EP0099298B1 - Fastening means to a building and application to the realization of scaffoldings - Google Patents

Abstract

1. System for fastening to a building, comprising at least one fixed component constituted by an anchoring bar (1) which is intended to be attached to at least one rafter (2) of the building framework (2, 10), at least one removable member (8) for supporting equipment items (101, 102) such as scaffolding for maintenance of the building, and means (6, 7, 9, 9a, 11) for mutually attaching the removable member (8) to the anchoring bar (1) and contributing to the rigid position-maintenance of the removable member (8), characterized in that the bar (1) is mounted in a fixed angular position relatively to the framework (2, 10) and that the attachment means (6, 7, 9, 9a, 11) are of a type known per se for achieving rigid interengagement when they are in a retaining position, and that this interengagement maintains the removable member (8) in an upright position relatively to the plane of the framework considered.

Description

The invention relates to a system for hanging on a building, comprising at least one fixed part constituted by an anchor bar intended to be fixed to at least one rafter of the frame of the building, and at least one removable member intended to be attached to the anchor bar and supporting equipment used for building maintenance such as scaffolding on a wall or roof.

According to the preamble of claim 1, such a system is known from FR-A No. 2402751. According to this document, there is provided a cylindrical bar threaded in aligned bores made in the rafters of the neighboring roof. Removable members are constituted by pliers carrying at one of their ends mars adaptable to the bar, and at their other end an articulated finger which is in turn articulated a support pad on the roof covering.

This device has the disadvantage that the removable members are complex and expensive. In addition, they are strongly supported on the cover which can be harmful to the latter. Indeed, the support pads work like the support points of a lever, inflicting a considerable stress on the cover.

According to the invention, the attachment system of the type indicated at the beginning is characterized in that the bar is mounted in a fixed angular position relative to the frame, and in that the attachment means are of a type known per se providing a rigid embedding when they are in a retaining position, and in that this embedding keeps the removable member in the upright position relative to the plane of the frame considered.

Thus, it is no longer necessary for the removable members to bear on the cover and all the articulated means which were provided for this purpose in the aforementioned prior document can disappear. Once in place, the removable member forms an outward projection relative to the cover. We can then attach any desired device to the removable member which transmits to the anchor bar, and from the latter to the rafters, the resulting stresses. Coverage can therefore be completely spared.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the system comprises at least one other fixed part constituted by a tube intended to be embedded in the masonry of the wall, and this tube comprises inside its retaining means provided to cooperate with the same organs removable than the anchor bar.

Thus a building can be equipped with two types of permanent elements for the subsequent fixing of temporary installations, and the same removable members can be adapted as desired to one or the other type of elements, namely the bar for anchoring the frame or the tubes in the masonry.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the removable member comprises a flat part having a constricted section, each fixed part comprising a slot for receiving said flat part, and this slot has an enlarged area to allow rotation of the constricted section.

The removable member is secured to the fixed part in the manner of a key engaged and turned in a lock, which makes it very improbable accidental unlocking, while requiring only an extremely simple locking operation.

The bar can be designed to be placed on a certain number of rafters of the roof, and to be fixed there by jumpers.

This method of fixing the bar avoids having to cut into the rafters, the resistance of which is in no way weakened, which further improves the reliability of the fixing, and the bar is sheltered from inclement weather.

The bar can also be made in several sections connected to run from one end to the other of the roof.

Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge from the detailed description which follows.

