EP0091025B1 - Circular knitting machine for manufacturing high pile sliver knitwork - Google Patents

Circular knitting machine for manufacturing high pile sliver knitwork Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0091025B1
EP0091025B1 EP83102941A EP83102941A EP0091025B1 EP 0091025 B1 EP0091025 B1 EP 0091025B1 EP 83102941 A EP83102941 A EP 83102941A EP 83102941 A EP83102941 A EP 83102941A EP 0091025 B1 EP0091025 B1 EP 0091025B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circular knitting
knitting machine
guide members
machine according
fibers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83102941A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0091025A3 (en
EP0091025A2 (en
Inventor
Adolf Seidel
Peter Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Artzt
Gerhard Prof. Dr. Dipl.-Ing Egbers
Helmut Grimm
Klaus Kunde
Anton Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Schenek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer Morat GmbH
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Sulzer Morat GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to AT83102941T priority Critical patent/ATE35004T1/en
Publication of EP0091025A2 publication Critical patent/EP0091025A2/en
Publication of EP0091025A3 publication Critical patent/EP0091025A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0091025B1 publication Critical patent/EP0091025B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B9/00—Circular knitting machines with independently-movable needles
    • D04B9/14—Circular knitting machines with independently-movable needles with provision for incorporating loose fibres, e.g. in high-pile fabrics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circular knitting or circular knitting machine of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the cards of all circular knitting or circular knitting machines of this type previously used for commercial purposes contain at least one opening or carding roller, to which a sliver is fed, and a take-off or combing roller for taking over and combing the fibers prepared by means of the opening roller into the hooks of the knitting or knitting needles.
  • the opening and combing rollers are provided with flexible, radially outwardly projecting and mutually engaged wire hooks, and the transfer of the fibers from the combing rollers to the hooks of the knitting or knitting needles takes place in that the latter are guided through the wire hooks of the combing roller (DE-PS-383 362 and DE-OS-2 343 426).
  • the mechanical engagement of the wire hooks of the combing roller in the wire hooks of the opening roller or the needle hook in the wire hooks of the combing roller results in high mechanical wear and undesirable dependencies between the speeds of the opening rollers and the combing rollers.
  • Circular knitting machines have therefore already become known which have devices for contactless combing of the fibers into the needle hooks, the term "contactless” being understood to mean that the needle hooks do not pass through fittings with wire hooks and preferably also no rollers with engaging fittings are provided need.
  • Such knitting machines (GB-PS-195 802, US-PS-3 014 355) have a dissolving device for the supplied sliver and an attached, the individual fibers in a fiber stream for transport channel, by means of which the fibers in needle hooks guided transversely to the fiber stream be inserted.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device on a circular knitting or circular knitting machine with non-contact fiber entry corresponding to the type described at the beginning, by means of which the proportion of the fibers bound by several needles via several stitches is influenced and thereby largely reduced or between two limit values can be changed optionally.
  • the invention has the surprising advantage that the division of the fiber stream at a point between the dissolving device and the combing zone by means of guide organs into several partial fiber streams has a remarkable influence on the proportion of fibers which are incorporated into the knitted or knitted fabric over several stitches .
  • By means of an appropriate arrangement and / or dimensioning of the guide elements it is also possible to control the proportion of fibers integrated over several stitches in order to produce knitted or knitted fabrics with high or low transverse elongation or with alternating transverse elongation depending on the application.
  • a circular knitting machine for the production of knitted goods 1 with combed fibers contains a generally rotatable needle cylinder 2, in which vertically displaceable knitting needles 3 with hooks 4 are mounted, which are supported in the area of at least one knitting system be moved up and down by stationary lock parts 5 in order to produce a basic knitted fabric with threads, not shown.
  • the fibers are dissolved and combed into the knitted fabric with the aid of at least one card 6 assigned to the knitting system, which is a feed device, for example consisting of two feed rollers 7 for a sliver or a fiber sliver 8, and a dissolving device intended to dissolve the fiber sliver 8 into individual fibers 9 in the form of an opening roller 10 and a combing zone 11 traversed by the knitting needles 3 or their hooks 4 for the purpose of receiving the fibers 9.
  • a feed device for example consisting of two feed rollers 7 for a sliver or a fiber sliver 8
  • a dissolving device intended to dissolve the fiber sliver 8 into individual fibers 9 in the form of an opening roller 10 and a combing zone 11 traversed by the knitting needles 3 or their hooks 4 for the purpose of receiving the fibers 9.
  • the sliver 8 is released by means of the opening roller 10, which can be rotated in the direction of an arrow P and whose circumferential or lateral surface is covered with a fitting 13 which has hooks 14 projecting outwards.
  • the opening roller 10 is driven at a peripheral speed which is substantially greater than the peripheral speed of the feed rollers 7 and therefore breaks down the fiber sliver 8 into the individual fibers 9.
  • the card 6 has a cover 15 which lies opposite the outer surface of the opening roller 10 , contains an inlet opening 16 for the fiber sliver 8 fed from the feed rollers 7 and an outlet opening 17 arranged behind it in the direction of rotation of the opening roller and opening into the combing zone 11 for the discharge of the fibers 9 and is closed at least from the inlet opening 16 to the outlet opening 17.
  • the cover 15 initially delimits a dissolving and accelerating section 18, which begins directly at the inlet opening 16 and is indicated by an arrow, within which the cover 15 has a small but otherwise constant distance of, for example, less than one millimeter from the tips of the Hook 14 of the opening roller 10 has.
  • the opening and accelerating section 18 is then followed in the direction of rotation by the opening roller 10 by a separating section 19, indicated by an arrow, which ends at the outlet opening 17 and is at a distance from the tips of the hooks 14, which gradually in the direction of rotation up to a value of for example, increases several millimeters.
  • the distance between the cover 15 and the tips of the hooks 14 is so small that the fibers taken over by the hooks 14 at the inlet opening 16 are held by the hooks 14 and transported further without getting between the covers 15 and the hook 14 result in fiber accumulations or fibers are eliminated from the transport in that loose fibers prematurely detach from the hooks due to the centrifugal force.
  • the fibers can detach from the hooks 14 under the influence of the centrifugal force.
  • the fallen fibers are in the air stream, which is formed automatically due to the high speed between the cover 15 and the outer surface of the opening roller 10 on the one hand and the inlet opening 16 and the outlet opening 17 on the other hand and is directed in the direction of arrow P, essentially tangentially and at least still transported through the combing zone 11 immediately following the outlet opening 17, which is traversed by the hooks 4 of the knitting needles 3.
  • the cover 15 is expediently part of a housing 20 which surrounds the opening roller 10 and the combing-in zone 11.
  • the side walls of this housing each have an opening 21 at the entrance and exit of the combing-in zone 11, while a preferably transverse to the opening in the housing bottom Transport direction of the fibers arranged slot 22 is formed.
  • the opening 21 and the slot 22 are located in a housing part which, in the direction of rotation of the opening roller 10, forms a flow channel 23 bordering the combing zone 11 from behind and surrounds the fiber stream after it has passed through the combing zone 11. Because of this construction, the combing zone 11 can be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the circumference of the opening roller, but also somewhat away from it, without the hooks 4 of the knitting needles 3 coming into contact with the hooks 14 of the fitting 13.
  • the combing zone 11 consists of a section 26 of a web 27 extending transversely to the transport direction of the fibers 9, which is passed through by the upper ends of the hooks 4 of the knitting needles 3 during the usual rotation of the needle cylinder 2.
  • the section 26 is arranged parallel to the axis of the opening roller 10 and provided at such a height that the hooks 4 of the knitting needles 3 are as close as possible to the tips of the hooks 14 of the opening roller 10 during the fiber take-up, but do not touch them.
  • Path 27 depends on the shape of the lock parts 5, which act on the feet 32 of the knitting needles 3 following a path 31.
  • the inlet opening 16 and the combing-in zone 11 are arranged directly on the circumference of the opening roller 10, so that only the opening roller 10 is required for the entire opening and combing-in process.
  • the uniformity of the fiber entry is extremely high.
  • the opening roller 10 is in each case assigned a drive 34 (FIG. 1) which is independent of the conventional needle cylinder drive 33 (FIG. 1) and which drives the opening roller 10 at a constant speed at all knitting machine speeds or to a certain extent to the respective knitting machine speeds and / or the properties the supplied fibers can be adjusted.
  • the peripheral speed of the opening roller 10 during operation is relatively high and preferably at least about four to ten times greater than the needle speed caused by the speed of the needle cylinder 2.
