EP2962060B1 - Munition with modifiable explosive capability - Google Patents
Munition with modifiable explosive capability Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2962060B1 EP2962060B1 EP14713194.0A EP14713194A EP2962060B1 EP 2962060 B1 EP2962060 B1 EP 2962060B1 EP 14713194 A EP14713194 A EP 14713194A EP 2962060 B1 EP2962060 B1 EP 2962060B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- munition
- selector
- explosive
- explosive charge
- detonating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims description 125
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 35
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001080024 Telles Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000273930 Brevoortia tyrannus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000032369 Primary transmission Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032370 Secondary transmission Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
- F42B12/207—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by the explosive material or the construction of the high explosive warhead, e.g. insensitive ammunition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
- F42B12/208—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by a plurality of charges within a single high explosive warhead
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B25/00—Fall bombs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C14/00—Mechanical fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type
- F42C14/06—Mechanical fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type for fall bombs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/0807—Primers; Detonators characterised by the particular configuration of the transmission channels from the priming energy source to the charge to be ignited, e.g. multiple channels, nozzles, diaphragms or filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/0838—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the explosive charge in a warhead
- F42C19/0842—Arrangements of a multiplicity of primers or detonators, dispersed within a warhead, for multiple mode selection
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ammunition, in particular a bomb and more particularly an aerial bomb.
- the present invention relates to a munition of the type comprising a body extending in an axial direction and housing at least a first and a second explosive charge and a firing device.
- the present invention relates to a modular explosive power ammunition.
- the term "ammunition with adjustable explosive power” means a munition capable of generating a predetermined non-zero power detonation P1 in at least one first mode of operation and generating, in a second mode of operation, a power detonation P2. non-zero and different from P1, each power P1 and P2 being estimated for example by its equivalent TNT.
- a munition of the aforementioned type is generally intended to be connected to a transport platform, including an aircraft. It is then an air weapon used to precisely reach ground targets such as bunkers, armored vehicles, etc.
- a munition for example, comprising two explosive charges arranged coaxially and connected respectively to a firing device.
- the controlled ignition of one or both firing devices can detonate either one or both explosive charges, and thus control the explosive power of the ammunition.
- a disadvantage of such a munition is that two firing devices must be managed, but most existing arming devices do not allow it.
- an ammunition comprising a plurality of stacked annular charges defining a central channel in which is housed a cylinder provided with vents, housing a firing device.
- the charges are initiated selectively by rotating the cylinder to allow the passage of the gases generated by the firing device to the selected charge (s).
- the presence of a central channel housing the firing device limits the filling rate of the ammunition by the active ingredient, and makes the manufacture of the ammunition more complex.
- the skilled person is always looking for a munition, including an air munition, allowing easy adjustment of its explosive power.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a new munition fulfilling these conditions.
- a modular explosive power ammunition comprising a body extending in an axial direction and housing at least a first and a second explosive charge and a firing device, said ammunition being characterized in that it further comprises a selector provided with a detonating part and adapted to move between at least a first and a second position, the selector being configured so that its detonating part couples the firing device to the first explosive charge in said first position and the second explosive charge in said second position, one of the first and second explosive charges not being coupled to the firing device in at least one of the first and second position.
- the firing device is adapted to be coupled to each explosive charge via the detonating part of the selector which forms a priming relay.
- charge is understood to mean a pyrotechnic charge, which is generally in the form of a block.
- the selector being mobile its detonating part may, depending on its position, come to couple the firing device to one or other of the explosive charges or, in some operating modes, to both, so that the power of detonation of the ammunition is flexible.
- the armourer can select the power of the ammunition by a simple action on the selector during its installation (that is to say at the assembly) and / or after its implementation during the operational implementation of the ammunition according to the intended target.
- the position of the selector during assembly is or is not predetermined (default setting or not). But regardless of its initial position after assembly, the selector can be moved before use to adapt the explosive power of the ammunition if necessary.
- the munition comprises a drive system for connecting the selector to a movable actuating element forming part of the outer shell of the munition, the displacement of said actuating element causing the moving the selector.
- the drive system may comprise, for example, a rod.
- the selector When the selector is in its first position, and the firing device is actuated, the detonation is transmitted to the first explosive charge via the detonating part of the selector.
- the munition according to the invention therefore requires only one trigger control means, ie a single firing device, to trigger the various explosive charges it houses.
- the detonating part of the selector is indirectly coupled to one or the other explosive charge.
- the ammunition comprises at least one primary pyrotechnic transmission unit coupling the first explosive charge to the selector.
- the munition also comprises at least one secondary pyrotechnic transmission unit coupling the second explosive charge to the selector.
- the pyrotechnic transmission units connected respectively to the first and the second explosive charge may for example be radially opposite, that is to say located on either side of the main axis of the ammunition.
- the detonating portion of the selector is coupled (either directly or via one or more pyrotechnic transmission units) to both the first and second explosive charges in one of the first and second positions.
- the selector will trigger the two explosive charges and the detonation power may correspond, when the selector is in said position, to the sum of the powers of the two explosive charges.
- the selector In its other position, the selector will only trigger one of the two charges.
- the detonator portion of the selector is unable to simultaneously couple the firing device to the first and second explosive charges.
- the detonation of one of the explosive charges results either by direct influence (especially if the explosive power of the charge is significant), or by means of one or more transmission units. pyrotechnic, the priming of the other explosive charge.
- the munition according to the invention makes it possible, at the very least, to generate a non-zero predetermined power explosion P1 in at least one first mode of operation (selector in a first position) and to generate, in a second mode of operation (selector in a second position), a power explosion P2 non-zero and different from P1.
- the first and second explosive charges are configured such that at least one of the two charges can detonate without detonating the second.
- this will be made possible by adapting the explosive power of each load.
- Parameters for modulating this explosive power are for example the nature of the load, its dimensions, its shape, its intrinsic performance, its critical dimensions, and its sensitivity to intense shocks.
- the first and second explosive charges are separated by a first non-detonating intermediate element.
- the first non-detonating intermediate element may in particular be an inert filler (that is to say a non-pyrotechnic filler) or an energetic but non-detonating charge (ie a charge capable of releasing energy by live combustion or explosion).
- an inert filler that is to say a non-pyrotechnic filler
- an energetic but non-detonating charge ie a charge capable of releasing energy by live combustion or explosion
- the firing device is separated from the second explosive charge by a second non-detonating intermediate element.
- the second non-detonating intermediate element may especially be an inert filler or an energetic but non-detonating filler.
- front end of the ammunition means that oriented in the direction of movement of said munition, and the rear end, its opposite end in the axial direction.
- the firing device is disposed at one end of the munition, in particular at its rear end.
- the firing device and the explosive charges are arranged one after the other in the axial direction of the munition.
- the first explosive charge is disposed in the vicinity of the front end of the munition, and the second explosive charge is disposed axially between the firing device and the first explosive charge.
- the blast effect and the splinters resulting from the detonation are favorably directed forward, that is to say towards the target, and the collateral effects. towards the rear of the ammunition are considerably reduced.
- This is particularly advantageous in cases where the targets are positioned in urban areas. In these cases, it is indeed desirable not only to reduce the explosive power of the munition, but also to limit its possible collateral effects, by directing the blast effect as well as the splinters generated by its detonation, towards the targeted targets .
- the selector is configured in such a way that its detonating part couples the firing device to only one explosive charge at a time.
- the selector is configured such that, in at least one of the first and second positions, its detonating portion couples the firing device to both the first and second explosive charges.
- the selector is a rotary element of which a first angular sector constitutes the detonating part and a second angular sector is formed in a non-detonating material.
- the angular sector constituting the detonating part extends over an angle of less than 180 °, preferably between 30 and 150 °, more preferably between 60 and 120 °.
- the angular sector constituting the detonating part extends over an angle at least equal to 180 °, preferably between 210 and 330 °, more preferably between 240 and 300 °.
- the selector is for example a rotating ring.
