EP0085927B1 - Procédé d'enregistrement électrophotographique et couche photoconductrice appropriée à celui-ci - Google Patents

Procédé d'enregistrement électrophotographique et couche photoconductrice appropriée à celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0085927B1
EP0085927B1 EP83100901A EP83100901A EP0085927B1 EP 0085927 B1 EP0085927 B1 EP 0085927B1 EP 83100901 A EP83100901 A EP 83100901A EP 83100901 A EP83100901 A EP 83100901A EP 0085927 B1 EP0085927 B1 EP 0085927B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
photoconductive layer
recording process
photoconductor
textured
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83100901A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0085927A1 (fr
Inventor
Roland Dr. Moraw
Günther Schädlich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hoechst AG
Original Assignee
Hoechst AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hoechst AG filed Critical Hoechst AG
Publication of EP0085927A1 publication Critical patent/EP0085927A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0085927B1 publication Critical patent/EP0085927B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrophotographic recording method in which a photoconductor layer on an electrically conductive substrate is electrostatically charged, exposed imagewise, the charge image generated is made visible with a liquid developer, the deposited toner image is transferred to a copy carrier and the photoconductor layer is subsequently freed of residual toner and residual charges, and one suitable photoconductor layer.
  • a photoconductor layer on an electrically conductive substrate is charged electrostatically and exposed imagewise.
  • the resulting latent charge image is developed with triboelectrically charged toner particles.
  • the charged toner particles are dispersed in a highly insulating dielectric liquid having a volume resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3, such as a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons. These dispersions are called liquid developers.
  • the toner images are transferred from the photoconductor layer to the copy carrier like paper.
  • the photoconductor layer is then cleaned of toner residues and residual charges for the next copying cycle.
  • the photoconductor layers on metallic or metallized substrates such as metal drums or endless belts made of metal-coated plastic films such as polyester films are expediently used.
  • a disadvantage of liquid development is the associated discharge of dispersing liquid.
  • the copy carrier is moistened with it and must be dried. Even if the liquids in the dispersions are not toxic, their vapors pollute the environment.
  • An effective measure for reducing the discharge of dispersing liquid consists (DE-B 2361 833) of rotating a roller at a small distance of approximately 50 ⁇ m in the opposite direction to the photoconductor layer wetted with liquid developer. Even if the known measure already brings about a significant reduction in the discharge of dispersing liquid, an even further reduction is aimed at to reduce the environmental impact.
  • EP-A 52789 in a method for transferring a pigment image produced by treatment with liquid developer from an electrostatic charge image from a charge image carrier to a copy carrier with the aid of an electric field, forms the transfer of the liquid developer layer with imagewise arranged pigment distribution over a short distance Air gap.
  • the gap is produced by spacers in the form of moving films or films arranged stationary between the charge image and copy carriers, which cover up to 10% of the copy carrier surface, or by particles which are connected to the surface of the copy carrier.
  • the arrangement of a film in the space between the charge image carrier and the copy carrier or the equipping of the copy carrier surface with spacers can, on the one hand, impair the flow of copies, on the other hand, such a measure requires additional equipment with special copy carrier material.
  • the solution to this problem is based on an electrophotographic recording method of the type mentioned at the outset and is characterized in that a photoconductor layer is used which is structured on the surface with a roughness depth of 5 to 75 gm.
  • the roughness depth is preferably 5 to 50 gm with period lengths in the range from 100 to 3000 ⁇ m.
  • Such a structured surface can advantageously be produced by structuring the smooth photoconductor layer by pressure and heat treatment.
  • Photoconductor layers which are applied to a metallic layer support can be structured according to the invention by first mechanically removing the metallic surface and then removing the photoconductor layer Apply solution or dispersion and dry. This leads to corresponding structures in the form of grooves or cells on the surface of the photoconductor, for example.
  • the surface of the photoconductor layers, which are arranged on a tape carrier can be structured in such a way that the carrier tape, for example a polyester film, is first embossed using known methods, such as can be found in DE-A 2833982, followed by the surface with aluminum vaporized and then applies the photoconductor layer and dries.
  • the embossed structure of the carrier tape affects the surface of the photoconductor layer.
  • the smooth photoconductor surface layer produced can also be removed mechanically, or the photoconductor layer can be subjected to an embossing process.
  • a structured surface of a photoconductor layer can also be achieved if indifferently acting structural elements such as pigment or polymer dispersions of predetermined particle size are added to the solution or dispersion of the photoconductor layer material.
