EP0083898B1 - Verfahren und Anlage zum Stranggiessen von Hohlkörpern unter Anwendung von Magnetfeldern - Google Patents

Verfahren und Anlage zum Stranggiessen von Hohlkörpern unter Anwendung von Magnetfeldern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0083898B1
EP0083898B1 EP82420179A EP82420179A EP0083898B1 EP 0083898 B1 EP0083898 B1 EP 0083898B1 EP 82420179 A EP82420179 A EP 82420179A EP 82420179 A EP82420179 A EP 82420179A EP 0083898 B1 EP0083898 B1 EP 0083898B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mandrel
rotor
metal
magnetic material
rotation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82420179A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0083898A2 (de
EP0083898A3 (en
Inventor
Roland Ernst
Marcel Garnier
Michel Giroutru
André Gueussier
René Moreau
Pierre Peytavin
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Vallourec SA
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Vallourec SA
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Priority to AT82420179T priority Critical patent/ATE20645T1/de
Publication of EP0083898A2 publication Critical patent/EP0083898A2/de
Publication of EP0083898A3 publication Critical patent/EP0083898A3/fr
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Publication of EP0083898B1 publication Critical patent/EP0083898B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
    • B22D11/115—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/006—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of tubes

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a method for manufacturing hollow bodies by continuous casting with the use of a magnetic field which acts on the liquid metal in an annular zone adjacent to an internal mandrel, as well as the device for implementing said method. .
  • the method according to the invention can be applied to all metals capable of being continuously cast by the conventional methods of casting solid bodies and among which mention may be made of aluminum, copper and steels.
  • the method according to the invention will be applied with particularly great interest to the manufacture of hollow bodies of circular section and, in particular, by operating by rotary continuous casting, the hollow bodies obtained being able, for example, to serve as blanks having good qualities of inner and outer skins for the manufacture of seamless tubes.
  • a cylindrical or cylindrical conical metal mandrel for example made of copper, is used, internally cooled with water and arranged coaxially inside the ingot mold or external casting mold. Arrangements are also made to cool the inner wall of the hollow product obtained, generally with water, after the formation of a solidified surface layer. As it is poured, the initially liquid metal solidifies on contact with the mandrel, the solidification front then progressing radially with respect to said mandrel.
  • the inner skin of these products therefore has the same types of defects that are observed on the outer skin of solid bodies in conventional castings. These defects are further aggravated by the small size of the available space which prevents the introduction of any mechanical device making it possible to eliminate them at least partially.
  • the inductors used in this process are supplied by a single-phase alternating current and therefore create a stationary sinusoidal magnetic field, generally qualified as a pulsating field.
  • This pulsating field mainly promotes the creation of pressure forces within the liquid metal, which move it away from the fixed walls in which the inductors are contained, without generating significant circulatory movements within the mass of liquid metal.
  • Such a technique is probably usable for aluminum, which has a shallow solidification well and a relatively flat solidification front.
  • Another solution for improving the quality of the inner skin of cast hollow bodies consists in using a rotary continuous casting process, in which a central mandrel is used by continuously introducing a slag between the annular surface of the metal being solidified and the outer wall of the mandrel.
  • This process has the disadvantage of disturbing heat exchange and delaying the progression of the solidification front from the mandrel.
  • it is necessary to carry out a treatment of the internal surface of the product obtained before use to remove, among other things, the layer of slag deposited on the internal skin.
  • a device has also been sought for implementing such a simple and economical process, and applicable to the casting of numerous metals or alloys.
  • the object of the invention is a method of manufacturing metallic hollow bodies by vertical continuous casting, in which liquid metal is continuously introduced into an annular space comprised between an exterior metallic mold cooled by fluid circulation and an interior mandrel. also cooled by circulation of fluid, this metal gradually solidifying in contact with the walls of the mold and the mandrel with the formation of a hollow body which is extracted below the mold and in which, in an annular zone close to the external surface of the mandrel, the liquid metal is subjected to the direct action of a mobile magnetic field or sliding field which creates inside this metal in said annular zone of forces, having a vertical component directed from bottom to top, which cause this metal to the free surface of the metal bath.
  • the liquid metal located in the vicinity of the internal mandrel is entrained from bottom to top, in a direction opposite to the direction of extraction of the hollow product formed.
  • This upward movement of the liquid metal in this annular zone accelerates the ascent towards the free surface of the metal bath, of inclusions or dross present in the liquid metal in the vicinity of the external surface of the mandrel.
