrémité du tube-canon. Le jeu d'outils tranchants est constitué d'une pluralité de lames d'acier à bord coupant, ou couteaux 17, également espacés, qui sont encastrés rigidement dans une virole 18. Cette virole est vissée sur un anneau circulaire 19 solidaire du tube-canon 1. La partie coupante 17a des lames fait saillie à l'intérieur du tube-canon, et est inclinée vers la paroi interne du tube-canon d'un angle d compris entre 30 et 60 degrés afin d'accroître leur efficacité de découpage de l'enveloppe du conteneur. Le nombre de lames doit être suffisant pour réduire la taille des éléments découpés et, un nombre de lames de l'ordre de 6 à 8 apparaît judicieux étant donné le rapport masse-surface de ces éléments découpés, lequel est favorable à un freinage aérodynamique dans l'atmosphère.Figure 4 shows, in a partial sectional view, a method of construction and attachment of the set of sharp tools at the end of the barrel-tube. The set of sharp tools consists of a plurality of steel blades with cutting edges, or knives 17, also spaced apart, which are rigidly embedded in a ferrule 18. This ferrule is screwed onto a circular ring 19 secured to the barrel tube 1. The cutting part 17a of the blades projects inside the barrel tube, and is inclined towards the internal wall of the barrel tube at an angle d included between 30 and 60 degrees to increase their efficiency of cutting the envelope of the container. The number of blades must be sufficient to reduce the size of the cut elements and, a number of blades of the order of 6 to 8 appears judicious given the mass-surface ratio of these cut elements, which is favorable to aerodynamic braking in the atmosphere.

