EP0087363B1 - Elektrischer Transformator - Google Patents
Elektrischer Transformator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0087363B1 EP0087363B1 EP83400329A EP83400329A EP0087363B1 EP 0087363 B1 EP0087363 B1 EP 0087363B1 EP 83400329 A EP83400329 A EP 83400329A EP 83400329 A EP83400329 A EP 83400329A EP 0087363 B1 EP0087363 B1 EP 0087363B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transformer
- accordance
- core
- tube
- magnetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000422252 Cales Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/30—Fastening or clamping coils, windings, or parts thereof together; Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing, or other support
- H01F27/306—Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing or other support
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a single-phase or polyphase electrical transformer, more particularly of the type in which the magnetic circuit defines at least one rectangular window.
- the high and low voltage electrical circuits are wound around an insulating tube in turn surrounding a magnetic core formed by one of the legs of the magnetic circuit.
- the insulating tube can consist of one or more layers of paper or cardboard rolled around the magnetic core, as described in US Patent 2,968,445.
- This patent also describes how the electrical circuits can then be wound around the insulating tube.
- the electrical circuits are maintained both radially and axially with respect to their core by means of wooden blocks ensuring sufficient spaces between electrical and magnetic circuits so as to avoid short circuits.
- Some of these shims are interposed between the tube and the magnetic core. Others are interposed between the annular ends of the electrical circuits and the magnetic yoke.
- This wedging device has many drawbacks. It must be set up manually with large tolerances. For safety, the spaces separating the electrical and magnetic components are wide. The result is an expensive, heavy, bulky and inefficient device.
- the object of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks by producing an electrical transformer in which the setting of the electrical circuits is made easier to perform, more efficient and more precise, and in which the mounting is generally greatly simplified.
- the invention thus relates to an electrical transformer comprising a magnetic frame comprising at least one yoke and at least one core which together define at least one substantially rectangular window, at least one high voltage electrical circuit and at least one low voltage electrical circuit arranged around 'an insulating tube itself surrounding the magnetic core assigned to it.
- the electrical transformer is characterized in that each end of the insulating tube protrudes axially from the electrical circuits which it carries, and is associated with an annular shim interposed between the annular end of the electrical circuits and the magnetic yoke, and in that this wedge has on its face directed towards the magnetic core, two bearing surfaces offset radially, one bearing on the magnetic core, the other closer to the windings, bearing on the insulating tube.
- a single wedge ensures both the centering of the windings around the core, and the axial positioning of these relative to the core. All the positioning surfaces being gathered on the same shim, it can be manufactured with precision and ensure precise positioning of the windings. It is therefore possible to reduce the manufacturing tolerances of the transformer, and to reduce the spaces reserved between the electrical circuits and the magnetic circuit. The transformer is therefore made more efficient, lighter and less bulky. The installation of this single shim at each end of the windings is much easier and faster than that of the many insulating shims used according to the state of the art.
- letransform- three-phase drier is of the plane magnetic frame type 1 comprising three vertical rectilinear cores 2, the lower and upper ends of which are connected respectively by an upper magnetic yoke 3 and a lower magnetic yoke 4.
- This structure defines between the three cores 2 two rectangular magnetic windows 6.
- the magnetic frame is produced in a known manner from rolled strips of magnetic sheet. It comprises a peripheral ring 8 surrounding the two rings 7 at the same time. Each ring 7 or 8 having a semi-octagonal section, each ring 2 and each cylinder head 3 or 4 has the same octagonal section.
- each insulating tube 9 is arranged co-axially and at a slight distance around each core 2.
- each insulating tube 9 carries a low voltage winding 11 made of a strip of aluminum and a high voltage winding 13 made of copper wire, coaxial with the tube 9 and the core 2.
- the two windings 11 and 13 extend over almost the entire length of the core 2, the high voltage winding 13 being outside.