- the firing device is disposed in the interior space delimited by the inner wall of the ring forming the selector.
- an axial direction is a direction parallel to the main axis of the munition.
- a radial direction is a direction perpendicular to the main axis and intersecting this axis.
- the adjectives and adverbs axial, radial, axially and radially are used with reference to the aforementioned axial and radial directions.
- an axial plane is a plane containing the main axis of the munition and a radial plane is a plane perpendicular to this axis.
- an axial section is a section defined in an axial plane, and a radial section is a section defined in a radial plane.
- the inner and outer adjectives are used with reference to a radial direction so that the inner part (or radially inner side) of an element is closer to the main axis than the part or the external (ie radially external) face of the same element.
- the term "pyrotechnic transmission unit” means any element capable of propagating a detonation, in particular from the detonating part of the selector to an explosive charge, said elements being placed at a distance from one another.
- the pyrotechnic transmission unit generally comprises a pyrotechnic extender, for connecting the selector to the explosive charge concerned.
- pyrotechnic extender means any element adapted to transmit a detonation wave, initially resulting from the firing device, without modifying said detonation wave, and in particular its surface amplitude, intensity (or power), or its shape.
- a pyrotechnic extender is an elongated member, that is to say longer than wide, rigid or flexible, of substantially constant section.
- the pyrotechnic extender comprises an explosive compound of homogeneous composition, identical or different from that of the explosive charge. More preferably, the pyrotechnic extender comprises a single explosive compound of homogeneous composition, especially monolithic. Even more preferably, the pyrotechnic transmission unit comprises a single explosive compound of homogeneous composition, preferably monolithic.
- the pyrotechnic extender has a maximum radial dimension substantially less than the maximum diameter of the munition, preferably at least 5 times smaller than this diameter, and even more preferably at least 20 times smaller than this diameter.
- a pyrotechnic transmission unit comprises a rigid or flexible tube, rectilinear or not, containing an explosive compound.
- a pyrotechnic transmission unit may in particular comprise a flexible detonating cord as described in the patent application. WO9104235 .
- the pyrotechnic transmission unit may also comprise a tube comprising a granular explosive charge (of the RDX or HMX type) or a compressed explosive (of the hexocire type) or a cross-linked binder composite explosive (of the HMX or RDX / polyurethane binder type) .
- the tube may be plastic or metal.
- the pyrotechnic transmission unit comprises a rigid bead of any shape made of an explosive compound, said bead can be naked or covered with a linker.
- the pyrotechnic transmission unit further comprises a first ignition relay coupling said pyrotechnic extension to the corresponding explosive charge.
- the term "priming relay” in English “booster” any boot device adapted to transmit a detonation wave by modifying the surface amplitude and / or the intensity and / or the shape of this wave.
- the priming relay may be used to increase the surface of the detonation wave transmitted to the explosive charge when the pyrotechnic extender has a diameter smaller than the critical diameter of the explosive charge (ie the diameter below which the detonation the charge can not take place).
- the priming relay will then have a flared shape in the direction of the explosive charge, its maximum diameter being greater than the critical diameter of said load.
- FIG. 1 there is shown a munition 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention, comprising an elongate body 12 of axis A-A '.
- the front of the ammunition 10 corresponds to its side directed in the direction of movement (ie towards the target), and that the rear of the ammunition corresponds to its opposite side in the direction of the target. direction of the axis A-A '.
- the body 12 is tapered at its front end 12a.
- this functional element is disposed inside a front receiving sheath 18a, sized to close a front opening of the body.
- a firing device 16 is located in the vicinity of the rear end 12b of the body 12.
- the firing device 16 is inserted inside a receiving sheath 18b provided for in FIG. rear end 12b of the body 12 (hereinafter rear sheath).
- the rear end 12b of the bomb body 12 is closed by a closure device 17, which, in the example, holds in position the rear sheath 18b.
- the functional element 14 and the firing device 16 are both powered by a power supply element (not shown) located outside the body 12, and this, via electrical conduits 20, 22.
- the power supply member is for example a wind turbine, in particular a wind turbine mounted on the body of the munition, outside of it.
- the munition 10 further comprises two anchor wells 24 formed in the body 12, and for its connection to a platform of carriage of the aircraft, the helicopter or the drone on which the ammunition 10 is for example mounted.
- the wells 24 may in particular be intended to receive rings for suspending the ammunition 10 at the loading platform.
- the body 12 houses successively: a first explosive charge 31 which fills a first front space of the munition 10, delimited by the inner wall of the body 12 and the sheath before 18a, a first non-detonating intermediate element 41, a second explosive charge 32, a second non-detonating intermediate element 42, and the firing device 16.
- each explosive charge 31, 32 consists of a solid block. Each charge thus extends substantially over a whole diameter of the body 12.
- the first and second explosive charges 31, 32 may for example consist of a composite explosive, especially based on aluminum (Al), hexogen (RDX) and a polyurethane binder.
- Al aluminum
- RDX hexogen
- polyurethane binder An example of a composition that can be used is that referenced PBXN-109. Any other suitable composition may, however, be suitable.
- the explosive charges of the ammunition may have compositions that are identical or different.
- the first and second non-detonating intermediate elements 41, 42 are inert or non-detonating energy charges here.
- fillers may have similar or different compositions.
- a plastic material especially a polyurethane matrix material comprising a mineral filler, is an example of a suitable composition.
- the first and the second explosive charge 31, 32 respectively fill a quarter and a half of the interior space of the ammunition body.
- the firing device 16 is surrounded by a selector 50, here having the shape of a rotary ring, said selector 50 being itself surrounded by the second non-detonating charge 42.
- the selector 50 comprises at least one part 52 consisting of an explosive material, able to propagate a detonation coming from the firing device 16.
- the selector 50 is also adapted to pivot about the axis A-A 'of the body 12 of ammunition 10 to couple the detonating part 52 with the desired explosive charge (s), and thus modulate the explosive power of the ammunition as required.
- each explosive charge 31, 32 is connected pyrotechnically (i.e. coupled) to the selector 50 via at least one pyrotechnic transmission unit 61, 62.
- a pyrotechnic transmission unit 61 coupling the first explosive charge 31 to the selector 50 is called a primary pyrotechnic transmission unit. It crosses here a portion of the second intermediate element 42.
- a pyrotechnic transmission unit 62 coupling the second explosive charge 32 to the selector 50 is called a secondary pyrotechnic transmission unit. It passes through here a portion of the second intermediate element 42, the second explosive charge 32 and the first intermediate element 41.
- a single primary transmission unit 61 and a single secondary transmission unit 62 are provided.
- the primary pyrotechnic transmission units 61 and secondary 62 are here arranged symmetrically on either side of the axis A-A 'and each extend parallel to this axis.
- the primary pyrotechnic transmission unit 61 comprises, in the example, a pyrotechnic extender 64 connected directly to the selector 50, and a priming relay 66 connected to the first explosive charge 31.
- the pyrotechnic extender 64 passes through the second non-detonating charge 42, the second explosive charge 32, and the first non-detonating charge 41.
- the primary pyrotechnic transmission unit and in particular the portion of said pyrotechnic transmission unit which is in contact with the second explosive charge (especially the pyrotechnic extender 64) is configured such that the propagation of an explosive wave in said unit does not initiate the second explosive charge.
- the second explosive charge because of its detonation initiation sensitivity (related to its nature, its dimensions, its shape, its intrinsic performances, its critical dimensions and its sensitivity to intense shocks ... ), is not likely to be initiated in detonation by the radial detonation effects of the pyrotechnic transmission unit, or at least its portion in contact with said second explosive charge.
- the pyrotechnic transmission unit may for example comprise an outer sheath, preferably extending around the entire periphery of the transmission unit, and in particular consisting of a inert material, surrounding the explosive material allowing the propagation of the detonation.