Dans ce qui suit, on décrira une arme de tir individuelle antichar incluant une masse de réaction inerte et expulsable par l'arrière conformément à l'invention. La figure 5 représente une vue d'ensemble, en coupe, d'un mode de réalisation d'une telle arme dans sa configuration de tir. Sur cette Figure 5, on retrouve le tube-canon 1, lequel peut être réalisé en fil de verre bobiné et renforcé par une résine polymérisable ; ce tube-canon est équipé d'un jeu d'outils tranchants 17 qui sont situés au niveau de son extrémité arrière 3. La charge propulsive centrale 5 est physiquement solidaire du tube-canon et comporte des premiers moyens de positionnement du projectile 7 et de la masse de réaction 6 ; ces moyens de positionnement seront décrits en détail ultérieurement. Le tube-canon comporte des seconds moyens de positionnement du projectile et de la masse de réaction ; ces seconds moyens de positionnement seront également décrits en détail par la suite. Le tube-canon est muni, en outre, d'une première poignée 20 de maintien de l'arme, cette poignée est située sur la section du tube-canon dans laquelle est placée le projectile 7, et, d'une seconde poignée 21 ; cette poignée est située au niveau de la charge propulsive centrale 5 et porte une gachette 21a destinée à déclancher un percuteur de la charge de mise à feu de cette charge propulsive centrale. Ces premiere et seconde poignées 20 et 21 sont articulées respectivement sur des colliers de liaison 22-23 au tube-canon 1 et sont représentées en position déployée. A chacune de ses deux extré- mitées 2-3 le tube-canon 1 est clos par des membranes d'étanchéité, respectivement 24 et 25, dont la fonction est de compléter l'étanchéité de l'arme ; ces membranes s'effacent facilement au départ du coup. Durant les manoeuvres de l'arme, ainsi déployée en configuration de tir ; déplacement du tireur avec son arme, mise en batterie etc ... il peut s'avérer utile de renforcer le calage en position de la masse de réaction et éventuellement celui du projectile. A cet effet, la section arrière du tube-canon est chemisée intérieurement avec un élément cylindrique 26 qui prend appui d'une part, sur le couvercle 15 de l'enveloppe 10 du récipient et, d'autre part sur la périphérie de la membrane d'étanchéité 25. Cet élément cylindrique réalisé en un matériau de faible densité, tel que le polystyrène expansé, est évidé dans sa partie centrale et est sectionné suivant des plans diamétraux 26a de façon à assurer sa libre expulsion au départ du coup, sans rencontrer de résistance mécanique de la part du jeu d'outils tranchants 17, et de ne pas gêner l'expansion du chargement. De manière similaire, la section avant du tube-canon est chemisée intérieurement avec un élément cylindrique torique 27 qui prend appui, d'une part, sur un dégagement 7b présent à la base de l'ogive 7c du projectile 7 et, d'autre part, sur la périphérie de la membrane d'étanchéité 24. Il faut noter que la masse de ces deux éléments cylindriques de calage 26-27 est relativement faible et que ceux-ci demeurent libres de coulisser dans l'âme du tube-canon dès que les membranes d'étanchéité se trouvent éliminées ; il en résulte que ces deux éléments de calages ne perturbent pas de façon sensible le fonctionnement de l'arme, mais que par contre la sûreté opérationnelle celle-ci est accrue dans de fortes proportions. De plus, dans le but d'atténuer le niveau sonore de l'arme, le tube-canon est muni à l'arrière d'un élément tubulaire télescopique 28 qui peut coulisser sur la paroi externe de ce tube-canon. Cet élément télescopique est équipé d'un verrou 29 qui assure son positionnement sur le tube-canon. Cet élément télescopique tout en fournissant une atténuation notable du niveau sonore, au départ du coup, ne constitue pas un obstacle à l'expulsion de la masse de réaction découpée par le jeu d'outils tranchants 17, puisque la dispersion de la substance granulaire emmagasinée dans la masse de réaction n'est encore que faiblement amorcée lors de la traversée de cet élément télescopique. Enfin, pour permettre le pointage en direction de l'arme, celle-ci est équipée d'un organe de visée optique, solidaire du tube-canon, qui ne sera pas décrit et représenté puisque cet organe peut être constitué par des éléments classiques et ne fait pas partie de l'invention. On peut également noter, que dans le mode de réalisation de la Figure 5, le jeu d'outils tranchants 17 est monté sur une virole 30 qui est intégré au tube-canon.In what follows, an individual anti-tank shooting weapon will be described, including an inert reaction mass which can be expelled from the rear in accordance with the invention. FIG. 5 represents an overall view, in section, of an embodiment of such a weapon in its firing configuration. In this Figure 5, we find the barrel tube 1, which can be made of glass wire wound and reinforced with a polymerizable resin; this barrel tube is equipped with a set of sharp tools 17 which are situated at its rear end 3. The central propellant charge 5 is physically secured to the barrel tube and comprises first means for positioning the projectile 7 and for the reaction mass 6; these positioning means will be described in detail later. The barrel tube comprises second means for positioning the projectile and the reaction mass; these second positioning means will also be described in detail below. The barrel tube is provided, in addition, with a first handle 20 for holding the weapon, this handle is located on the section of the barrel tube in which the projectile 7 is placed, and, with a second handle 21 ; this handle is located at the level of the central propellant charge 5 and carries a trigger 21a intended to trigger a striker of the firing charge of this central propellant charge. These first and second handles 20 and 21 are articulated respectively on connecting collars 22-23 to the barrel tube 1 and are shown in the deployed position. At each of its two ends 2-3 the barrel tube 1 is closed by sealing membranes, respectively 24 and 25, whose function is to complete the watertightness of the weapon; these membranes are easily erased at the start of the blow. During the maneuvers of the weapon, thus deployed in firing configuration; movement of the shooter with his weapon, setting in battery etc ... it may prove useful to reinforce the setting in position of the reaction mass and possibly that of the projectile. For this purpose, the rear section of the barrel tube is lined internally with a cylindrical element 26 which bears on the one hand, on the cover 15 of the envelope 10 of the container and, on the other hand on the periphery of the membrane sealing 25. This cylindrical element made of a low density material, such as expanded polystyrene, is hollowed out in its central part and is sectioned along diametrical planes 26a so as to ensure its free expulsion at the start of the blow, without encountering of mechanical strength on the part of the cutting tools set 17, and not to hinder the expansion of the load. Similarly, the front section of the barrel tube is lined internally with a toric cylindrical element 27 which rests, on the one hand, on a clearance 7b present at the base of the warhead 7c of the projectile 7 and, on the other part, on the periphery of the sealing membrane 24. It should be noted that the mass of these two cylindrical wedging elements 26-27 is relatively small and that they remain free to slide in the core of the barrel tube as soon as that the waterproofing membranes are eliminated; it follows that these two wedging elements do not significantly disturb the operation of the weapon, but on the other hand the operational safety it is increased in large proportions. In addition, in order to attenuate the sound level of the weapon, the barrel tube is provided at the rear with a telescopic tubular element 28 which can slide on the external wall of this barrel tube. This telescopic element is equipped with a lock 29 which ensures its positioning on the barrel tube. This telescopic element while providing a significant reduction in the sound level, at the start of the stroke, does not constitute an obstacle to the expulsion of the reaction mass cut out by the set of sharp tools 17, since the dispersion of the granular substance stored in the reaction mass is still only slightly initiated during the crossing of this telescopic element. Finally, to allow pointing in the direction of the weapon, the latter is equipped with an optical sighting member, integral with the barrel tube, which will not be described and shown since this member may be constituted by conventional elements and is not part of the invention. It can also be noted that in the embodiment of Figure 5, the set of cutting tools 17 is mounted on a ferrule 30 which is integrated into the barrel tube.