• - lafig.1 est une vue en perspective d'un dispositif conforme à l'invention;
• - la fig. 2 est une vue en coupe suivant II-II de la fig. 1;
• - laffg. 3 est une vue en coupe suivant III-III de la fig. 1;
• - la fig. 4 est une vue en coupe partielle suivant IV-IV de la fig. 3;
• - la fig. 5 est une vue de côté d'une pièce fixe pour la fixation sur un mur avec coupe du mur;
• - les fig. 6 et 7 sont des vues respectives suivant VI-VI et VII-VII de la fig. 5;
• - la fig. 8 est une vue en perspective du dispositif de la fig. 4;
• - la fig. 9 est une vue en perspective d'un bâtiment équipé d'échafaudages fixés au moyen de dispositifs conformes àj'invention:
• - la fig. 10 est une vue partielle en perspective de la toiture de la fig. 1 avec sa couverture;
• - la fig. 11 est une vue en perspective d'un élément de couverture de la fig. 10;
• - la fig. 12 est une vue en perspective éclatée montrant d'autres éléments de couverture donnant accès à la barre d'ancrage;
• - la fig. 13 est une vue partielle en perspective de la toiture équipée des éléments de la fig. 12;
• - la fig. 14 est une vue en élévation latérale et demi-coupe d'une variante de réalisation de l'organe amovible en position de retenue sur la barre d'ancrage;
• - la fig. 15 est une vue de l'organe amovible de la fig. 14 en cours d'engagement dans la barre d'ancrage, et
• - lafig. 16 est une vue analogue à la fig. 14 mais partielle et après verrouillage de l'organe amovible en position de retenue.

In the accompanying drawings, given as examples:

• - lafig.1 is a perspective view of a device according to the invention;
• - fig. 2 is a sectional view along II-II of FIG. 1;
• - laffg. 3 is a sectional view along III-III of FIG. 1;
• - fig. 4 is a partial sectional view along IV-IV of FIG. 3;
• - fig. 5 is a side view of a fixed part for fixing to a wall with a section of the wall;
• - figs. 6 and 7 are respective views along VI-VI and VII-VII of FIG. 5;
• - fig. 8 is a perspective view of the device of FIG. 4;
• - fig. 9 is a perspective view of a building fitted with scaffolding fixed by means of devices according to the invention:
• - fig. 10 is a partial perspective view of the roof of FIG. 1 with its cover;
• - fig. 11 is a perspective view of a cover element of FIG. 10;
• - fig. 12 is an exploded perspective view showing other cover elements giving access to the anchor bar;
• - fig. 13 is a partial perspective view of the roof fitted with the elements of FIG. 12;
• - fig. 14 is a side elevation view and half-section of an alternative embodiment of the removable member in the retaining position on the anchor bar;
• - fig. 15 is a view of the removable member of FIG. 14 being engaged in the anchor bar, and
• - lafig. 16 is a view similar to FIG. 14 but partial and after locking the removable member in the retaining position.

With reference to fig. 1, a flat anchor bar 1 is placed on rafters 2 of a roof to run parallel to the horizontal edge of the roof. This bar, which constitutes a fixed part, is fixed to the rafters by jumpers 3 made of folded thin sheet metal, which embrace the bar and are folded against the lateral faces of the rafters where they are fixed by nails 4 which are thus driven perpendicular to any possible tearing force. The bar 1 is placed between two strips 10 for hanging the cover. The jumpers 3 effectively prevent the bar 1 from turning, in particular along an axis parallel to its longitudinal direction.

The bar 1 is normally produced in sections such as 1 a, 1 b of reduced length (2 m for example) to facilitate transport, and these sections are assembled by superposition of their ends by means of bolts 5 with square neck engaged in also square holes in the bar, so as to facilitate assembly by means of a single key (fig. 2).

A number of equidistant slots 6 are distributed over the length of the bar 1, with their largest dimension parallel to the length of the bar. These slots have a circular widening 7 which is not located in the middle of the slot.

A removable member 8 (see also fig. 3) is constituted by an elongated massive metal piece having at one of its ends a flat part 9 of thickness e1 greater than the width of the slots 6. In the vicinity of the end of the removable member 8, a flat part 9a has a thickness e2 less than the width of the slots 6. Between the flat parts 9 and 9a, separated by a distance barely greater than the thickness of the bar 1, a constricted section 11 whose width C is greater than the thickness e2 for reasons of resistance and which is offset from the longitudinal axis of the member 8. The ends of the constricted section 11 are rounded along substantially the same radius than that of the circular enlargement 7 of the slots 6. The total width A of the member 8 is slightly less than the length of the slots 6.

The removable member 8 comprises stiffening wings 12 which are profiled externally along a portion of cylinder enveloping said member. At the end opposite to the flat part 9, an orifice 13 is provided for fixing any machine such as a carabiner 14.