  • indifferently acting structural elements such as pigment or polymer dispersions of predetermined particle size are added to the solution or dispersion of the photoconductor layer material.
  • photoconductor layers those with inorganic photoconductor such as selenium or its alloys, which is preferred, or also those made from organic materials have proven successful.
  • the support 1 for example an aluminum drum, is previously provided with structural elements 2 in the form of elevations and depressions, for example by mechanical removal, in such a way that they effect structures 4 on the photoconductor surface through the applied photoconductor layer 3 (FIG. 1).
  • the mechanical removal of carrier material can be generated by knurling, by etching or, by means of selective application of electrically conductive substances.
  • the carrier films are knurled or embossed as a layer carrier, for example made of polyester, and then subjected to metal vapor deposition, for example with aluminum.
  • the photoconductor layer 3 is applied by vapor deposition, for example with selenium, or by continuous or discontinuous application for solution, for example by spray coating.
  • a surface-structured photoconductor layer on an aluminum drum was produced by immersing and slowly pulling the drum out at a pulling speed of 40 cm per minute from a 10 percent coating solution made from equal parts by weight of poly-N-vinylcarbazole and trinitrofluorenone in tetrahydrofuran.
  • Structures 4 in the glossy photoconductor layer corresponded to the structure elements 2 on the aluminum drum.
  • photoconductor surfaces For structuring photoconductor surfaces, according to the invention it is also possible to start from initially smooth photoconductor surfaces, into which structures are subsequently introduced, for example by mechanical removal. It has surprisingly been found in such experiments that the commercially available photoconductor drums with selenium or selenium alloys can subsequently be structured by simple pressure and heat treatment, which greatly facilitates the practical implementation of the invention. With photoconductor tapes, the smooth surface of the photoconductor layer can be embossed in presses.
  • a tube made of shrinkable film for example made of polyester, for example polyethylene terephthalate.
  • shrinkable film for example made of polyester, for example polyethylene terephthalate.
  • Such film tubes contract with great force when the temperature rises. They are commercially available and are sold in various diameters.
  • FIG. 2 A corresponding production method is described in FIG. 2. As shown there, a drum 1 made of aluminum with a diameter of 12 cm was provided with the photoconductor layer 3 made of selenium-tellurium, first with one layer of an embossing die 5, in the present case there were different screen printing fabrics, and then tight with shrink tube 6 with a diameter of about 120 mm and a film thickness of about 20 microns.
  • the first impressions appeared on the selenium-tellurium surface.
  • the longest permissible temperature duration without impairment of the photoconductive properties was 5 minutes, corresponding to a temperature of the aluminum substrate of approximately 75 ° C.
  • the impressions were deeper after a longer tempering time.
  • the impressions could also be graded accordingly, so that a set of superficially structured photoconductor drums of different impression depths and structure periods was available for the copying test.
  • the photoconductor drums After removing the shrink tube 6 and embossing die 5, the photoconductor drums could be clamped in a commercially available copying machine and copies could be made with them.
  • dispersing liquid a liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon with a boiling point range of 180-230 ° C, only 0.055 g per A4 copy.
  • the discharge was comparatively 0.120 g per A4 copy, ie the discharge of dispersing liquid was reduced by 54% due to the structuring of the photoconductor surface. It was surprising that the process steps of electrostatic charging, exposure and cleaning with a foam roller and wiper blade and the removal of the residual charges were not noticeably impaired.
  • the image areas for example the lines on the copies made with the surface-structured photoconductor drum with roughness depths of more than 20 gm, showed a punctiform or drop-shaped structure.
  • the elevations created by the structuring of the photoconductor surface presumably act as spacers.
  • roughness depths of less than 20 ⁇ m for the photoconductor surfaces such punctiform or teardrop-shaped structures on the copies could not be obtained with an almost comparable reduction in the liquid discharge.
  • the recording method according to the invention can accordingly be set such that both copies with image points of point-like or drop-shaped structure and copies with image points from uniform pigment deposition can be obtained with a comparable reduction in the discharge of dispersing liquid.
  • a structuring of photoconductor layer surfaces which contain a monomeric or polymeric organic photoconductor with the help of the described shrink tube technology can take place at temperatures in the range from 60 to 120 ° C.
  • the structuring technique with the help of shrink sleeves proves to be very variable, because depending on the inserted matrix, different structure shapes can be created.