La Figure 6 représente une vue d'ensemble de l'arme de tir en configuration de transport. Les deux poignées 20 et 21 de maintien de l'arme sont repliées contre le tube-canon 1 et reçoivent un capot de protection 31 qui est maintenu en place par un jeu de sangles 32 et 33 qui après décrochage permettent le décapotage de ces poignées. L'élément télescopique 28 est emboîté sur le tube-canon et son dispositif de verrouillage 29 coopère avec un crantage annulaire pratiqué dans un bossage circulaire 34 situé sur la paroi externe du tube-canon. De plus, les deux extrémités du tube-canon sont munies d'un couvercle de protection des membranes d'étanchéité 24 et 25 décrites précédemment ; ces couvercles de protection 35 et 36 sont équipés d'un organe de verrouillage, respectivement 35a et 36a , sur le tube-canon ; ces deux couvercles sont éliminés lors du déploiement de l'arme en configuration de tir. Enfin, l'arme peut être équipée d'une poignée et/ou d'une bretelle de transport 48 comportant une boucle de réglage 49.Figure 6 shows an overview of the firing weapon in transport configuration. The two handles 20 and 21 for holding the weapon are folded against the barrel tube 1 and receive a protective cover 31 which is held in place by a set of straps 32 and 33 which, after unhooking, allow these handles to be uncapped. The telescopic element 28 is fitted onto the barrel tube and its locking device 29 cooperates with an annular notch formed in a circular boss 34 located on the external wall of the barrel tube. In addition, the two ends of the barrel tube are provided with a protective cover for the sealing membranes 24 and 25 described above; these protective covers 35 and 36 are fitted with a locking member, respectively 35a and 36a, on the barrel tube; these two covers are eliminated during deployment of the weapon in the firing configuration. Finally, the weapon can be equipped with a handle and / or a carrying strap 48 comprising an adjustment loop 49.

La Figure 7 représente selon une vue partielle en coupe longitudinalement la section centrale de l'arme et plus particulièrement un mode de réalisation des premiers et seconds moyens des positionnements, à l'intérieur du tube-canon, de la masse de réaction 6 et du projectile 7. La charge propulsive 5 comprend un tube de feu 37 qui est rendu solidaire du tube-canon et parfaitement positionné par des éléments circulaires 38 et 39 qui sont vissés dans le collier 23. A l'intérieur de ce tube de feu 37 est placée la charge d'amorçage 40 et le percuteur 41 de l'amorce. A l'extérieur de ce tube de feu sont disposées des charges de poudre 5a destinée à propulser le projectile et la masse de réaction. De part et d'autre du tube de feu 40 sont disposés un premier moyen de positionnement 42 de la masse de réaction 6 et un premier moyen de positionnement 43 du projectile 7. Ces moyens de positionnement sont constitués par des éléments circulaires situés dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe du tube-canon ; sur ces éléments viennent en appui, d'une part, le fond 11 de l'enveloppe 10 de la masse de réaction et, d'autre part, la base 7c du projectile. Le second moyen de positionnement de la masse de réaction 6 est fourni par un jeu de languettes 44 sur lequelles le couvercle 15 de l'enveloppe 10 vient en appui ce qui permet également de renforcer la tenue de ce couvercle qui est monté par simple emboitement comme décrit précédemment.Les languettes de ce second moyen de positionnement sont facilement effaçables au départ du coup grâce à des encoches 45 prévues à cet effet. Enfin, le second moyen de positionnement du projectile 7 est fourni par un élément enfichable 46 dans le culot 7a du projectile qui est muni à cet effet d'un élément récepteur 47. L'élément enfichable 46 comporte une plaque 46a qui renforce également l'action des premiers moyens de positionnement 42 de la masse de réaction 6.Figure 7 shows a partial view in longitudinal section of the central section of the weapon and more particularly an embodiment of the first and second means of positioning, inside the barrel, the reaction mass 6 and the projectile 7. The propellant charge 5 comprises a fire tube 37 which is made integral with the barrel tube and perfectly positioned by circular elements 38 and 39 which are screwed into the collar 23. Inside this fire tube 37 is placed the load priming 40 and the striker 41 of the primer. Outside this tube of fire are disposed charges of powder 5a intended to propel the projectile and the reaction mass. On either side of the fire tube 40 are disposed a first means of positioning 42 of the reaction mass 6 and a first means of positioning 43 of the projectile 7. These positioning means are constituted by circular elements located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the barrel tube; on these elements come to bear, on the one hand, the bottom 11 of the envelope 10 of the reaction mass and, on the other hand, the base 7c of the projectile. The second means for positioning the reaction mass 6 is provided by a set of tongues 44 on which the cover 15 of the envelope 10 comes to bear which also makes it possible to strengthen the holding of this cover which is mounted by simple fitting as described previously. The tongues of this second positioning means are easily erasable at the start of the blow thanks to notches 45 provided for this purpose. Finally, the second means for positioning the projectile 7 is provided by a plug-in element 46 in the base 7a of the projectile which is provided for this purpose with a receiving element 47. The plug-in element 46 comprises a plate 46a which also reinforces the action of the first positioning means 42 of the reaction mass 6.