  • the circumferential speed of the opening roller 10 is absolutely preferably more than fifteen meters per second at the maximum speeds of the needle cylinder of about 1.5 meters per second.
  • the feed rollers 7, on the other hand, are driven synchronously with the rotational speed of the needle cylinder by means of a conventional drive 35 (FIG. 1) and, in the example above, have peripheral speeds which are at least about a hundred times smaller than the peripheral speed of the opening roller 10 at the maximum cylinder rotational speed.
  • the feed speed of the feed rollers 7 can be varied depending on the weight of the goods.
  • the large difference between the feed speed of the sliver 8 and the peripheral speed of the opening roller 10 results in a high warp in the sliver 8 and therefore an extremely good separation of the fibers.
  • centrifugal forces occurring at the high speeds or peripheral speeds of the opening roller 10 are normally sufficient in the described exemplary embodiments to detach the fibers held by the hooks 14 within the detaching section 19 by the centrifugal force alone, which in order to avoid storage effects and to achieve a high one Uniformity of the density of the combed fibers should absolutely be sought.
  • an additional opening 36 (FIGS.
  • the fiber stream flowing through the combing zone 11 is divided into partial fiber streams before the combing zone.
  • guide members 37 (FIGS. 3 and 4) are provided in the region of the detachment section 19, preferably in the immediate vicinity of the outlet opening 17, which are fastened to the part of the cover 15 which forms the detachment section 19 or are formed therein, for example by milling and preferably from a wear-resistant material such as ceramic or plastic.
  • the guide members 37 consist, for example, of webs which are arranged parallel to one another with their broad sides parallel to the fiber stream and otherwise in the direction of the axis of the opening roller 10.
  • the longitudinal section of these webs is, for example, triangular in accordance with FIG. 4.
  • the rear ends of the guide members 37 in the direction of flow of the fibers can, as shown in FIG. 3, adjoin the rear end of the detachment section 19, so that in this case the outlet opening 17 is divided into a plurality of openings by the guide members 37, each of which passes a partial fiber stream.
  • the number of webs and thus also the number of partial fiber streams can be selected differently. If the width of the combing zone 11 and the width of the opening roller 10 measured parallel to its axis are considered to be a machine constant, the number of guide members 37 provided over the width of the combing zone 11 should be approximately inversely proportional to the pitch present in the individual case or the needle spacing of the circular knitting - or Circular knitting machine can be selected. In other words, it is expedient to always dimension the width of a partial fiber stream parallel to the axis of the opening roller 10 in such a way that, regardless of the division, not too many needle hooks 4 can be located in one and the same partial fiber stream at the same time.
  • such a width of the partial fiber streams or such a lateral spacing of the guide members 37 from one another is particularly advantageous, in which or at the same time no more than one needle hook 4 can pass through a partial fiber stream.
  • the number of guide members 37 thus corresponds approximately to the quotient of the width of the opening roller 10 and the needle pitch.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 show different embodiments for the design and arrangement of the guide members 37.
  • the guide members 37 according to FIGS. 5 and 6 can have approximately the shape of an isosceles triangle with its base resting on the cover 15, the guide members are 37 in FIG. 7 in longitudinal section approximately like a right-angled triangle, the longer catheter of which is attached to a flap 38 and the shorter catheter of which forms the rear end of the guide member 37 in the direction of rotation.
  • guide elements in the form of pins, disks, flexible elements or the like can be provided.
  • the width of the guide members 37 measured in the axial direction of the opening roller 10 is not particularly critical, but should be chosen so that the formation of partial fiber streams is not hindered and an accumulation of fibers on the leading edges of the guide members 37 is prevented. For the same reason, it is also advisable to provide the guide members 37 with inclined surfaces 39 running in the flow direction from bottom to top (FIG. 5).
  • the distance between the rear ends of the guide elements in the direction of flow from the needles 3 or the hooks 4 corresponding to dimension 40 in FIG. 6 can be selected differently and the greater the greater the staple length of the fibers used. If the size 40 is too large, there is a risk that the partial streams will unite again to form a total fiber stream before the needle hook 4 is reached, as a result of which the effect of the guide members 37 to avoid the incorporation of fibers into more than one stitch of the basic knitted fabric is lost.
  • the absolute height of the guide elements 37 corresponding to the dimension 41 in FIG. 6 should be selected to be sufficiently large to allow the fibers 9 to pass through undisturbed.
  • the smaller the dimension 41 the worse the uniformity of the fiber insertion while avoiding double or triple binding of the fibers. This can include to be attributed to the fact that when the guide members 37 are too low, too many fibers flow over the guide members 37 without forming partial fiber streams which can only arise when the fibers pass through the spaces between the guide members 37.
  • the distance between the upper ends of the heads of the needles 3 in FIG. 6 and the upper ends of the guide members 37 in FIG. 6 in accordance with the dimension 42 has, according to current knowledge, the greatest influence on the proportion of the fibers integrated over more than one stitch. In particular, this proportion increases, the larger the dimension 42 becomes. As long as the dimension 42 is still equal to or less than the length of the hook 4 of the needles 3, i.e. is smaller than the distance between the top end of the head and the bottom of the hook, this dependence is still relatively insignificant. However, as soon as the dimension 42 is greater than the hook length, changes in the dimension 44 are relatively noticeable in corresponding changes in the proportion of the fibers bound over more than one stitch.
  • the guide members 37 only particularly clearly eliminate the effect of the transverse fibers if they completely cover the hooks 4 of the needles 3, i.e. if the dimension 42 is smaller than the hook length, because in this case all fibers entering the open hook 3 must pass through the spaces between the guide members 37.
  • dimension 42 is greater than the hook length, i.e. if the hooks 4 are only partially covered by the guide members 37, the hooks 4 can take up fibers 9, which are fed through the spaces between the guide members 37, and fibers 9, which have migrated over the upper edges of the guide members 37.
  • the proportion of those fibers which are incorporated into the basic knitted fabric or knitted fabric via more than one stitch can be controlled by changing the size 42.
  • the guide members 37 to be arranged so as to be adjustable, particularly with regard to the dimension 42.
  • the guide members 37 according to FIG. 7 are arranged on the pivotable flap 38, which is also part of the cover 15.
  • the flap 38 is pivotally suspended from a pivot pin 43 at its end remote from the guide members 37 and can be pivoted in the direction of an arrow v such that the dimension 42 can be adjusted in any manner.
  • the pivot pin 43 can protrude through an elongated hole 44 formed in the flap 38, which also enables a displacement of the guide members 37 in the direction of flow of the fibers (arrow w) and thus an adjustment of the dimension 40.
  • the flap 38 including the guide members 37 is designed as an interchangeable unit, so that the shape and / or number and / or spacing of the guide members 37 can be changed in a few simple steps.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 differ on the one hand and FIGS. 6 and 7 on the other hand by the design of the detachment section 19. While the radial distance of the detachment section 19 from the lateral surface of the opening roller 10 according to FIG. 5 gradually increases in the direction of the outlet opening 17, 6 increases and then decreases again in the direction of the outlet opening 17, so that a kind of ski jump or ramp is formed directly in front of the outlet opening 17, through which the detached fibers are directed in the direction of the open hooks 4 Needles 3 are transported.
  • the flap 38 according to FIG. 7 is designed, the radial distance from the lateral surface of the opening roller between the pivot pin 45 and the outlet opening 17 is constantly decreasing.
  • the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described, which can be modified in many ways.
  • it can be provided to extend the cover 15 only to the outlet opening 17 and to provide a preferably pivotable flap 45 in the flow direction behind the combing zone 11, the part 46 of which faces the combing zone 11 is streamlined and arranged so that it divides the air and fiber flow behind the needles 3 into a main flow and a secondary flow, in order thereby to insert the fibers inserted into the needle hooks 4 into a wedge gap 47 between the flap 45 and the hooks 13 of the opening roller 10 to pull and thereby comb and orient, which increases the uniformity of the knitted fabric (Fig. 5 to 7).
  • the drive 34 for the opening roller 10 is a drive motor which is independent of the knitting machine drive and which can also be operated when the circular knitting machine is at a standstill, so that the opening roller 10 has already reached the required high speed when the circular knitting machine is switched on and also maintains this until the circular knitting machine comes to a standstill again.
  • a second, separate drive motor is not absolutely required, but provision can be made to ensure with the aid of special gears and / or couplings that the circular knitting machine can only work when the opening roller 10 is running. Otherwise there would be areas in the knitted fabric at any standstill that have no fibers or unevenly distributed fibers.
  • the required "high" speeds of the opening rollers in test machines were 4000 rpm. with an opening roller diameter of 125 mm and otherwise with the same conditions as when using the conventional opening devices.