  • structures that were produced with the aforementioned screen printing fabric 5 can have sharp-edged shapes 7, as is indicated in FIG. 3. They can cause unwanted fine pigment patterns in non-image areas on the copy carrier.
  • It has proven to be expedient to avoid the sharp edges by inserting a smoothing intermediate film 8 between screen printing fabric 5 and photoconductor layer 3, for example of a smaller thickness than the shrink tubing film, here made of 10 ⁇ m thick polyester film, as can be seen from FIG. 4 .
  • a structure with a largely sinusoidal cross section is then obtained.
  • the copies made with such a wavy structured photoconductor drum are surprisingly well groundless, show very uniform full and halftone areas and an undiminished good resolution of 6.3 lines / mm. When viewed under a magnifying glass, the copies in the image areas showed a largely uniform pigment deposition.
  • the discharge of dispersing liquid was determined to be 0.070 g / A4 copy.
  • the roughness depth of the photoconductor surface used for this was around 6 ⁇ m. With different period lengths of the structures between 110 Rm and 700) im similar results were nevertheless achieved.
  • a surface-structured photoconductor layer was obtained by incorporating structural elements into the photoconductor layer itself.
  • the 10 percent coating solution consisting of equal parts by weight of poly-N-vinylcarbazole and trinitrofluorenone was prepared in a 3 percent dispersion of polytetrafluoroethylene in tetrahydrofuran.
  • the dry 9 ⁇ m thick photoconductor layer on a substrate made of a 50 ⁇ m thick polyester film with a vapor-deposited aluminum layer showed peaks on the surface.
  • the photoconductor tape was stretched around a drum, negatively charged to about 950 V, exposed and developed with toner liquid.
  • the toner liquid contained positively charged pigment particles.
  • the copies were groundless, only when examined closely under a magnifying glass did the non-image areas show weak point-shaped toner deposits corresponding to the surface structure.
  • the discharge of dispersing liquid through the copies was 0.068 g of liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon per A4 copy. With superficially smooth photoconductor layers, an output of 0.115 g per A4 copy is otherwise measured.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Procédé d'enregistrement électrophotogra- phique dans lequel une couche photoconductrice est chargée par effet électrostatique sur un support de couche électroconducteur, exposée selon une image, l'image de charge formée est rendue visible avec un développateur liquide, l'image au toner déposée est transférée sur un support de copie et la couche photoconductrice est ensuite débarrassée des résidus de toner et des charges résiduelles, procédé caractérisé en ce que l'on emploie une couche photoconductrice qui est structurée en surface, avec des aspérités de dimensions allant de 5 à 75 µm.
2. Procédé d'enregistrement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on emploie une couche photoconductrice ayant une dimension d'aspérités de 5 à 50 gm à des distances de 100 à 3000 µm.
3. Procédé d'enregistrement selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on emploie une couche photoconductrice qui a été structurée en surface par un traitement par la pression et par la chaleur.
4. Procédé d'enregistrement selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'on emploie une couche photoconductrice qui a été structurée au moyen d'un tuyau rétrécissable (6) enfilé dessus avec une matrice de gaufrage (5) insérée dedans, à des températures de 60 à 120 °C.
5. Procédé d'enregistrement selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'on emploie une couche photoconductrice qui a été structurée au moyen d'un tuyau rétrécissable (6) enfilé dessus avec une matrice de gaufrage (5) insérée dedans et une feuille intermédiaire (8).
6. Procédé d'enregistrement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'on emploie une couche photoconductrice en sélénium ou en alliage de sélénium qui a été structurée à des températures de 60 à 75 °C.
7. Procédé d'enregistrement selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on emploie une couche photoconductrice dont la structure superficielle est formée par la structure superficielle du support de couche.
8. Procédé d'enregistrement selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on emploie une couche photoconductrice que l'on obtient par incorporation d'éléments structurants inertes dans la couche photoconductrice.
9. Couche photoconductrice sur un support de couche électroconducteur, caractérisé en ce qu'elle est structurée en surface, avec des aspérités de dimensions allant de 5 à 75 µm.
10. Couche photoconductrice selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle a des dimensions d'aspérités de 5 à 50 µm, à des distances de 100 à 3000 gm.
11. Couche photoconductrice selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce qu'elle est constituée de sélénium ou d'alliages de sélénium.