- an annular insulating spacer of known type not shown, which allows the circulation of the insulating oil in the axial direction between the windings.
- the active part of the transformer that is to say the assembly constituted by the frame 1 and the electrical windings 11, 13 is installed in a tank 14 containing insulating oil closed by an upper cover 16, and in which the nuclei 2 are vertical.
- the bottom 17 of the tank carries four longitudinal battens 18 and two transverse battens 19 intended to receive between them the magnetic frame 1 and to position it both in the longitudinal and transverse direction.
- the same device is found under the cover 16 where rubber blocks 21 are also interposed between each pair of cleats 18 and the frame 1 to ensure the elastic positioning of the latter in the vertical direction.
- the insulating tube 9 is made of plastic and is split along one of its generatrices 22.
- the profile of the slot 22 is sinuous, more precisely in step, so as to lengthen the electrical leakage line constituted by the slot sufficiently to avoid any possibility of priming between the electrical windings and the magnetic core 2.
- the tube 9 has a thinning forming a hinge.
- the insulating tube has two tenons 26 arranged on either side of the slot 22 and adjacent to it.
- Each tenon 26 has on the side of the slot 22 a face 27 carried by a plane passing through the axis of the tube 22, so that when the slot 22 is closed, the two tenons 26 of one end are joined. Seen from above, they then together have a substantially semi-circular shape.
- each annular end of the tube 9 extends axially from the windings 11 and 13 over a length equal to the thickness of the studs 26. In use, these are arranged laterally against the internal winding 11.
- the face 27 of the pins 26 is in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the frame 1.
- Each annular end of the tube 9 is associated with an annular shim 28 or 29 (FIG. 4) interposed between the annular end of the electrical circuits 11, 13 and the adjacent magnetic yoke 3 or 4.
- the shim 28, taken as an example, is shown in a very simplified manner in FIGS. 8 and 9.
- the shim 28 comprises two half-shims 31, 32 of generally semicircular shape.
- the joint plane 33 between the half shims 31 and 32 is carried by the median longitudinal plane CC of the frame 1 (FIG. 9).
- the shim On its annular face directed towards the core 2, the shim has a bearing surface 34 whose contour corresponds to the profile of the core 2, so that when the half-shims 31, 32 are assembled around the latter, the shim 28 has no freedom of radial or rotary movement relative to the frame 1.
- the surface 34 is octagonal like the core 2.
- the oblique faces 36 of the surface 34 are recessed to avoid contact with the core 2, which simplifies the centering problems. Only the faces of the surface 34 which are parallel or perpendicular to the plane CC are in contact with the core 2 and ensure positioning.
- the surface 34 is located between the annular end of the tube 9 and the adjacent cylinder head 3 or 4.
- the wedge 28 also has on its face directed towards the core a second bearing surface 37 closer axially to the windings 11 and 13 than the face 34.
- the face 37 which is further from the axis of the core 2 than the face 34, is connected to the latter by a shoulder 38.
- the face 37 which is cylindrical and has a diameter equal to the external diameter of the tube 9, bears on the external face of the latter and more precisely on the part of the tube 9 which extends beyond the windings 11 and 13.
- the width of the surface 37 is equal to the length of the tube 9 which extends beyond the windings 11 and 13.
- the half-shim 31 In a position offset by 90 ° relative to the joint plane 33, the half-shim 31 has a semicircular recess 39 whose shape corresponds to that of the two studs 26 assembled.
- the thickness e of the wedge 28 is equal to the distance separating the windings 11 to 13 from the adjacent cylinder head 3 or 4 in service.
- each half-shim 31 or 32 comprises a veil 43 which is substantially plane in the zone 40 bearing against the magnetic yoke 3 or 4.
- the web 43 On its face directed towards the windings 11, 13 , the web 43 carries fins 44 located on either side of the central opening of the wedge, and oriented perpendicularly CC plan.
- the web 43 On this same face, the web 43 also carries fins 46 parallel to the fins 44 and extending from the central opening of the wedge 28.
