Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
  • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
  • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
  • E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
  • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
  • E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
  • E04C2/205—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics of foamed plastics, or of plastics and foamed plastics, optionally reinforced
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
  • E04D3/35—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
  • E04D3/351—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material
  • E04D3/352—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material at least one insulating layer being located between non-insulating layers, e.g. double skin slabs or sheets

Definitions

• the present invention relates to composite materials of the self-supporting sandwich panel type, usable in particular as prefabricated roofing elements for buildings, and to the process for obtaining them.
• Self-supporting sandwich panels consist of an insulating core of polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam comprised between a metal sheet, for example made of ribbed steel, and a sheet of sealing coating. These panels are used in the building industry. They are in particular manufactured by a continuous process consisting of unwinding and shaping a steel sheet, simultaneously unwinding a sheet of sealing coating, injecting between the two sheets a polyol, an isocyanate and a blowing agent, to cause continuously polymerizing and expanding the resin and cutting the panel obtained to the desired size. A process of this kind is for example described in French patent n ° 2,003,281.
• a sheet of bitumen or a mixture of bitumen and reinforced elastomer is advantageously used (that is to say comprising in its thickness a reinforcement constituted for example by a veil of glass fibers) .
• the sandwich panels thus produced frequently have surface defects corresponding to the appearance of folds or blisters on the surface of the sealing sheet.
• release in the foam of the blowing agent or of C0 2 by the action of traces of water on the isocyanate removal of the foam during cooling during manufacturing, insufficient adhesion between the sealing layer and the foam.
• These defects appear either at the end of manufacture, or subsequently during storage or after implementation. They are particularly troublesome insofar as they harm the surface appearance and / or the longevity of the covers produced by causing disorders even after application of the final sealing layer.
• the present invention relates to new panels which can be obtained continuously without exhibiting the surface defects found in the prior art. They also provide improved adhesion of the foam sealant sheet.
• the composite materials of the sandwich panel type according to the invention comprise an insulating core of polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam situated between a rigid sheet and a bitumen-based waterproofing coating sheet and they are characterized in that they comprise, between the sealing sheet and the insulating foam core, a layer of fibrous material.
• the insulating core of the sandwich panels according to the invention consists, as is known per se, of rigid polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam.
• the diisocyanates generally used are toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI), polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate (PAPI).
• the polyols used are compounds with hydroxyl functions obtained either by esterification of polyacids with polyols (saturated polyesters) or by the action of polyols on propylene oxide (polyethers).
• the blowing agent is usually trichlorofluoromethane or freon 11. Water acts on the isocyanate functions with release of C0 2 which participates in the expansion.
• the catalyst is generally a tertiary amine.
• Polyisocyanurate foams are obtained by reducing the quantity of polyol and by using specific catalysts which cause trimerization of isocyanate molecules.
• the rigid sheet used for the manufacture of sandwich panels according to the invention is for example constituted by a ribbed steel sheet from a few tenths of a millimeter to a few millimeters thick. Instead of steel, a sheet of rigid plastic or another metal can be used.
• the sealing coating sheet is formed from distillation bitumens or oxidized bitumens or mixtures of bitumen and elastomer known per se.
• the mixtures of bitumen and elastomer comprise for example 3 to 15% of an elastomer such as butadiene-styrene rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer monomer, polynorbornene, or else 10 to 15% of polypropylene.
• the sealing coating sheet can be reinforced, that is to say comprise in its thickness a fibrous material such as a veil of glass fibers or a mat of polyester fibers.
• the layer of fibrous material used according to the invention comprises mineral fibers (glass fibers, asbestos fibers) and / or organic fibers (synthetic fibers, etc.).
• mineral fibers glass fibers, asbestos fibers
• organic fibers synthetic fibers, etc.
• a polyester fiber mat is advantageously used.
• the layer of fibrous material can be continuous, that is to say interposed between the sealing coating sheet and the foam over their entire surface, or else discontinuous (for example having perforations), that is to say say allowing direct contact surfaces between the waterproofing sheet and the foam.
• a sheet of waterproofing covering comprising a layer of bitumen deposited on one of the faces of the sheet is used according to the invention.
• reinforcement the other face of the reinforcement coming into contact with the insulation. This improves the adhesion of the sealing sheet to the foam considerably (the breaking stress and the peeling force are considerably increased) and acts as a layer for removing gases from the foam.
• the reinforcement thus deposited absorbs dimensional variations due to the shrinkage of polymerization and to thermal stresses during use.
• the present invention further relates to a method for manufacturing the panels according to the invention. More precisely, a rigid sheet is continuously unrolled and / or conformed, a waterproofing coating sheet, optionally reinforced, based on bitumen is unrolled simultaneously, the polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam is continuously injected between the rigid sheet and the waterproofing sheet and a layer of fibrous material is continuously unrolled between the foam and the waterproofing sheet. Then the panel is conformed to the desired thickness, the foam is hardened and finally the panel elements are cut to the desired length.
• a steel sheet 1 m ⁇ thick was formed by the formation of ribs. longitudinal and there was unrolled parallel to this sheet, at a distance of 60 mm, a layer of oxidized bitumen deposited on a non-woven polyester sheet having a mass per m2 of 150 grams. Between the polyester sheet and the steel sheet, a foam obtained from a mixture of 44 parts of polyether polyol, 155 parts of polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate (PAPI) and 31 parts of freon was injected. 11.
• PAPI polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate
• the panel thus obtained has a good surface condition, in particular without the presence of folds or blisters.
• the peel strength at 90 ° of the bitumen layer was measured.
• the decohesion force of the bitumen, on a 10 cm wide sample was 110 newtons.
• the decohesion force of the bitumen, measured under the same conditions is 60 newtons.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=9273860

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (3)

Citations (4)

• 1982
  • 1982-05-10 FR FR8208039A patent/FR2526463A1/fr active Granted
• 1983
  • 1983-05-03 AT AT83400883T patent/ATE26146T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1983-05-03 DE DE8383400883T patent/DE3370505D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1983-05-03 EP EP83400883A patent/EP0094299B1/de not_active Expired

Patent Citations (4)

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