  • the liquid metal is, in general, introduced continuously and controlled by a jet coming, for example, from a pouring nozzle which makes it possible to adjust the flow rate and the impact of the jet, both in angle and in position.
  • the free surface of the metal bath can either be in contact with the atmosphere or be protected by any known means such as, for example, a protective neutral gas introduced in the liquid or gaseous state, or else a slag.
  • the mobile magnetic field which plays an essential role, can be created by any suitable means consisting of inductor systems, fixed or mobile relative to the liquid metal, supplied with polyphase alternating current, or in mobile inductor systems constituted by powered windings by direct current or by a magnetic magnetic material.
  • a particularly simple and effective embodiment of the mobile magnetic field consists in using a magnetic rotor constituted by a rotor of revolution on which a magnetized magnetic material is fixed, this magnetic rotor being contained in the internal mandrel, and animated by a movement of rotation around its axis thanks to a drive means.
  • said magnetic rotor is driven in rotation by the cooling fluid of the internal mandrel via a turbine or any other suitable direct or indirect drive means.
  • a magnetic rotor it is arranged to favor the vertical component of the mobile magnetic field with respect to the horizontal component which tends to drive the liquid metal in rotation around the mandrel .
  • the speed of rotation adopted for the rotor is such that the mobile magnetic field also called sliding field when one considers essentially its vertical component, has a sufficient frequency to have an effect of ascent of the metal along the notable mandrel, without however that this frequency is too high, the field then being absorbed, for the most part, by the metal screen that constitutes the mandrel and also the layer of metal solidified along the outer wall of the mandrel.
  • Rotational speeds of 1,000 to 3,000 rpm. corresponding to frequencies from 17 to 50 Hz, are generally adopted; higher or lower speeds may however be advantageous in some cases.
  • a lubrication of the external wall of the internal mandrel, in contact with the metal by a vegetable oil, for example, rapeseed oil, to be known for this. application.
  • the internal mandrel will be given the conicity necessary to allow good release of the products.
  • Rotary continuous casting which is commonly practiced for the production of solid bodies of circular section, generally comprises a vertical ingot mold animated by a uniform rotational movement around its axis, the cast metal being extracted vertically under the ingot mold by a continuous downward rotation-translation helical movement.
  • the liquid metal is introduced into the annular space comprised between an external mold with vertical axis, of cooled circular section, rotating at a uniform angular speed around of this axis and an internal vertical mandrel, the axis of which is, most often, coincident with the axis of the external mold, said mandrel being cooled by internal circulation of fluid and rotating on itself around its axis, in the same direction as the external mold, the hollow shaped blank being extracted vertically by a downward helical movement, by extraction means.
  • the liquid metal is subjected to a mobile magnetic field having its source inside the mandrel, so as to create forces such that they impart to the liquid metal a movement having a vertical, parallel component to the axis of the mandrel, directed from the bottom up.
  • the angular speed of the internal mandrel is generally substantially equal to that of the external mold, this movement being either controlled by a mechanical device or the result of the friction product being driven in solidification course on the mandrel.
  • the hollow product in the course of solidification is subjected, along and close to the internal mandrel, not only in the vicinity of the surface, but over a height corresponding substantially to the entire height of the external mold, to the mobile magnetic field.
  • directions of rotation are adopted such that the rotation of the liquid metal due to the horizontal component of the mobile magnetic field and the rotational movement of the external mold and of the mandrel are in opposite directions.
  • the effect of the metal rising along the mandrel is then most marked despite the generally concave shape of the meniscus due to the rotation of the outer mold and the mandrel.
  • the rotational speed of the outer mold is generally between 30 and 120 rpm.
  • the invention also relates to a device for implementing the method described above.
  • This device comprises a vertical exterior mold with a metallic interior wall cooled by internal circulation of fluid, an interior mandrel with metallic wall cooled by circulation of fluid, means for introducing a liquid metal into the upper part of the annular space included between the mandrel and the mold, means for extracting down the hollow body during solidification and means for creating a mobile magnetic field housed inside the mandrel.
  • the mobile magnetic field can be created by inductive windings, supplied with polyphase current, fixed or mobile relative to the outer wall of the mandrel.
  • the mobile magnetic field is created by means of an inductor system rotating relative to the outer wall of the mandrel and comprising either windings supplied with direct current, or a magnetic material permanently magnetized.