EP83100901A 1982-02-08 1983-02-01 Procédé d'enregistrement électrophotographique et couche photoconductrice appropriée à celui-ci Expired EP0085927B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823204221 DE3204221A1 (de) 1982-02-08 1982-02-08 Elektrophotographisches aufzeichnungsverfahren und hierfuer geeignete photoleiterschicht
DE3204221 1982-02-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0085927A1 EP0085927A1 (fr) 1983-08-17
EP0085927B1 true EP0085927B1 (fr) 1986-06-04

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EP83100901A Expired EP0085927B1 (fr) 1982-02-08 1983-02-01 Procédé d'enregistrement électrophotographique et couche photoconductrice appropriée à celui-ci

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4551406A (fr)
EP (1) EP0085927B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS58144831A (fr)
AU (1) AU1087483A (fr)
DE (2) DE3204221A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (24)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5219698A (en) * 1982-09-27 1993-06-15 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Laser imaging method and apparatus for electrophotography
JPS5957247A (ja) * 1982-09-27 1984-04-02 Canon Inc 電子写真用感光体
JPS60166956A (ja) * 1984-02-09 1985-08-30 Canon Inc 感光体及びそれを用いた画像形成方法
EP0223361B1 (fr) * 1985-09-21 1991-02-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Eléments photorécepteurs
AU596374B2 (en) * 1985-09-25 1990-05-03 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Light receiving members
US4834501A (en) * 1985-10-28 1989-05-30 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Light receiving member having a light receiving layer of a-Si(Ge,Sn)(H,X) and a-Si(H,X) layers on a support having spherical dimples with inside faces having minute irregularities
JPS62163058A (ja) * 1986-01-13 1987-07-18 Canon Inc 電子写真感光体
US4929524A (en) * 1986-09-12 1990-05-29 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Organic photo conductive medium
JPS63243946A (ja) * 1987-03-30 1988-10-11 Canon Inc 電子写真感光体
JP2525004B2 (ja) * 1987-05-29 1996-08-14 昭和アルミニウム株式会社 電子複写機の感光ドラム基体
US6790578B1 (en) 1990-05-15 2004-09-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Printing of reflective sheeting
US5085918A (en) * 1990-05-15 1992-02-04 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Printed retroreflective sheet
JP2876734B2 (ja) * 1990-07-11 1999-03-31 キヤノン株式会社 画像形成装置
US5381211A (en) * 1993-05-24 1995-01-10 Xerox Corporation Texturing of overcoated imaging member for cleaning
DE69518691T2 (de) * 1994-04-28 2001-08-16 Canon Kk Bilderzeugungsverfahren
US5783351A (en) * 1996-01-11 1998-07-21 Eastman Kodak Company Multiactive electrostatographic elements having a support with beads protruding on one surface
US5753401A (en) * 1996-01-11 1998-05-19 Eastman Kodak Company Multiactive electrostatographic elements having a support with beads protruding on one surface
US5733698A (en) * 1996-09-30 1998-03-31 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Release layer for photoreceptors
US5965243A (en) * 1997-04-04 1999-10-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatic receptors having release layers with texture and means for providing such receptors
JP2000029232A (ja) * 1998-07-10 2000-01-28 Canon Inc 画像形成装置
US8377316B2 (en) * 2009-04-30 2013-02-19 Xerox Corporation Structure and method for creating surface texture of compliant coatings on piezo ink jet imaging drums
US8227166B2 (en) * 2009-07-20 2012-07-24 Xerox Corporation Methods of making an improved photoreceptor outer layer
US20110014557A1 (en) * 2009-07-20 2011-01-20 Xerox Corporation Photoreceptor outer layer
JP5899924B2 (ja) * 2011-12-28 2016-04-06 富士電機株式会社 電子写真用感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真用感光体の製造方法

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US3399060A (en) * 1963-04-16 1968-08-27 Little Inc A Electrophotographic product and method for achieving electrophotographic copying
US3801315A (en) * 1971-12-27 1974-04-02 Xerox Corp Gravure imaging system
US3992091A (en) * 1974-09-16 1976-11-16 Xerox Corporation Roughened imaging surface for cleaning

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4551406A (en) 1985-11-05
JPS58144831A (ja) 1983-08-29
EP0085927A1 (fr) 1983-08-17
DE3363850D1 (en) 1986-07-10
AU1087483A (en) 1983-08-18
DE3204221A1 (de) 1983-08-18

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