EP1371935B1 - Device and ammunition for the protection of a vehicle or platform against threats - Google Patents

Device and ammunition for the protection of a vehicle or platform against threats Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1371935B1
EP1371935B1 EP03291311.3A EP03291311A EP1371935B1 EP 1371935 B1 EP1371935 B1 EP 1371935B1 EP 03291311 A EP03291311 A EP 03291311A EP 1371935 B1 EP1371935 B1 EP 1371935B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
masking
protection
decoy
ammunition
casing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP03291311.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1371935A1 (en
Inventor
Muriel Regis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexter Munitions SA
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H13/00—Means of attack or defence not otherwise provided for
    • F41H13/0006—Ballistically deployed systems for restraining persons or animals, e.g. ballistically deployed nets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H11/00—Defence installations; Defence devices
    • F41H11/02—Anti-aircraft or anti-guided missile or anti-torpedo defence installations or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/70—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies for dispensing radar chaff or infrared material

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of devices for ensuring the protection of a vehicle or a fixed platform against a threat, such as a projectile with a target detection means.
  • the patent FR2612287 thus describes a munition dispersing on the one hand a brass powder providing a virtually instantaneous masking and on the other hand pots comprising a fumigene pyrotechnic composition that ensure a durable masking.
  • the subject of the invention is a device for protecting a vehicle or a fixed platform against a threat, a device characterized in that it comprises means ensuring the deployment of at least one means for masking the vehicle or the platform in the infra-red and / or millimetric range and at least one means for luring the threat in the millimeter range, the means Deployment ensuring the implementation of the means or decoys between the masking cloud and the threat.
  • the masking means may comprise carbon fibers.
  • the decoy means may comprise at least one deployable reflector.
  • the invention also relates to a munition for implementing such a protection device.
  • the protective ammunition according to the invention implemented in such a protective device is characterized in that it comprises an envelope enclosing at least one masking means in the infrared and / or millimetric range, at least one means ensuring a decoy in the millimeter domain and at least one means of dispersion.
  • the masking means and the decoying means are arranged axially one behind the other in the envelope.
  • the masking means and the decoying means are arranged longitudinally next to each other on either side of an axis of the envelope.
  • the protective ammunition may comprise a first dispersing means comprising a piston pushed by an ejection means and pushing the decoy and masking means out of the envelope.
  • It may also include a second dispersing means ensures the spacing of the masking means and decoy means once the ejected out of the envelope.
  • the second dispersing means may comprise at least one spring interposed between the decoying means and the masking means.
  • the munition comprises a first envelope enclosing at least one masking means in the infrared and / or millimetric range and a second envelope enclosing at least one decoying means in the millimeter range, the two envelopes being connected to each other by a securing means.
  • the second envelope may then have a different section from that of the first envelope.
  • the masking means may comprise a stack of at least two carbon fiber slabs.
  • the masking means may comprise a metal or organic powder.
  • the decoy means may include at least one deployable auto reflector.
  • Figure la shows an armored vehicle 1 that is likely to be attacked by a threat 2, for example a missile.
  • the vehicle 1 is equipped with a protection device 3 according to the invention.
  • This device 3 comprises a tube 4 ammunition launcher, which is arranged on a support 5.
  • the support 5 may be orientable in site and in the bearing or have a fixed orientation relative to the vehicle.
  • Detection means 6 integral with the vehicle 1, identify the approach of the missile 2. These detection means will include for example a radar and / or an optical sensor, for example a laser radar.
  • An electronic control means (not shown) triggers the protection device in response to the detection of the threat 2 at a given distance from the vehicle.
  • the protection device comprises means ensuring the deployment of at least one means providing masking in the infrared and / or millimetric range (such as a masking cloud 7) and at least one means ensuring decoy in the millimeter range (such as one or more deployable radar reflectors 8).
  • the deployment means will preferably consist of one or more munitions launched by the protection device 3 and which will be designed so that the decoying means 8 is disposed between the masking cloud 7 and the threat 2.
  • the cloud 7 has the effect of preventing the detection of the vehicle 1 by the sensors of the missile 2. At the same time the reflectors 8 are detected by the radar sensor of the missile 2 which is directed towards them and avoids the vehicle 1.
  • the deployment means so that they ensure the positioning of the decoying means 8 between the cloud 7 and the missile 2. It suffices for that to provide means for dispersing the decoys 8 which provide a ballistic trajectory such that the decoys are deployed beyond the masking cloud 7.
  • the combination of the masking cloud 7 and the reflectors 8 provides a higher level of protection than would be provided by only one of the two means.
  • the device according to the invention adds to the masking effect provided by the cloud a decoy effect which makes it possible to substitute for the radar image of the vehicle 1 another radar image, close to that of the vehicle, but disposed to distance from this one.
  • masking and deception occur almost simultaneously. The missile no longer sees the vehicle but sees the decoys, so it is automatically attracted by them.
  • the masking means From the point of view of the masking means, it will implement means providing infra red masking and / or millimeter. It will be possible, for example, to disperse conductive fibers (for example carbon or alluminized glass fibers) whose length will be chosen on the order of one millimeter (from 3 to 6 mm) to ensure millimetric masking.
  • conductive fibers for example carbon or alluminized glass fibers
  • the patent FR2797044 discloses a method for making wafers of such fibers and arrange them in an envelope. These fibers providing a millimetric masking may be associated with infrared masking materials, for example a brass powder.
  • the patent FR2669625 describes a brass powder that can be dispersed.
  • the protection device represented in FIGS. 1a and 1b comprises a launcher which may be equipped with particular ammunition ensuring the simultaneous deployment of the masking and decoying means.
  • a protection device associating at least one first launcher 9 ensuring the deployment of the masking cloud and at least one second launcher 10 ensuring the deployment of decoy means.
  • Each type of launcher will then receive a specific ammunition (masking or lure).
  • the electronic control means will in this case trigger the firing of the ammunition masking and luring so as to ensure the deployment of the lures 8 between the masking cloud 7 and the threat 2.
  • the protection device it is of course possible to implement the protection device according to the invention to protect, not a vehicle, but a fixed structure (such as a building, an area or shelter).
  • the figure 2 shows in section a munition 11 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • This ammunition is intended to be placed in the launcher tube 4 (such a tube is for example described in the patent FR-A-2765869 ).
  • the munition comprises a tubular casing 12 at the rear of which is a base 13 screwed to it and which carries a radial lug 14 for fixing the ammunition by a bayonet mounting on a launcher not shown.
  • the base 13 carries an axial contact electrically isolated from the base by an insulating cylinder 16.
  • the base comprises an ejection means which is a pyrotechnic ejection charge 17 (a propellant powder for example) and an igniter 18 which is electrically connected, on the one hand to the contact 15 and on the other hand to the metal body of the base 13.
  • the envelope 12 encloses a dispersing means which is a piston 19 on which is applied a cylindrical case 20 which delimits a cylindrical housing divided into two compartments 23, 24 by a partition 21.
  • the case 20 is in the form of two half-shells 20a, 20b.
  • the envelope 12 is closed at its other end by a cover 22 connected thereto by a shearable radial pin (not shown).
  • the front compartment 23 contains at least one masking means 25 in the infrared and / or millimeter range.
  • the rear compartment 24 contains at least one means 26 decoying in the millimeter range.
  • the masking means 25 and the decoy means 26 are therefore arranged axially one behind the other in the envelope 12.
  • the figure 4a shows a first embodiment of the masking means 25 (shown alone).
  • the front compartment 23 encloses a case 27, for example a cardboard tube or a heat-shrinkable plastic sheath, inside which is disposed a block 28 of metallic or organic powder (for example aluminum, bronze or brass), and a stack of pancakes 29 of carbon fibers or of alluminized glass fibers (here eight patties are represented). All the fibers of the wafers are arranged parallel to each other and parallel to the axis of the munition (that is to say the dispersion cane 30).
  • the particle size of the particles will be chosen according to the wavelength to be masked. Concretely the median diameter of the particles will be less than or equal to 25 micrometers. It will also be possible to use sheet-shaped particles.
  • Each slab 29 has for thickness the length of the fibers, ie 3mm to 6mm.
  • the method for producing such patties is described in the patent FR2797044 .
  • the dispersion nozzle 30 is arranged axially and passes through the fiber patties 29 and the block 28 of metal or organic powder.
  • This cane is made for example in the form of a cardboard tube and contains a pyrotechnic dispersion composition, for example a composition combining aluminum and potassium perchlorate.
  • the pyrotechnic composition of the cane 30 is initiated by an igniter 31 (see figure 2 ) which is for example integral with the partition 21 and which is electrically connected to the igniter 18.
  • the igniter will incorporate a pyrotechnic delay composition which will ensure the initiation of the cane 30 after ejection of the masking means out of the envelope 12.