  • the device which is the subject of the invention further comprises means for driving the external mold in rotation as well as extraction means making it possible to extract vertically downwards, with a movement helical, the hollow body in the process of solidification.
  • the inner mandrel is preferably arranged coaxially with the mold.
  • the rotation of the rotor is ensured by the fluid of the cooling circuit via a turbine located inside the internal mandrel.
  • the inner mandrel is imperatively made of a non-magnetic material advantageously having good heat conductivity and as low an electrical conductivity as possible.
  • the internal part of the mandrel that is to say the part corresponding to the magnetic rotor, advantageously extends over a height substantially equal to that of the external mold, the rotor projecting above the free level of the metal bath.
  • a preferred solution for creating the mobile magnetic field consists in using permanent magnets as magnetized magnetic material, in the form of parallelepipeds with rectangular faces, on the periphery of a rotor made up of a part of revolution made of magnetic material, according to a propeller having a homogeneous north-south magnetization, preferably radial.
  • the magnetized magnetic material is placed along two offset helices wound around the rotor like a screw with two threads, each propeller having, in this case, a homogeneous radial magnetization, one helices being magnetized so that at each point a north pole is closer to the axis of the rotor, and the other helix so that a south pole is closest to the axis of the rotor at each point.
  • the magnetic material being magnetized by centrifugal force, it is important to secure it with the rotor by means of a hoop made of a material based on natural or synthetic fibers covering the material.
  • magnetic magnetized and surrounding the magnetic rotor The connection between the hoop and the substrate is preferably ensured by a polymerized synthetic resin which impregnates the hoop.
  • the magnetic material which constitutes the rotor is preferably a mild steel or a carbon steel such as a structural steel.
  • the intervals between the successive turns of the propeller or propellers made of magnetized magnetic material are preferably filled with a filling material such as a polymerizable mastic reinforced with fiberglass.
  • a felt made of non-woven fibrous material.
  • fibers with high mechanical characteristics such as glass fibers or polyamides, are used to form the hoop.
  • the connection between the felt and the hoop and the substrate is preferably ensured by a polymerized synthetic resin which impregnates both the hoop and the felt.
  • magnetic magnetized material a magnetic rubber for example in the form of ribbons or else a cobalt-based alloy containing at least one rare earth metal, such as for example samarium.
  • FIG. 1 The device according to the invention, described here in the case of rotary continuous casting for obtaining hollow steel bars, is shown as a whole in FIG. 1, which has been cut in its lower part to facilitate representation.
  • the device for the continuous rotary casting of solid steel bodies, of circular section is known per se, in particular from the publications whose references have been given above.
  • FIG. 1 represents a device for rotary continuous casting of hollow bodies according to the invention, which comprises an external mold 1, or ingot mold, rotating around a vertical axis of generally tubular shape and of circular section, cooled, an internal mandrel 2 , a liquid metal supply system shown diagrammatically by arrow 3 and a vertical helical extraction system for the cast products.
  • the ingot mold 1 or external mold is simply represented by its wall 4 limited to 5 and 6. This wall generally has a slight taper, with a reduction in section in the lower part, which ensures contact with the metal being solidified.
  • Its cooling system and its rotary drive means known to those skilled in the art, have not been shown.
  • the free surface of the metal is at 7 and the hollow body of circular section, partially solidified is at 8.
  • the hollow inner mandrel 2 consists of two parts: the lower part, located at the level of the mold 1 immersed in the metal being solidified, which constitutes the active part of the mandrel, and the upper part, located above the mold 1 , carrying the control and support mechanisms of the lower part.
  • the mandrel comprises a sleeve (9), of generally tubular shape, of circular section and of height slightly greater than the height of the mold 1.
  • the sleeve 9 advantageously has a taper with narrowing of the section downward to allow the removal of the metal during solidification.
  • the sleeve 9 is generally made of a non-magnetic material having good heat conductivity, for example, copper or copper alloy.
  • the mandrel 2 is held in position in the mold by support means shown in FIG. 2, so that the sleeve 9 is perfectly coaxial with the mold 1.
  • the sleeve 9 is assembled, for example, by sleeving at 10 with a static seal 11 with a support tube of revolution 12 which constitutes the upper part of the mandrel and the upper end of which penetrates into the head of the mandrel 13.
  • a double lip seal 14 allows the free rotation of the mandrel relative to the head 13 while ensuring the tightness with respect to the pressurized fluid which circulates inside.