- the central opening of the wedge 28 is delimited by an octagonal cutout of the web 43, the edge of which constitutes the surface 34 of bearing against the magnetic core 2.
- the surface 37 for supporting the wedge 28 on the tube 9 is produced at the end of the fins 46 directed towards the central opening of the wedge 28.
- each of these ends forms a staircase constituted by a part of the face 36, a part of the shoulder 38 and a part of the surface 37.
- the surface 37 further comprises a cylindrical sector in the middle of which the notch 39 is formed.
- the veil 43 carries on its face turned towards the adjacent cylinder head 3 or 4, fins 48 oriented obliquely with respect to the plane CC.
- the orientation of the fins 48 carried by one of the half-shims 31, 32 on one side of the opening of the shim 28 is symmetrical with respect to the plane CC of that carried by the other half-shim 31 or 32 of the same side of the central opening of the wedge 28, and is identical to that of the fins 48 carried by the other half-wedge 31 or 32 on the other side of the central opening of the wedge 28.
- the fins 48 are lying in the direction of extraction of the half-shims, so that if one tends to extract the half-shims, they oppose this extraction by bending against the adjacent magnetic yoke 3 or 4.
- the web 43 is curved (FIGS. 12a to 14), in the direction opposite to the windings 11, 13.
- the two half-shims 31 and 32 are assembled according to a stepped joint plane, for the benefit of the robustness and the precision of the assembly.
- the fins 44 carried by each half-shim 31 or 32 are each aligned with one of the fins 44 carried by the other half-shim.
- the fin 44 closest to the central opening of the wedge 28, called fin 44a is thicker than the others and traversed by a bore, threaded with respect to the half-wedge 32, which allows to screw together the two half shims 31, 32 by means of superpolyamide screws.
- the half-shims 31, 32 have a rectangular notch 49 intended to allow the lateral face of the windings 11 to 13 to appear and to allow the connections to exit.
- Each half-wedge 31 or 32 carries on the side opposite to the windings 11 to 13, a U-shaped mount 51 attached by its edge to the veil 43. The central part of the mount is located between the central opening of the wedge 28 and the indented 49, while its two arms are directed opposite the central opening.
- Each of the legs of the frame 51 carries two snap holes 52 ( Figure 12a).
- the mount 51 of the half-shim 32 is used to carry two supports 53, 54 intended in turn to carry coupling members between the low voltage windings of the transformer. As shown in FIG.
- the support 53 carries a blade 56 electrically connected to the internal end of the winding 11.
- the end of the support 53 also carries a blade 57 electrically connected to the blade 56 and connecting the latter to a low voltage phase terminal 58 arranged on one of the end side walls of the tank 14 (FIG. 2).
- Two other blades 59 surrounded by insulation ( Figure 4) are mounted against the blade 57 and each connect the winding 11 assigned to one of the other two cores 2 to a respective phase terminal arranged next to the terminal 58 ( Figure 2).
- the support 54 carries a blade 62 connected to the other end of the winding 11 and a longitudinal blade 63 electrically coupling the blades 62 of the three windings 11 of the transformer.
- the blade 63 is electrically connected to a neutral terminal 64 fitted at the end of the transformer below the terminals 58 and 61 (FIG. 1).
- the frame 51 of the half-block 31 does not carry any accessories. Through the notch 49 of this half-shim passes one of the end wires 66 of the high-voltage winding 13. Each of the wires 66 is connected directly to a high-voltage phase terminal 67 (FIG. 4) arranged in the cover 16 of tank 14 just above the corresponding notch 49.
- the shim 29 carries a housing 68 forming part of a switching device 69 making it possible to adjust the transformation ratio of the transformer.
- the device 69 is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 17 in which we see the three windings 13 coupled in a star between each of the terminals 67 and a conductive rod 71 carrying a contact 72 opposite each of the windings 13.