- the pyrotechnic extender 64 and the ignition relay 66 thus comprise an outer sheath made of metal or plastic, filled with an explosive compound making it possible to transmit the detonation of the firing device 16 to the explosive charge 31.
- the priming relay 66 has a frustoconical shape, flared towards its free end, which allows efficient transmission of the detonation from the firing device 16 to the explosive charge 31.
- At least one end of the pyrotechnic transmission unit 61 and in particular the priming relay 66 is embedded in the first explosive charge 31.
- the secondary pyrotechnic transmission unit 62 consists of an extension of constant section 68, of obviously much smaller length than that of the primary pyrotechnic transmission unit, and whose end is embedded in the second explosive charge 32.
- one or each pyrotechnic transmission unit can be separated from the corresponding explosive charge by a layer of inert material, in particular an inert material forming part of the non-detonating charge traversed by the transmission unit.
- the thickness of the layer of non-detonating material is sufficiently fine so that the detonation initiated by the firing device can propagate by influence from the pyrotechnic transmission unit to the corresponding explosive charge.
- the thickness of the layer of inert material does not exceed 30mm.
- the end of the pyrotechnic transmission unit in particular a priming relay forming this end can be connected to the explosive charge simply by being pressed against the free surface of said explosive charge.
- the end of the pyrotechnic transmission unit in particular a priming relay forming this end, can still be glued to the explosive charge by a layer of adhesive disposed between the surface of the explosive charge and a surface of the terminal relay, in particular its end surface, the section of which is here the largest.
- FIG. 1 An example of a selector 50 that can be used in the ammunition 10 of the figure 1 is illustrated on the figure 2 .
- the selector 50 is here a rotary ring consisting of a first angular sector 52 formed of an explosive material (hereinafter detonating part), and a second angular sector 54 formed of a non-detonating material, in particular an inert material (hereinafter non-detonating portion), the first angular sector extending over an angle less than 180 °, in particular between 30 and 150 °, and even more preferably between 90 and 120 ° (see figure 2 for example).
- the selector is secured to a closure plate 17 forming part of the outer shell of the munition, including its rear end.
- the selector and the plate 17 are secured, in the example, by rods 55.
- the action of the gunsmith on the plate 17 causes the simultaneous pivoting of the selector 50 about the axis A-A ', and thus the position adjustment of its detonating part 52.
- the plate 17 is illustrated in more detail on the Figures 6A and 6B , on which it appears that it comprises two oblong and curved lights 70.
- each pin 72 is arranged to abut against an end of its oblong slot when the selector 50 is in a determined angular position corresponding to a power setting of the munition, and to abut against the opposite end of the light when the selector 50 is in a second position corresponding to a different power setting.
- the gunsmith can thus easily know the setting of the power of the ammunition.
- the detonating part 52 of the selector 50 constitutes a priming relay, which increases the surface of the detonation wave coming from the firing device 16, to guarantee its good subsequent transmission to the pyrotechnic transmission unit 61 , 62 to which it is coupled.
- the selector 50 is illustrated in a position in which the detonating part 52 is angularly offset relative to each of the primary and secondary pyrotechnic transmission units 61, 62. In this position, the firing device 16 is not pyrotechnically coupled to any of the explosive charges 31, 32. The ammunition 10 is, so to speak, deactivated.
- the figure 3B illustrates the selector 50 in a position in which the detonating portion 52 is located opposite the primary pyrotechnic transmission unit 61.
- the two transmission units 61, 62 are opposed radially with respect to the axis AA 'and the angular sector the detonating part 52 of the selector is too limited for said detonating part 52 to be also pyrotechnically connected to the secondary pyrotechnic transmission unit 62.
- the propagation of the detonation wave through the primary pyrotechnic transmission unit 61 does not result in the detonation of the second explosive charge 32, for the reasons already mentioned above.
- the first explosive charge being disposed at the front of the ammunition, the blast effect and the fragments resulting from the detonation are directed in a privileged way forward, that is to say towards the target, and the effects collateral to the rear of the ammunition are considerably reduced.
- the figure 3C illustrates the selector 50 in a position in which its detonating part 52 is located opposite the secondary pyrotechnic transmission unit 62.
- the detonation of the second explosive charge is transmitted to the first explosive charge 31 either by direct influence or through the primary pyrotechnic transmission unit 61.
- This case corresponds to the detonation of the second explosive charge. all of the explosive charge contained in the munition 10, and therefore to the maximum effect of said munition.
- the figure 4 illustrates a selector 50 'according to another embodiment, which differs from that of the figure 2 in that the angular sector 52 of the rotary ring formed of explosive material extends over a angle greater than 180 °, preferably between 210 and 330 °, more preferably between 240 and 270 °.
- the active portion 52 of the selector 50 is defined to initiate, in a certain angular position, the two pyrotechnic transmission units 61, 62 at the same time.
- the selector is illustrated in a position in which the active portion 52 is coupled only to the primary pyrotechnic transmission unit. This configuration is quite similar to that of the figure 3B . If the firing device 16 is actuated, the selector 50 'transmits the detonation only to the first explosive charge 31. The blast effect and the splinters resulting from the detonation of the first charge are directed in a privileged manner to the first explosive charge. before, and collateral effects to the rear of the ammunition are reduced.
- the Figure 5B illustrates the selector in a position in which its active portion simultaneously primes the two primary and secondary pyrotechnic transmission units.
- the entire explosive charge contained in the ammunition 10 is initiated simultaneously.
- the explosive power of the ammunition is at its maximum.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne une munition, notamment une bombe et plus particulièrement une bombe aérienne.The present invention relates to an ammunition, in particular a bomb and more particularly an aerial bomb.
En particulier, la présente invention concerne une munition du type comprenant un corps s'étendant dans une direction axiale et abritant au moins une première et une deuxième charge explosive et un dispositif de mise à feu.In particular, the present invention relates to a munition of the type comprising a body extending in an axial direction and housing at least a first and a second explosive charge and a firing device.
Plus particulièrement, la présente invention concerne une munition à puissance explosive modulable.More particularly, the present invention relates to a modular explosive power ammunition.
Dans la présente demande, on entend par munition à puissance explosive modulable une munition apte à générer une détonation de puissance prédéterminée P1 non nulle dans au moins un premier mode de fonctionnement et à générer, dans un second mode de fonctionnement, une détonation de puissance P2 non nulle et différente de P1, chaque puissance P1 et P2 étant estimée par exemple par son équivalent TNT.In the present application, the term "ammunition with adjustable explosive power" means a munition capable of generating a predetermined non-zero power detonation P1 in at least one first mode of operation and generating, in a second mode of operation, a power detonation P2. non-zero and different from P1, each power P1 and P2 being estimated for example by its equivalent TNT.
Une munition du type précité est généralement destinée à être raccordée à une plateforme d'emport, notamment d'un aéronef. Elle constitue alors une arme aérienne utilisée en vue d'atteindre avec précision des cibles au sol telles que des bunkers, des véhicules blindés, etc.A munition of the aforementioned type is generally intended to be connected to a transport platform, including an aircraft. It is then an air weapon used to precisely reach ground targets such as bunkers, armored vehicles, etc.
On connaît d'ores et déjà des exemples de munitions à puissance explosive contrôlable ou programmable, c'est-à-dire capables de libérer à la demande tout ou partie de leur énergie explosive, en fonction de la nature plus ou moins blindée de la cible et de son environnement proche.Already known are examples of munitions with controllable or programmable explosive power, that is to say able to release all or part of their explosive energy, depending on the more or less shielded nature of the target and its close environment.
De la demande internationale publiée sous le numéro
De la demande
L'homme du métier est donc toujours à la recherche d'une munition, notamment une munition aérienne, permettant un réglage aisé de sa puissance explosive.The skilled person is always looking for a munition, including an air munition, allowing easy adjustment of its explosive power.
L'objectif de la présente invention est de fournir une nouvelle munition remplissant ces conditions.The object of the present invention is to provide a new munition fulfilling these conditions.