Abstract

A circular knitting machine for the production of knit goods with combed-in fibers, has a rotating needle cylinder in which needles having hooks for receiving fibers are mounted, at least one carding device having a feed apparatus for feeding a fiber strand, a separating apparatus for separating the fiber strand into a stream of individual fibers, and a combing-in zone through which the needles pass, and wherein the fibers are carried within the fiber stream for the purpose of contactlessly combing-in the fibers into the hooks of the needles. Guides are provided ahead of the combing-in zone for the purpose of dividing the fiber stream into partial fiber streams, thus considerably reducing or varying the percentage of fibers which are bound across several neighboring loops by several neighboring needles.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Rundstrick- oder Rundwirkmaschine der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 definierten Gattung.The invention relates to a circular knitting or circular knitting machine of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.

Die Krempeln aller bisher zu gewerblichen Zwecken eingesetzten Rundstrick- oder Rundwirkmaschinen dieser Art enthalten wenigstens eine Auflöse- oder Krempelwalze, der ein Faserband zugeführt wird, und eine Abnehmer- oder Einkämmwalze zum Übernehmen und Einkämmen der mittels der Auflösewalze vorbereiteten Fasern in die Haken der Strick- oder Wirknadeln. Die Auflöse- und Einkämmwalzen sind dabei mit flexiblen, radial nach außen ragenden und miteinander im Eingriff befindlichen Drahthaken versehen, und die Übergabe der Fasern von den Einkämmwalzen auf die Haken der Strick- oder Wirknadeln erfolgt dadurch, daß letztere durch die Drahthaken der Einkämmwalze geführt werden (DE-PS-383 362 und DE-OS-2 343 426). Der mechanische Eingriff der Drahthaken der Einkämmwalze in die Drahthaken der Auflösewalze bzw. der Nadelhaken in die Drahthaken der Einkämmwalze hat einen hohen mechanischen Verschleiß und unerwünschte Abhängigkeiten zwichen den Drehzahlen der Auflösewalzen und der Einkämmwalzen voneinander zur Folge.The cards of all circular knitting or circular knitting machines of this type previously used for commercial purposes contain at least one opening or carding roller, to which a sliver is fed, and a take-off or combing roller for taking over and combing the fibers prepared by means of the opening roller into the hooks of the knitting or knitting needles. The opening and combing rollers are provided with flexible, radially outwardly projecting and mutually engaged wire hooks, and the transfer of the fibers from the combing rollers to the hooks of the knitting or knitting needles takes place in that the latter are guided through the wire hooks of the combing roller (DE-PS-383 362 and DE-OS-2 343 426). The mechanical engagement of the wire hooks of the combing roller in the wire hooks of the opening roller or the needle hook in the wire hooks of the combing roller results in high mechanical wear and undesirable dependencies between the speeds of the opening rollers and the combing rollers.

Es sind daher bereits Rundstrickmaschinen bekannt geworden, die Vorrichtungen zum berührungslosen Einkämmen der Fasern in die Nadelhaken aufweisen, wobei unter der Bezeichnung "berührungslos" verstanden wird, daß die Nadelhaken keine Beschläge mit Drahthaken durchlaufen und vorzugsweise auch keine Walzen mit im Eingriff stehenden Beschlägen vorgesehen werden brauchen. Derartige Strickmaschinen (GB-PS-195 802, US-PS-3 014 355) weisen eine Auflösevorrichtung für das zugeführte Faserband und einen daran angeschlossenen, die vereinzelten Fasern in einem Faserstrom fürenden Transportkanal auf, mittels dessen die Fasern in quer zum Faserstrom geführte Nadelhaken eingelegt werden. In ähnlicher Weise sind alle anderen bekannten Rundstrickmaschinen mit berührungslosem Fasereintrag ausgebildet (DE-PS'en 97 374 und 1 585 018, DE-AS-1 785 465, DE-OS'en 2 253 659, 2 361 862 und 2 430 867), die wegen ihres unzulänglichen Fasereintrags in die Nadelhaken bisher keine praktische Anwendung gefunden haben.Circular knitting machines have therefore already become known which have devices for contactless combing of the fibers into the needle hooks, the term "contactless" being understood to mean that the needle hooks do not pass through fittings with wire hooks and preferably also no rollers with engaging fittings are provided need. Such knitting machines (GB-PS-195 802, US-PS-3 014 355) have a dissolving device for the supplied sliver and an attached, the individual fibers in a fiber stream for transport channel, by means of which the fibers in needle hooks guided transversely to the fiber stream be inserted. All other known circular knitting machines are designed in a similar manner with non-contact fiber insertion (DE-PS's 97 374 and 1 585 018, DE-AS-1 785 465, DE-OS's 2 253 659, 2 361 862 and 2 430 867) which, because of their inadequate fiber entry into the needle hooks, have so far not found any practical application.

Versuche an einer entsprechenden Rundstrickmaschine gemäß einem noch nicht veröffentlichten Vorschlag derselben Anmelderin (Patentanmeldung P-3 107 714), die als Auflösevorrichtung eine mit hoher Umfangsgeschwindigkeit angetriebene Auflösewalze aufweist und sich gegenüber den bekannten Maschinen durch einen extrem kurzen, von Umlenkungen für den Faserstrom freien Transportkanal und daher einen sehr gleichmäßigen Fasereintrag auszeichnet, haben außerdem ergeben, daß die Fasern häufig nicht nur von einer einzigen Nadel, sondern von mehreren benachbarten Nadeln in die Maschen der Strick- oder Wirkware eingebunden werden. Daraus resultiert eine Verfestigung der Maschenware in Richtung der Maschenreihen, was zwar in Einzelfällen erwünscht sein kann, in vielen Anwendungsfällen jedoch unerwünscht ist. Vermutlich wird dieses Phänomen dadurch verursacht, daß der die Fasern von der Auflösevorrichtung zu den Nadelhaken transportierende Faserstrom einen merkbaren Anteil an quer zur Transportrichtung liegenden Fasern enthält, die bei ihrem Auftreffen auf die Nadelhaken gleichzeitig in mehrere Nadelhaken eingelegt werden.Experiments on a corresponding circular knitting machine according to a not yet published proposal by the same applicant (patent application P-3 107 714), which has an opening roller driven as opening device with a high circumferential speed and compared to the known machines by an extremely short transport channel free of deflections for the fiber stream and therefore characterized by a very uniform fiber input, have also shown that the fibers are often integrated into the stitches of the knitted or knitted fabric not only by a single needle but by several adjacent needles. This results in a consolidation of the knitted fabric in the direction of the rows of stitches, which may be desirable in individual cases, but is undesirable in many applications. This phenomenon is presumably caused by the fact that the fiber stream transporting the fibers from the disintegration device to the needle hooks contains a noticeable proportion of fibers lying transversely to the direction of transport, which fibers are simultaneously inserted into several needle hooks when they hit the needle hooks.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, an einer Rundstrick- oder Rundwirkmaschine mit berührungslosem Fasereintrag entsprechend der eingangs bezeichneten Gattung eine Einrichtung zu schaffen, mittels derer der Anteil der von mehreren Nadeln ilber mehrere Maschen eingebundenen Fasern beeinflußt und dadurch wahlweise weitgehend reduziert oder zwischen zwei Grenzwerten wahlweise verändert werden kann.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device on a circular knitting or circular knitting machine with non-contact fiber entry corresponding to the type described at the beginning, by means of which the proportion of the fibers bound by several needles via several stitches is influenced and thereby largely reduced or between two limit values can be changed optionally.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sind die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 vorgesehen.To achieve this object, the characterizing features of claim 1 are provided.

Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous features of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

Die Erfindung bringt den Überraschenden Vorteil mit sich, daß die Aufteilung des Faserstroms an einer zwischen der Auflösevorrichtung und der Einkämmzone gelegenen Stelle mittels Leitorganen in mehrere Teilfaserströme einen bemerkenswerten Einfluß auf den Anteil der Fasern hat, die über mehrere Maschen in das Gestrick oder Gewirk eingebunden werden. Insbesondere ist es möglich, die Einbindung von Fasern über mehrere Maschen nahezu vollständig zu vermeiden und daher Strick- oder Wirkwaren herzustellen, bei denen die Fasern wie bei den mit Einkämmwalzen hergestellten Waren nur jeweils über eine Masche eingebunden sind. Durch entsprechende Anordnung und/oder Bemessung der Leitorgane ist es jedoch auch möglich, den Anteil der über mehrere Maschen eingebundenen Fasern gezielt zu steuern, um je nach Anwendungsgebiet Strick- oder Wirkwaren mit hoher oder geringer Querdehnung oder mit mustergemäß wechselnder Querdehnung herzustellen. Obwohl die Ursache für die Wirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Leitorgane noch nicht vollständig bekannt ist, wird angenommen, daß mittels der Leitorgane die Anzahl der im Faserstrom querliegenden Fasern beeinflußt oder wenigstens verhindert wird, daß quer liegende Fasern in mehr als einen Nadelhaken eingelegt werden.The invention has the surprising advantage that the division of the fiber stream at a point between the dissolving device and the combing zone by means of guide organs into several partial fiber streams has a remarkable influence on the proportion of fibers which are incorporated into the knitted or knitted fabric over several stitches . In particular, it is possible to almost completely avoid the incorporation of fibers over several stitches and therefore to produce knitted or knitted goods in which the fibers are only integrated via one stitch as in the case of goods made with combing rollers. By means of an appropriate arrangement and / or dimensioning of the guide elements, it is also possible to control the proportion of fibers integrated over several stitches in order to produce knitted or knitted fabrics with high or low transverse elongation or with alternating transverse elongation depending on the application. Although the cause of the effect of the guide organs according to the invention is not yet completely known, it is assumed that by means of the guide organs the number of fibers lying transversely in the fiber stream is influenced or at least prevented that transversely lying fibers are inserted into more than one needle hook.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in Verbindung mit der beiliegenden Zeichnung an Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch eine Rundstrickmaschine gemäß Patentanmeldung P-3 107 714;
  • Fig. 2 schematisch die Rundstrickmaschine nach Fig. 1 mit Blick auf die von den Stricknadeln durchwanderte Bahn;
  • Fig. 3 schematisch einen der Fig. 1 entsprechenden Schnitt durch eine Rundstrickmaschine mit der erfindungsgemäßen Verbesserung;
  • Fig. 4 eine perspektivische Darstellung des die Einkämmzone umfassenden Teils der Auflösevorrichtung der Rundstrickmaschine nach Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 bis 7 schematisch drei Schnitte entsprechend Fig. 3 durch drei Ausführungsformen der Erfindung, wobei jeweils nur der die Einkämmzone umfassende Bereich vergrößert dargestellt ist.
The invention is explained in more detail below in connection with the accompanying drawing using exemplary embodiments. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a Circular knitting machine according to patent application P-3 107 714;
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically the circular knitting machine according to FIG. 1 with a view of the web traversed by the knitting needles;
  • 3 schematically shows a section corresponding to FIG. 1 through a circular knitting machine with the improvement according to the invention;
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective illustration of the part of the opening device of the circular knitting machine according to FIG. 3 which comprises the combing zone;
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 schematically show three sections corresponding to FIG. 3 through three embodiments of the invention, only the area comprising the combing zone being shown enlarged.