  • Such delay compositions are well known to those skilled in the art. It will be dimensioned to ensure a delay less than one second.
  • the rear compartment 24 contains a stack of lures 26 separated by washers 32 made of cardboard or preferably biodegradable plastic material. These washers make it possible to avoid a catch between two lures 26 during assembly of the ammunition. Alternatively, each lure 26 could be placed in a thin paper bag or plastic bag that would be broken when fired.
  • lure 26 is shown in the deployed position at the figure 5 .
  • a reflector 50 made of a flexible electrically conductive material (or carrying a conductive coating) which is connected by a connecting means to a deployment system which comprises two substantially circular arches 51, 52 and hinged together.
  • the reflector 50 consists of eight trihedrons 53 connected by their apex.
  • a trihedron 53 is formed by three leaves cut into right triangles and welded together.
  • the sheets forming the trihedrons 53 are for example made of a polyethylene film coated on each side with a thin layer of aluminum which makes it conductive of electricity. Any other flexible conductive material or not can be used. It will advantageously be possible to use a film of the family of polyethylenes tri-layer that is to say associating an aluminum layer between two layers of polyethylene. Such a film has the advantage of being heat-sealable.
  • the means ensuring the connection of the reflector 50 and the hoops 51,52 consists of six tongues 54 and six rings 56.
  • the length of these tongues is provided in such a way that a certain tension is exerted by the arches 51 and 52 on the vertices of the reflector 50. This ensures a maintenance of each trihedron in tension, which makes it possible to minimize the defects of structure and in particular flatnesses of leaves forming each trihedron 53.
  • the tabs 54 may advantageously be made of the same material as that used to make the reflector.
  • the tension provided by the elastic tongues causes deformation of the arches which is not detrimental to the bending of the lure.
  • the hoops 51 and 52 are in the form of son or metal tongues, for example made of spring steel. These arches can be folded so as to store them a potential elastic energy that will allow automatic deployment of the reflector.
  • the two arches 51 and 52 are joined together by two joints arranged at two diametrically opposite points. Each arch can therefore pivot relative to the other around a diametrical axis 58 materialized by the two joints. Pivoting is between a folded position in which the two arches 51 and 52 are substantially in the same plane and an extended position in which the two arches are in orthogonal planes.
  • the reflector 50 has six vertices. Two vertices are linked to the articulations, each of the four other vertices is linked to an arch at the level of a median part of this one.
  • the second arch 52 which is articulated on the first hoop 51 substantially at the level of the rings 56 positioned on the axis 58, is folded before folding on the hoop 51 so as to be in the same plane as that ci.
  • the flexibility of the reflector 50 allows such pivoting of the arches.
  • a second twist is made in the opposite direction around the point B (arrow F2), the point A remaining fixed, while bringing the points A and B closer to each other (arrows F3, F4).
  • this second phase one could alternatively (but less conveniently) continue the torsion movement of the point A of another half turn, the point B remaining fixed.
  • the final diameter of the loops is substantially less than half that of the deployed arch.
  • a roll of initial diameter 36 cm has a final diameter of about 15 cm in the folded position.
  • the flexibility of the material forming the reflector allows such folding.
  • the balance of the hoops 51 and 52 thus folded is unstable and a simple shock enough to cause their deployment so that of the reflector 50.
  • Reflector 50 being made from a flexible material, it is totally compressible. The dimensions of the reflector 50, therefore the entire decoy are chosen by the skilled person depending on the radar cross-section to obtain.
  • the operation of the ammunition is as follows.
  • the control means When the detection means carried by the vehicle or the platform detect the approach of a threat, the control means cause the initiation of the igniter 18 which initiates the ejection charge 17. At the same time the delay of the igniter 31 is initiated.
  • the pressure of the gases generated by the ejection charge 17 pushes the piston 19 which causes, by means of the case 20, the shearing of the pins holding the cover and the ejection thereof.
  • the case 20 and its contents are thus ejected out of the envelope 12.
  • the two half-shells 20a, 20b of the case separate on the outside of the casing thus releasing the contents.
  • the igniter 31 initiates the dispersion cane 30.
  • the radial effect of this latter causes the simultaneous dispersion of the fibers of the slabs 29 as well as the metallic powder 28. This results in a cloud of masking 7 effective both in the millimeter domain and in the infrared range.
  • the lures 26 are also dispersed and the shock resulting from the shooting causes their automatic deployment.
  • the ejection charge, the pyrotechnic initiation delay of the cane and the mass of the decoys will be dimensioned by the skilled person to ensure positioning of the decoys 8 in front of the masking cloud 7.
  • the figure 4b thus shows a masking means consisting solely of slabs of conductive fibers 29 (for example of carbon fibers or aluminized glass fibers) dispersible by the explosive rod 30.
  • This masking means is effective only in the millimetric range (fibers having a length between 3 and 6 mm). A method of making such fiber wafers is described in the patent application FR2797044 .
  • the figure 4c shows a masking means consisting solely of a block 28 of metal powder, for example aluminum, bronze or dispersible brass by the explosive rod 30.
  • This masking means is effective only in the infrared range.
  • the figure 3 shows a munition 11 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • This mode differs from the previous one in that the masking means 25 is disposed in contact with the ejector piston 19 while the decoying means is disposed in the vicinity of the cover 22.
  • a delay pyrotechnic composition and the igniter 31 can be placed directly in a cavity of the piston 19 so as to be initiated by the ejection charge 17 .
  • the figure 7 shows a munition according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • the munition 11 comprises a first envelope 34 which encloses the masking means 25 which may have a structure according to any one of the Figures 4a to 4c .
  • the munition 11 also comprises a second envelope 33 which encloses the decoy millimeter means, in the form of a stack of lures 26, folded and separated by washers 32, cardboard or plastic.
  • the two shells 33 and 34 are connected to each other by a securing means, which here consists of a threaded connection 38.
  • the end of the first casing 34 carries a thread on which is screwed a tapping arranged on the second envelope 33.
  • a second piston 37 is disposed in the second casing 33. It bears against an internal counterbore of the second casing and is pressed against the end of the first casing 34 during screwing of the second casing 33. in particular against the end of the case 20.
  • the first envelope 34 is closed, before fixing the second envelope 33, by a wedge 36 which is for example glued to the case 20.
  • the second envelope 33 has a section greater than that of the first envelope. It encloses a case 35 formed of two half-shells 35a and 35b. This case 35 is interposed between the second piston 37 and the cover 22.
  • the gas pressure of the ejection charge 17 pushes the piston 19.
  • the latter exerts its thrust on the second piston 37 via the holster 20.
  • the second piston 37 pushes the cover 22 through the second case 35, thereby causing the shear pins to shear.
  • the dispersion mode is thus identical to that of the ammunition according to the figure 3 .
  • This embodiment has the advantage of allowing the introduction of lures larger diameter.
  • this embodiment makes it possible, according to the operational requirements, to use ammunition providing only a masking function (only the first envelope 34 will then be used). ).
  • FIGS. 8a and 8b show a munition according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • This embodiment differs from the previous ones in that the masking means 25 and the decoying means 26 are arranged longitudinally one beside the other and on either side of an axis 39 of the envelope. .
  • the envelope 12 has a rectangular section.
  • the inner case 20 is divided into two half-shells 20a and 20b and it also has a rectangular section.
  • the internal cavity delimited by the case 20 is divided longitudinally into two compartments 41, 42 separated by a longitudinal partition 40.
  • the upper compartment 41 receives the masking means which may have a structure according to any one of the Figures 4a to 4c .
  • a dispersion nozzle 30 passes longitudinally through this compartment and is initiated by an igniter 31 carried by the piston 19 and incorporating a pyrotechnic delay.
  • the lower compartment 42 contains the lures 26 separated by spacers 32.
  • the mode of operation of this ammunition is as follows.
  • the gas pressure of the ejection charge pushes the piston 19, which constitutes a first dispersing means, and ejects the lid 22 via the holster 20.
  • the masking means is ejected at the same time as the means of decoying out of the envelope 12.
  • the dispersion cane is initiated with a delay of less than one second (from 0.5 to 0.8 milliseconds for example) and ensures the dispersion of the powder and or fibers and the creation of the masking cloud 7.
  • Such ammunition is disposed on a launcher having a suitable geometry and is oriented so that the partition 40 defines a plane perpendicular to a vertical plane.
  • the upper compartment enclosing the masking means is then oriented towards the sky while the lower compartment containing the lures is oriented towards the ground.
  • An advantage of this embodiment is that it allows simultaneous deployment of decoys and the cloud.
  • decoys are dispersed quickly to the ground. They thus ensure the attraction of the threat following a plunging trajectory that is more favorable to the protection of the vehicle or the structure.
  • This embodiment is more particularly adapted to a protection of the vehicle roof, the cloud of masking powder being dispersible vertically upwards.
  • a second dispersing means which ensures a rapid spacing of the masking means and the decoy means once the latter ejected from the envelope 12.
  • This spring will have the effect of removing the lures masking means from the output of the latter outside the envelope 12. It may also provide another spring at the wall 43. This will have the effect of facilitating the relative spacing of the lures and give them an additional impetus facilitating their deployment.