Cet objectif est atteint au moyen d'une munition à puissance explosive modulable selon la revendication 1, comprenant un corps s'étendant dans une direction axiale et abritant au moins une première et une deuxième charge explosive et un dispositif de mise à feu, ladite munition étant caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre un sélecteur muni d'une partie détonante et adapté à se déplacer entre au moins une première et une deuxième position, le sélecteur étant configuré de sorte que sa partie détonante couple le dispositif de mise à feu à la première charge explosive dans ladite première position et à la deuxième charge explosive dans ladite deuxième position, l'une parmi la première et la deuxième charge explosive n'étant pas couplée au dispositif de mise à feu dans au moins l'une parmi la première et la deuxième position.This object is achieved by means of a modular explosive power ammunition according to claim 1, comprising a body extending in an axial direction and housing at least a first and a second explosive charge and a firing device, said ammunition being characterized in that it further comprises a selector provided with a detonating part and adapted to move between at least a first and a second position, the selector being configured so that its detonating part couples the firing device to the first explosive charge in said first position and the second explosive charge in said second position, one of the first and second explosive charges not being coupled to the firing device in at least one of the first and second position.
Selon l'invention, le dispositif de mise à feu est adapté à être couplé à chaque charge explosive par l'intermédiaire de la partie détonante du sélecteur qui forme un relais d'amorçage.According to the invention, the firing device is adapted to be coupled to each explosive charge via the detonating part of the selector which forms a priming relay.
Dans la présente demande, on entend par charge un chargement pyrotechnique, se présentant généralement sous la forme d'un bloc.In the present application, charge is understood to mean a pyrotechnic charge, which is generally in the form of a block.
En outre, dans la présente demande, on dit que deux éléments sont couplés lorsque la mise en détonation de l'un entraîne la mise en détonation du second.In addition, in the present application, it is said that two elements are coupled when the detonation of one leads to the detonation of the second.
Le sélecteur étant mobile, sa partie détonante peut, selon sa position, venir coupler le dispositif de mise à feu à l'une ou l'autre des charges explosives ou, dans certains modes de fonctionnement, aux deux, de sorte que la puissance de détonation de la munition est modulable.The selector being mobile, its detonating part may, depending on its position, come to couple the firing device to one or other of the explosive charges or, in some operating modes, to both, so that the power of detonation of the ammunition is flexible.
L'armurier peut sélectionner la puissance de la munition par une simple action sur le sélecteur lors de sa mise en place (c'est-à-dire au montage) et/ou après sa mise en place lors la mise en oeuvre opérationnelle de la munition en fonction de la cible envisagée.The armourer can select the power of the ammunition by a simple action on the selector during its installation (that is to say at the assembly) and / or after its implementation during the operational implementation of the ammunition according to the intended target.
La position du sélecteur lors du montage est ou n'est pas prédéterminée (réglage par défaut ou non). Mais quelle que soit sa position initiale à l'issue du montage, le sélecteur peut être déplacé avant utilisation pour adapter au besoin la puissance explosive de la munition.The position of the selector during assembly is or is not predetermined (default setting or not). But regardless of its initial position after assembly, the selector can be moved before use to adapt the explosive power of the ammunition if necessary.
Pour cela, selon un exemple avantageux de réalisation, la munition comprend un système d'entraînement pour relier le sélecteur à un élément d'actionnement mobile formant une partie de l'enveloppe externe de la munition, le déplacement dudit élément d'actionnement entraînant le déplacement du sélecteur. Le système d'entraînement peut comprendre par exemple une tige.For this, according to an advantageous exemplary embodiment, the munition comprises a drive system for connecting the selector to a movable actuating element forming part of the outer shell of the munition, the displacement of said actuating element causing the moving the selector. The drive system may comprise, for example, a rod.
Lorsque le sélecteur se trouve dans sa première position, et que le dispositif de mise à feu est actionné, la détonation est transmise à la première charge explosive par l'intermédiaire de la partie détonante du sélecteur.When the selector is in its first position, and the firing device is actuated, the detonation is transmitted to the first explosive charge via the detonating part of the selector.
D'une façon similaire, lorsque le sélecteur se trouve dans sa deuxième position, et que le dispositif de mise à feu est actionné, la détonation est transmise à la deuxième charge explosive par l'intermédiaire de la partie détonante du sélecteur.Similarly, when the selector is in its second position, and the firing device is actuated, the detonation is transmitted to the second explosive charge via the detonating part of the selector.
Grâce aux dispositions de l'invention, la munition selon l'invention ne nécessite donc qu'un seul moyen de commande de déclenchement, autrement dit un seul dispositif de mise à feu, pour déclencher les différentes charges explosives qu'elle abrite.Thanks to the provisions of the invention, the munition according to the invention therefore requires only one trigger control means, ie a single firing device, to trigger the various explosive charges it houses.
Dans certains cas, la partie détonante du sélecteur est indirectement couplée à l'une ou l'autre charge explosive.In some cases, the detonating part of the selector is indirectly coupled to one or the other explosive charge.
Selon un exemple, la munition comprend au moins une unité de transmission pyrotechnique primaire couplant la première charge explosive au sélecteur.In one example, the ammunition comprises at least one primary pyrotechnic transmission unit coupling the first explosive charge to the selector.
Selon un exemple, la munition comprend également au moins une unité de transmission pyrotechnique secondaire couplant la deuxième charge explosive au sélecteur.In one example, the munition also comprises at least one secondary pyrotechnic transmission unit coupling the second explosive charge to the selector.
Les unités de transmission pyrotechnique reliées respectivement à la première et à la deuxième charge explosive peuvent par exemple être radialement opposées, c'est-à-dire situées de part et d'autre de l'axe principal de la munition.The pyrotechnic transmission units connected respectively to the first and the second explosive charge may for example be radially opposite, that is to say located on either side of the main axis of the ammunition.
Dans certains modes de réalisation, la partie détonante du sélecteur est couplée (soit directement, soit par l'intermédiaire d'une ou plusieurs unité(s) de transmission pyrotechnique(s)) à la fois à la première et à la deuxième charge explosive dans l'une parmi la première et la deuxième position.In some embodiments, the detonating portion of the selector is coupled (either directly or via one or more pyrotechnic transmission units) to both the first and second explosive charges in one of the first and second positions.
Dans ce cas, le sélecteur déclenchera les deux charges explosives et la puissance de détonation pourra correspondre, lorsque le sélecteur se trouvera dans ladite position, à la somme des puissances des deux charges explosives.In this case, the selector will trigger the two explosive charges and the detonation power may correspond, when the selector is in said position, to the sum of the powers of the two explosive charges.
Dans son autre position, le sélecteur ne déclenchera que l'une des deux charges.In its other position, the selector will only trigger one of the two charges.
Dans d'autres modes de réalisation, la partie détonante du sélecteur est inapte à coupler simultanément le dispositif de mise à feu à la première et la deuxième charge explosive.In other embodiments, the detonator portion of the selector is unable to simultaneously couple the firing device to the first and second explosive charges.
Dans ce cas, il peut être prévu que la détonation de l'une des charges explosives entraîne, soit par influence directe (notamment si la puissance explosive de la charge est importante), soit par l'intermédiaire d'une ou plusieurs unités de transmission pyrotechnique, l'amorçage de l'autre charge explosive.In this case, it may be provided that the detonation of one of the explosive charges results either by direct influence (especially if the explosive power of the charge is significant), or by means of one or more transmission units. pyrotechnic, the priming of the other explosive charge.
La munition selon l'invention permet, à tout le moins, de générer une explosion de puissance prédéterminée P1 non nulle dans au moins un premier mode de fonctionnement (sélecteur dans une première position) et de générer, dans un second mode de fonctionnement (sélecteur dans une deuxième position), une explosion de puissance P2 non nulle et différente de P1.The munition according to the invention makes it possible, at the very least, to generate a non-zero predetermined power explosion P1 in at least one first mode of operation (selector in a first position) and to generate, in a second mode of operation (selector in a second position), a power explosion P2 non-zero and different from P1.