Gemäß Fig. 1 und Patentanmeldung P-3 107 714 enthält eine Rundstrickmaschine zur Herstellung von Strickwaren 1 mit eingekämmten Fasern einen in der Regel drehbaren Nadelzylinder 2, in dem vertikal verschiebbare Stricknadeln 3 mit Haken 4 gelagert sind, die im Bereich wenigstens eines Stricksystems mit Hilfe von stationären Schloßteilen 5 auf- und abbewegt werden, um mit nicht dargestellten Fäden ein Grundgestrick herzustellen. Das Auflösen und Einkämmen der Fasern in die Strickware erfolgt mit Hilfe wenigstens einer dem Stricksystem zugeordneten Krempel 6, die eine beispielsweise aus zwei Zuführwalzen 7 für eine Lunte bzw. ein Faserband 8 bestehende Zuführvorrichtung, eine zur Auflösung des Faserbandes 8 in einzelne Fasern 9 bestimmte Auflösevorrichtung in Form einer Auflösewalze 10 und eine von den Stricknadeln 3 bzw. deren Haken 4 zwecks Aufnahme der Fasern 9 durchwanderte Einkämmzone 11 aufweist.1 and patent application P-3 107 714, a circular knitting machine for the production of knitted goods 1 with combed fibers contains a generally rotatable needle cylinder 2, in which vertically displaceable knitting needles 3 with hooks 4 are mounted, which are supported in the area of at least one knitting system be moved up and down by stationary lock parts 5 in order to produce a basic knitted fabric with threads, not shown. The fibers are dissolved and combed into the knitted fabric with the aid of at least one card 6 assigned to the knitting system, which is a feed device, for example consisting of two feed rollers 7 for a sliver or a fiber sliver 8, and a dissolving device intended to dissolve the fiber sliver 8 into individual fibers 9 in the form of an opening roller 10 and a combing zone 11 traversed by the knitting needles 3 or their hooks 4 for the purpose of receiving the fibers 9.

Die Auflösung des Faserbandes 8 erfolgt mittels der in Richtung eines Pfeils P drehbaren Auflösewalze 10, deren Umfangs- bzw. Mantelfläche mit einem Beschlag 13 belegt ist, der nach außen ragende Haken 14 aufweist. Die Auflösewalze 10 wird mit einer im Vergleich zur Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der Zuführwalzen 7 wesentlich größeren Umfangsgeschwindigkeit angetrieben und zerlegt daher das Faserband 8 in die einzelnen Fasern 9.The sliver 8 is released by means of the opening roller 10, which can be rotated in the direction of an arrow P and whose circumferential or lateral surface is covered with a fitting 13 which has hooks 14 projecting outwards. The opening roller 10 is driven at a peripheral speed which is substantially greater than the peripheral speed of the feed rollers 7 and therefore breaks down the fiber sliver 8 into the individual fibers 9.

Damit die von den Haken 14 des Beschlags 13 übernommenen Fasern trotz der durch die hohe Drehzahl der Auflösewalze bedingten großen wirksamen Zentrifugalkräfte nicht unkontrolliert wieder aus den Haken 14 herausgeschleudert werden, weist die Krempel 6 eine Abdeckung 15 auf, die der äußeren Mantelfläche der Auflösewalze 10 gegenüberliegt, eine Eintrittsöffnung 16 für das von den Zuführwalzen 7 zugeführte Faserband 8 und eine in Drehrichtung der Auflösewalze dahinter angeordnete, in die Einkämmzone 11 mündende Austrittsöffnung 17 zur Abgabe der Fasern 9 enthält und zumindest von der Eintrittsöffnung 16 bis zur Austrittsöffnung 17 geschlossen ist. Die Abdeckung 15 begrenzt dadurch nach außen zunächst einen unmittelbar an der Eintrittsöffnung 16 beginnenden, durch einen Pfeil angedeuteten Auflöse- und Beschleunigungsabschnitt 18, innerhalb von welchem die Abdeckung 15 einen kleinen, im übrigen jedoch konstanten Abstand von beispielsweise weniger als einem Millimeter von den Spitzen der Haken 14 der Auflösewalze 10 hat. An den Auflöse- und Beschleunigungsabschnitt 18 schließt sich dann in Drehrichtung der Auflösewalze 10 ein durch einen Pfeil angedeuteter Ablöseabschnitt 19 an, der an der Austrittsöffnung 17 endet und einen Abstand von den Spitzen der Haken 14 hat, der in Drehrichtung allmählich bis auf einen Wert von beispielsweise mehreren Millimetern zunimmt.So that the fibers taken over by the hooks 14 of the fitting 13 are not thrown out of the hooks 14 again in an uncontrolled manner despite the large effective centrifugal forces caused by the high speed of the opening roller, the card 6 has a cover 15 which lies opposite the outer surface of the opening roller 10 , contains an inlet opening 16 for the fiber sliver 8 fed from the feed rollers 7 and an outlet opening 17 arranged behind it in the direction of rotation of the opening roller and opening into the combing zone 11 for the discharge of the fibers 9 and is closed at least from the inlet opening 16 to the outlet opening 17. As a result, the cover 15 initially delimits a dissolving and accelerating section 18, which begins directly at the inlet opening 16 and is indicated by an arrow, within which the cover 15 has a small but otherwise constant distance of, for example, less than one millimeter from the tips of the Hook 14 of the opening roller 10 has. The opening and accelerating section 18 is then followed in the direction of rotation by the opening roller 10 by a separating section 19, indicated by an arrow, which ends at the outlet opening 17 and is at a distance from the tips of the hooks 14, which gradually in the direction of rotation up to a value of for example, increases several millimeters.

Innerhalb das Auflöse- und Beschleunigungsabschnitts 18 ist der Abstand zwischen der Abdeckung 15 und den Spitzen der Haken 14 so klein, daß die an der Eintrittsöffnung 16 von den Haken 14 übernommenen Fasern von den Haken 14 festgehalten und weitertransportiert werden, ohne daß sich zwischen der Abdeckung 15 und den Haken 14 Faseranhäufungen ergeben oder Fasern dadurch aus dem Transport ausgeschieden werden, daß sich lose Fasern aufgrund der Zentrifugalkraft vorzeitig von den Haken ablösen. Innerhalb des Ablöseabschnitts 19 können sich die Fasern dagegen unter dem Einfluß der Zentrifugalkraft von den Haken 14 lösen. Die abgefallenen Fasern werden in dem Luftstrom, der sich aufgrund der hohen Drehzahl zwischen der Abdeckung 15 und der Mantelfläche der Auflösewalze 10 einerseits und der Eintrittsöffnung 16 und der Austrittsöffnung 17 andererseits automatisch ausbildet und in Richtung des Pfeils P gerichtet ist, im wesentlichen tangential weggeschleudert und zumindest noch durch die auf die Austrittsöffnung 17 unmittelbar folgende Einkämmzone 11 transportiert, die von den Haken 4 der Stricknadeln 3 durchwandert wird.Within the dissolving and accelerating section 18, the distance between the cover 15 and the tips of the hooks 14 is so small that the fibers taken over by the hooks 14 at the inlet opening 16 are held by the hooks 14 and transported further without getting between the covers 15 and the hook 14 result in fiber accumulations or fibers are eliminated from the transport in that loose fibers prematurely detach from the hooks due to the centrifugal force. In contrast, within the detachment section 19, the fibers can detach from the hooks 14 under the influence of the centrifugal force. The fallen fibers are in the air stream, which is formed automatically due to the high speed between the cover 15 and the outer surface of the opening roller 10 on the one hand and the inlet opening 16 and the outlet opening 17 on the other hand and is directed in the direction of arrow P, essentially tangentially and at least still transported through the combing zone 11 immediately following the outlet opening 17, which is traversed by the hooks 4 of the knitting needles 3.