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des dispositifs permettant d'assurer la protection d'un véhicule ou d'une plate-forme fixe contre une menace, telle un projectile doté d'un moyen de détection de cible.The technical field of the invention is that of devices for ensuring the protection of a vehicle or a fixed platform against a threat, such as a projectile with a target detection means.

Il est connu d'assurer une protection en mettant en oeuvre un nuage de masquage. Le brevet FR2612287 décrit ainsi une munition dispersant d'une part une poudre de laiton assurant un masquage quasi instantané et d'autre part des pots comprenant une composition pyrotechnique fumigène qui permettent d'assurer un masquage durable.It is known to provide protection by implementing a masking cloud. The patent FR2612287 thus describes a munition dispersing on the one hand a brass powder providing a virtually instantaneous masking and on the other hand pots comprising a fumigene pyrotechnic composition that ensure a durable masking.

Une telle protection est cependant insuffisante vis à vis des menaces qui utilisent un autodirecteur radar fonctionnant dans la bande millimétrique.Such protection is however insufficient with respect to threats that use a radar seeker operating in the millimeter band.

On connaît par le brevet US-5835051 un dispositif de lancement dispersant des moyens actifs de leurrage attirant la menace vers eux. Il n'est pas prévu de lancer deux moyens actifs.We know by the patent US 5835051 a launching device dispersing active means of decoy luring the threat towards them. It is not planned to launch two active means.

On connaît également le brevet US-3671965 qui décrit un déflecteur radar susceptible d'être éjecté à partir d'un véhicule. Aucun moyen de masquage n'est décrit dans ce document.The patent is also known US 3671965 which describes a radar deflector capable of being ejected from a vehicle. No masking means is described in this document.

Il est connu, par exemple par le brevet US4503101 , de réaliser des leurres millimétriques déployables associant un réflecteur et un système de déploiement. Cependant de tels leurres sont de mise en oeuvre complexe et ils ne permettent pas d'assurer un niveau de protection suffisant.It is known, for example by the patent US4503101 , to achieve deployable millimeter lures associating a reflector and a deployment system. However, such decoys are complex in implementation and they do not provide a sufficient level of protection.

En effet, leur surface équivalente radar est trop éloignée de celle du véhicule ou de la plate-forme qu'ils doivent protéger. La menace voit toujours la cible et n'est pas détournée de celle ci par le leurre.Indeed, their radar cross section is too far from that of the vehicle or the platform they must protect. The threat always sees the target and is not diverted from it by the lure.

C'est le but de l'invention que de proposer un dispositif permettant d'assurer une meilleure protection d'un véhicule ou d'une plate forme fixe.It is the object of the invention to provide a device to ensure better protection of a vehicle or a fixed platform.

Ainsi, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif de protection d'un véhicule ou d'une plate-forme fixe contre une menace, dispositif caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens assurant le déploiement d'au moins un moyen assurant un masquage du véhicule ou de la plate-forme dans le domaine infra rouge et/ou millimétrique et d'au moins un moyen assurant un leurrage de la menace dans le domaine millimétrique, les moyens de déploiement assurant la mise en place du ou des moyens de leurrage entre le nuage de masquage et la menace.Thus, the subject of the invention is a device for protecting a vehicle or a fixed platform against a threat, a device characterized in that it comprises means ensuring the deployment of at least one means for masking the vehicle or the platform in the infra-red and / or millimetric range and at least one means for luring the threat in the millimeter range, the means Deployment ensuring the implementation of the means or decoys between the masking cloud and the threat.

Le moyen de masquage pourra comprendre des fibres de carbone.The masking means may comprise carbon fibers.

Le moyen de leurrage pourra comprendre au moins un réflecteur déployable.The decoy means may comprise at least one deployable reflector.

L'invention a également pour objet une munition permettant de mettre en oeuvre un tel dispositif de protection.The invention also relates to a munition for implementing such a protection device.

La munition de protection selon l'invention mise en oeuvre dans un tel dispositif de protection est caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une enveloppe renfermant au moins un moyen de masquage dans le domaine infra rouge et/ou millimétrique, au moins un moyen assurant un leurrage dans le domaine millimétrique et au moins un moyen de dispersion.The protective ammunition according to the invention implemented in such a protective device is characterized in that it comprises an envelope enclosing at least one masking means in the infrared and / or millimetric range, at least one means ensuring a decoy in the millimeter domain and at least one means of dispersion.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, le moyen de masquage et le moyen de leurrage se trouvent disposés axialement l'un derrière l'autre dans l'enveloppe.According to a particular embodiment, the masking means and the decoying means are arranged axially one behind the other in the envelope.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le moyen de masquage et le moyen de leurrage se trouvent disposés longitudinalement l'un à côté de l'autre de part et d'autre d'un axe de l'enveloppe.According to another embodiment, the masking means and the decoying means are arranged longitudinally next to each other on either side of an axis of the envelope.

La munition de protection pourra comporter un premier moyen de dispersion comprenant un piston poussé par un moyen d'éjection et poussant les moyens de leurrage et de masquage hors de l'enveloppe.The protective ammunition may comprise a first dispersing means comprising a piston pushed by an ejection means and pushing the decoy and masking means out of the envelope.

Elle pourra aussi comporter un deuxième moyen de dispersion assure l'écartement du moyen de masquage et du moyen de leurrage un fois ces derniers éjectés hors de l'enveloppe.It may also include a second dispersing means ensures the spacing of the masking means and decoy means once the ejected out of the envelope.

Le deuxième moyen de dispersion pourra comprendre au moins un ressort interposé entre les moyens de leurrage et les moyens de masquage.The second dispersing means may comprise at least one spring interposed between the decoying means and the masking means.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la munition comprend une première enveloppe renfermant au moins un moyen de masquage dans le domaine infra rouge et/ou millimétrique et une deuxième enveloppe renfermant au moins un moyen assurant un leurrage dans le domaine millimétrique, les deux enveloppes étant liées l'une à l'autre par un moyen de solidarisation.According to another embodiment, the munition comprises a first envelope enclosing at least one masking means in the infrared and / or millimetric range and a second envelope enclosing at least one decoying means in the millimeter range, the two envelopes being connected to each other by a securing means.

La deuxième enveloppe pourra alors avoir une section différente de celle de la première enveloppe.The second envelope may then have a different section from that of the first envelope.

Le moyen de masquage pourra comprendre un empilement d'au moins deux galettes de fibre de carbone.The masking means may comprise a stack of at least two carbon fiber slabs.

Le moyen de masquage pourra comprendre une poudre métallique ou organique.The masking means may comprise a metal or organic powder.

Le moyen de leurrage pourra comprendre au moins un réflecteur auto déployable.The decoy means may include at least one deployable auto reflector.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels :

  • les figures 1a, 1b et 1c sont des schémas montrant la mise en oeuvre d'un dispositif selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une munition selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une munition selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • les figures 4a, 4b et 4c montrent trois variantes de réalisation du moyen de masquage,
  • la figure 5 montre en perspective un mode de réalisation d'un leurre déployable,
  • les figures 6a, 6b et 6c montrent le mode de pliage d'un arceau d'un tel leurre déployable,
  • la figure 7 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une munition selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • les figures 8a et 8b montrent une munition selon un quatrième mode de réalisation de l'invention, la figure 8b étant une coupe suivant le plan AA dont la trace est visible à la figure 8a,
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of particular embodiments, a description given with reference to the accompanying drawings and in which:
  • the Figures 1a, 1b and 1 C are diagrams showing the implementation of a device according to the invention,
  • the figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a munition according to a first embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a munition according to a second embodiment of the invention,
  • the Figures 4a, 4b and 4c show three variants of the masking means,
  • the figure 5 shows in perspective an embodiment of a deployable lure,
  • the Figures 6a, 6b and 6c show the folding mode of a hoop of such a deployable lure,
  • the figure 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a munition according to a third embodiment of the invention,
  • the Figures 8a and 8b show a munition according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, the figure 8b being a section along the plane AA whose trace is visible at the figure 8a ,

La figure la montre un véhicule blindé 1 qui est susceptible d'être attaqué par une menace 2, par exemple un missile. Le véhicule 1 est équipé d'un dispositif de protection 3 selon l'invention. Ce dispositif 3 comprend un tube 4 lanceur de munition, qui est disposé sur un support 5.Figure la shows an armored vehicle 1 that is likely to be attacked by a threat 2, for example a missile. The vehicle 1 is equipped with a protection device 3 according to the invention. This device 3 comprises a tube 4 ammunition launcher, which is arranged on a support 5.