L'invention n'est pas limitée dans ses caractéristiques au mode de réalisation décrit ici à titre illustratif mais nullement limitatif. La nature des matériaux de construction de la masse de réaction, peut être modifiée, notamment, on peut substituer à l'oxyde d'aluminium, un matériau à base de silice et tout autre matériau de caractéristiques physiques équivalentes. Le mode de construction du jeu d'outils tranchants peut être modifié, tant par le nombre des lames que par la forme exacte de leur partie tranchante, le second moyen de positionnement de la masse de réaction peut être constitué par des éléments mécaniques effaçables au départ du coup. On notera également que l'invention n'est pas limitée à une configuration de l'arme dans laquelle les poids du projectile et de la masse de réaction sont égales ; seule l'égalité des quantités de mouvement doit être satisfaite, toutefois l'égalité des poids permet un juste compromis entre le poids globale de l'arme et la longueur du tube-canon lesquels conditionnent l'usage opérationnel de l'arme.The invention is not limited in its characteristics to the embodiment described here by way of illustration but in no way is limitative. The nature of the materials of construction of the reaction mass, can be modified, in particular, one can substitute for aluminum oxide, a material containing silica and any other material of equivalent physical characteristics. The construction method of the set of cutting tools can be modified, both by the number of blades and by the exact shape of their cutting part, the second means of positioning the reaction mass can be constituted by mechanical elements that can be erased at the start. therefore. It will also be noted that the invention is not limited to a configuration of the weapon in which the weights of the projectile and of the reaction mass are equal; only the equality of the quantities of movement must be satisfied, however the equality of the weights allows a just compromise between the total weight of the weapon and the length of the barrel which determine the operational use of the weapon.

L'invention n'est pas non plus limitée dans son application à une arme individuelle antichar munie d'un projectile perforant, elle peut être utilisée pour le lancement d'un missile comportant un propulseur à allumage retardé, elle peut également trouver son application pour le lancement de projectiles éclairants ou autres. Cette arme de construction simple et industrielle, n'exigeant pas l'utilisation de composants d'un coùt important permet de disposer d'une arme consommable qui peut être abandonnée après le tir du projectile.The invention is also not limited in its application to an individual anti-tank weapon provided with a penetrating projectile, it can be used for launching a missile comprising a propellant with delayed ignition, it can also find its application for the launching of illuminating or other projectiles. This weapon of simple and industrial construction, not requiring the use of components of a significant cost makes it possible to have a consumable weapon which can be abandoned after the shooting of the projectile.