  • the rotation of the sleeve 9 is controlled by a motor system shown in Figure 3, which ensures both the mechanization in rotation of the mandrel 2 and its general maintenance in vertical position and centered relative to the mold 1, the axis of the mandrel being coincident with that of the mold 1.
  • This mechanical drive device is described below.
  • the head 13 fixed to the motor device of FIG. 3 by a fixing lug P, carries the supply lines 15 and start lines 16 of the cooling fluid.
  • the tube 17 is sealed in its lower part 19; it is secured to the support tube 12 by means of radial plates 20-21, which do not prevent the axial flow between 12 and 17 of the cooling fluid.
  • the sleeve 9 and the tube 17 are tightly joined to the lower part by the annular bottom piece 22 with O-ring seals 23 and 24.
  • the tube 17 is centered by an annular piece 25 with respect to which it is free to rotate thanks to a static O-ring 27 inside the head of the mandrel 13.
  • a nut 28 screwed at 29 to the tube 17 blocks the bottom piece 22.
  • the sleeve 9, the support 12, the tube 17 and the bottom piece 22 are perfectly integral and can rotate at the same speed of rotation.
  • the magnetic rotor 18 is constituted by a hollow cylinder free to rotate on the tube 17 and carries on its outer surface a magnetic material. Its particular structure will be described later.
  • the length of the rotor is chosen so that its upper part clearly exceeds the level corresponding to the free surface of the liquid metal in the vicinity of the sleeve 9. In construction, arrangements are made so that the interval between rotor 18 and sleeve 9 is as small as possible, taking into account the need to maintain a sufficient cross-section for the coolant.
  • the speed of the rotor 18 is not linked to the speed of the tube 17 and said rotor turns on rings of suitable material, for example of resin-based material plus fiber celeron type, 31 and 32 positioned on the tube 17.
  • the rotor 18, the speed of rotation of which must be high, of the order of 1000 to 3000 rpm, is driven in rotation by the cooling fluid by means of a turbine 33 machined in the lower part of the rotor, and therefore integral with it.
  • Figure 2 gives, in section, the profile of the turbine.
  • the cooling fluid which is under a suitable pressure inside the tube 17, leaves it by radial holes such as 34 distributed in suitable number at the periphery of the tube 17.
  • a set of orifices, such than 35, in profile suitable, are distributed around the periphery of the rotor 18 and oriented so as to cause the rotor drive to react.
  • the cooling fluid generally water
  • entering at 15, descending inside the tube 17 and rising in the interval 30 to exit at 16, ensures both the cooling of the sleeve. 9, to allow the elimination of calories from the metal bath, and the cooling of the rotor and of the magnetized magnetic material.
  • a suitable drawing of the parts makes it possible, with a water pressure of 2 to 3 bars, to reach a speed of approximately 3000 rpm, keeping the temperature of the magnetic rotor as a whole below 100 ° C., the circulation speeds adopted making it possible to avoid the presence of air in the cooling circuit.
  • the rotational speed of the rotor that which allows a sufficiently high upward displacement speed of the liquid metal to be obtained.
  • the ratio between the upward movement speed of the liquid metal and the speed of rotation of the rotor is a function of this speed of rotation. Beyond a critical speed of rotation, the speed of upward movement of the liquid metal no longer increases and, on the contrary, begins to decrease rapidly. This critical speed of rotation depends in particular on the nature of the material which constitutes the wall of the sleeve 9 and on the thickness of the latter.
  • This mechanism essentially consists of a toothed crown 36 hooped on the molten part 12 by a drive shaft 37, at the end of which there is a bevel gear 38.
  • the crown is supported in its rotation by two tapered roller boxes 39 and 40, which keep the mandrel 2 in a fixed vertical position.
  • the shaft 37 also rotates in a box with two tapered rollers 41 and 42, a casing waterproof and cooled 43-44 closing everything. Seals 45-46 provide sealing during rotation of the mandrel.
  • the head of the mandrel 13 is fixed to the motor shaft housing by the lugs P and 47 and the bolts 48.
  • the mandrel 2 is positioned on the mold 1 by a system, not shown, of legs moored on the one hand, on the work floor which may be at the height of the mold 1, and on the other hand, on the casing 43-44 or on the head 13 of the mandrel. Thus, it maintains a well defined vertical position of the mandrel.
  • the structure of the magnetic rotor 18, creating the mobile field is shown in elevation, Figure 4, the upper part of the figure being in section.