Le support 5 pourra être orientable en site et en gisement ou avoir une orientation fixe par rapport au véhicule.The support 5 may be orientable in site and in the bearing or have a fixed orientation relative to the vehicle.

Des moyens de détection 6, solidaires du véhicule 1, permettent de repérer l'approche du missile 2. Ces moyens de détection comprendront par exemple un radar et/ou un capteur optique, par exemple un radar laser.Detection means 6, integral with the vehicle 1, identify the approach of the missile 2. These detection means will include for example a radar and / or an optical sensor, for example a laser radar.

Un moyen de commande électronique (non représenté) déclenche le dispositif de protection en réponse à la détection de la menace 2 à une distance donnée du véhicule.An electronic control means (not shown) triggers the protection device in response to the detection of the threat 2 at a given distance from the vehicle.

Conformément à l'invention, le dispositif de protection comprend des moyens assurant le déploiement d'au moins un moyen assurant un masquage dans le domaine infra rouge et/ou millimétrique (tel un nuage de masquage 7) et d'au moins un moyen assurant un leurrage dans le domaine millimétrique (tel un ou plusieurs réflecteurs radar déployables 8).According to the invention, the protection device comprises means ensuring the deployment of at least one means providing masking in the infrared and / or millimetric range (such as a masking cloud 7) and at least one means ensuring decoy in the millimeter range (such as one or more deployable radar reflectors 8).

Les moyens de déploiement seront de préférence constitués par une ou plusieurs munitions lancées par le dispositif de protection 3 et qui seront conçues de telle sorte que le moyen de leurrage 8 soit disposé entre le nuage de masquage 7 et la menace 2.The deployment means will preferably consist of one or more munitions launched by the protection device 3 and which will be designed so that the decoying means 8 is disposed between the masking cloud 7 and the threat 2.

Le nuage 7 a pour effet d'empêcher la détection du véhicule 1 par les senseurs du missile 2. Dans le même temps les réflecteurs 8 sont détectés par le senseur radar du missile 2 qui se dirige vers ces derniers et évite le véhicule 1.The cloud 7 has the effect of preventing the detection of the vehicle 1 by the sensors of the missile 2. At the same time the reflectors 8 are detected by the radar sensor of the missile 2 which is directed towards them and avoids the vehicle 1.

L'Homme du Métier déterminera le nombre et les dimensions des réflecteurs radar 8 de façon donner au groupe des réflecteurs 8 une surface équivalente radar analogue à celle du véhicule 1 à protéger.Those skilled in the art will determine the number and the dimensions of the radar reflectors 8 so as to give the group of reflectors 8 a radar equivalent surface similar to that of the vehicle 1 to be protected.

Il dimensionnera aussi les moyens de déploiement afin qu'ils assurent le positionnement des moyens de leurrage 8 entre le nuage 7 et le missile 2. Il suffit pour cela de prévoir des moyens de dispersion des leurres 8 qui assurent une trajectoire balistique telle que les leurres soient déployés au-delà du nuage de masquage 7.It will also size the deployment means so that they ensure the positioning of the decoying means 8 between the cloud 7 and the missile 2. It suffices for that to provide means for dispersing the decoys 8 which provide a ballistic trajectory such that the decoys are deployed beyond the masking cloud 7.

La combinaison du nuage de masquage 7 et des réflecteurs 8 assure un niveau de protection supérieur à celui qui serait apporté par un seul des deux moyens.The combination of the masking cloud 7 and the reflectors 8 provides a higher level of protection than would be provided by only one of the two means.

En effet, le dispositif selon l'invention ajoute à l'effet de masquage assuré par le nuage un effet de leurrage qui permet de substituer à l'image radar du véhicule 1 une autre image radar, proche de celle du véhicule, mais disposée à distance de celui ci. De plus, masquage et leurrage interviennent de façon quasi simultanée. Le missile ne voit plus le véhicule mais voit les leurres, il est donc automatiquement attiré par ces derniers.Indeed, the device according to the invention adds to the masking effect provided by the cloud a decoy effect which makes it possible to substitute for the radar image of the vehicle 1 another radar image, close to that of the vehicle, but disposed to distance from this one. In addition, masking and deception occur almost simultaneously. The missile no longer sees the vehicle but sees the decoys, so it is automatically attracted by them.

Du point de vue des moyens de masquage, on mettra en oeuvre des moyens assurant un masquage Infra rouge et/ou millimétrique. On pourra par exemple disperser des fibres conductrices (par exemple de carbone ou des fibres de verré alluminisées) dont la longueur sera choisie de l'ordre du millimètre (de 3 à 6 mm) pour assurer un masquage millimétrique. Le brevet FR2797044 décrit un procédé permettant de réaliser des galettes de telles fibres et de les disposer dans une enveloppe. On pourra associer ces fibres assurant un masquage millimétrique à des matériaux assurant un masquage infra rouge, par exemple une poudre de laiton. Le brevet FR2669625 décrit une poudre de laiton pouvant ainsi être dispersée.From the point of view of the masking means, it will implement means providing infra red masking and / or millimeter. It will be possible, for example, to disperse conductive fibers (for example carbon or alluminized glass fibers) whose length will be chosen on the order of one millimeter (from 3 to 6 mm) to ensure millimetric masking. The patent FR2797044 discloses a method for making wafers of such fibers and arrange them in an envelope. These fibers providing a millimetric masking may be associated with infrared masking materials, for example a brass powder. The patent FR2669625 describes a brass powder that can be dispersed.

Du point de vue des moyens de leurrage on pourra disperser des leurres déployables tels que décrit par les brevets US4503101 ou GB2187892 ou par la demande de brevet FR02/00783 déposée le 21/01/2002 .From the point of view of the decoy means it will be possible to disperse deployable lures as described by the patents US4503101 or GB2187892 or by the patent application FR02 / 00783 filed on 21/01/2002 .

Le dispositif de protection représenté aux figures la et 1b comprend un lanceur qui pourra être équipé de munitions particulières assurant le déploiement simultané des moyens de masquage et de leurrage.The protection device represented in FIGS. 1a and 1b comprises a launcher which may be equipped with particular ammunition ensuring the simultaneous deployment of the masking and decoying means.

Différents modes de réalisation de telles munitions seront décrits en référence aux figures 2 à 6.Various embodiments of such munitions will be described with reference to Figures 2 to 6 .

A titre de variante et tel que représenté sur la figure 1c il est possible de disposer sur le véhicule 1 un dispositif de protection associant au moins un premier lanceur 9 assurant le déploiement du nuage de masquage et au moins un deuxième lanceur 10 assurant le déploiement des moyens de leurrage. On pourrait alternativement utiliser comme un des lanceurs le canon 44 du véhicule.As a variant and as represented on the figure 1c it is possible to have on the vehicle 1 a protection device associating at least one first launcher 9 ensuring the deployment of the masking cloud and at least one second launcher 10 ensuring the deployment of decoy means. One could alternatively use as one of the launchers the barrel 44 of the vehicle.

Chaque type de lanceur recevra alors une munition spécifique (masquage ou leurrage).Each type of launcher will then receive a specific ammunition (masking or lure).

Le moyen de commande électronique assurera dans ce cas le déclenchement du tir des munitions de masquage et de leurrage de façon à assurer le déploiement des leurres 8 entre le nuage de masquage 7 et la menace 2.The electronic control means will in this case trigger the firing of the ammunition masking and luring so as to ensure the deployment of the lures 8 between the masking cloud 7 and the threat 2.

Il est bien entendu possible de mettre en oeuvre le dispositif de protection selon l'invention pour protéger, non pas un véhicule, mais une structure fixe (tel un bâtiment, une zone ou un abri).It is of course possible to implement the protection device according to the invention to protect, not a vehicle, but a fixed structure (such as a building, an area or shelter).

La figure 2 montre en coupe une munition 11 selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention.The figure 2 shows in section a munition 11 according to a first embodiment of the invention.

Cette munition est destinée venir se placer dans le tube lanceur 4 (un tel tube est par exemple décrit dans le brevet FR-A-2765869 ).This ammunition is intended to be placed in the launcher tube 4 (such a tube is for example described in the patent FR-A-2765869 ).

