EP0098397A1 - A fan shroud attached to a water cooler of an internal-combustion engine - Google Patents
A fan shroud attached to a water cooler of an internal-combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0098397A1 EP0098397A1 EP83105599A EP83105599A EP0098397A1 EP 0098397 A1 EP0098397 A1 EP 0098397A1 EP 83105599 A EP83105599 A EP 83105599A EP 83105599 A EP83105599 A EP 83105599A EP 0098397 A1 EP0098397 A1 EP 0098397A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- fan
- radiator frame
- fan wheel
- combustion engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
- F01P11/12—Filtering, cooling, or silencing cooling-air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
- F01P11/10—Guiding or ducting cooling-air, to, or from, liquid-to-air heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P5/00—Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants
- F01P5/02—Pumping cooling-air; Arrangements of cooling-air pumps, e.g. fans or blowers
- F01P5/06—Guiding or ducting air to, or from, ducted fans
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/001—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core
- F28F9/002—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core with fastening means for other structures
Definitions
- the invention relates to a radiator frame attached to a water cooler of a water-cooled internal combustion engine of commercial vehicles, in which the fan wheel mounted on the internal combustion engine is arranged within the flow opening.
- radiator frame which means the fan ring surrounding the fan wheel
- the cooler-proof mounting of the fan frame has the disadvantage that due to the mostly different elastic bearing conditions of the radiator and internal combustion engine on the vehicle frame, the fan wheel performs relative movements with respect to the radiator frame. This makes it necessary to provide a relatively large gap between cooler frame and fan wheel to compensate for these relative movements, which leads to large gap losses in terms of flow technology and thus to a reduction in the fan output.
- this gap can be kept relatively small, since there are no relative movements between the fan wheel and the radiator frame.
- an elastic connection e.g. a rubber sleeve must be bridged.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of improving this for water-cooled internal combustion engines with a cooler-proof radiator frame in such a way that the disadvantages present in the known radiator frames are avoided.
- the radiator frame according to the invention has the advantage that no elastic connecting means are required and thus the higher assembly costs and later maintenance work are eliminated and that the gap losses are not greater than when the radiator frame is mounted on the engine. Depending on the design of the bearing elements of the internal combustion engine and the radiator frame, the gap losses can be kept even smaller.
- This advantage is based on the fact that, in the case of relative movements between the fan wheel and the radiator frame, the fan wheel at the points on the radiator frame where it touches the elastic covering of the radiator frame, automatically cuts or digs into it until it has the necessary space for has created an unobstructed rotation.
- radiator frame can be achieved if its housing including the radiator hood made of plastic, e.g. Polyurethane foam is made.
- metallic reinforcements are provided for the housing made of polyurethane foam or plastic.
- a relatively large-volume housing which is suitable for accommodating a large fan wheel designed for maximum cooling capacity, the diameter of the flow opening of the Radiator frame can be changed by applying a different thickness of plastic coating on the inside of the housing and can thus be adapted to fan wheels with different diameters.
- 1 denotes a water cooler of an internal combustion engine, not shown, to which a funnel-shaped radiator hood 2 is fastened to the engine side and merges into the cylindrical radiator frame 3.
- Radiator hood 2 and radiator frame 3 form a common housing 4, the cylindrical housing part of the radiator frame 3 having a flow opening 5 in which the fan wheel 6 mounted on the internal combustion engine is arranged. Since the fan wheel 6 and the housing 4 are mounted independently of one another on the vehicle frame of the commercial vehicle and thus form separate vibration systems, this results in frames twists or due to the softer motor mounting relative movements between the radiator frame 3 and the fan wheel 6. To compensate for these relative movements, a relatively large gap is therefore usually present between the radiator frame 3 and the fan wheel 6 in the known radiator fan arrangements.
- the inside 7 of the radiator frame 3 is now covered with an elastic plastic, such as polyurethane foam 8.
- the thickness of the plastic covering is dimensioned such that the flow opening has a diameter (D frame ) which is the same as the diameter (D fan ) of the fan wheel 6.