Selon l'invention, la première et la deuxième charge explosives sont configurées de telle sorte qu'au moins l'une des deux charges peut détoner sans mettre en détonation la seconde. De façon générale, ceci sera rendu possible en adaptant la puissance explosive de chaque charge. Des paramètres permettant de moduler cette puissance explosive sont par exemple la nature de la charge, ses dimensions, sa forme, ses performances intrinsèques, ses dimensions critiques, et sa sensibilité aux chocs intenses.According to the invention, the first and second explosive charges are configured such that at least one of the two charges can detonate without detonating the second. In general, this will be made possible by adapting the explosive power of each load. Parameters for modulating this explosive power are for example the nature of the load, its dimensions, its shape, its intrinsic performance, its critical dimensions, and its sensitivity to intense shocks.
Selon un exemple, la première et la deuxième charge explosive sont séparées par un premier élément intermédiaire non détonant.In one example, the first and second explosive charges are separated by a first non-detonating intermediate element.
Le premier élément intermédiaire non détonant peut être notamment une charge inerte (c'est-à-dire une charge non pyrotechnique) ou une charge énergétique mais non détonante (c'est-à-dire une charge susceptible de libérer de l'énergie par combustion vive ou déflagration).The first non-detonating intermediate element may in particular be an inert filler (that is to say a non-pyrotechnic filler) or an energetic but non-detonating charge (ie a charge capable of releasing energy by live combustion or explosion).
Selon un exemple, le dispositif de mise à feu est séparé de la deuxième charge explosive par un deuxième élément intermédiaire non détonant.In one example, the firing device is separated from the second explosive charge by a second non-detonating intermediate element.
Le deuxième élément intermédiaire non détonant peut être notamment une charge inerte ou une charge énergétique mais non détonante.The second non-detonating intermediate element may especially be an inert filler or an energetic but non-detonating filler.
Dans la présente demande, on désigne par extrémité avant de la munition celle orientée dans le sens du mouvement de ladite munition, et par extrémité arrière, son extrémité opposée dans la direction axiale.In the present application, the term "front end" of the ammunition means that oriented in the direction of movement of said munition, and the rear end, its opposite end in the axial direction.
Selon un exemple avantageux, le dispositif de mise à feu est disposé à une extrémité de la munition, notamment à son extrémité arrière.According to an advantageous example, the firing device is disposed at one end of the munition, in particular at its rear end.
Ainsi, par exemple, le dispositif de mise à feu et les charges explosives sont disposés les uns à la suite des autres dans la direction axiale de la munition.Thus, for example, the firing device and the explosive charges are arranged one after the other in the axial direction of the munition.
Selon un exemple de réalisation avantageux de l'invention, la première charge explosive est disposée au voisinage de l'extrémité avant de la munition, et la deuxième charge explosive est disposée axialement entre le dispositif de mise à feu et la première charge explosive. Lorsque la première charge explosive, seule, est mise en détonation, l'effet de souffle et les éclats résultants de la détonation sont dirigés de façon privilégiée vers l'avant, c'est-à-dire vers la cible, et les effets collatéraux vers l'arrière de la munition sont considérablement réduits. Ceci est notamment avantageux dans des cas où les cibles sont positionnées en milieu urbain. Dans ces cas, il est en effet souhaitable non seulement de diminuer la puissance explosive de la munition, mais aussi de limiter ses éventuels effets collatéraux, en orientant l'effet de souffle ainsi que les éclats engendrés par sa détonation, en direction des cibles visées.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first explosive charge is disposed in the vicinity of the front end of the munition, and the second explosive charge is disposed axially between the firing device and the first explosive charge. When the first explosive charge, alone, is detonated, the blast effect and the splinters resulting from the detonation are favorably directed forward, that is to say towards the target, and the collateral effects. towards the rear of the ammunition are considerably reduced. This is particularly advantageous in cases where the targets are positioned in urban areas. In these cases, it is indeed desirable not only to reduce the explosive power of the munition, but also to limit its possible collateral effects, by directing the blast effect as well as the splinters generated by its detonation, towards the targeted targets .
Comme indiqué précédemment, selon un exemple, le sélecteur est configuré de telle façon que sa partie détonante ne couple le dispositif de mise à feu qu'à une seule charge explosive à la fois.As indicated above, according to one example, the selector is configured in such a way that its detonating part couples the firing device to only one explosive charge at a time.
Selon un autre exemple, le sélecteur est configuré de telle façon que, dans au moins l'une parmi la première et la deuxième position, sa partie détonante couple le dispositif de mise à feu à la fois à la première et à la deuxième charge explosive.In another example, the selector is configured such that, in at least one of the first and second positions, its detonating portion couples the firing device to both the first and second explosive charges. .
Selon l'invention, le sélecteur est un élément rotatif dont un premier secteur angulaire constitue la partie détonante et un deuxième secteur angulaire est formé dans une matière non détonante.According to the invention, the selector is a rotary element of which a first angular sector constitutes the detonating part and a second angular sector is formed in a non-detonating material.
Selon un exemple, le secteur angulaire constituant la partie détonante s'étend sur un angle inférieur à 180°, de préférence compris entre 30 et 150°, encore plus préférentiellement entre 60 et 120°.In one example, the angular sector constituting the detonating part extends over an angle of less than 180 °, preferably between 30 and 150 °, more preferably between 60 and 120 °.
Selon un autre exemple, le secteur angulaire constituant la partie détonante s'étend sur un angle au moins égal à 180°, de préférence compris entre 210 et 330°, encore plus préférentiellement entre 240 et 300°.According to another example, the angular sector constituting the detonating part extends over an angle at least equal to 180 °, preferably between 210 and 330 °, more preferably between 240 and 300 °.
Le sélecteur est par exemple un anneau rotatif.The selector is for example a rotating ring.
Dans ce cas, selon une disposition de l'invention, le dispositif de mise à feu est disposé dans l'espace intérieur délimité par la paroi interne de l'anneau formant le sélecteur.In this case, according to an embodiment of the invention, the firing device is disposed in the interior space delimited by the inner wall of the ring forming the selector.
Dans le présent exposé, sauf précision contraire, une direction axiale est une direction parallèle à l'axe principal de la munition. En outre, une direction radiale est une direction perpendiculaire à l'axe principal et coupant cet axe. Sauf précision contraire, les adjectifs et adverbes axial, radial, axialement et radialement sont utilisés en référence aux directions axiale et radiale précitées. De la même manière, un plan axial est un plan contenant l'axe principal de la munition et un plan radial est un plan perpendiculaire à cet axe. De même, une section axiale est une section définie dans un plan axial, et une section radiale est une section définie dans un plan radial.In this specification, unless otherwise stated, an axial direction is a direction parallel to the main axis of the munition. In addition, a radial direction is a direction perpendicular to the main axis and intersecting this axis. Unless stated otherwise, the adjectives and adverbs axial, radial, axially and radially are used with reference to the aforementioned axial and radial directions. In the same way, an axial plane is a plane containing the main axis of the munition and a radial plane is a plane perpendicular to this axis. Likewise, an axial section is a section defined in an axial plane, and a radial section is a section defined in a radial plane.
En outre, sauf précision contraire, les adjectifs interne et externe sont utilisés en référence à une direction radiale de sorte que la partie ou la face interne (i.e. radialement interne) d'un élément est plus proche de l'axe principal que la partie ou la face externe (i.e. radialement externe) du même élément.Moreover, unless otherwise stated, the inner and outer adjectives are used with reference to a radial direction so that the inner part (or radially inner side) of an element is closer to the main axis than the part or the external (ie radially external) face of the same element.