Towards the middle of the member 8 is made a notch 15 whose role will be explained later.

To set up the removable member 8 on the bar 1, the flat part 9a is engaged in a slot 6 until the flat part 9 abuts on the bar because of its thickness. Then the member 8 is made to turn a quarter of a turn to bring it into a retaining position, shown in FIG. 1. The constricted part 11 is, by construction, concentric with the enlargement 7, while the bar 1 is closely engaged between the parts 9 and 9a on either side of the constriction 11.

The member 8 is then positioned with a high degree of reliability, in the manner of a key engaged and turned in a lock. In particular, the member 8 is effectively prevented from rotating relative to the bar 1 along an axis parallel to the longitudinal direction of the bar 1.

Thus, the cooperation between the removable member 8 and the bar 1 is such that neither the bar 1 nor the member 8 can pivot about an axis parallel to the longitudinal direction of the bar 1, the member 8 is kept erect projecting relative to the outer face of the cover, substantially perpendicular to the latter. The removable member 8 can therefore support without moving loads directed vertically downwards, or even parallel to the lines of the greatest slope of the roofing section considered.

The disengagement can only occur by rotation of a quarter turn, and this rotation must be carried out in the proper direction due to the misalignment of the throttled section 11, which makes it highly unlikely that spontaneous disengagement under the effect of vibrations or analogous mechanical phenomena.

As shown in fig. 10 in the example of a slate cover 31, some of these can be replaced above the anchor bar 1 by special cover elements 32, made of cover metal such as zinc, having same format as the slates 31 and same means of fixing to the battens 10. As shown in fig. 11 where such an element 32 is shown in more detail, these fixing means consist of two orifices 33 intended to receive a nail (not shown).

The element 32 comprises a plate 34 comprising the holes 33 and which will therefore be fixed on the roof. This plate includes a light 36.

During the production of the bar 1, it was made so that the spacing of the slots 6 corresponds to the spacing of the slates 31, or to a multiple thereof, and to the positioning, the longitudinal position was adjusted of the bar 1 relative to the planned position of the slates 31 so that the openings 36 of the elements 32 each come opposite a slot 6. As shown in FIG. 10, an element 32 has not been placed above each slot 6, but only in certain judiciously chosen locations. The large number of slots 6 in the bar 1, for example every 15 cm, allows with bars of a single model to arrange in each particular case of the building the anchor points at the most favorable locations.

The element 32 also includes a cover 37 covering substantially the entire side of the plate 34 facing the outside of the building. The cover 37 is slidably mounted in two slides 38 formed by the lateral edges of the plate 34, folded 180 ° towards one another. The plate 34 further comprises at its lower edge a tongue 39 curved towards the outside of the building to stop the cover 37 in the closed position.

In the absence of work, the cover 37 is closed in abutment against the tongue 39. When the building must be repaired without removing the cover, the position of the slots 6 to be used is signaled outside by the presence of the elements 32 The cover 37 of an element 32 is slid to reveal the light 36, any covering elements such as slates 31 are deposited, which are partially covered by the element 32 and are therefore interposed between the light 36 and the corresponding slot 6, and the anchoring member 8 (fig. 10) is installed in the slot 6 thus made visible.

It will be noted that even if slates 31 had to be deposited, the covering remains substantially continuous since the element 32 which rests by its lower edge on a batten 10 covers by this edge the slates such as 31 (not shown) fixed to this batten.

The realization of fig. 12 and 13 is intended to avoid having to dismantle normal cover elements such as 31 to access the slots 6, in the case of a roof where the cover elements overlap in staggered rows so that there is everywhere at least three cover thicknesses. The embodiment shown relates to a tiled roof, but the structure can be transposed to other materials such as slate.

This realization uses three types of special elements. An underlying element 32a comprises, at the limit of its upper third, intended to be against the anchor bar 1 in line with a slot 6, a rectangular light 36a surrounded by a rectangular chimney 41 directed towards the outside of the cover. The walls of the chimney each have a rectangular ventilation hole 42 at a distance from the flat part of the element 32a. At its top, the chimney 41 is closed by a sliding cover 43 overhanging the openings 42 to prevent water entering by this route.