Die Abdeckung 15 ist gemäß Fig. 1 und 2 zweckmäßig ein Teil eines die Auflösewalze 10 und die Einkämmzone 11 umschließenden Gehäuses 20. Die Seitenwände dieses Gehäuses weisen am Eingang und Ausgang der Einkämmzone 11 je eine Öffnung 21 auf, während im Gehäuseboden ein vorzugsweise quer zur Transportrichtung der Fasern angeordneter Schlitz 22 ausgebildet ist. Die Öffnung 21 und der Schlitz 22 befinden sich in einem Gehäuseteil, das in Drehrichtung der Auflösewalze 10 einen von hinten an die Einkämmzone 11 grenzenden Strömungskanal 23 bildet und den Faserstrom nach seinem Durchgang durch die Einkämmzone 11 umgibt. Aufgrund dieser Konstruktion kann die Einkämmzone, 11 in unmittelbarer Nähe des Umfangs der Auflösewalze, jedoch auch etwas entfernt davon angeordnet werden, ohne daß die Haken 4 der Stricknadeln 3 mit den Haken 14 des Beschlags 13 in Berührung kommen.1 and 2, the cover 15 is expediently part of a housing 20 which surrounds the opening roller 10 and the combing-in zone 11. The side walls of this housing each have an opening 21 at the entrance and exit of the combing-in zone 11, while a preferably transverse to the opening in the housing bottom Transport direction of the fibers arranged slot 22 is formed. The opening 21 and the slot 22 are located in a housing part which, in the direction of rotation of the opening roller 10, forms a flow channel 23 bordering the combing zone 11 from behind and surrounds the fiber stream after it has passed through the combing zone 11. Because of this construction, the combing zone 11 can be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the circumference of the opening roller, but also somewhat away from it, without the hooks 4 of the knitting needles 3 coming into contact with the hooks 14 of the fitting 13.

Die Einkämmzone 11 besteht gemäß Fig. 1 und 2 aus einem quer zur Transportrichtung der Fasern 9 erstreckten Abschnitt 26 einer Bahn 27, die von den oberen Enden der Haken 4 der Stricknadeln 3 bei der üblichen Drehung des Nadelzylinders 2 durchlaufen wird. Der Abschnitt 26 ist parallel zur Achse der Auflösewalze 10 angeordnet und in einer solchen Höhe vorgesehen, daß die Haken 4 der Stricknadeln 3 während der Faseraufnahme zwar den Spitzen der Haken 14 der Auflösewalze 10 möglichst nahe gegenüberstehen, diese aber nicht berühren.1 and 2, the combing zone 11 consists of a section 26 of a web 27 extending transversely to the transport direction of the fibers 9, which is passed through by the upper ends of the hooks 4 of the knitting needles 3 during the usual rotation of the needle cylinder 2. The section 26 is arranged parallel to the axis of the opening roller 10 and provided at such a height that the hooks 4 of the knitting needles 3 are as close as possible to the tips of the hooks 14 of the opening roller 10 during the fiber take-up, but do not touch them.

Bahn 27 hängt von der Form der Schloßteile 5 ab, die auf die einer Bahn 31 folgenden Füße 32 der Stricknadeln 3 einwirken.Path 27 depends on the shape of the lock parts 5, which act on the feet 32 of the knitting needles 3 following a path 31.

Gemäß Fig. 1 und 2 sind die Eintrittsöfnung 16 und die Einkämmzone 11 unmittelbar am Umfang der Auflösewalze 10 angeordnet, so daß für den gesamten Auflöse- und Einkämmvorgang nur die Auflösewalze 10 benötigt wird. Da außerdem zwischen der Auflösewalze 10 und den Stricknadeln 3 keine Umlenkstellen und andere Hindernisse für die Fasern vorgesehen sind, ist die Gleichförmigkeit des Fasereintrags äußerst groß.1 and 2, the inlet opening 16 and the combing-in zone 11 are arranged directly on the circumference of the opening roller 10, so that only the opening roller 10 is required for the entire opening and combing-in process. In addition, since there are no deflection points and other obstacles for the fibers between the opening roller 10 and the knitting needles 3, the uniformity of the fiber entry is extremely high.

Der Auflösewalze 10 ist jeweils ein vom üblichen Nadelzylinderantrieb 33 (Fig. 1) unabhängiger Antrieb 34 (Fig. 1) zugeordnet, der die Auflösewalze 10 mit einer bei allen Strickmaschinengeschwindigkeiten konstanten Drehzahl antreibt oder in gewissem Umfang an die jeweiligen Strickmaschinengeschwindigkeiten und/oder die Eigenschaften der zugeführten Fasern angepaßt werden kann. In jedem Fall ist die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der Auflösewalze 10 beim Betrieb relativ groß und vorzugsweise wenigstens etwa vier- bis zehnmal größer, als der durch die Drehzahl des Nadelzylinders 2 bewirkten Nadelgeschwindigkeit entspricht. Die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der Auflösewalze 10 beträgt absolut vorzugsweise mehr als fünfzehn Meter pro Sekunde bei Umgangsgeschwindigkeiten des Nadelzylinders von maximal etwa 1,5 Metern pro Sekunde. Die Zuführwalzen 7 werden dagegen mittels eines üblichen Antriebs 35 (Fig. 1) synchron mit der Drehzahl des Nadelzylinders angetrieben und besitzen beim obigen Beispiel Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten, die bei der maximalen Zylinderdrehzahl wenigstens etwa um das Hundertfache kleiner als die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der Auflösewalze 10 sind. Dabei kann die Zuführgeschwindigkeit der Zuführwalzen 7 in Abhängigkeit vom Warengewicht variiert werden. Durch den großen Unterschied zwischen der Zuführgeschwindigkeit des Faserbandes 8 und der Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der Auflösewalze 10 werden ein hoher Verzug Im Faserband 8 und daher eine äußerst gute Vereinzelung der Fasern erzielt.The opening roller 10 is in each case assigned a drive 34 (FIG. 1) which is independent of the conventional needle cylinder drive 33 (FIG. 1) and which drives the opening roller 10 at a constant speed at all knitting machine speeds or to a certain extent to the respective knitting machine speeds and / or the properties the supplied fibers can be adjusted. In any case, the peripheral speed of the opening roller 10 during operation is relatively high and preferably at least about four to ten times greater than the needle speed caused by the speed of the needle cylinder 2. The circumferential speed of the opening roller 10 is absolutely preferably more than fifteen meters per second at the maximum speeds of the needle cylinder of about 1.5 meters per second. The feed rollers 7, on the other hand, are driven synchronously with the rotational speed of the needle cylinder by means of a conventional drive 35 (FIG. 1) and, in the example above, have peripheral speeds which are at least about a hundred times smaller than the peripheral speed of the opening roller 10 at the maximum cylinder rotational speed. The feed speed of the feed rollers 7 can be varied depending on the weight of the goods. The large difference between the feed speed of the sliver 8 and the peripheral speed of the opening roller 10 results in a high warp in the sliver 8 and therefore an extremely good separation of the fibers.

Die bei den hohen Drehzahlen bzw. Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten der Auflösewalze 10 auftretenden Zentrifugalkräfte reichen bei den beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen normalerweise aus, um die von den Haken 14 gehaltenen Fasern innerhalb des Ablöseabschnitts 19 allein durch die Zentrifugalkraft hundertprozentig abzulösen, was zur Vermeidung von Speichereffekten und zur Erzielung einer hohen Gleichmäßigkeit der Dichte der eingekämmten Fasern unbedingt angestrebt werden sollte. Da die Zentrifugalkräfte hierzu jedoch nicht immer ausreichen, kann in der Abdeckung 15 eine zusätzliche, mit einer Saug-oder Blasdüse verbundene Öffnung 36 (Fig. 3 und 7) vorgesehen sein, um einen Hilfsluftstrom im Ablöseabschnitt 19 zu erzeugen, der das Ablösen der Fasern von den Haken 14 der Auflösewalze 10 unterstützt oder, falls die durch Drehung der Auflösewalze 10 bewirkten Zentrifugalkräfte zu klein sind, allein bewirkt.The centrifugal forces occurring at the high speeds or peripheral speeds of the opening roller 10 are normally sufficient in the described exemplary embodiments to detach the fibers held by the hooks 14 within the detaching section 19 by the centrifugal force alone, which in order to avoid storage effects and to achieve a high one Uniformity of the density of the combed fibers should absolutely be sought. However, since the centrifugal forces are not always sufficient for this, an additional opening 36 (FIGS. 3 and 7) connected to a suction or blowing nozzle can be provided in the cover 15 in order to generate an auxiliary air flow in the detaching section 19, which detaches the fibers supported by the hooks 14 of the opening roller 10 or, if the centrifugal forces caused by rotation of the opening roller 10 are too small, caused them alone.