- each winding 13 On the side of this rod, each winding 13 carries three output contacts 73, one connected to the end of winding 13, the other connected to a turn located below this end and the third to a turn even further from the end of the winding.
- the contacts 73 are arranged for each winding 13 in a housing 68.
- the conductive rod 71 is slidably mounted between each of these housings 68 and a cover 74 which closes it ( Figure 16). In service, the rod is located between the windings 11, 13 and the bottom of the tank, next to the cylinder head 4.
- the rack 71 is connected to a cable 76 mounted in a sheath 77 and connected to a rotary control button 78 placed under the terminal 64 ( Figure 1).
- the rod 71 carries a rack 79 directed towards the bottom of the tank 14, which cooperates with a toothed wheel 81 to which is attached the end of a helical spring 82 ( Figure 4) whose other end is fixed to the housing 68.
- the spring 82 permanently biases the pinion 81 in the direction of the tension of the cable 76, the adjustments being locked by an appropriate device of known type provided in the control button 78 ( Figure 1).
- the two internal rings 7 and then the external ring 8 are produced first by rolling strips of magnetic sheet metal so as to complete the magnetic frame 1.
- An insulating tube 9 is then placed around one of the cores 2, drawing aside the slit 22, passing the core 2 through the slit 22 and then closing the slit 22 when the core 2 is in the tube 9.
- the hinge 23 allows the semi-cylindrical half-shells constituting the tube 9 to pivot relative to one another during these operations.
- a drive toothed wheel 83 (FIGS. 7 and 10) is then placed at each end of the tube 9 formed of two half-wheels separated by a joint plane passing substantially through the axis of the wheel 83.
- the two half -wheels are intended to be screwed to each other around the core 2 and the end of the tube 9 to which the wheel 83 is assigned.
- the wheel 83 is provided with two bores 88 which pass through the joint plane 87 between the half-wheels 84 and 85.
- the bores 88 are tapped in the half-wheel 85 (the teeth of which are not shown) and are embedded in a well 89 opening into the teeth (shown in part only) of the half-wheel 84.
- the wheel 83 On its annular face directed towards the core 2, the wheel 83 has a cylindrical surface 91 intended to bear all around the annular end of the tube 9.
- the axial dimension of the surface 91 corresponds to the length of tube 9 which must exceed windings 11, 13.
- the half-wheel 84 In position offset by 90 ° relative to the joint plane 87, the half-wheel 84 has a notch 92 intended to receive the two studs 26 joined.
- the half-wheel 85 has, opposite the notch 92, a radial groove 93 going from the surface 91 to the toothed periphery of the wheel 83.
- the surface 91 is bordered by a flange 94 serving as a stop for the insulating tube 9.
- the conductive strip 99 is then brought to the end of which a transverse conductive strip has been fixed which constitutes, on each side of the strip 99, a blade 56 which is engaged in the groove 93 of the adjacent drive wheel 83.
- One of the blades 56 will then constitute the phase contact blade of the winding (see FIG. 4), while the other (not visible in FIG. 10), which can be much shorter, is used only for driving the band 99 by the wheels 83.
- the strip 99 consists of an aluminum tape covered with a sheet of insulating paper intended to electrically isolate the turn in progress from the next turn.
- the neutral coupling blade 63 (figure 4) is fixed at the end of it, which is engaged in the groove 93 of the wheel 83 (figure 10).
- plastic insulating spacer (not shown) of known type, analogous to a ladder that would have bent to bring these two ends.
- the winding 13 is then produced around this spacer 13 in a manner which, as regards the arrangement of the turns and their mutual insulation, is analogous to that described in US Pat. No. 2,968,445.
- the contacts 73 are connected where provided.
- the wheels 83 are dismantled, and the windings are carried out in the same way around the other two cores 2.
- the transformer which has just been described is thus particularly easy to produce, light, compact and efficient.