  • This rotor consists of a hollow cylinder 49 made of structural steel, the ends of which are profiled to allow the accommodation of the friction rings 31-32 making it possible to center in rotation said rotor with a minimum of friction.
  • the magnetized magnetic material consists of permanent magnets such as 50 positioned in housings such as 51, made side by side in a helix, on the surface of the cylinder. These magnets are fixed in their housing, for example by gluing.
  • the propellers are two in number, coaxial 52 and 53, arranged around the rotor in the manner of a double-threaded thread having a pitch to the right, each propeller being magnetically homogeneously oriented, it that is to say that the poles closest to the axis of the rotor of all the magnets of the same propeller are of the same name.
  • the magnetic orientation of the two propellers is opposite.
  • the poles of the propeller 52, the closest to the axis of the rotor are south, while those of the propeller 53 the closest to the axis of the rotor, are North.
  • Any permanent magnet that is sufficiently stable can be used.
  • the direction of winding of the propeller or propellers on the magnetic rotor must be the same as the direction of rotation of the rotor around its axis seen from above. Thus, if the rotor seen from above turns clockwise, the propeller or propellers must have a right pitch.
  • This rotor structure creates by rotation, a mobile magnetic field also called sliding field whose direction of movement is at each point perpendicular to the threads of the propeller and contained in the plane tangent to the surface of the cylinder.
  • the direction of movement of this sliding field therefore has, on the one hand, a vertical component which drives the liquid metal from bottom to top, on the other hand a horizontal component which tends to drive the liquid metal in rotation.
  • the pitch of the propeller or propellers is chosen so that the horizontal component of the magnetic field remains weak, while not bringing the poles of opposite names too close on the same generator of the rotor, so as to have field lines penetrating deep into the liquid metal.
  • the distance on the same generator, between the ends closest to a north magnet and a south magnet, is preferably not taken less than the great length of the basic parallelepiped.
  • the quality of the results obtained in the process according to the invention depends in particular, as will be seen below, on obtaining a sufficiently high speed of upward movement of the liquid metal along the sleeve. It is in fact this upward movement which causes dross and inclusions up to the free surface of the metal and which creates an annular relief around the sleeve which prevents dross floating on the surface of the metal bath from depositing on the interior surface. of the hollow body being solidified.
  • the rotor is housed inside a mandrel of relatively large length, which is secured, by only one of its ends, to a fixing means. It is therefore necessary, in many cases, to limit the speed of rotation of the rotor to a value less than the optimal speed which would give the greatest speed of upward movement of the liquid metal to avoid tearing.
  • a relatively light magnetic rotor has been developed in the context of the present invention capable of rotating at high speed without the risk of the magnetized magnetic material being torn off.
  • This magnetic rotor comprises a part of revolution made of magnetic material, capable of rotating around its axis, on the surface of which is arranged, along at least one helix, a magnetized magnetic material; this magnetized magnetic material is secured to the rotor by at least one hoop consisting of a material based on natural or synthetic fibers as well as by a synthetic resin, this hoop covering the magnetized magnetic material and surrounding the rotor.
  • FIG. 5 represents a first embodiment of this magnetic rotor.
  • This rotor comprises a part of revolution made of magnetic metal, consisting of a cylinder 64 made of carbon steel such as steel type XC 35 (AFNOR standard).
  • This cylinder has at each of its two ends a housing 65-66 intended to receive a friction ring or a ball bearing allowing it to rotate at high speed around its axis with the minimum of friction.
  • a turbine machined in the lower part of the rotor, has orifices represented schematically at 67-68, oriented and dimensioned so that the fluid which passes through them, as described above, causes the rotational drive of the rotor at the desired speed.
  • two parallel grooves are machined in a helix 69-70.
  • These grooves have a relatively small depth e and a large width 11, the distance 1 2 between two successive grooves is preferably close to 11, the magnetic material is bound in part in these grooves.
  • a magnetic rubber ribbon is used, the active material of which is most often a ferrite which is glued by a suitable means into the groove.
  • several thicknesses of magnetic rubber are preferably glued.
  • two magnetic helices 71-72 are produced, each consisting of three layers of magnetic rubber 71 1 -71 2 -71 3 and 72 1 -72 2 -72 3 , Within each helix, l he North-South magnetization axis is radial and in the same direction along the helix.
  • the direction of magnetization changes from one propeller to another.