La munition comprend une enveloppe 12 tubulaire à la partie arrière de laquelle se trouve une embase 13 vissée sur celle-ci et qui porte un ergot radial 14 permettant la fixation de la munition par un montage à baïonnette sur un lanceur non représenté. L'embase 13 porte un contact 15 axial isolé électriquement de l'embase par un cylindre isolant 16.The munition comprises a tubular casing 12 at the rear of which is a base 13 screwed to it and which carries a radial lug 14 for fixing the ammunition by a bayonet mounting on a launcher not shown. The base 13 carries an axial contact electrically isolated from the base by an insulating cylinder 16.

L'embase renferme un moyen d'éjection qui est une charge pyrotechnique d'éjection 17 (une poudre propulsive par exemple) et un allumeur 18 qui est relié électriquement, d'une part au contact 15 et d'autre part au corps métallique de l'embase 13. L'enveloppe 12 renferme un moyen de dispersion qui est un piston 19 sur lequel est appliqué un étui cylindrique 20 qui délimite un logement cylindrique partagé en deux compartiments 23, 24 par une cloison 21.The base comprises an ejection means which is a pyrotechnic ejection charge 17 (a propellant powder for example) and an igniter 18 which is electrically connected, on the one hand to the contact 15 and on the other hand to the metal body of the base 13. The envelope 12 encloses a dispersing means which is a piston 19 on which is applied a cylindrical case 20 which delimits a cylindrical housing divided into two compartments 23, 24 by a partition 21.

L'étui 20 se présente sous la forme de deux demi-coquilles 20a,20b. L'enveloppe 12 est fermée à son autre extrémité par un couvercle 22 relié à celle-ci par une goupille radiale cisaillable (non représentée).The case 20 is in the form of two half-shells 20a, 20b. The envelope 12 is closed at its other end by a cover 22 connected thereto by a shearable radial pin (not shown).

Le compartiment avant 23 renferme au moins un moyen de masquage 25 dans le domaine infra rouge et/ou millimétrique.The front compartment 23 contains at least one masking means 25 in the infrared and / or millimeter range.

Le compartiment arrière 24 renferme au moins un moyen 26 assurant un leurrage dans le domaine millimétrique.The rear compartment 24 contains at least one means 26 decoying in the millimeter range.

Le moyen de masquage 25 et le moyen de leurrage 26 se trouvent donc disposés axialement l'un derrière l'autre dans l'enveloppe 12.The masking means 25 and the decoy means 26 are therefore arranged axially one behind the other in the envelope 12.

La figure 4a montre une première variante de réalisation du moyen de masquage 25 (représenté seul).The figure 4a shows a first embodiment of the masking means 25 (shown alone).

Selon cette variante, le compartiment avant 23 renferme un étui 27, par exemple un tube en carton ou une gaine en matière plastique thermorétractable, à l'intérieur duquel est disposé un bloc 28 de poudre métallique ou organique (par exemple d'aluminium, de bronze ou de laiton), et un empilement de galettes 29 de fibres de carbone ou de fibres de verre alluminisées (ici huit galettes sont représentées). Toutes les fibres des galettes sont rangées parallèlement les unes aux autres et parallèlement à l'axe de la munition (c'est à dire à la cane de dispersion 30).According to this variant, the front compartment 23 encloses a case 27, for example a cardboard tube or a heat-shrinkable plastic sheath, inside which is disposed a block 28 of metallic or organic powder (for example aluminum, bronze or brass), and a stack of pancakes 29 of carbon fibers or of alluminized glass fibers (here eight patties are represented). All the fibers of the wafers are arranged parallel to each other and parallel to the axis of the munition (that is to say the dispersion cane 30).

La granulométrie des particules sera choisie en fonction de la longueur d'onde à masquer. Concrètement le diamètre médian des particules sera inférieur ou égal à 25 micromètres. On pourra aussi utiliser des particules en forme de feuillets.The particle size of the particles will be chosen according to the wavelength to be masked. Concretely the median diameter of the particles will be less than or equal to 25 micrometers. It will also be possible to use sheet-shaped particles.

Chaque galette 29 a pour épaisseur la longueur des fibres, soit de 3mm à 6mm. Le procédé permettant de réaliser de telles galettes est décrit dans le brevet FR2797044 .Each slab 29 has for thickness the length of the fibers, ie 3mm to 6mm. The method for producing such patties is described in the patent FR2797044 .

La cane de dispersion 30 est disposée axialement et elle traverse les galettes de fibres 29 ainsi que le bloc 28 de poudre métallique ou organique.The dispersion nozzle 30 is arranged axially and passes through the fiber patties 29 and the block 28 of metal or organic powder.

Cette cane est réalisée par exemple sous la forme d'un tube de carton et elle renferme une composition pyrotechnique de dispersion, par exemple une composition associant aluminium et perchlorate de potassium.This cane is made for example in the form of a cardboard tube and contains a pyrotechnic dispersion composition, for example a composition combining aluminum and potassium perchlorate.

La composition pyrotechnique de la cane 30 est initiée par un inflammateur 31 (voir figure 2) qui est par exemple solidaire de la cloison 21 et qui est relié électriquement à l'allumeur 18. L'inflammateur incorporera une composition pyrotechnique à retard qui assurera l'initiation de la cane 30 après éjection du moyen de masquage hors de l'enveloppe 12.The pyrotechnic composition of the cane 30 is initiated by an igniter 31 (see figure 2 ) which is for example integral with the partition 21 and which is electrically connected to the igniter 18. The igniter will incorporate a pyrotechnic delay composition which will ensure the initiation of the cane 30 after ejection of the masking means out of the envelope 12.

De telles compositions à retard sont bien connues de l'Homme du Métier. On la dimensionnera de façon à assurer un retard inférieur à la seconde.Such delay compositions are well known to those skilled in the art. It will be dimensioned to ensure a delay less than one second.

Le compartiment arrière 24 renferme un empilement de leurres 26 séparés par des rondelles 32 en carton ou en matière plastique de préférence biodégradable. Ces rondelles permettent d'éviter un accrochage entre deux leurres 26 lors du montage de la munition. On pourrait à titre de variante placer chaque leurre 26 dans un sachet en papier mince ou en matière plastique qui serait rompu lors du tir.The rear compartment 24 contains a stack of lures 26 separated by washers 32 made of cardboard or preferably biodegradable plastic material. These washers make it possible to avoid a catch between two lures 26 during assembly of the ammunition. Alternatively, each lure 26 could be placed in a thin paper bag or plastic bag that would be broken when fired.

Un exemple de leurre 26 est représenté en position déployée à la figure 5.An example of lure 26 is shown in the deployed position at the figure 5 .

Il comprend un réflecteur 50 réalisé en un matériau souple conducteur de l'électricité (ou portant un revêtement conducteur) qui est relié par un moyen de liaison à un système de déploiement qui comprend deux arceaux 51, 52 sensiblement circulaires et articulés entre eux.It comprises a reflector 50 made of a flexible electrically conductive material (or carrying a conductive coating) which is connected by a connecting means to a deployment system which comprises two substantially circular arches 51, 52 and hinged together.

Le réflecteur 50 est constitué de huit trièdres 53 reliés par leur sommet. Un trièdre 53 est formé par trois feuilles découpées en triangles rectangles et soudées entre elles. Les feuilles formant les trièdres 53 sont par exemple réalisée en un film polyéthylène revêtu de chaque côté avec une fine couche d'aluminium qui permet de le rendre conducteur de l'électricité. Tout autre matériau souple conducteur ou non peut être utilisé. On pourra avantageusement utiliser un film de la famille des polyéthylènes tri-couche c'est à dire associant une couche d'aluminium entre deux couches de polyéthylène. Un tel film présente l'avantage d'être thermosoudable.The reflector 50 consists of eight trihedrons 53 connected by their apex. A trihedron 53 is formed by three leaves cut into right triangles and welded together. The sheets forming the trihedrons 53 are for example made of a polyethylene film coated on each side with a thin layer of aluminum which makes it conductive of electricity. Any other flexible conductive material or not can be used. It will advantageously be possible to use a film of the family of polyethylenes tri-layer that is to say associating an aluminum layer between two layers of polyethylene. Such a film has the advantage of being heat-sealable.

Le moyen assurant la liaison du réflecteur 50 et des arceaux 51,52 est constitué par six languettes 54 et six anneaux 56.The means ensuring the connection of the reflector 50 and the hoops 51,52 consists of six tongues 54 and six rings 56.