Dans la présente demande, on entend par unité de transmission pyrotechnique tout élément propre à propager une détonation, notamment depuis la partie détonante du sélecteur jusqu'à une charge explosive, lesdits éléments étant placés à distance l'un de l'autre.In the present application, the term "pyrotechnic transmission unit" means any element capable of propagating a detonation, in particular from the detonating part of the selector to an explosive charge, said elements being placed at a distance from one another.
L'unité de transmission pyrotechnique comprend généralement une rallonge pyrotechnique, permettant de relier le sélecteur à la charge explosive concernée.The pyrotechnic transmission unit generally comprises a pyrotechnic extender, for connecting the selector to the explosive charge concerned.
A noter que l'on entend par rallonge pyrotechnique tout élément adapté à transmettre une onde de détonation, issue initialement du dispositif de mise à feu, sans modifier ladite onde de détonation, et notamment son amplitude surfacique, son intensité (ou sa puissance), ou sa forme.It should be noted that the term pyrotechnic extender means any element adapted to transmit a detonation wave, initially resulting from the firing device, without modifying said detonation wave, and in particular its surface amplitude, intensity (or power), or its shape.
Généralement, une rallonge pyrotechnique est un élément allongé, c'est-à-dire plus long que large, rigide ou souple, de section sensiblement constante.Generally, a pyrotechnic extender is an elongated member, that is to say longer than wide, rigid or flexible, of substantially constant section.
De préférence, la rallonge pyrotechnique comprend un composé explosif de composition homogène, identique ou différente de celle de la charge explosive. De manière plus préférentielle, la rallonge pyrotechnique comprend un seul composé explosif de composition homogène, notamment monolithique. De manière encore plus préférentielle, l'unité de transmission pyrotechnique comprend un seul composé explosif de composition homogène, de préférence monolithique.Preferably, the pyrotechnic extender comprises an explosive compound of homogeneous composition, identical or different from that of the explosive charge. More preferably, the pyrotechnic extender comprises a single explosive compound of homogeneous composition, especially monolithic. Even more preferably, the pyrotechnic transmission unit comprises a single explosive compound of homogeneous composition, preferably monolithic.
De préférence, la rallonge pyrotechnique présente une dimension radiale maximale sensiblement inférieure au diamètre maximal de la munition, de préférence au moins 5 fois inférieure à ce diamètre, et encore plus préférentiellement au moins 20 fois inférieure à ce diamètre.Preferably, the pyrotechnic extender has a maximum radial dimension substantially less than the maximum diameter of the munition, preferably at least 5 times smaller than this diameter, and even more preferably at least 20 times smaller than this diameter.
Selon un exemple, une unité de transmission pyrotechnique comprend un tube rigide ou souple, rectiligne ou non, contenant un composé explosif. Une unité de transmission pyrotechnique peut notamment comprendre un cordon détonant souple tel que décrit dans la demande de brevet
Selon un autre exemple, l'unité de transmission pyrotechnique comprend un cordon rigide de forme quelconque réalisé dans un composé explosif, ledit cordon pouvant être nu ou recouvert d'un lieur.In another example, the pyrotechnic transmission unit comprises a rigid bead of any shape made of an explosive compound, said bead can be naked or covered with a linker.
Selon un exemple de réalisation avantageux, l'unité de transmission pyrotechnique comprend en outre un premier relais d'amorçage couplant ladite rallonge pyrotechnique à la charge explosive correspondante.According to an advantageous exemplary embodiment, the pyrotechnic transmission unit further comprises a first ignition relay coupling said pyrotechnic extension to the corresponding explosive charge.
Dans la présente demande, on entend par relais d'amorçage (en anglais « booster ») tout dispositif d'amorçage adapté à transmettre une onde de détonation en modifiant l'amplitude surfacique et/ou l'intensité et/ou la forme de cette onde.In the present application, the term "priming relay" (in English "booster") any boot device adapted to transmit a detonation wave by modifying the surface amplitude and / or the intensity and / or the shape of this wave.
Le relais d'amorçage peut par exemple servir à augmenter la surface de l'onde de détonation transmise à la charge explosive, lorsque la rallonge pyrotechnique présente un diamètre inférieur au diamètre critique de la charge explosive (i.e. le diamètre en-deçà duquel la détonation de la charge ne peut avoir lieu). Le relais d'amorçage aura alors une forme évasée en direction de la charge explosive, son diamètre maximal étant supérieur au diamètre critique de ladite charge.For example, the priming relay may be used to increase the surface of the detonation wave transmitted to the explosive charge when the pyrotechnic extender has a diameter smaller than the critical diameter of the explosive charge (ie the diameter below which the detonation the charge can not take place). The priming relay will then have a flared shape in the direction of the explosive charge, its maximum diameter being greater than the critical diameter of said load.
Plusieurs exemples de réalisation sont décrits dans le présent exposé. Toutefois, sauf précision contraire, les caractéristiques décrites en liaison avec un exemple de réalisation quelconque peuvent être appliquées à un autre exemple de réalisation.Several examples of embodiments are described in this presentation. However, unless otherwise specified, the features described in connection with any exemplary embodiment may be applied to another embodiment.
L'invention sera bien comprise et ses avantages apparaîtront mieux, à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit, d'exemples de réalisation représentés à titre non limitatif. La description se réfère aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :
- la
figure 1 est une coupe axiale d'une munition selon un premier exemple de réalisation de la présente invention, - la
figure 2 illustre un premier exemple de sélecteur pouvant être utilisé dans une munition telle que représentée sur lafigure 1 ; - les
figures 3A, 3B et 3C illustrent le sélecteur de lafigure 2 dans différentes positions ; - la
figure 4 illustre un deuxième exemple de sélecteur pouvant être utilisé dans une munition telle que représentée sur lafigure 1 ; - les
figures 5A et 5B illustrent le sélecteur de lafigure 4 dans différentes positions ; - les
figures 6A et 6B illustrent le système de contrôle du réglage de la puissance explosive, à l'arrière de la munition.
- the
figure 1 is an axial section of a munition according to a first embodiment of the present invention, - the
figure 2 illustrates a first example of a selector that can be used in an ammunition as represented on thefigure 1 ; - the
FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C illustrate the selector of thefigure 2 in different positions; - the
figure 4 illustrates a second example of a selector that can be used in an ammunition as represented on thefigure 1 ; - the
Figures 5A and 5B illustrate the selector of thefigure 4 in different positions; - the
Figures 6A and 6B illustrate the explosive power control system at the rear of the ammunition.
Sur la
Dans toute la présente demande, on dira que l'avant de la munition 10 correspond à son côté dirigé dans le sens du mouvement (i.e. en direction de la cible), et que l'arrière de la munition correspond à son côté opposé dans la direction de l'axe A-A'.Throughout the present application, it will be said that the front of the
Dans l'exemple, le corps 12 est effilé à son extrémité avant 12a.In the example, the
Comme illustré sur la
Un dispositif de mise à feu 16 est situé au voisinage de l'extrémité arrière 12b du corps 12. Dans l'exemple illustré, le dispositif de mise à feu 16 est inséré à l'intérieur d'une gaine de réception 18b prévue à l'extrémité arrière 12b du corps 12 (ci-après gaine arrière).A
Comme illustré en outre sur la
L'élément fonctionnel 14 et le dispositif de mise à feu 16 sont tous deux alimentés par un organe d'alimentation (non représenté) situé à l'extérieur du corps 12, et ce, par l'intermédiaire de conduits électriques 20, 22. L'organe d'alimentation est par exemple une éolienne, notamment une éolienne montée sur le corps de la munition, à l'extérieur de celui-ci.The
La munition 10 comprend en outre deux puits d'ancrage 24 formés dans le corps 12, et permettant son raccordement à une plateforme d'emport de l'avion, l'hélicoptère ou le drone sur lequel la munition 10 est par exemple montée. Les puits 24 peuvent notamment être destinés à recevoir des anneaux pour la suspension de la munition 10 à la plateforme d'emport.The
Dans la direction axiale, de l'avant vers l'arrière de la munition, le corps 12 abrite successivement : une première charge explosive 31 qui remplit un premier espace avant de la munition 10, délimité par la paroi interne du corps 12 et la gaine avant 18a, un premier élément intermédiaire non détonant 41, une deuxième charge explosive 32, un deuxième élément intermédiaire non détonant 42, et le dispositif de mise à feu 16.In the axial direction, from the front to the rear of the munition, the
Sur la
La première et la deuxième charge explosive 31, 32 peuvent par exemple être constituées d'un explosif composite, notamment à base d'aluminium (Al), d'hexogène (RDX) et d'un liant polyuréthane. Un exemple de composition pouvant être utilisée est celle référencée PBXN-109. Toute autre composition adaptée peut cependant convenir. A noter que les charges explosives de la munition peuvent présenter des compositions soit identiques, soit différentes.The first and second
Le premier et le deuxième élément intermédiaire 41, 42 non détonant sont ici des charges inertes ou énergétiques non détonantes.The first and second non-detonating
Ces charges peuvent présenter des compositions semblables ou différentes. Un matériau plastique, notamment un matériau à matrice polyuréthane comprenant une charge minérale, constitue un exemple de composition adaptée.These fillers may have similar or different compositions. A plastic material, especially a polyurethane matrix material comprising a mineral filler, is an example of a suitable composition.