Two intermediate elements 32b each have at the limit of its lower third a rectangular notch 36b in its edge adjacent to the other element 32b. When the elements 32b are placed in their service position on the roof, the two notches 36b complement each other to form an opening adapted to the section of the chimney 41 and surround it fairly closely.

A covering element 32c has in its lower edge a rectangular notch 36c, the dimensions of which correspond to the half-section of the chimney 41.

As shown in fig. 13, on the roof thus constructed, we see appear the openings 42 fully released from the notches 36b and 36c through which the chimney 41 projects.

To set up an anchoring member 8, the cover 43 is opened, which gives direct access to the slot 6.

In addition, the building is equipped with a certain number of other fixed parts (FIGS. 5 to 8), each consisting of a tube 20 embedded in the masonry of a wall 22 and emerging at the surface of the wall. In the vicinity of its bottom, this tube comprises a web 21 having a slot 26 with a circular widening 27.

The web 21 with its slot 26 plays exactly the same role as the aforementioned bar 1 with its slot 6 to receive a removable member 8 which is exactly the same in both cases.

The internal diameter of the tube 20 is slightly greater than the width A of the member 8, which allows easy rotation of this member with a view to its passage into the retaining position, this rotation being moreover guided by the profiled wings 12 which marry the wall of the tube.

To improve safety, a lug 30 is formed on the lower wall of the tube 20 to cooperate with the notch 15 of the member 8.

H and B marks are provided on an outer rim 31 of the tube in order to indicate the appropriate direction of rotation to give to the member 8 for its locking.

In the example of figs. 14 to 16, the removable member 8, adaptable to the anchor bar 1 of FIGS. 1 to 9, comprises an anchor 44 consisting of a threaded central rod 46 at the end of which are fixed two opposite arms 47 whose free ends 48 are bent on the side of the rod 46. The diameter of the rod 46 is equal , apart from the engagement clearance, that of the bulge 7 of each slot 6. The width of the arms 47 allows them to pass through the slot 6. The free distance between the two bent ends 48 corresponds substantially to the width of the bar 1 The distance between the axis of the bulge 7 and the end of the slot 6 which is furthest from it (due to the offset of the bulge 7) is greater than the straight overall length of each arm 47.

The member & also comprises a clamping sleeve 45 consisting of two nuts 49 welded on either side of a coaxial tubular spacer 51 and engaged on the threaded rod 46, the end of which opposite the arms 47 carries a ring 52.

As shown in fig.15 (where the sleeve 45 has been omitted), one of the arms 47 is engaged in the slot 6 on the shortest side relative to the bulge 7, and the bent end 48 is thus passed under the bar 1, so that the rod 46 is opposite the bulge 7.

Then fold the other arm 47 into the other part of the slot 6 and rotate the rod 46 a quarter turn so that the ends 48 engage on either side of the bar 1 ( fig. 14). Then screwed on the rod 46 the sleeve 45 which until now has been sufficiently spaced from the arms 47 to allow the operations described above.

At the end of tightening (fig. 16) the bush 45 locks the member 8 in the retaining position.

The devices which have just been described allow the installation of scaffolding of various types (FIG. 9), such as gangways 101 for facade work, with suspension on the roof and recovery on the facade, or consoles 102 for work on the roof, or uprights 103 for supporting a shelter canvas. The equidistant distribution of the slots 6 makes it possible to use scaffolding material made of prefabricated elements. It will have been noted that the devices 102 include supports on the cover, but this is inherent in this type of device and does not affect the system according to the invention.

The device also allows the attachment of individual safety harnesses.

This hanging device applies to roofs of all types and all slopes.

Of course, the invention is not limited to examples described but covers any constructive variant within the reach of ordinary skill in the art.

In particular, it is possible to dispense with the special elements 32 and provide access to the anchor bar by removing the covering elements covering the slots such as 6.

It is possible to provide anchor bars in any position, and in particular parallel to the lines of greatest slope of the roof. A bar could thus be fixed by brackets next to a rafter in the vicinity of a lateral edge of the roof, to allow the installation of a safety balustrade. In this case, the slots such as 6 could be perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bar.