La longueur de ces languettes est prévue de telle façon qu'une certaine tension soit exercée par les arceaux 51 et 52 sur les sommets du réflecteur 50. On assure ainsi un maintien de chaque trièdre en tension ce qui permet de minimiser les défauts de structure et notamment de planéités des feuilles formant chaque trièdre 53.The length of these tongues is provided in such a way that a certain tension is exerted by the arches 51 and 52 on the vertices of the reflector 50. This ensures a maintenance of each trihedron in tension, which makes it possible to minimize the defects of structure and in particular flatnesses of leaves forming each trihedron 53.

Les languettes 54 pourront avantageusement être réalisées dans le même matériau que celui utilisé pour fabriquer le réflecteur. La tension assurée par les languettes élastiques entraîne la déformation des arceaux ce qui n'est pas préjudiciable au pliage du leurre.The tabs 54 may advantageously be made of the same material as that used to make the reflector. The tension provided by the elastic tongues causes deformation of the arches which is not detrimental to the bending of the lure.

Les arceaux 51 et 52 se présentent sous la forme de fils ou languettes métalliques, par exemple réalisés en acier à ressort. Ces arceaux pourront être pliés de façon à leur faire emmagasiner une énergie potentielle élastique qui permettra un déploiement automatique du réflecteur.The hoops 51 and 52 are in the form of son or metal tongues, for example made of spring steel. These arches can be folded so as to store them a potential elastic energy that will allow automatic deployment of the reflector.

Les deux arceaux 51 et 52 sont réunis entre eux par deux articulations disposées au niveau de deux points diamétralement opposés. Chaque arceau peut donc pivoter par rapport à l'autre autour d'un axe diamétral 58 matérialisé par les deux articulations. Le pivotement se fait entre une position repliée dans laquelle les deux arceaux 51 et 52 se trouvent sensiblement dans le même plan et une position déployée dans laquelle les deux arceaux se trouvent dans des plans orthogonaux.The two arches 51 and 52 are joined together by two joints arranged at two diametrically opposite points. Each arch can therefore pivot relative to the other around a diametrical axis 58 materialized by the two joints. Pivoting is between a folded position in which the two arches 51 and 52 are substantially in the same plane and an extended position in which the two arches are in orthogonal planes.

Une telle disposition permet de replier le réflecteur.Such an arrangement makes it possible to fold the reflector.

Le réflecteur 50 comporte six sommets. Deux sommets sont liés aux articulations, chacun des quatre autres sommets est lié à un arceau au niveau d'une partie médiane de celui ci.The reflector 50 has six vertices. Two vertices are linked to the articulations, each of the four other vertices is linked to an arch at the level of a median part of this one.

Sur les figures 6a, 6b et 6c on a illustré une méthode de pliage d'un arceau. Pour la clarté de la figure un seul arceau 51 est représenté avec ses anneaux 56 et le réflecteur 50 n'est pas non plus représenté.On the Figures 6a, 6b and 6c a method of folding an arch has been illustrated. For clarity of the figure a single hoop 51 is shown with its rings 56 and the reflector 50 is not shown either.

Concrètement le deuxième arceau 52, qui est articulé sur le premier arceau 51 sensiblement au niveau des anneaux 56 positionnés sur l'axe 58, est rabattu avant pliage sur l'arceau 51 de façon à se trouver dans le même plan que celui ci. La souplesse du réflecteur 50 autorise un tel pivotement des arceaux.Concretely the second arch 52, which is articulated on the first hoop 51 substantially at the level of the rings 56 positioned on the axis 58, is folded before folding on the hoop 51 so as to be in the same plane as that ci. The flexibility of the reflector 50 allows such pivoting of the arches.

Le mouvement de pliage qui va être décrit ci dessous s'applique donc simultanément aux deux arceaux qui se situent dans le même plan et dont les formes circulaires sont pratiquement superposées.The folding movement that will be described below therefore applies simultaneously to the two arches that are in the same plane and whose circular shapes are almost superimposed.

On commence lors d'une première phases (figure 6a) par tordre suivant la flèche F1 manuellement les deux arceaux autour de l'axe délimité par le segment AB, A étant le point auquel la torsion est appliquée et B le point fixe. On obtient alors deux boucles comme représenté sur la figure 6b.We start during a first phase ( figure 6a ) by twisting along the arrow F1 manually the two arches around the axis delimited by the segment AB, A being the point at which the twist is applied and B the fixed point. We then obtain two loops as represented on the figure 6b .

Puis au cours d'une deuxième phase (figure 6b) on effectue une seconde torsion de sens inverse autour du point B (flèche F2), le point A restant fixe, tout en rapprochant les points A et B l'un de l'autre (flèches F3, F4). Pour cette deuxième phase on pourrait alternativement (mais moins commodément) poursuivre le mouvement de torsion du point A d'un autre demi tour, le point B restant fixe.Then in a second phase ( figure 6b ) a second twist is made in the opposite direction around the point B (arrow F2), the point A remaining fixed, while bringing the points A and B closer to each other (arrows F3, F4). For this second phase one could alternatively (but less conveniently) continue the torsion movement of the point A of another half turn, the point B remaining fixed.

Après une torsion d'un demi-tour autour de chaque point A et B, et comme suite à l'élasticité du matériau des arceaux, on obtient une boucle supplémentaire qui s'introduit dans les autres boucles comme représenté sur la figure 6c.After a twist of a half turn around each point A and B, and as a result of the elasticity of the material of the hoops, an additional loop is obtained which is introduced into the other loops as shown in FIG. Figure 6c .

Le diamètre final des boucles est sensiblement inférieur de moitié à celui de l'arceau déployé. Ainsi, un arceau de diamètre initial 36 cm présente un diamètre final de l'ordre de 15 cm en position repliée. La souplesse du matériau formant le réflecteur autorise un tel pliage.The final diameter of the loops is substantially less than half that of the deployed arch. Thus, a roll of initial diameter 36 cm has a final diameter of about 15 cm in the folded position. The flexibility of the material forming the reflector allows such folding.

L'équilibre des arceaux 51 et 52 ainsi repliés est instable et un simple choc suffit à entraîner leur déploiement donc celui du réflecteur 50.The balance of the hoops 51 and 52 thus folded is unstable and a simple shock enough to cause their deployment so that of the reflector 50.

Une fois le leurre replié, on obtient une galette dont l'épaisseur est environ celle des arceaux soit 3 mm par exemple pour un diamètre de l'ordre de 150 mm. Le réflecteur 50 étant réalisé à partir d'un matériau souple, il est totalement compressible. Les dimensions du réflecteur 50, donc de l'ensemble du leurre sont choisies par l'Homme du Métier en fonction de la surface équivalente radar à obtenir.Once the lure folded, one obtains a wafer whose thickness is about that of the arches is 3 mm for example for a diameter of about 150 mm. Reflector 50 being made from a flexible material, it is totally compressible. The dimensions of the reflector 50, therefore the entire decoy are chosen by the skilled person depending on the radar cross-section to obtain.

Un tel leurre est décrit en détail dans la demande de brevet FR02/00783 déposée le 21/01/2002 .Such a lure is described in detail in the patent application FR02 / 00783 filed on 21/01/2002 .

On pourrait alternativement utiliser d'autres réflecteurs déployables tels que ceux décrits par les brevets US4503101 , EP148635 , FR2717951 ou GB2187892 .Alternatively, other deployable reflectors such as those described by US Pat. US4503101 , EP148635 , FR2717951 or GB2187892 .

Le fonctionnement de la munition est le suivant.The operation of the ammunition is as follows.

Lorsque les moyens de détection portés par le véhicule ou la plate forme détectent l'approche d'une menace, les moyens de commande provoquent l'initiation de l'allumeur 18 qui initie la charge d'éjection 17. Dans le même temps le retard de l'inflammateur 31 est initié.When the detection means carried by the vehicle or the platform detect the approach of a threat, the control means cause the initiation of the igniter 18 which initiates the ejection charge 17. At the same time the delay of the igniter 31 is initiated.

La pression des gaz engendrés par la charge d'éjection 17 pousse le piston 19 qui provoque, par l'intermédiaire de l'étui 20, le cisaillement des goupilles retenant le couvercle et l'éjection de ce dernier.The pressure of the gases generated by the ejection charge 17 pushes the piston 19 which causes, by means of the case 20, the shearing of the pins holding the cover and the ejection thereof.

L'étui 20 et son contenu se trouve donc éjecté hors de l'enveloppe 12. Les deux demi coquilles 20a, 20b de l'étui se séparent à l'extérieur de l'enveloppe libérant ainsi le contenu.The case 20 and its contents are thus ejected out of the envelope 12. The two half-shells 20a, 20b of the case separate on the outside of the casing thus releasing the contents.