- D frame the diameter of the flow opening 5
- D fan the diameter of the flow opening 5
- the diameter of the flow opening 5 can also be slightly larger . If relative movements now occur between the radiator frame 3 and the fan wheel 6, the fan wheel 6 will scrape or milled off at the points where it contacts the elastic coating 8 until it can rotate freely within the flow opening 5. Depending on the vibration behavior of the cooler 1 and fan wheel 6, these cutouts of the elastic covering 8 can occur at several points on the frame.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine an einem Wasserkühler einer wassergekühlten Brennkraftmaschine von Nutzfahrzeugen befestigte Kühlerzarge, bei der innerhalb der Strömungsöffnung das an der Brennkraftmaschine gelagerte Lüfterrad angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a radiator frame attached to a water cooler of a water-cooled internal combustion engine of commercial vehicles, in which the fan wheel mounted on the internal combustion engine is arranged within the flow opening.
Bei wassergekühlten Brennkraftmaschinen von Nutzfahrzeugen ist es bekannt, die Kühlerzarge, womit der das Lüfterrad umgebende Lüfterring gemeint ist, entweder zusammen mit der Lüfterhaube am Kühler zu befestigen, oder aber die Kühlerzarge getrennt von der Lüfterhaube an der Brennkraftmaschine zu lagern.In water-cooled internal combustion engines of commercial vehicles, it is known to either attach the radiator frame, which means the fan ring surrounding the fan wheel, to the radiator together with the fan hood, or to store the radiator frame on the internal combustion engine separately from the fan hood.
Die kühlerfeste Lagerung der Lüfterzarge hat den Nachteil, daß aufgrund der meist unterschiedlichen elastischen Lagerungsverhältnisse von Kühler und Brennkraftmaschine am Fahrzeugrahmen das Lüfterrad gegenüber der Kühlerzarge Relativbewegungen ausführt. Hierdurch ist es notwendig, zwischen Kühlerzarge und Lüfterrad einen verhältnismäßig großen Spalt zum Ausgleich dieser Relativbewegungen vorzusehen, der strömungstechnisch zu großen Spaltverlusten und damit zu einer Verminderung der Lüfterleistung führt.The cooler-proof mounting of the fan frame has the disadvantage that due to the mostly different elastic bearing conditions of the radiator and internal combustion engine on the vehicle frame, the fan wheel performs relative movements with respect to the radiator frame. This makes it necessary to provide a relatively large gap between cooler frame and fan wheel to compensate for these relative movements, which leads to large gap losses in terms of flow technology and thus to a reduction in the fan output.
Bei der motorfesten Lagerung der Kühlerzarge kann dieser Spalt verhältnismäßig klein gehalten werden, da hier zwischen Lüfterrad und Kühlerzarge keine Relativbewegungen auftreten. Jedoch ist von Nachteil, daß zur Verbesserung der Kühlluftführung der hier zwischen Kühlerhaube und Kühlerzarge liegende Spalt durch eine elastische Verbindung, wie z.B. eine Gummimanschette überbrückt werden muß.When the radiator frame is mounted on the engine, this gap can be kept relatively small, since there are no relative movements between the fan wheel and the radiator frame. However, it is disadvantageous that, in order to improve the cooling air flow, the gap here between the radiator hood and the radiator frame by an elastic connection, e.g. a rubber sleeve must be bridged.
Hierdurch vergrößert sich einmal der Montageaufwand und z.a. unterliegt die Gummimanschette dem Verschleiß.This increases the assembly effort and e.g. the rubber sleeve is subject to wear.