Bei Rundstrickmaschinen der beschriebenen Art durchwandern die Haken 4 der Stricknadeln 3 den die abgelösten Fasern 9 von der Auflösewalze 10 wegführenden Faserstrom in einer Richtung, die im wesentlichen quer zur Strömungsrichtung der Fasern 9 verläuft. Entsprechendes gilt bei Anwendung anderer bekannter Rundstrick- oder Rundwirkmaschinen mit berührungslosem Fasereintrag. Untersuchungen dar mit derartigen Maschinen hergestellten Strick- oder Wirkwaren haben ergeben, daß zuweilen Fasern in mehr als eine Masche des Grundgestricks eingearbeitet werden.In circular knitting machines of the type described, the hooks 4 of the knitting needles 3 pass through the fiber stream leading the detached fibers 9 away from the opening roller 10 in a direction which is essentially transverse to the direction of flow of the fibers 9. The same applies when using other known circular knitting or circular knitting machines with non-contact fiber entry. Studies of knitted or knitted goods made with such machines have shown that fibers are sometimes incorporated into more than one stitch of the basic knitted fabric.

Zur Steuerung dieses Effekts wird erfindungsgemäß der die Einkämmzone 11 durchströmende Faserstrom vor der Einkämmzone in Teilfaserströme aufgeteilt. Hierzu sind im Bereich des Ablöseabschnitts 19, vorzugsweise in unmittelbarer Nähe der Austrittsöffnung 17, Leitorgane 37 (Fig. 3 und 4) vorgesehen, die an dem den Ablöseabschnitt 19 bildenden Teil der Abdeckung 15 befestigt oder in diesem beispielsweise durch Ausfräsungen ausgebildet sind und vorzugsweise aus einem verschleißfesten Material wie Keramik oder Kunststoff bestehen. Die Leitorgane 37 bestehen gemäß Fig. 4 beispielsweise aus Stegen, die mit ihren Breitseiten parallel zum Faserstrom und im übrigen in Richtung der Achse der Auflösewalze 10 parallel nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Der Längsschnitt dieser Stege ist gemäß Fig. 4 beispielsweise dreieckförmig. Die in Strömungsrichtung der Fasern hinteren Enden der Leitorgane 37 können gemäß Fig. 3 an das Hinterende des Ablöseabschnitts 19 grenzen, so daß die Austrittsöffnung 17 in diesem Fall durch die Leitorgane 37 in eine Mehrzahl von Öffnungen unterteilt ist, die je einen Faserteilstrom durchlassen.To control this effect, the fiber stream flowing through the combing zone 11 is divided into partial fiber streams before the combing zone. For this purpose, guide members 37 (FIGS. 3 and 4) are provided in the region of the detachment section 19, preferably in the immediate vicinity of the outlet opening 17, which are fastened to the part of the cover 15 which forms the detachment section 19 or are formed therein, for example by milling and preferably from a wear-resistant material such as ceramic or plastic. 4, the guide members 37 consist, for example, of webs which are arranged parallel to one another with their broad sides parallel to the fiber stream and otherwise in the direction of the axis of the opening roller 10. The longitudinal section of these webs is, for example, triangular in accordance with FIG. 4. The rear ends of the guide members 37 in the direction of flow of the fibers can, as shown in FIG. 3, adjoin the rear end of the detachment section 19, so that in this case the outlet opening 17 is divided into a plurality of openings by the guide members 37, each of which passes a partial fiber stream.

Die Zahl der Stege und damit auch die Zahl der Teilfaserströme kann unterschiedlich gewählt werden. Wenn die Breite der Einkämmzone 11 und die parallel zu ihrer Achse gemessene Breite der Auflösewalze 10 als Maschinenkonstante betrachtet werden, sollte die Zahl der über die Breite der Einkämmzone 11 vorgesehenen Leitorgane 37 etwa umgekehrt proportional zu der im Einzelfall vorliegenden Teilung bzw. zum Nadelabstand der Rundstrick- oder Rundwirkmaschine gewählt werden. Mit anderen Worten ist es zweckmäßig, die parallel zur Achse der Auflösewalze 10 gemessene Breite eines Teilfaserstroms stets so zu bemessen, daß sich unabhängig von der Teilung nicht zu viele Nadelhaken 4 gleichzeitig in einem und demselben Teilfaserstrom befinden können. Gemäß Fig. 4 ist beispielsweise eine solche Breite der Teilfaserströme bzw. ein solcher seitlicher Abstand der Leitorgane 37 voneinander besonders vorteilhaft, bei der bzw. bei dem gleichzeitig nicht mehr als ein Nadelhaken 4 einen Teilfaserstrom durchwandern kann. Die Zahl der Leitorgane 37 entspricht somit etwa dem Quotienten aus der Breite der Auflösewalze 10 und der Nadelteilung.The number of webs and thus also the number of partial fiber streams can be selected differently. If the width of the combing zone 11 and the width of the opening roller 10 measured parallel to its axis are considered to be a machine constant, the number of guide members 37 provided over the width of the combing zone 11 should be approximately inversely proportional to the pitch present in the individual case or the needle spacing of the circular knitting - or Circular knitting machine can be selected. In other words, it is expedient to always dimension the width of a partial fiber stream parallel to the axis of the opening roller 10 in such a way that, regardless of the division, not too many needle hooks 4 can be located in one and the same partial fiber stream at the same time. 4, such a width of the partial fiber streams or such a lateral spacing of the guide members 37 from one another is particularly advantageous, in which or at the same time no more than one needle hook 4 can pass through a partial fiber stream. The number of guide members 37 thus corresponds approximately to the quotient of the width of the opening roller 10 and the needle pitch.

Fig. 5 bis 7 zeigen verschiedene Ausführungsformen für die Ausbildung und Anordnung der Leitorgane 37. Während die Leitorgane 37 gemäß Fig. 5 und 6 im Längsschnitt etwa die Form eines gleichschenkligen, mit seiner Basis auf der Abdeckung 15 aufliegenden Dreiecks besitzen können, sind die Leitorgane 37 nach Fig. 7 im Längsschnitt etwa wie ein rechtwinkliges Dreieck ausgebildet, dessen längere Kathete an einer Klappe 38 befestigt ist und dessen kürzere Kathete das in Drehrichtung hintere Ende des Leitorgans 37 bildet. Abgesehen davon können Leitorgane in Form von Stiften, Scheiben, flexiblen Elementen od. dgl. vorgesehen sein. Die in Achsrichtung der Auflösewalze 10 gemessene Breite der Leitorgane 37 ist nicht besonders kritisch, sollte jedoch so gewählt sein, daß die Ausbildung von Teilfaserströmen nicht behindert und eine Anhäufung von Fasern an den Anströmkanten der Leitorgane 37 verhindert wird. Aus demselben Grund empfiehlt sich auch, die Leitorgane 37 mit in Strömungsrichtung von unten nach oben verlaufenden Schrägflächen 39 zu versehen (Fig. 5).5 to 7 show different embodiments for the design and arrangement of the guide members 37. While the guide members 37 according to FIGS. 5 and 6 can have approximately the shape of an isosceles triangle with its base resting on the cover 15, the guide members are 37 in FIG. 7 in longitudinal section approximately like a right-angled triangle, the longer catheter of which is attached to a flap 38 and the shorter catheter of which forms the rear end of the guide member 37 in the direction of rotation. Apart from this, guide elements in the form of pins, disks, flexible elements or the like can be provided. The width of the guide members 37 measured in the axial direction of the opening roller 10 is not particularly critical, but should be chosen so that the formation of partial fiber streams is not hindered and an accumulation of fibers on the leading edges of the guide members 37 is prevented. For the same reason, it is also advisable to provide the guide members 37 with inclined surfaces 39 running in the flow direction from bottom to top (FIG. 5).

Der Abstand der in Strömungsrichtung hinteren Enden der Leitorgane von den Nadeln 3 bzw. den Haken 4 entsprechend dem Maß 40 in Fig. 6 kann unterschiedlich gewählt werden und um so größer sein, je größer die Stapellänge der vorwendeten Fasern ist. Bei zu großem Maß 40 besteht allerdings die Gefahr, daß sich die Teilströme vor Erreichen dar Nadelhaken 4 wieder zu einem Gesamtfaserstrom vereinigen, wodurch die Wirkung der Leitorgane 37, das Einbinden von Fasern in mehr als eine Masche des Grundgestricks zu vermeiden, verloren geht.The distance between the rear ends of the guide elements in the direction of flow from the needles 3 or the hooks 4 corresponding to dimension 40 in FIG. 6 can be selected differently and the greater the greater the staple length of the fibers used. If the size 40 is too large, there is a risk that the partial streams will unite again to form a total fiber stream before the needle hook 4 is reached, as a result of which the effect of the guide members 37 to avoid the incorporation of fibers into more than one stitch of the basic knitted fabric is lost.