Claims (13)

1. Masse de réaction expulsable par l'arrière d'une arme de tir sans recul, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est constituée d'une substance granulaire inerte (14) de densité spécifique déterminée, qui est emmagasinée dans un conteneur rigide et hermétique, la paroi latérale (10) duquel est découpable longitudinalement au départ du coups.1. Reaction mass expellable from the rear of a recoilless rifle, characterized in that it consists of an inert granular substance (14) of specific density, which is stored in a rigid and hermetic container , the side wall (10) of which can be cut longitudinally at the start of the stroke. 2. Masse de réaction selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la paroi latérale (10) du récipient comporte au moins deux bossages (10a, lOb) circulaires dont le diamètre externe (D2) sensiblement égal au calibre (D ) de l'arme.2. Reaction mass according to claim 1, characterized in that the side wall (10) of the container comprises at least two circular bosses (10a, 10b) whose external diameter (D 2 ) substantially equal to the gauge (D) of the 'armed. 3. Masse de réaction selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la paroi latérale du récipient est munie d'un frettage (12), au moins partiel, pour résister aux forces hydrodynamiques crées par la substance granulaire (14), au départ du coup.3. Reaction mass according to claim 2, characterized in that the side wall of the container is provided with a hoop (12), at least partially, to resist the hydrodynamic forces created by the granular substance (14), from the stroke. 4. Masse de réaction selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le conteneur comporte un écran thermique (12) circulaire fixé sur la surface externe du fond (11) de ce conteneur.4. Reaction mass according to claim 1, characterized in that the container has a circular heat shield (12) fixed on the external surface of the bottom (11) of this container. 5. Masse de réaction selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que l'écran thermique (12) est un élément composite constitué par la superposition d'un premier disque (12a) en un matériau métallique et d'un second disque (12b) en un matériau tel qu'un feutre.5. Reaction mass according to claim 4, characterized in that the heat shield (12) is a composite element constituted by the superposition of a first disc (12a) made of a metallic material and a second disc (12b) made of a material such as a felt. 6. Masse de réaction selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'un élément cylindrique de calage (16) est disposé à l'intérieur du conteneur et en regard du couvercle (15) de celui-ci.6. Reaction mass according to claim 1, characterized in that a cylindrical wedging element (16) is arranged inside the container and facing the cover (15) thereof. 7. Masse de réaction selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que l'élément cylindrique de calage (16) est réalisé en un matériau plastique de très faible densité tel que le polystyrène expansé.7. Reaction mass according to claim 6, characterized in that the cylindrical wedging element (16) is made of a plastic material of very low density such as expanded polystyrene. 8. Masse de réaction selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la substance granulaire (16) est de l'oxyde d'alumunium.8. Reaction mass according to claim 1, characterized in that the granular substance (16) is alumunium oxide. 9. Arme de tir sans, recul, comprenant un tube-canon (1) ouvert à ses deux extrémités (2,3), une charge propulsive centrale (5) et une masse de réaction (6) expulsable, caractérisée en ce que l'extrémité (3) du tube-canon située en regard de la masse de réaction comporte un jeu d'outils tranchants (4) qui se projettent à l'intérieur du tube-canon et en ce que la masse de réaction expulsable est constituée par une substance granulaire (14) emmagasinée dans un récipient cylindrique rigide dont la paroi latérale (10) est découpable, selon ses génératrices, au départ du coup.9. Shooting weapon without, recoil, comprising a barrel-tube (1) open at its two ends (2,3), a central propellant charge (5) and an expelling reaction mass (6), characterized in that l end (3) of the barrel tube located opposite the reaction mass comprises a set of sharp tools (4) which project inside the barrel tube and in that the expellable reaction mass consists of a granular substance (14) stored in a rigid cylindrical container whose side wall (10) can be cut, according to its generatrices, at the start of the blow. 10. Arme de tir selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que le jeu d'outils tranchants (4) est constitué par une série de lames coupantes (17) régulièrement espacées.10. Shooting weapon according to claim 9, characterized in that the set of sharp tools (4) consists of a series of cutting blades (17) regularly spaced. 11. Arme de tir selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que le tube-canon (1) comporte un premier (42) et un second (44) moyens de positionnement de la masse de réaction à l'intérieur du tube-canon, le second moyen étant constitué par des languettes facilement effaçables, au départ du coup, dans des encoches (45) correspondantes.11. A shooting weapon according to claim 9, characterized in that the barrel tube (1) comprises a first (42) and a second (44) means for positioning the reaction mass inside the barrel tube, the second means being constituted by easily erasable tabs, at the start of the blow, in corresponding notches (45). 12. Arme de tir selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que les sections avant et arrière du tube-canon (1) sont chemisées intérieurement par des éléments cylindriques (26, 27) de faible masse qui fournissent un moyen de calage dans le tube-canon de la masse de réaction (6) et du projectile (7).12. Shooting weapon according to claim 9, characterized in that the front and rear sections of the barrel tube (1) are lined internally by cylindrical elements (26, 27) of low mass which provide a means of wedging in the tube -canon of the reaction mass (6) and of the projectile (7). 13. Arme de tir selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que la section arrière du tube-canon (1) est chemisée extérieurement par un élément télescopique (28).13. Shooting weapon according to claim 9, characterized in that the rear section of the barrel tube (1) is lined externally by a telescopic element (28).
EP83401533A 1982-07-30 1983-07-26 Dischargeable recoil compensating charge, and recoilless firearm provided with such a charge Withdrawn EP0100722A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8213354A FR2531203B1 (en) 1982-07-30 1982-07-30 EXPULSABLE REACTION MASS AND NON-BACKUP SHOOTING WEAPON INCLUDING SUCH A MASS
FR8213354 1982-07-30