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt daher der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, für wassergekühlte Brennkraftmaschinen mit einer kühlerfesten Kühlerzarge diese so zu verbessern, daß die bei den bekannten Kühlerzargen vorhandenen Nachteile vermieden werden.Starting from this prior art, the invention is therefore based on the object of improving this for water-cooled internal combustion engines with a cooler-proof radiator frame in such a way that the disadvantages present in the known radiator frames are avoided.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of
Die erfindungsgemäße Kühlerzarge hat den Vorteil, daß keine elastischen Verbindungsmittel benötigt werden und somit der höhere Montageaufwand uns spätere Wartungsarbeiten entfallen und daß trotzdem die Spaltverluste nicht größer sind, als bei einer motorfesten Lagerung der Kühlerzarge. Je nach konstruktiver Auslegung der Lagerelemente von Brennkraftmaschine und Kühlerzarge können die Spaltverluste sogar noch kleiner gehalten werden.The radiator frame according to the invention has the advantage that no elastic connecting means are required and thus the higher assembly costs and later maintenance work are eliminated and that the gap losses are not greater than when the radiator frame is mounted on the engine. Depending on the design of the bearing elements of the internal combustion engine and the radiator frame, the gap losses can be kept even smaller.
Dieser Vorteil beruht darauf, daß sich bei Relativbewegungen zwischen Lüfterrad und Kühlerzarge das Lüfterrad an den Stellen der Kühlerzarge, an denen es den elastischen Belag der Kühlerzarge berührt, diesen dabei soweit selbsttätig abfräßt bzw. sich in diesen eingräbt, bis es sich den notwendigen Freiraum für eine ungehinderte Drehbewegung geschaffen hat.This advantage is based on the fact that, in the case of relative movements between the fan wheel and the radiator frame, the fan wheel at the points on the radiator frame where it touches the elastic covering of the radiator frame, automatically cuts or digs into it until it has the necessary space for has created an unobstructed rotation.
Eine weitere Vereinfachung der Herstellung der Kühlerzarge läßt sich dadurch erreichen, wenn dessen Gehäuse einschließlich der Kühlerhaube aus Kunststoff, z.B. Polyurethanschaum, hergestellt ist.A further simplification of the manufacture of the radiator frame can be achieved if its housing including the radiator hood made of plastic, e.g. Polyurethane foam is made.
Zur Verbesserung der Festigkeit ist es dabei vorteilhaft, wenn für das aus Polyurethanschaum oder Kunststoff hergestellte Gehäuse metallische Verstärkungen vorgesehen sind.To improve the strength, it is advantageous if metallic reinforcements are provided for the housing made of polyurethane foam or plastic.
Um in weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung eine möglichst gute Geräuschisolierung zu erreichen wird vorgeschlagen, daß bei einem aus Blech hergestellten Gehäuse die gesamte Innenfläche mit einem geräuschabsorbierenden Kunststoff belegt ist und daß somit das Gehäuse als Absorberkanal zur Verringerung der Lüftergeräusche dient.In order to achieve the best possible noise insulation in a further embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that, in the case of a housing made of sheet metal, the entire inner surface is covered with a noise-absorbing plastic, and that the housing thus serves as an absorber channel to reduce fan noise.
Um zu erreichen, daß für verschiedene Kühlergrößen mit ebenfalls unterschiedlichen großen Lüfterrädern nur ein auf eine Baugröße ausgelegtes Gehäuse bereitgestellt werden muß, wird ein verhältnismäßig großvolumiges Gehäuse vorgeschlagen, das zur Aufnahme eines auf größtmögliche Kühlleistung ausgelegten großen Lüfterrades geeignet ist, wobei der Durchmesser der Strömungsöffnung der Kühlerzarge durch Aufbringung eines unterschiedlich dicken Kunststoffbelages auf der Gehäuseeinnenseite veränderbar und somit an Lüfterrädern mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern angepaßt werden kann.In order to ensure that only one housing designed for one size needs to be provided for different cooler sizes with likewise large fan wheels, a relatively large-volume housing is proposed which is suitable for accommodating a large fan wheel designed for maximum cooling capacity, the diameter of the flow opening of the Radiator frame can be changed by applying a different thickness of plastic coating on the inside of the housing and can thus be adapted to fan wheels with different diameters.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung schematisch dargestellt.In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown schematically.