De façon très approximative, on peut considérer, dans l'exemple, que la première et la deuxième charge explosive 31, 32 remplissent respectivement un quart et une moitié de l'espace intérieur du corps de munition. Les charges non détonantes 41, 42, quant à elles, remplissent respectivement environ 1/8 de cet espace intérieur.Very roughly, it can be considered in the example, that the first and the second
Sur la
Comme il sera décrit plus en détail dans la suite en référence aux
Le sélecteur 50 est par ailleurs adapté à pivoter autour de l'axe A-A' du corps 12 de munition 10 pour coupler la partie détonante 52 avec la ou les charges explosives désirées, et ainsi moduler la puissance explosive de la munition selon les besoins.The
Selon l'invention, chaque charge explosive 31, 32 est reliée pyrotechniquement (i.e. couplée) au sélecteur 50 par l'intermédiaire d'au moins une unité de transmission pyrotechnique 61, 62.According to the invention, each
Une unité de transmission pyrotechnique 61 couplant la première charge explosive 31 au sélecteur 50 est appelée unité de transmission pyrotechnique primaire. Elle traverse ici une portion du deuxième élément intermédiaire 42.A
Une unité de transmission pyrotechnique 62 couplant la deuxième charge explosive 32 au sélecteur 50 est appelée unité de transmission pyrotechnique secondaire. Elle traverse ici une portion du deuxième élément intermédiaire 42, la deuxième charge explosive 32 et le premier élément intermédiaire 41.A
Dans l'exemple illustré, une seule unité de transmission primaire 61 et une seule unité de transmission secondaire 62 sont prévues.In the illustrated example, a single
Selon des variantes de réalisation, il pourra y avoir plusieurs unités de transmission pyrotechnique primaires 61 et/ou plusieurs unités de transmission pyrotechnique secondaires 62.According to alternative embodiments, there may be several primary
Les unités de transmission pyrotechnique primaire 61 et secondaire 62 sont ici disposées symétriquement de part et d'autre de l'axe A-A' et s'étendent chacune parallèlement à cet axe.The primary
Elles peuvent évidemment présenter des sections et des formes différentes.They can obviously have different sections and shapes.
L'unité de transmission pyrotechnique primaire 61 comprend, dans l'exemple, une rallonge pyrotechnique 64 reliée directement au sélecteur 50, et un relais d'amorçage 66 relié à la première charge explosive 31.The primary
Comme illustré sur la
Pour cela, l'unité de transmission pyrotechnique peut par exemple comporter une gaine externe, s'étendant de préférence sur tout le pourtour de l'unité de transmission, et notamment constituée d'un matériau inerte, entourant le matériau explosif permettant la propagation de la détonation.For this purpose, the pyrotechnic transmission unit may for example comprise an outer sheath, preferably extending around the entire periphery of the transmission unit, and in particular consisting of a inert material, surrounding the explosive material allowing the propagation of the detonation.
Dans l'exemple illustrée, la rallonge pyrotechnique 64 et le relais d'amorçage 66 comportent ainsi une gaine externe en métal ou en plastique, remplie d'un composé explosif permettant de transmettre la détonation du dispositif de mise à feu 16 jusqu'à la charge explosive 31.In the example illustrated, the
Dans l'exemple illustré, le relais d'amorçage 66 présente une forme tronconique, évasée vers son extrémité libre, qui permet une transmission efficace de la détonation provenant du dispositif de mise à feu 16 à la charge explosive 31.In the illustrated example, the priming
Toujours dans l'exemple, au moins une extrémité de l'unité de transmission pyrotechnique 61 et notamment le relais d'amorçage 66 est noyé dans la première charge explosive 31.Still in the example, at least one end of the
Dans l'exemple illustré, l'unité de transmission pyrotechnique secondaire 62 est constituée d'une rallonge de section constante 68, de longueur évidemment bien plus faible que celle de l'unité de transmission pyrotechnique primaire, et dont l'extrémité est noyée dans la deuxième charge explosive 32.In the illustrated example, the secondary
Selon une variante (non représentée), une ou chaque unité de transmission pyrotechnique peut être séparée de la charge explosive correspondante par une couche de matériau inerte, notamment un matériau inerte formant partie de la charge non détonante traversée par l'unité de transmission. Dans ce cas, l'épaisseur de la couche de matériau non détonant est suffisamment fine pour que la détonation initiée par le dispositif de mise à feu puisse se propager par influence depuis l'unité de transmission pyrotechnique jusqu'à la charge explosive correspondante. De préférence, l'épaisseur de la couche de matériau inerte n'excède pas 30mm.According to a variant (not shown), one or each pyrotechnic transmission unit can be separated from the corresponding explosive charge by a layer of inert material, in particular an inert material forming part of the non-detonating charge traversed by the transmission unit. In this case, the thickness of the layer of non-detonating material is sufficiently fine so that the detonation initiated by the firing device can propagate by influence from the pyrotechnic transmission unit to the corresponding explosive charge. Preferably, the thickness of the layer of inert material does not exceed 30mm.
Selon une autre variante (non représentée), l'extrémité de l'unité de transmission pyrotechnique, notamment un relais d'amorçage formant cette extrémité peut être reliée à la charge explosive en étant simplement appuyée sur la surface libre de ladite charge explosive.According to another variant (not shown), the end of the pyrotechnic transmission unit, in particular a priming relay forming this end can be connected to the explosive charge simply by being pressed against the free surface of said explosive charge.
Selon encore une autre variante (non représentée), l'extrémité de l'unité de transmission pyrotechnique, notamment un relais d'amorçage formant cette extrémité, peut encore être collée sur la charge explosive par une couche d'adhésif disposée entre la surface de la charge explosive et une surface du relais terminal, notamment sa surface d'extrémité dont la section est ici la plus grande.According to yet another variant (not shown), the end of the pyrotechnic transmission unit, in particular a priming relay forming this end, can still be glued to the explosive charge by a layer of adhesive disposed between the surface of the explosive charge and a surface of the terminal relay, in particular its end surface, the section of which is here the largest.