  • the propeller 71 has on the outside a North pole N and the propeller 72, on the contrary, a South pole S.
  • the gap 73 between the helices is filled with a filling and binding material such as a mixture of fibrous material and of a polymerizable resin having good wetting power vis-à-vis the surface of the steel cylinder and also vis-à-vis the magnetic material.
  • a filling and binding material such as a mixture of fibrous material and of a polymerizable resin having good wetting power vis-à-vis the surface of the steel cylinder and also vis-à-vis the magnetic material.
  • knurling can be carried out on the surface of the cylinder. After hardening of the resin, this bonding material makes it possible, in particular, to avoid any displacement of the magnetic helices relative to one another.
  • a hoop 74 comprising a fabric based on high modulus fibers of elasticity which completely covers the cylindrical surface formed by the two magnetic helices and the filling material. This hoop 74 is shown in partial section in FIG. 5.
  • the thickness of the hoop is calculated so as to keep the magnetic propellers pressed against the cylinder despite the centrifugal force which is exerted on the magnetic material when the rotor turns at its speed of speed.
  • the fibers with high mechanical characteristics which make it possible to produce the hoop, it is possible in particular to use glass fibers, polyamide fibers, or even carbon or boron fibers.
  • fibers with a high modulus of elasticity are used.
  • Certain natural fibers may also be suitable.
  • the relative dimensions of the various elements constituting the magnetic rotor are chosen by a person skilled in the art as a function of the various parameters of the installation for continuous casting of hollow bodies which it is a question of producing and may vary within wide limits. It is thus possible to use for the continuous casting of hollow steel bodies an internal copper mandrel, in which is housed a magnetic rotor of 144 mm of external diameter and 600 mm in height. This rotor is rotated about its axis at a speed of the order of 3000 rpm. by a turbine, as described above. This rotor has a cylindrical core of structural steel, 87 mm in diameter and 600 mm high.
  • each of these grooves is housed three superimposed layers of a magnetic rubber band of about 9 mm thick and whose width corresponds to that of the groove.
  • These ribbons are glued to the back of the throat and also glued together.
  • the gap between the ribbons is filled with a polymerizable putty reinforced with fiberglass.
  • the whole is then wrapped by a thin layer of about 1 mm thick in a glass felt itself covered with a fabric made of polyamide fibers with high mechanical strength and high elastic modulus, about 2 mm thick which constitutes the hoop.
  • the hoop and the felt are impregnated with a polymerizable liquid resin which, after hardening, ensures the connection between the hoop, the felt, and the substrate.
  • the thickness of the hoop and that of the felt are adjusted so that the outside diameter of the magnetic rotor reaches approximately 144 mm. Thanks to this hoop, the magnetic tape forms a block with the rotor core and supports without displacement the centrifugal forces resulting from the rotation at 3000 rpm. of the magnetic rotor.
  • the clearance between the outer surface of the magnetic rotor and the inner surface of the mandrel in which it is housed must be as small as possible, taking into account the need to leave sufficient passage for the circulation of the cooling fluid, most often of the water.
  • the flow rate of this fluid must be determined taking into account not only the calories to be removed but also the need to drive the turbine at the desired speed.
  • This distance also called air gap
  • This distance corresponds to the sum of 3 terms: the thickness of metal solidified in contact with the external surface of the wall of the mandrel, the thickness of this wall of the mandrel and the distance between the internal surface of this wall of the mandrel and the outer surface of the magnetic propellers.
  • a much stronger magnetic field than that which can be obtained by means of magnetic rubber.
  • magnets based on cobalt-rare earths such as CORAMAG magnets (registered trademark of UGIMAG S.A. MAGNETS). These magnets, thanks to their very large coercive induction field, of approximately 8,000 Oe and to their very large residual education of the order of 8,300 G, make it possible to multiply by a factor of 4, for equal volume, the field magnetic product.
  • FIG. 6 represents in partial section a magnetic rotor comprising such magnets.
  • This rotor comprises, like that of FIG. 5, two parallel helical grooves 76 and 77, of shallow depth and relatively large width in which are housed parallelepiped plates. ques in cobalt-rare earth magnetic alloy such as those marketed under the brand CORAMAG. These alloys are based on cobalt and contain rare earths such as samarium combined with cobalt at least partly in the form of intermetallic compounds such as TRCo s or TR 2 C O17 , TR being a rare earth metal.