A l'issue du retard pyrotechnique prévu, l'inflammateur 31 initie la cane de dispersion 30. L'effet radial de celle ci provoque la dispersion simultanée des fibres des galettes 29 ainsi que de la poudre métallique 28. Il en résulte un nuage de masquage 7 efficace à la fois dans le domaine millimétrique et dans le domaine infrarouge.At the end of the expected pyrotechnic delay, the igniter 31 initiates the dispersion cane 30. The radial effect of this latter causes the simultaneous dispersion of the fibers of the slabs 29 as well as the metallic powder 28. This results in a cloud of masking 7 effective both in the millimeter domain and in the infrared range.

Les leurres 26 sont également dispersés et le choc résultant du tir provoque leur déploiement automatique. La charge d'éjection, le retard pyrotechnique d'initiation de la cane et la masse des leurres seront dimensionnés par l'Homme du Métier de façon à assurer un positionnement des leurres 8 en avant du nuage de masquage 7. A titre de variante il est bien entendu possible de donner une structure différente au moyen de masquage 25.The lures 26 are also dispersed and the shock resulting from the shooting causes their automatic deployment. The ejection charge, the pyrotechnic initiation delay of the cane and the mass of the decoys will be dimensioned by the skilled person to ensure positioning of the decoys 8 in front of the masking cloud 7. As a variant it is of course possible to give a different structure by means of masking 25.

La figure 4b montre ainsi un moyen de masquage constitué uniquement de galettes de fibres conductrices 29 (par exemple de fibres de carbone ou de fibres de verre aluminisées) dispersable par la cane explosive 30. Ce moyen de masquage est efficace uniquement dans le domaine millimétrique (fibres ayant une longueur comprise entre 3 et 6 mm) . Un procédé de réalisation de telles galettes de fibres est décrit dans la demande de brevet FR2797044 .The figure 4b thus shows a masking means consisting solely of slabs of conductive fibers 29 (for example of carbon fibers or aluminized glass fibers) dispersible by the explosive rod 30. This masking means is effective only in the millimetric range (fibers having a length between 3 and 6 mm). A method of making such fiber wafers is described in the patent application FR2797044 .

La figure 4c montre un moyen de masquage constitué uniquement d'un bloc 28 de poudre métallique, par exemple d'aluminium, de bronze ou de laiton dispersable par la cane explosive 30. Ce moyen de masquage est efficace uniquement dans le domaine infrarouge.The figure 4c shows a masking means consisting solely of a block 28 of metal powder, for example aluminum, bronze or dispersible brass by the explosive rod 30. This masking means is effective only in the infrared range.

La figure 3 montre une munition 11 selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.The figure 3 shows a munition 11 according to a second embodiment of the invention.

Ce mode diffère du précédent en ce que le moyen de masquage 25 est disposé au contact du piston d'éjection 19 tandis que le moyen de leurrage est disposé au voisinage du couvercle 22.This mode differs from the previous one in that the masking means 25 is disposed in contact with the ejector piston 19 while the decoying means is disposed in the vicinity of the cover 22.

Une telle disposition permet d'assurer de façon certaine le positionnement des leurres 8 en avant du nuage 7 et cela quel que soit le nombre de leurres et la masse de poudre et/ou de galettes de fibres mise en oeuvreSuch an arrangement makes it possible to ensure certain positioning of the lures 8 in front of the cloud 7 and this regardless of the number of decoys and the mass of powder and / or fiber slabs implemented

Il permet également de faciliter l'initiation de la cane de dispersion 30. Une composition pyrotechnique à retard et l'inflammateur 31 pouvant être mis en placé directement dans une cavité du piston 19 de façon à pouvoir être initiés par la charge d'éjection 17.It also facilitates the initiation of the dispersion nozzle 30. A delay pyrotechnic composition and the igniter 31 can be placed directly in a cavity of the piston 19 so as to be initiated by the ejection charge 17 .

La figure 7 montre une munition selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention.The figure 7 shows a munition according to a third embodiment of the invention.

Suivant ce mode, la munition 11 comprend une première enveloppe 34 qui renferme le moyen de masquage 25 qui pourra avoir une structure selon l'une quelconque des figures 4a à 4c. La munition 11 comprend également une deuxième enveloppe 33 qui renferme les moyens de leurrage millimétrique, sous la forme d'un empilement de leurres 26, repliés et séparés par des rondelles 32, en carton ou en matière plastique.According to this mode, the munition 11 comprises a first envelope 34 which encloses the masking means 25 which may have a structure according to any one of the Figures 4a to 4c . The munition 11 also comprises a second envelope 33 which encloses the decoy millimeter means, in the form of a stack of lures 26, folded and separated by washers 32, cardboard or plastic.

Les deux enveloppes 33 et 34 sont liées l'une à l'autre par un moyen de solidarisation, qui est ici constitué par une liaison filetée 38. L'extrémité de la première enveloppe 34 porte un filetage sur lequel se visse un taraudage aménagé sur la deuxième enveloppe 33.The two shells 33 and 34 are connected to each other by a securing means, which here consists of a threaded connection 38. The end of the first casing 34 carries a thread on which is screwed a tapping arranged on the second envelope 33.

Un deuxième piston 37 est disposé dans la deuxième enveloppe 33. Il est en appui contre un lamage interne de la deuxième enveloppe et vient s'appliquer contre l'extrémité de la première enveloppe 34 lors du vissage de la deuxième enveloppe 33. Il se trouve notamment en appui contre l'extrémité de l'étui 20.A second piston 37 is disposed in the second casing 33. It bears against an internal counterbore of the second casing and is pressed against the end of the first casing 34 during screwing of the second casing 33. in particular against the end of the case 20.

La première enveloppe 34 est obturée, avant fixation de la deuxième enveloppe 33, par une cale 36 qui est par exemple collée à l'étui 20.The first envelope 34 is closed, before fixing the second envelope 33, by a wedge 36 which is for example glued to the case 20.

La deuxième enveloppe 33 a une section supérieure à celle de la première enveloppe. Elle renferme un étui 35 formé de deux demi coquilles 35a et 35b. Cet étui 35 est interposé entre le deuxième piston 37 et le couvercle 22.The second envelope 33 has a section greater than that of the first envelope. It encloses a case 35 formed of two half-shells 35a and 35b. This case 35 is interposed between the second piston 37 and the cover 22.

Lors de l'initiation de l'allumeur 18, la pression des gaz de la charge d'éjection 17 pousse le piston 19. Celui ci exerce sa poussée sur le deuxième piston 37 par l'intermédiaire de l'étui 20. Le deuxième piston 37 pousse le couvercle 22 par l'intermédiaire du deuxième étui 35, provoquant ainsi le cisaillement des goupilles de maintien.At the initiation of the igniter 18, the gas pressure of the ejection charge 17 pushes the piston 19. The latter exerts its thrust on the second piston 37 via the holster 20. The second piston 37 pushes the cover 22 through the second case 35, thereby causing the shear pins to shear.

Le mode de dispersion est ainsi identique à celui de la munition selon la figure 3.The dispersion mode is thus identical to that of the ammunition according to the figure 3 .

Ce mode de réalisation présente pour avantage d'autoriser la mise en place de leurres de diamètre plus important.This embodiment has the advantage of allowing the introduction of lures larger diameter.

Le moyen de solidarisation des deux enveloppes 33 et 34 étant démontable, ce mode de réalisation permet, selon les besoins opérationnels, de mettre en oeuvre des munitions n'assurant qu'une fonction de masquage (on n'utilisera alors que la première enveloppe 34).As the securing means of the two envelopes 33 and 34 are removable, this embodiment makes it possible, according to the operational requirements, to use ammunition providing only a masking function (only the first envelope 34 will then be used). ).

On pourra en cas de besoin, et éventuellement directement sur le terrain, visser la deuxième enveloppe 33 à la première enveloppe,34 pour réaliser des munitions assurant masquage et leurrage.It will be possible in case of need, and possibly directly in the field, screw the second envelope 33 to the first envelope, 34 to achieve ammunition ensuring masking and decoy.

Les figures 8a et 8b montrent une munition selon un quatrième mode de réalisation de l'invention.The Figures 8a and 8b show a munition according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.

Ce mode de réalisation diffère des précédents en ce que le moyen de masquage 25 et les moyens de leurrage 26 se trouvent disposés longitudinalement l'un à côté de l'autre et de part et d'autre d'un axe 39 de l'enveloppe.This embodiment differs from the previous ones in that the masking means 25 and the decoying means 26 are arranged longitudinally one beside the other and on either side of an axis 39 of the envelope. .

Selon ce mode de réalisation, l'enveloppe 12 a une section rectangulaire. L'étui interne 20 est partagé en deux demi coquilles 20a et 20b et il a lui aussi une section rectangulaire.According to this embodiment, the envelope 12 has a rectangular section. The inner case 20 is divided into two half-shells 20a and 20b and it also has a rectangular section.