It is precisely one of the advantages of the invention that it does not require the anchor bar to be transverse to the rafters.

In addition, the invention is of course in no way limited to wooden frames, and it is in particular applicable to metal frames.

Claims (16)

1. System for fastening to a building, comprising at least one fixed component constituted by an anchoring bar (1 ) which is intended to be attached to at least one rafter (2) of the building framework (2, 10), at least one removable member (8) for supporting equipment items (101, 102) such as scaffolding for maintenance of the building, and means (6, 7, 9, 9a, 11) for mutually attaching the removable member (8) to the anchoring bar (1) and contributing to the rigid position-maintenance of the removable member (&), characterized in that the bar (1) is mounted in a fixed angular position relatively to the framework (2, 10) and thatthe attachment means (6, 7, 9, 9a, 11) are of a type known per se for achieving rigid interengagement when they are in a retaining position, and that this interengagement maintains the removable member (8) in an upright position relatively to the plane of the framework considered.

2. System in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that the removable member is a key (8) which can be rotatably displaced between a position of removability and a retaining position.

3. System in accordance with Claim 2, characterized in that it comprises means (45, 48) whereby the removable member (8) can be prevented at will from leaving its retaining position.

4. System in accordance with Claim 3, characterized in that the anchoring bar (1) is flat and provided with longitudinal slots (6) and that the removable member (8) comprises on the one hand an anchor (44), the central stem (46) of which is threaded and the two arms (47) of which can be engaged in one of the slots (6), then rotated so that their extremities (48) come into a position of engagement on each side of the anchoring bar (1 ) and on the other hand a nut (45) which can be screwed on the central stem (46) so as to maintain the anchor (44) engaged on the lateral edges of the anchoring bar (1).

5. System in accordance with Claim 2, characterized in that it comprises at least one other fixed component constituted by a tube (20) which is intended to be embedded in the masonry of a wall (22) and is provided internally with retaining means (21, 26) which are intended to cooperate with the same removable members (8) as the anchoring bar (1).

6. System in accordance with Claim 5, characterized in that the removable member (8) comprises stiffening flanges (12) so shaped as to correspond to the internal wall of the tube (20).

7. System in accordance with either of Claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the removable member (8) comprises a recess (15) for cooperating with a lug (30) formed on the internal wall of the tube (20).

8. System in accordance with anyone of Claims 1, 2 or 5 to 7, characterized in that the removable member (8) comprises a flat portion (9a) having a necked section (11), each fixed component (1, 21 ) being provided with a slot (6, 26) for receiving said flat portion, and this slot being provided with a widened zone (7, 27) in order to permit rotation of the necked section (11).

9. System in accordance with Claim 8, characterized in that the necked section (11) of the removable member (8) is displaced off-centre with respect to the flat portion (9a) of this member.

10. System in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the bar (1) is intended to be placed on rafters (2) and to be fixed thereon by means of staples (3) which embrace the rafters.

11. System in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the bar (1) is constructed in a plurality of segments (l a, 1b) joined together by superposition of their end portions.

12. System in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises covering elements (32, 32a, 32b, 32c) which are intended to the placed in position on the attachment means (6,7) carried by the anchoring bar (1) and comprise an opening (36, 36a, 36b, 36c) which provides access to said means (6, 7) and which is obturatable at least to a partial extent by means of a movable cover (37, 43).

13. System in accordance with Claim 12, characterized in that the cover (17, 43) is capable of sliding.

14. System in accordance with either of Claims 12 or 13, characterized in that, even in the closed position of the cover (43), the opening (36a, 36b, 36c) communicates with the exterior while being protected against bad weather conditions in such a manner as to constitute a ventilation path.

15. System in accordance with any one of Claims 12 to 14, characterized in that it comprises a subjacent covering element (32a) having an opening (36a) surrounded by a chimney (41) which is obturatable at its free end, and at least one element (32b, 32c) which is intended to cover the zone of the subjacent element (32a) provided with the chimney (41 ) and which is recessed in order to provide a passage for the chimney (41).

16. Application of the system in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 15 to the erection of scaffolding on the wall or roof of a building.

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