- the insulating tube 9 is very easy to put in place, and also makes it possible to provide only a very small space between the winding 11 and the core 2.
- this process for producing the windings at using the tube 9 almost the entire length of the cores 2 is occupied by the windings.
- the wedges 28 and 29, which cleverly cooperate with the tube 9 alone provide all the functions of positioning the windings relative to the magnetic frame 1.
- the very precise positioning ensured in this way makes it possible to reduce the safety margins provided for the spaces insulation, which is advantageous in lightness and performance.
- thermo-siphon between the windings Thanks to the fins 44 and 46, as well as the curved parts of the web 43 playing the role of oil deflectors, a real circulation of oil can be established by thermo-siphon between the windings.
- the insulating tube prefferably carry means for rotationally coupling with the drive wheels and chocks.
- This coupling could for example be carried out by a thin projection carried by the wheels and the wedges and engaging in the slot 22.
- the insulating tube can consist of two completely separate shells. On the contrary, it may only consist of an elastic shell without hinge.
- the high voltage circuit is wound directly around the core, while the low voltage circuit is wound around the high voltage circuit.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
- Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
- Regulation Of General Use Transformers (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Details Of Television Scanning (AREA)
- Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT83400329T ATE18958T1 (de) | 1982-02-19 | 1983-02-16 | Elektrischer transformator. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8202754 | 1982-02-19 | ||
FR8202754A FR2522190A1 (fr) | 1982-02-19 | 1982-02-19 | Transformateur electrique |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0087363A1 EP0087363A1 (de) | 1983-08-31 |
EP0087363B1 true EP0087363B1 (de) | 1986-04-02 |
Family
ID=9271155
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83400329A Expired EP0087363B1 (de) | 1982-02-19 | 1983-02-16 | Elektrischer Transformator |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0087363B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE18958T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA1196972A (de) |
DE (2) | DE3362754D1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2522190A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB388183A (en) * | 1932-01-25 | 1933-02-23 | August Zopp | Improvements in and relating to electric transformers |
US2449434A (en) * | 1945-03-15 | 1948-09-14 | Gen Electric | Combination coil support and spacer |
GB687151A (en) * | 1950-01-20 | 1953-02-11 | English Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to coil formers |
US3156885A (en) * | 1959-11-18 | 1964-11-10 | Gen Electric | Electrical apparatus and method of making same |
FR1361550A (fr) * | 1963-04-12 | 1964-05-22 | Dispositif permettant un refroidissement poussé d'éléments bobinés statiques, par un fluide quelconque | |
CH451323A (de) * | 1966-03-31 | 1968-05-15 | Siemens Ag | Mehrteiliger Spulenkörper, insbesondere für Relais |
BE756001A (fr) * | 1969-09-12 | 1971-03-10 | Philips Nv | Bobine pour des buts electrotechniques |
GB1308785A (en) * | 1970-09-24 | 1973-03-07 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Coil former for superconductive coils |
DE2936600A1 (de) * | 1979-09-11 | 1981-03-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 70469 Stuttgart | Zuendspule fuer zuendanlagen von brennkraftmaschinen |
-
1982
- 1982-02-19 FR FR8202754A patent/FR2522190A1/fr active Granted
-
1983
- 1983-02-16 DE DE8383400329T patent/DE3362754D1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-02-16 AT AT83400329T patent/ATE18958T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-02-16 DE DE198383400329T patent/DE87363T1/de active Pending
- 1983-02-16 EP EP83400329A patent/EP0087363B1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-02-18 CA CA000421945A patent/CA1196972A/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE87363T1 (de) | 1983-12-08 |
FR2522190B1 (de) | 1984-04-20 |
ATE18958T1 (de) | 1986-04-15 |
EP0087363A1 (de) | 1983-08-31 |
FR2522190A1 (fr) | 1983-08-26 |
DE3362754D1 (de) | 1986-05-07 |
CA1196972A (fr) | 1985-11-19 |
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