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EP0100722A1 true EP0100722A1 (en) 1984-02-15

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EP (1) EP0100722A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2531203B1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989004451A1 (en) * 1987-11-10 1989-05-18 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britanni Recoil-less launch system
US5551330A (en) * 1993-12-22 1996-09-03 Luchaire Defense Sa Dispersible countermass system for a recoilless weapon
US8220376B2 (en) * 2008-09-04 2012-07-17 Saab Ab Countermass weapon
EP2815199A4 (en) * 2012-02-13 2015-10-07 Saab Ab A countermass container for use in a recoilless weapon and a recoilless weapon comprising such a countermass container
WO2021124337A1 (en) * 2019-12-19 2021-06-24 Next Sniper Ltd. Hovering firearm system for drones and methods of use thereof

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2558946B1 (en) * 1984-01-27 1988-04-08 Brandt Armements LAUNCHING TUBE FOR RECOVERY SHOOTING WEAPON
CN107843143B (en) * 2017-11-17 2023-08-04 南京理工大学 Recoilless transmitting device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1374423A (en) * 1962-08-01 1964-10-09 Diehl Fa Improvements to recoilless weapons
DE2017633A1 (en) * 1970-04-13 1971-10-28 Josef Schaberger & Co Gmbh, 6535 Gau-Algesheim Ballast-contng propellant with reduceddetona - weapons
DE2260625A1 (en) * 1972-12-12 1974-06-20 Dynamit Nobel Ag Bazooka propelling charge damming powder - having increased internal friction by ramifie shape of grains
DE2435523A1 (en) * 1974-07-24 1976-02-05 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Damping arrangement for recoilless barrel - has radial packed strips for decelerating blast of propellant charge

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1374423A (en) * 1962-08-01 1964-10-09 Diehl Fa Improvements to recoilless weapons
DE2017633A1 (en) * 1970-04-13 1971-10-28 Josef Schaberger & Co Gmbh, 6535 Gau-Algesheim Ballast-contng propellant with reduceddetona - weapons
DE2260625A1 (en) * 1972-12-12 1974-06-20 Dynamit Nobel Ag Bazooka propelling charge damming powder - having increased internal friction by ramifie shape of grains
DE2435523A1 (en) * 1974-07-24 1976-02-05 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Damping arrangement for recoilless barrel - has radial packed strips for decelerating blast of propellant charge

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989004451A1 (en) * 1987-11-10 1989-05-18 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britanni Recoil-less launch system
US5551330A (en) * 1993-12-22 1996-09-03 Luchaire Defense Sa Dispersible countermass system for a recoilless weapon
US8220376B2 (en) * 2008-09-04 2012-07-17 Saab Ab Countermass weapon
EP2815199A4 (en) * 2012-02-13 2015-10-07 Saab Ab A countermass container for use in a recoilless weapon and a recoilless weapon comprising such a countermass container
US9464855B2 (en) 2012-02-13 2016-10-11 Saab Ab Countermass container for use in a recoilless weapon and a recoilless weapon comprising such a countermass container
WO2021124337A1 (en) * 2019-12-19 2021-06-24 Next Sniper Ltd. Hovering firearm system for drones and methods of use thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2531203A1 (en) 1984-02-03
FR2531203B1 (en) 1986-11-14

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