  • the propeller 81 comprises plates whose North pole N is on the side furthest from the axis of the rotor, while, for the propeller 82, it is on the contrary the pole South S which is furthest from the rotor axis.
  • the helical arrangement side by side of the magnetic plates such as 83, 84, 85, 86 on the periphery of the rotor.
  • These plates are preferably bonded to the rotor, and to each other by means of a synthetic adhesive.
  • a filling and bonding material 87 such as a polymerizable putty reinforced with glass fiber which fills the gap between the turns, and then there is arranged around the assembly a hoop 88 constituted by a layer of fabric based on fibers with high mechanical characteristics and, in particular, with high modulus of elasticity, which completely covers the cylinder.
  • This hoop can, for example, be constituted by a ribbon wound helically around the cylinder or else have the shape of a sleeve which is threaded around the cylinder.
  • a fabric based on glass fibers can be used for this.
  • the hoop 88 is shown only partially in the zone in axial section. It obviously covers the entire cylindrical surface of the rotor so as to strongly tighten the magnetic plates and to keep them firmly in contact with the bottom of the grooves 76 and 77, even when the rotor is rotated at 3000 rpm. min. or more.
  • the hoop 88 is preferably secured to the substrate by impregnating this hoop with a polymerizable liquid resin of known type.
  • a nonwoven felt based on glass fibers can be placed between the two, for example, which makes it possible to achieve elastic tightening at all points.
  • the connection between the hoop, the felt and the underlying materials is preferably carried out by impregnation using liquid polymerizable resin.
  • magnetized magnetic material Numerous types of magnets can be used as magnetized magnetic material, the magnetic or dimensional characteristics of which can be extremely varied.
  • the rotational drive of the magnetic rotor can be achieved by many different means. We can, in particular, perform this drive, not by means of a turbine driven by the coolant, but by means of an electric motor, which can be connected directly to the rotor, or, on the contrary, be connected to the latter by a mechanical drive means of suitable length.
  • the hoop can also be produced in a large number of different ways using a very wide variety of synthetic or even natural fibers. All these variant embodiments do not allow to depart from the field of the invention as defined in the claims.
  • the continuous casting device according to the invention can be further improved by providing, as shown in FIG. 1, under the rotary mandrel, a screen 54, the function of which is to reduce the radiation from the internal surface of the hollow bar. , once out of the mandrel.
  • a screen consisting of a hollow metal cylinder with a solid bottom, can be fixed by screwing at 55 to an extension of the central tube 17.
  • a screen 54 advantageously to provide a secondary cooling device by neutral protective gas.
  • the distribution of such a protective gas is ensured by a tube 56 threaded at 57 and screwed into an axial hole 58 drilled in the bottom 19 of the tube 17.
  • Radial channels such as 59 put in communication hole 58 with the outside. The gas, which leaves through these holes, strikes the inner wall during solidification of the hollow body and therefore accelerates this solidification.
  • This protective gas is brought to the head 13 at 60. In this way, the cooling water cannot escape from the mandrel 2 and there is no risk of untimely penetration of water into the interior cavity of the bars being solidified.
  • a seal 61 prevents the penetration of the cooling water from the tube 17.
  • a lubrication device using vegetable oil, rapeseed oil type can be provided in the sleeve 9-skin metal interface during solidification, for example, by a drip dispenser.
  • the device which has just been described, with regard to the magnetic rotor, has the advantage of being particularly simple and compact.
  • the sleeve 9 instead of having the shape of a cylinder of revolution of constant section, as in FIG. 1, has over its entire part which is in contact with the cast metal, a corresponding shape of revolution to the inner section of the hollow bar to be manufactured and, in its upper zone, a section corresponding to the sleeving 10 of the support tube 12, the two parts of said sleeve 9 being connected, in this case, by a shoulder.
  • the diameter of the rotor 18 is adapted to the inside diameter of the sleeve 9.
  • the same rotor can be used for several dimensions of the sleeves 9, therefore of hollow bars.
  • the liquid metal is fed continuously by 3 into the mold 1, which is rotated at a constant speed.
  • the inner mandrel 2 is also driven by a rotation movement at a constant speed substantially equal to that of the mold 1 and in the same direction.
  • This rotation of the mandrel is ensured either by the mechanism described in FIG. 3, or simply by the friction of the metal being solidified on the internal mandrel, the mechanism described in FIG. 3 only serving in this case to keep it in the vertical position and centered the rotating mandrel. Due to the continuous rotation of the mold 1 and the mandrel 2, any localized overheating of the mold and the mandrel is avoided, in particular, by radiation at the place where the metal-liquid is introduced by 3 into the mold. As a result, the process has great symmetry, both thermal and geometric.