In der Zeichnung ist mit 1 ein Wasserkühler einer nicht näher dargestellten Brennkraftmaschine bezeichnet, an dem zur Motorseite hin eine trichterförmig ausgestaltete Kühlerhaube 2 befestigt ist, die in die zylinderförmige Kühlerzarge 3 übergeht. Kühlerhaube 2 und Kühlerzarge 3 bilden ein gemeinsames Gehäuse 4, wobei das zylinderische Gehäuseteil der Kühlerzarge 3 eine Strömungsöffnung 5 hat, in der das an der Brennkraftmaschine gelagerte Lüfterrad 6 angeordnet ist. Da das Lüfterrad 6 und das Gehäuse 4 unabhängig voneinander am Fahrzeugrahmen des Nutzfahrzeuges gelagert sind und somit getrennte Schwingungssysteme bilden, ergeben sich bei Rahmenverwindungen oder durch die weichere Motorlagerung Relativbewegungen zwischen der Kühlerzarge 3 und dem Lüfterrad 6. Zum Ausgleich dieser Relativbewegungen ist bei den bekannten Kühler-Lüfteranordnungen daher meist zwischen der Kühlerzarge 3 und dem Lüfterrad 6 ein verhältnismäßig großer Spalt vorhanden.In the drawing, 1 denotes a water cooler of an internal combustion engine, not shown, to which a funnel-shaped radiator hood 2 is fastened to the engine side and merges into the
Gemäß der Erfindung ist nun die Innenseite 7 der Kühlerzarge 3 mit einem elastischen Kunststoff, wie z.B. Polyurethanschaum 8 belegt. Die Dicke des Kunststoffbelages ist so bemessen, daß die Strömungsöffnung einen Durchmesser (DZarge) hat, der gleich ist, dem Durchmesser (DLüfter) des Lüfterrades 6. Aus Montagegründen ist es selbstverständlich, daß der Durchmesser der Strömungsöffnung 5 auch geringfügig größer sein kann. Treten nun Relativbewegungen zwischen der Kühlerzarge 3 und dem Lüfterrad 6 auf, so wird das Lüfterrad 6 an den Stellen, an denen es den elastischen Belag 8 berührt, diesen soweit abschaben bzw. abfräßen, bis es sich innerhalb der Strömungsöffnung 5 frei drehen kann. Je nach dem Schwingungsverhalten von Kühler 1 und Lüfterrad 6 können diese Ausfräßungen des elastischen Belages 8 an mehreren Stellen der Zarge auftreten.According to the invention, the
Bei einem aus Blech hergestellten Gehäuse 4 ist es zur Reduzierung der Lüftergeräusche denkbar, daß die gesamte Innenseite mit einem geräuschabsorbierenden Kunststoffmaterial 9 ausgekleidet ist.In a
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3225653 | 1982-07-09 | ||
DE19823225653 DE3225653A1 (en) | 1982-07-09 | 1982-07-09 | COOLER COVER FIXED TO A WATER COOLER OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0098397A1 true EP0098397A1 (en) | 1984-01-18 |
Family
ID=6167992
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83105599A Withdrawn EP0098397A1 (en) | 1982-07-09 | 1983-06-08 | A fan shroud attached to a water cooler of an internal-combustion engine |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0098397A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3225653A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4014496C1 (en) * | 1990-05-07 | 1991-07-18 | Audi Ag, 8070 Ingolstadt, De | Cooling system between radiator and engine of motor vehicle - includes plastic section fixed to radiator and guide collar made of soft elastic elastomer which surrounds fan blades |
RU2471739C1 (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-01-10 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Crude mixture for making artificial rock |
EP2990655A1 (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2016-03-02 | CNH Industrial Italia S.p.A. | Fan assembly with shroud wear ring for a work vehicle |
CN105626224A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2016-06-01 | 陕西重型汽车有限公司 | Air protection device for vehicle fan and heavy automobile |
EP3587760A1 (en) * | 2018-06-30 | 2020-01-01 | Deere & Company | Cooling system |
FR3093759A1 (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2020-09-18 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | TANGENTIAL TURBOMACHINE ELECTRIC MOTOR VEHICLE COOLING MODULE |
WO2020237273A1 (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2020-12-03 | Euler Rolle Thomas | Cooler |
EP4119779A1 (en) | 2021-07-14 | 2023-01-18 | ebm-papst Mulfingen GmbH & Co. KG | Cooling device with two separated front surfaces |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3799128A (en) * | 1973-03-08 | 1974-03-26 | Gen Motors Corp | Engine cooling system radiator and fan shroud |