La cavité interne délimitée par l'étui 20 est partagée longitudinalement en deux compartiments 41,42 séparés par une cloison longitudinale 40.The internal cavity delimited by the case 20 is divided longitudinally into two compartments 41, 42 separated by a longitudinal partition 40.

Le compartiment supérieur 41 reçoit le moyen de masquage qui pourra avoir une structure selon l'une quelconque des figures 4a à 4c.The upper compartment 41 receives the masking means which may have a structure according to any one of the Figures 4a to 4c .

Une cane de dispersion 30 traverse longitudinalement ce compartiment et elle est initiée par un inflammateur 31 porté par le piston 19 et incorporant un retard pyrotechnique.A dispersion nozzle 30 passes longitudinally through this compartment and is initiated by an igniter 31 carried by the piston 19 and incorporating a pyrotechnic delay.

Le compartiment inférieur 42 renferme les leurres 26 séparés par des cales 32.The lower compartment 42 contains the lures 26 separated by spacers 32.

Du fait de la forme prismatique du compartiment 32, il est possible de disposer plusieurs empilements de leurres 26 disposés les uns à côté des autres. Suivant l'exemple des figures 8a, 8b, deux empilements sont représentés séparés par une cale 43.Because of the prismatic shape of the compartment 32, it is possible to have several stacks of lures 26 arranged next to each other. Following the example of Figures 8a, 8b two stacks are shown separated by a shim 43.

Le mode de fonctionnement de cette munition est le suivant.The mode of operation of this ammunition is as follows.

Comme dans les modes précédents la pression des gaz de la charge d'éjection pousse le piston 19, qui constitue un premier moyen de dispersion, et qui éjecte le couvercle 22 par l'intermédiaire de l'étui 20. Le moyen de masquage est éjecté en même temps que les moyens de leurrage hors de l'enveloppe 12. La cane de dispersion est initiée avec un retard inférieur à la seconde (de 0,5 à 0,8 millisecondes par exemple) et assure la dispersion de la poudre et/ou des fibres et la création du nuage de masquage 7.As in the previous modes, the gas pressure of the ejection charge pushes the piston 19, which constitutes a first dispersing means, and ejects the lid 22 via the holster 20. The masking means is ejected at the same time as the means of decoying out of the envelope 12. The dispersion cane is initiated with a delay of less than one second (from 0.5 to 0.8 milliseconds for example) and ensures the dispersion of the powder and or fibers and the creation of the masking cloud 7.

Dans le même temps les leurres 26, éjectés hors de l'enveloppe 12, se déploient automatiquement pour assurer leur fonction de leurrage.At the same time the lures 26, ejected from the envelope 12, unfold automatically to ensure their decoy function.

Une telle munition est disposée sur un lanceur ayant une géométrie adaptée et elle est orientée de telle sorte que la cloison 40 définisse un plan perpendiculaire à un plan vertical. Le compartiment supérieur renfermant le moyen de masquage se trouve alors orienté du côté du ciel tandis que le compartiment inférieur renfermant les leurres se trouve orienté du côté du sol.Such ammunition is disposed on a launcher having a suitable geometry and is oriented so that the partition 40 defines a plane perpendicular to a vertical plane. The upper compartment enclosing the masking means is then oriented towards the sky while the lower compartment containing the lures is oriented towards the ground.

Un avantage de ce mode de réalisation est qu'il autorise une simultanéité du déploiement des leurres et du nuage.An advantage of this embodiment is that it allows simultaneous deployment of decoys and the cloud.

Un autre avantage est que les leurres se trouvent dispersés rapidement vers le sol. Ils assurent donc l'attraction de la menace suivant une trajectoire plongeante qui est plus favorable à la protection du véhicule ou de la structure.Another advantage is that the decoys are dispersed quickly to the ground. They thus ensure the attraction of the threat following a plunging trajectory that is more favorable to the protection of the vehicle or the structure.

Ce mode de réalisation est plus particulièrement adapté à une protection du toit des véhicules, le nuage de poudre de masquage pouvant être dispersé verticalement vers le haut.This embodiment is more particularly adapted to a protection of the vehicle roof, the cloud of masking powder being dispersible vertically upwards.

Suivant une variante de réalisation on pourra prévoir un deuxième moyen de dispersion qui assure un écartement rapide du moyen de masquage et du moyen de leurrage une fois ces derniers éjectés hors de l'enveloppe 12.According to an alternative embodiment may be provided a second dispersing means which ensures a rapid spacing of the masking means and the decoy means once the latter ejected from the envelope 12.

On pourra par exemple prévoir au moins un ressort disposé au niveau de la cloison 40, donc interposé entre les moyens de leurrage et les moyens de masquage.For example, it is possible to provide at least one spring disposed at the level of the partition 40, thus interposed between the decoying means and the masking means.

Ce ressort aura pour effet d'écarter les leurres des moyens de masquage dès la sortie de ces derniers hors de l'enveloppe 12. On pourra également prévoir un autre ressort au niveau de la cloison 43. Celui ci aura pour effet de faciliter l'écartement relatif des leurres et leur donnera une impulsion supplémentaire facilitant leur déploiement.This spring will have the effect of removing the lures masking means from the output of the latter outside the envelope 12. It may also provide another spring at the wall 43. This will have the effect of facilitating the relative spacing of the lures and give them an additional impetus facilitating their deployment.

Claims (14)

  1. A protection device (3) for a vehicle or fixed platform against a threat (2), comprising means to ensure the deployment of at least one means to enable the formation of a cloud (7) in order to mask the vehicle or platform in the infrared and/or millimetric domain and at least one means (8) to decoy the threat in the millimetric domain, the deployment means ensuring the positioning of the decoy means (8) between the masking cloud (7) and the threat (2).
  2. A protection device according to Claim 1, wherein the masking means comprise carbon fibres.
  3. A protection device according to Claims 1 or 2, wherein the decoy means comprise at least one deployable reflector (8).
  4. Protection ammunition (11) implemented in a protective device according to one of the above Claims, ammunition wherein it comprises a casing (12) enclosing at least one masking means (25) in the infrared and/or millimetric domain, at least one decoy means (26) in the millimetric domain and at least one means (19) of dispersal.
  5. Protection ammunition according to Claim 4, wherein the masking means (25) and the decoy means (26) are arranged axially one behind the other in the casing (12).
  6. Protection ammunition according to Claim 4, wherein the masking means (25) and the decoy means (26) are arranged longitudinally next to one another on either side of an axis of the casing (12).
  7. Protection ammunition according to one of Claims 5 or 6, wherein it comprises first dispersal means comprising a piston (19)pushed by ejection means (17) and pushing the decoy means (26) and masking means (25) out of the casing (12).
  8. Protection ammunition according to Claim 7, wherein it comprises second dispersal means ensuring the distancing o the masking means (25) and the decoy means (26) once these have been ejected out of the casing (12).
  9. Protection means according to Claim 8, wherein the second dispersal means comprise at least one spring positioned between the decoy means (26) and the masking means (25).
  10. Protection ammunition implemented in a protection device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, ammunition wherein it comprises a first casing (34) enclosing at least one masking means (25) in the infrared and/or millimetric domain and a second casing (33) enclosing at least one decoy means (26) in the millimetric domain, both casings being linked to one another by joining means (38).
  11. Protection ammunition according to Claim 10, wherein the second casing 33) has a section that is different to that of the first casing (34).
  12. Protection ammunition according to one of Claims 4 to 11, wherein the masking means (25) comprise a stack of at least two carbon fibre discs (29).
  13. Protection ammunition according to one of Claims 4 to 12, wherein the masking means (25) comprise a metallic or organic powder (28).
  14. Protection ammunition according to one of Claims 4 to 13, wherein the decoy means (26) comprise at least one self-deployable reflector (50).
EP03291311.3A 2002-06-12 2003-06-02 Device and ammunition for the protection of a vehicle or platform against threats Revoked EP1371935B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0207231 2002-06-12
FR0207231A FR2840977B1 (en) 2002-06-12 2002-06-12 DEVICE AND MUNITION FOR PROTECTING A VEHICLE OR A FIXED PLATFORM AGAINST A THREAT

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EP1371935B1 true EP1371935B1 (en) 2016-01-13

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DE102007019105A1 (en) * 2007-04-23 2008-10-30 Langenhan, Thorsten Object protection system e.g. for military encampment, has an alarm system and observation system with single breech-block weapon with interception shot/missile
DE102019117801A1 (en) 2019-07-02 2021-01-07 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Decoy, system and method for protecting an object

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FR2840977A1 (en) 2003-12-19
EP1371935A1 (en) 2003-12-17

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