Un exemple de sélecteur 50 pouvant être utilisé dans la munition 10 de la
Le sélecteur 50 est ici un anneau rotatif constitué d'un premier secteur angulaire 52 formé d'une matière explosive (ci-après partie détonante), et d'un deuxième secteur angulaire 54 formé d'une matière non détonante, notamment un matériau inerte (ci-après partie non détonante), le premier secteur angulaire s'étendant sur un angle inférieur à 180°, notamment compris entre 30 et 150°, et encore plus préférentiellement entre 90 et 120° (voir la
Comme il ressort de la
Grâce à ces dispositions, l'action de l'armurier sur la plaque 17 entraîne le pivotement simultané du sélecteur 50 autour de l'axe A-A', et donc le réglage de position de sa partie détonante 52.Thanks to these provisions, the action of the gunsmith on the
La plaque 17 est illustrée plus en détail sur les
De ces figures et de la
En visualisant la position des pions 72 à l'intérieur des lumières, l'armurier peut ainsi connaître aisément le réglage de la puissance de la munition.By visualizing the position of the
On comprend que la partie détonante 52 du sélecteur 50 constitue un relais d'amorçage, qui augmente la surface de l'onde de détonation issue du dispositif de mise à feu 16, pour garantir sa bonne transmission ultérieure à l'unité de transmission pyrotechnique 61, 62 à laquelle il est couplé.It is understood that the detonating
Sur la
La
Par conséquent, dans cette position, si le dispositif de mise à feu 16 est actionné, la détonation est transmise par le sélecteur 50 uniquement à la première charge explosive 31.Therefore, in this position, if the
La propagation de l'onde de détonation à travers l'unité de transmission pyrotechnique primaire 61 n'entraîne pas la détonation de la deuxième charge explosive 32, pour les raisons déjà évoquées précédemment.The propagation of the detonation wave through the primary
La première charge explosive étant disposée à l'avant de la munition, l'effet de souffle et les éclats résultants de la détonation sont dirigés de façon privilégiée vers l'avant, c'est-à-dire vers la cible, et les effets collatéraux vers l'arrière de la munition sont considérablement réduits.The first explosive charge being disposed at the front of the ammunition, the blast effect and the fragments resulting from the detonation are directed in a privileged way forward, that is to say towards the target, and the effects collateral to the rear of the ammunition are considerably reduced.
La
Dans cette position, si le dispositif de mise à feu 16 est actionné, la détonation est transmise par le sélecteur 50 uniquement à la deuxième charge explosive 32.In this position, if the
Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, la détonation de la deuxième charge explosive est transmise à la première charge explosive 31 soit par influence directe, soit par l'intermédiaire de l'unité de transmission pyrotechnique primaire 61. Ce cas correspond à la détonation de la totalité de la charge explosive contenue dans la munition 10, et donc à l'effet maximum de ladite munition.In the illustrated embodiment, the detonation of the second explosive charge is transmitted to the first
La
Autrement dit, dans cet exemple, la partie active 52 du sélecteur 50 est définie pour amorcer, dans une certaine position angulaire, les deux unités de transmission pyrotechnique 61, 62 en même temps.In other words, in this example, the
Sur la
La
Claims (14)
- A munition (10) with variable explosive power, the munition comprising a body (12) extending in an axial direction and housing at least a first and a second explosive charge (31, 32), together with a firing device (16), said munition being characterized in that it further comprises a selector (50, 50') provided with a detonating portion (52) and adapted to move between at least a first and a second position, the selector being configured so that its detonating portion couples the firing device (16) to the first explosive charge in said first position and to the second explosive charge in said second position, one of the first and second explosive charges (31, 32) not being coupled to the firing device (16) in at least one of the first and second positions, wherein the selector (50, 50') is a rotary element having a first angular sector constituting the detonating portion (52) and a second angular sector (54) that is made of a non-detonating material.
- A munition according to claim 1, wherein the first and second explosive charges (31, 32) are separated by a first non-detonating intermediate element (41).
- A munition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the first explosive charge (31) is arranged in the vicinity of the front end (12a) of the munition (10), and the second explosive charge (32) is arranged in the axial direction of the munition between the firing device (16) and the first explosive charge (31).
- A munition according to claim 3, wherein the firing device (16) is separated from the second explosive charge (32) by a second non-detonating intermediate element (42).
- A munition (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further including at least one primary pyrotechnic transmission unit (61) coupling the first explosive charge (31) to the selector.
- A munition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further including at least one secondary pyrotechnic transmission unit (62) coupling the second explosive charge to the selector (50, 50').
- A munition according to claims 5 and 6, wherein the primary pyrotechnic transmission unit and the secondary pyrotechnic transmission unit (61, 62) are radially opposite to one another.
- A munition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the selector (50) is configured in such a manner that its detonating portion (52) couples the firing device (16) to only one explosive charge (31, 32) at a time.
- A munition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the selector (50') is configured in such a manner that in at least one of the first and second positions, the detonating portion (52) couples the firing device (16) to both the first and the second explosive charges (31, 32).
- A munition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the selector is a rotary ring.
- A munition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first angular sector constituting the detonating portion (52) extends over an angle of less than 180°, preferably lying in the range 30° to 150°, more preferably lying in the range 90° to 120°.
- A munition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first angular sector constituting the detonating portion (52) extends over an angle of not less than 180°, preferably lying in the range 210° to 330°, more preferably lying in the range 240° to 270°.
- A munition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further including a drive system (55) for connecting the selector (50) to a movable actuator element (17) forming a portion of the outer covering of the munition, the movement of said actuator element (17) causing the movement of the selector (50).
- A munition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein each of the first and second explosive charges (31, 32) occupy substantially the entire diameter of the body (12).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PL14713194T PL2962060T3 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2014-02-27 | Munition with modifiable explosive capability |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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FR1300454A FR3002626B1 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2013-02-28 | MODULAR EXPLOSIVE POWER MUNITION |
PCT/FR2014/050436 WO2014132004A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2014-02-27 | Munition with modifiable explosive capability |
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EP2962060A1 EP2962060A1 (en) | 2016-01-06 |
EP2962060B1 true EP2962060B1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
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EP14713194.0A Active EP2962060B1 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2014-02-27 | Munition with modifiable explosive capability |
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EP (1) | EP2962060B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2678197T3 (en) |
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IL (1) | IL240801B (en) |
PL (1) | PL2962060T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014132004A1 (en) |
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FR2984483B1 (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2017-09-01 | Eurenco France | MUNITION, LOADING FOR SUCH AMMUNITION AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH AMMUNITION |
NO2731949T3 (en) * | 2015-08-08 | 2018-09-01 | ||
US10724836B1 (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2020-07-28 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Cook-off mitigation systems |
US10088285B1 (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2018-10-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Cook-off mitigation systems using an uncanistered outgassing pad |
FR3143730A1 (en) | 2022-12-20 | 2024-06-21 | Eurenco | Assembly of explosive charges with adjustable explosive power. |
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US3490372A (en) * | 1966-11-09 | 1970-01-20 | Arthur A Lavine | Projectile acceleration arrangement |
US4391195A (en) * | 1979-08-21 | 1983-07-05 | Shann Peter C | Detonation of explosive charges and equipment therefor |
GB8920954D0 (en) | 1989-09-15 | 1990-04-25 | Secr Defence | Flexible detonating cord |
US6283036B1 (en) * | 2000-03-20 | 2001-09-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Variable output warhead |
CA2611169C (en) * | 2005-06-21 | 2010-02-16 | Geke Technologie Gmbh | Projectile or warhead |
FR2896577B1 (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2010-08-20 | Giat Ind Sa | STARTING DEVICE FOR MULTI-MODE LOAD |
SE532063C2 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2009-10-13 | Bae Systems Bofors Ab | Effect device for various effect effects and procedure |
GB2479966B (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2013-05-08 | Qinetiq Ltd | Controllable output warhead |
US8931415B2 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2015-01-13 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Initiation systems for explosive devices, scalable output explosive devices including initiation systems, and related methods |
IL219010A (en) * | 2012-04-03 | 2016-11-30 | Amon Jacob | Missile warhead |
US9395128B2 (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2016-07-19 | Corvid Technologies, Inc. | Projectile launching devices and methods and apparatus using same |
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- 2013-02-28 FR FR1300454A patent/FR3002626B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2014
- 2014-02-27 US US14/769,731 patent/US9482504B2/en active Active
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ES2678197T3 (en) | 2018-08-09 |
IL240801A0 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
EP2962060A1 (en) | 2016-01-06 |
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