DE2506364A1 (en) * | 1975-02-14 | 1976-08-19 | Volkswagenwerk Ag | Noise reduction method for radiator impeller - ring fitted close to impeller ends is made from acoustically absorbent material |
FR2330859A1 (en) * | 1975-11-05 | 1977-06-03 | Matec Holding | Cooling fan for car radiator - with fan noise reduced by lining cowl with porous plastics |
DE2631988A1 (en) * | 1976-07-16 | 1978-01-19 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Tractor with air cooled IC engine - has resilient connector between fan and filter |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2703227A1 (en) * | 1977-01-27 | 1978-08-03 | Volkswagenwerk Ag | Noise damping housing for engine vehicle - has deflecting air inlet and screened air and exhaust pipe outlets |
-
1982
- 1982-07-09 DE DE19823225653 patent/DE3225653A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1983
- 1983-06-08 EP EP83105599A patent/EP0098397A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3799128A (en) * | 1973-03-08 | 1974-03-26 | Gen Motors Corp | Engine cooling system radiator and fan shroud |
DE2506364A1 (en) * | 1975-02-14 | 1976-08-19 | Volkswagenwerk Ag | Noise reduction method for radiator impeller - ring fitted close to impeller ends is made from acoustically absorbent material |
FR2330859A1 (en) * | 1975-11-05 | 1977-06-03 | Matec Holding | Cooling fan for car radiator - with fan noise reduced by lining cowl with porous plastics |
DE2631988A1 (en) * | 1976-07-16 | 1978-01-19 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Tractor with air cooled IC engine - has resilient connector between fan and filter |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4014496C1 (en) * | 1990-05-07 | 1991-07-18 | Audi Ag, 8070 Ingolstadt, De | Cooling system between radiator and engine of motor vehicle - includes plastic section fixed to radiator and guide collar made of soft elastic elastomer which surrounds fan blades |
RU2471739C1 (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-01-10 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Crude mixture for making artificial rock |
CN105386993B (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2019-06-14 | 凯斯纽荷兰(中国)管理有限公司 | A kind of fan component and its Working vehicle for Working vehicle |
CN105386993A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2016-03-09 | 凯斯纽荷兰(中国)管理有限公司 | Fan assembly with shroud wear ring for work vehicle |
US10174481B2 (en) | 2014-08-26 | 2019-01-08 | Cnh Industrial America Llc | Shroud wear ring for a work vehicle |
EP2990655A1 (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2016-03-02 | CNH Industrial Italia S.p.A. | Fan assembly with shroud wear ring for a work vehicle |
CN105626224A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2016-06-01 | 陕西重型汽车有限公司 | Air protection device for vehicle fan and heavy automobile |
EP3587760A1 (en) * | 2018-06-30 | 2020-01-01 | Deere & Company | Cooling system |
US10823039B2 (en) | 2018-06-30 | 2020-11-03 | Deere & Company | Cooling system |
FR3093759A1 (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2020-09-18 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | TANGENTIAL TURBOMACHINE ELECTRIC MOTOR VEHICLE COOLING MODULE |
WO2020188192A1 (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2020-09-24 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Cooling module for an electric motor vehicle, comprising a tangential-flow turbomachine |
WO2020237273A1 (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2020-12-03 | Euler Rolle Thomas | Cooler |
CN113544367A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2021-10-22 | 托马斯·奥伊勒罗勒 | Cooling device |
EP4119779A1 (en) | 2021-07-14 | 2023-01-18 | ebm-papst Mulfingen GmbH & Co. KG | Cooling device with two separated front surfaces |
DE102021118148A1 (en) | 2021-07-14 | 2023-01-19 | Ebm-Papst Mulfingen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Cooling device with two partial surfaces that can be subjected to flow separately from one another at the end faces |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3225653A1 (en) | 1984-03-15 |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT DE FR GB NL SE |
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Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19840919 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: SCHMID, JOHANN Inventor name: MAY, WALTER Inventor name: BARTSCH, ERHARD |