Die absolute Höhe der Leitorgane 37 entsprechend dem Maß 41 in Fig. 6 sollte ausreichend groß gewählt sein, um einen ungestörten Durchgang der Fasern 9 zu ermöglichen. Versuche haben gezeigt, daß die Gleichmäßigkeit des Fasereintrags bei gleichzeitiger Vermeidung von Doppel- oder Dreifacheinbindungen der Fasern um so schlechter ausfällt, je kleiner das Maß 41 ist. Dies kann u.a. darauf zurückzuführen sein, daß bei geringer Höhe der Leitorgane 37 zu viele Fasern über die Leitorgane 37 hinwegströmen, ohne daß sich Teilfaserströme bilden, die nur beim Durchgang der Fasern durch die Zwischenräume zwischen den Leitorganen 37 entstehen können.The absolute height of the guide elements 37 corresponding to the dimension 41 in FIG. 6 should be selected to be sufficiently large to allow the fibers 9 to pass through undisturbed. Experiments have shown that the smaller the dimension 41, the worse the uniformity of the fiber insertion while avoiding double or triple binding of the fibers. This can include to be attributed to the fact that when the guide members 37 are too low, too many fibers flow over the guide members 37 without forming partial fiber streams which can only arise when the fibers pass through the spaces between the guide members 37.

Der Abstand der in Fig. 6 oberen Enden der Köpfe der Nadeln 3 von den in Fig. 6 oberen Enden der Leitorgane 37 entsprechend dem Maß 42 hat nach bisherigen Erkenntnissen den größten Einfluß auf den Anteil der über mehr als eine Masche eingebundenen Fasern. Insbesondere wird dieser Anteil um so größer, je größer das Maß 42 wird. Solange das Maß 42 noch gleich oder kleiner als die Länge der Haken 4 der Nadeln 3, d.h. kleiner als der Abstand zwischen dem oberen Kopfende und dem unteren Hakenende ist, ist diese Abhängigkeit noch relativ unbedeutend. Sobald das Maß 42 jedoch größer als die Hakenlänge ist, machen sich Änderungen des Masses 44 relativ stark in entsprechenden Änderungen des Anteils der über mehr als eine Masche eingebundenen Fasern bemerkbar. Es wird daher angenommen, daß die Leitorgane 37 die Wirkung der quer liegenden Fasern nur dann besonders deutlich beseitigen, wenn sie die Haken 4 der Nadeln 3 vollkommen abdecken, d.h. wenn das Maß 42 kleiner als die Hakenlänge ist, weil in diesem Fall alle in die geöffneten Haken 3 eintretenden Fasern die Zwischenräume zwischen den Leitorganen 37 passieren müssen. Ist das Maß 42 dagegen größer als die Hakenlänge, d.h. sind die Haken 4 nur teilweise von den Leitorganen 37 abgedeckt, können die Haken 4 sowohl Fasern 9, die durch die Zwischenräume zwischen den Leitorganen 37 zugeführt werden, als auch Fasern 9 aufnehmen, die über die oberen Kanten der Leitorgane 37 gewandert sind. Infolgedessen läßt sich der Anteil derjenigen Fasern, die über mehr als eine Masche in das Grundgestrick oder Grundgewirk eingebunden werden, durch Änderung des Masses 42 steuern.The distance between the upper ends of the heads of the needles 3 in FIG. 6 and the upper ends of the guide members 37 in FIG. 6 in accordance with the dimension 42 has, according to current knowledge, the greatest influence on the proportion of the fibers integrated over more than one stitch. In particular, this proportion increases, the larger the dimension 42 becomes. As long as the dimension 42 is still equal to or less than the length of the hook 4 of the needles 3, i.e. is smaller than the distance between the top end of the head and the bottom of the hook, this dependence is still relatively insignificant. However, as soon as the dimension 42 is greater than the hook length, changes in the dimension 44 are relatively noticeable in corresponding changes in the proportion of the fibers bound over more than one stitch. It is therefore assumed that the guide members 37 only particularly clearly eliminate the effect of the transverse fibers if they completely cover the hooks 4 of the needles 3, i.e. if the dimension 42 is smaller than the hook length, because in this case all fibers entering the open hook 3 must pass through the spaces between the guide members 37. If, on the other hand, dimension 42 is greater than the hook length, i.e. if the hooks 4 are only partially covered by the guide members 37, the hooks 4 can take up fibers 9, which are fed through the spaces between the guide members 37, and fibers 9, which have migrated over the upper edges of the guide members 37. As a result, the proportion of those fibers which are incorporated into the basic knitted fabric or knitted fabric via more than one stitch can be controlled by changing the size 42.

Zur Ausnutzung dieses Effekts ist in Weiterbildung der Erfindung vorgesehen, die Leitorgane 37 insbesondere hinsichtlich des Masses 42 einstellbar anzuordnen. Hierzu sind die Leitorgane 37 gemäß Fig. 7 auf der verschwenkbaren Klappe 38 angeordnet, die gleichzeitig ein Teil der Abdeckung 15 ist. Die Klappe 38 ist an ihrem von den Leitorganen 37 entfernten Ende an einem Schwenkzapfen 43 schwenkbar aufgehängt und in Richtung eines Pfeils v so verschwenkbar, daß sich das Maß 42 in beliebiger Weise einstellen läßt. Der Schwenkzapfen 43 kann dabei ein in der Klappe 38 ausgebildetes Langloch 44 durchragen, das auch eine Verschiebung der Leitorgane 37 in Strömungsrichtung der Fasern (Pfeil w) und damit eine Einstellung des Masses 40 ermöglicht. Dabei kann weiterhin vorgesehen sein, die Klappe 38 einschließlich der Leitorgane 37 als auswechselbare Einheit auszubilden, damit die Form und/oder Anzahl und/oder Beabstandung der Leitorgane 37 mit wenigen Handgriffen verändert werden kann.To take advantage of this effect, a further development of the invention provides for the guide members 37 to be arranged so as to be adjustable, particularly with regard to the dimension 42. For this purpose, the guide members 37 according to FIG. 7 are arranged on the pivotable flap 38, which is also part of the cover 15. The flap 38 is pivotally suspended from a pivot pin 43 at its end remote from the guide members 37 and can be pivoted in the direction of an arrow v such that the dimension 42 can be adjusted in any manner. The pivot pin 43 can protrude through an elongated hole 44 formed in the flap 38, which also enables a displacement of the guide members 37 in the direction of flow of the fibers (arrow w) and thus an adjustment of the dimension 40. It can also be provided that the flap 38 including the guide members 37 is designed as an interchangeable unit, so that the shape and / or number and / or spacing of the guide members 37 can be changed in a few simple steps.

Schließlich kann vorgesehen sein, beispielsweise das Maß 42 entsprechend einem vorgewählten Muster zu steuern. Hierzu würde es genügen, beispielsweise die in Fig. 7 dargestellte Klappe 38 mustergemäß auf- und abzubewegen. Als Steuervorrichtungen bieten sich zu diesem Zweck mechanische oder elektromagnetische Einrichtungen an, wie sie zur Steuerung anderer Einrichtungen an Rundstrickmaschinen allgemein bekannt sind.Finally, it can be provided, for example dimension 42 corresponding to one to control selected patterns. For this purpose, it would be sufficient, for example, to move the flap 38 shown in FIG. 7 up and down. For this purpose, mechanical or electromagnetic devices, as are generally known for controlling other devices on circular knitting machines, are suitable as control devices.

Im übrigen unterscheiden sich die Ausfürungsformen nach Fig. 3 einerseits und Fig. 6 und 7 andererseits durch die Ausbildung das Ablöseabschnitts 19. Während der radiale Abstand das Ablöseabschnitts 19 von der Mantelfläche der Auflösewalze 10 gemäß Fig. 5 in Richtung der Austrittsöffnung 17 allmählich zunimmt, nimmt der radiale Abstand des Ablöseabschnitts 19 gemäß Fig. 6 erst zu und dann in Richtung der Austrittsöffnung 17 wieder ab, so daß unmittelbar vor der Austrittsöffnung 17 eine Art Sprungschanze oder Rampe entsteht, durch welche die abgelösten Fasern gezielt in Richtung der offenen Haken 4 der Nadeln 3 transportiert werden. Entsprechend ist die Klappe 38 nach Fig. 7 ausgebildet, deren radialer Abstand von der Mantelfläche der Auflösewalze zwischen dem Schwenkzapfen 45 und der Austrittsöffnung 17 ständig abnimmt.3 differ on the one hand and FIGS. 6 and 7 on the other hand by the design of the detachment section 19. While the radial distance of the detachment section 19 from the lateral surface of the opening roller 10 according to FIG. 5 gradually increases in the direction of the outlet opening 17, 6 increases and then decreases again in the direction of the outlet opening 17, so that a kind of ski jump or ramp is formed directly in front of the outlet opening 17, through which the detached fibers are directed in the direction of the open hooks 4 Needles 3 are transported. Correspondingly, the flap 38 according to FIG. 7 is designed, the radial distance from the lateral surface of the opening roller between the pivot pin 45 and the outlet opening 17 is constantly decreasing.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt, die sich auf vielfache Weise abwandeln lassen. Anstelle der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform kann beispielsweise entsprechend Fig. 5 bis 7 vorgesehen sein, die Abdeckung 15 nur bis zur Austrittsöffnung 17 zu erstrecken und in Strömungsrichtung hinter der Einkämmzone 11 eine vorzugsweise verschwenkbare Klappe 45 vorzusehen, deren der Einkämmzone 11 zugewandtes Teil 46 stromlinienförmig ausgebildet und so angeordnet ist, daß es den Luft- und Faserstrom hinter den Nadeln 3 in einen Hauptstrom und einen Nebenstrom unterteilt, um dadurch die in die Nadelhaken 4 eingelegten Fasern in einen Keilspalt 47 zwischen der Klappe 45 und den Haken 13 der Auflösewalze 10 zu ziehen und dadurch zu kämmen und zu orientieren, was die Gleichförmigkeit des Gestricks erhöht (Fig. 5 bis 7).The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described, which can be modified in many ways. Instead of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, for example in accordance with FIGS. 5 to 7, it can be provided to extend the cover 15 only to the outlet opening 17 and to provide a preferably pivotable flap 45 in the flow direction behind the combing zone 11, the part 46 of which faces the combing zone 11 is streamlined and arranged so that it divides the air and fiber flow behind the needles 3 into a main flow and a secondary flow, in order thereby to insert the fibers inserted into the needle hooks 4 into a wedge gap 47 between the flap 45 and the hooks 13 of the opening roller 10 to pull and thereby comb and orient, which increases the uniformity of the knitted fabric (Fig. 5 to 7).

Der Antrieb 34 für die Auflösewalze 10 ist ein vom Strickmaschinenantrieb unabhängiger Antriebsmotor, der auch im Stillstand der Rundstrickmaschine betrieben werden kann, damit die Auflösewalze 10 beim Einschalten der Rundstrickmaschine bereits die erforderliche hohe Drehzahl erreicht hat und diese bis zum erneuten Stillstand der Rundstrickmaschine auch beibehält. Für diesen unabhängigen Antrieb 34 wird allerdings nicht unbedingt ein zweiter, separater Antriebsmotor benötigt, sondern es kann vorgesehen sein, mit Hilfe von speziellen Getrieben und/oder Kupplungen sicherzustellen, daß die Rundstrickmaschine nur bei laufender Auflösewalze 10 arbeiten kann. Andernfalls würden sich bei jedem Stillstand Bereiche im Gestrick ergeben, die keine Fasern oder ungleichmäßig verteilte Fasern aufweisen. Die erforderlichen "hohen" Drehzahlen der Auflösewalzen betrugen bei Versuchsmaschinen 4000 U.p.M. bei einem Auflösewalzendurchmesser von 125 mm und bei im übrigen gleichen Verhältnissen wie bei der Anwendung der herkömmlichen Auflösevorrichtungen.The drive 34 for the opening roller 10 is a drive motor which is independent of the knitting machine drive and which can also be operated when the circular knitting machine is at a standstill, so that the opening roller 10 has already reached the required high speed when the circular knitting machine is switched on and also maintains this until the circular knitting machine comes to a standstill again. For this independent drive 34, however, a second, separate drive motor is not absolutely required, but provision can be made to ensure with the aid of special gears and / or couplings that the circular knitting machine can only work when the opening roller 10 is running. Otherwise there would be areas in the knitted fabric at any standstill that have no fibers or unevenly distributed fibers. The required "high" speeds of the opening rollers in test machines were 4000 rpm. with an opening roller diameter of 125 mm and otherwise with the same conditions as when using the conventional opening devices.

Claims (14)

1. Circular knitting machine for the manufacture of high-pile sliver knitwear, containing a rotatable needle cylinder in which are mounted needles with hooks for receiving fibres, and at least one card which comprises a feeder for a sliver, an opening device for opening the sliver into individual fibres, and a combing zone which is traversed by the needles and in which the fibres are guided in a fibre stream for the purpose of insertion in the hooks without contact, and in the direction of flow of the fibre stream in front of the combing zone (11) are provided guide members (37) for dividing the fibre stream into partial fibre streams,
2. Circular knitting machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the opening device consists of an opening roller (10) which is provided with clothing and can be driven at a high circumferential speed and opposite whose peripheral surface is a cover (15) which comprises an inlet opening (16) for the sliver (8) fed by the feeder (7), an outlet opening (17) leading into the combing zone (11) for the separated fibres (9), and between these two openings (16, 17) a stripping section (19) leading into the outlet opening and comprising the guide members (37).
3. Circular knitting machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the guide members (37) consist of webs.
4. Circular knitting machine according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the guide members (37) are attached to the portion of the cover (15) forming the stripping section (19).
5. Circular knitting machine according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the guide members (37) are arranged adjacent to each other transversely to the direction of flow of the fibre stream.
6. Circular knitting machine according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the guide members (37), for the purpose of covering the hook ends of the needles (3), end at a height which corresponds to at least the height of the hook ends during fibre insertion.
7. Circular knitting machine according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the guide members (37) are arranged adjustably.
8. Circular knitting machine according to claim 7, characterised in that the guide members (37) are attached to an adjustable flap (38) of the cover (15).
9. Circular knitting machine according to one or more of claims 2 to 8, characterised in that the guide members (37) are attached to a replaceable portion of the cover (15).
10. Circular knitting machine according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the number of guide members (37) decreases with increasing gauge and increases with decreasing gauge.
11. Circular knitting machine according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the width of the opening roller (10) is equal to at least five times, preferably equal to at least ten times, the needle spacing calculated from the needle gauge.
12. Circular knitting machine according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the number of guide members (37) is approximately half the quotient formed from the width of the opening roller and the needle gauge.
13. Circular knitting machine according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the guide members (37) are arranged with constant spacing.
14. Circular knitting machine according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the guide members (37) are made of a wear- resistant material.
EP83102941A 1982-04-03 1983-03-24 Circular knitting machine for manufacturing high pile sliver knitwork Expired EP0091025B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83102941T ATE35004T1 (en) 1982-04-03 1983-03-24 CIRCULAR KNITTING MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF KNITWEAR WITH COMBED FIBERS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3212580 1982-04-03
DE19823212580 DE3212580A1 (en) 1982-04-03 1982-04-03 CIRCULAR KNITTING OR CIRCULAR MACHINE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF KNITTED OR KNITTED GOODS WITH COMBED FIBERS

Publications (3)

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EP0091025A2 EP0091025A2 (en) 1983-10-12
EP0091025A3 EP0091025A3 (en) 1986-02-12
EP0091025B1 true EP0091025B1 (en) 1988-06-08

Family

ID=6160248

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83102941A Expired EP0091025B1 (en) 1982-04-03 1983-03-24 Circular knitting machine for manufacturing high pile sliver knitwork

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US (1) US4546622A (en)
EP (1) EP0091025B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS58186645A (en)
AT (1) ATE35004T1 (en)
DD (1) DD210315A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3212580A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3433643A1 (en) * 1984-09-13 1986-03-20 Sulzer Morat Gmbh, 7024 Filderstadt METHOD AND CIRCULAR KNITTING MACHINE FOR PRODUCING KNITWEAR WITH COMBED FIBERS
DE3433642A1 (en) * 1984-09-13 1986-03-20 Sulzer Morat Gmbh, 7024 Filderstadt METHOD AND CIRCULAR KNITTING MACHINE FOR PRODUCING KNITWEAR WITH COMBED FIBERS
JP4914426B2 (en) * 2008-11-26 2012-04-11 岡本株式会社 Stitch knitting tool and knitting machine provided with rotor

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DE383362C (en) * 1923-10-12 Jowa Smith Machine for the production of knitted fabrics with a fiber blanket
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GB195802A (en) * 1922-01-23 1923-04-12 Iowa Smith Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of pile knitted fabrics
US3014355A (en) * 1958-04-07 1961-12-26 Wildman Jacquard Co Method and means for feeding fibers to a knitting machine
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FR1587056A (en) * 1968-05-03 1970-03-13
US3755856A (en) * 1971-04-23 1973-09-04 Kimberly Clark Co Method and apparatus for the formation of fiber fluff
CS167567B1 (en) * 1972-10-02 1976-04-29
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DE2755380B2 (en) * 1977-12-12 1981-01-08 Temafa, Textilmaschinenfabrik Meissner, Morgner & Co Gmbh, 5060 Bergisch Gladbach Device for opening and cleaning cotton waste
DE2925397C2 (en) * 1979-06-23 1982-11-04 Trützschler GmbH & Co KG, 4050 Mönchengladbach Device on a card or card to form a split fiber web
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DE3107714A1 (en) * 1980-10-11 1982-06-24 Sulzer Morat Gmbh, 7024 Filderstadt KNITTING OR KNITTING MACHINE FOR PRODUCING FLORWARE WITH COMBED FIBERS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3212580A1 (en) 1983-10-13
EP0091025A3 (en) 1986-02-12
JPS58186645A (en) 1983-10-31
DE3212580C2 (en) 1989-12-07
US4546622A (en) 1985-10-15
ATE35004T1 (en) 1988-06-15
DD210315A5 (en) 1984-06-06
EP0091025A2 (en) 1983-10-12

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