  • inclusions, dross or any non-metallic particles floating on the surface of the metal tend to move away from the periphery.
  • the result is a particularly neat exterior surface that does not require surface preparation before further processing. This is well known and exposed, inter alia, in the article of the “Revue de Métallurgie-CIT”, already quoted.
  • the vertical component of the mobile magnetic field created by the rotating rotor 18 has the effect of totally modifying the normal solidification conditions in the vicinity of the outer surface of the sleeve 9.
  • the ascending current of liquid metal which occurs along this sleeve, causes all the dross and inclusions that may be present, rapidly to the free surface of the metal, and, moreover, this current, which is then deflected radially towards the periphery, causes the rise of the level of the liquid metal in the vicinity of the mandrel 2, the annular relief 63 thus formed preventing dross floating on the free surface of the metal bath 7 from depositing on the interior surface of the hollow body in the course of solidification.
  • This mechanical barrier effect is added to the effect of entrainment by the surface current which keeps dross away from the mandrel, being on the bath.
  • the liquid metal distribution jet is oriented in such a way that it keeps the updrafts and convection currents, in the vicinity of the mandrel, their maximum efficiency.
  • the jet 3 is preferably oriented so that the movement of the metal poured into the mold has a radial centrifugal component, the tangential component, which tends to rotate the bath, being directed in the direction of rotation of the mold 1.
  • the stirring carried out on the liquid metal being solidified, in the vicinity of the mandrel has the effect to refine the structure of the inner skin of the hollow body obtained.
  • the process of rotary continuous casting of hollow bodies applies particularly well to the case of steel.
  • inductors comprising, for example, windings supplied with three-phase current is known for pumping liquid metals such as sodium and even aluminum.
  • Their structure corresponds substantially to that of a portion of a polyphase alternating current motor stator whose curvature is canceled so as to obtain a sliding magnetic field whose translational movement is linear.
  • an inductor constituted by a cylinder with a vertical axis made of magnetic material may be housed inside the mandrel, in place of a rotor, having notches projecting in its cylindrical outer wall. which are arranged in series of coils supplied with polyphase alternating current.
  • the speed “V of translation of the field is equal to the product of the pitch of the winding“ 1 ”by the frequency“ f of the alternating current.
  • the coils are connected to the three-phase current source so that the vertical sliding of the field occurs from bottom to top.
  • the translation speed is adjusted by acting on the one hand on the winding pitch and on the other hand, possibly, on the frequency of the polyphase current used.
  • the cylinder is fixed so as to vertically entrain the liquid metal in the region adjacent to the mandrel.
  • the mobile magnetic field does not have a horizontal component tending to drive the liquid metal in rotation.
  • the inductor When using a rotary continuous casting process, the inductor preferably accompanies the mandrel in its rotational movement.

Claims (31)

1. Verfahren zum senkrechten Stranggießen von metallischen Hohlkörpern, bei dem man ein flüssiges Metall kontinuierlich in einen Ringraum zwischen einer durch Fluidzirkulation gekühlten äußeren Metallform (1) und einem ebenfalls durch Fluidzirkulation gekühlten inneren Dorn (2) einführt, wobei dieses Metall in Berührung mit den Wänden der Form und des Dorns unter Bildung eines Hohlkörpers (8) erstarrt, der aus der Form herausgezogen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man in der der Außenfläche des Dorns benachbarten ringförmigen Zone das flüssige Metall der unmittelbaren Wirkung eines beweglichen Magnetfelds aussetzt, das innerhalb dieses Metalls in der ringförmigen Zone Kräfte mit nach oben gerichteter senkrechter Komponente erzeugt, die dieses Metall zur freien Oberfläche des Metallbads treiben.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der Oberfläche des flüssigen Metallbads in Nähe des inneren Dorns (2) eine erhabene ringförmige Zone (63) gebildet wird.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die äußere Form (1) dreht.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich der innere Dorn (2) im gleichen Sinn wie die äußere Form (1) mit im wesentlichen gleicher Drehzahl dreht.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Drehzahl der Form und des Dorns 30 bis 120 U/min beträgt.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das bewegliche Magnetfeld seine Quelle innerhalb des Dorns hat.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das bewegliche Magnetfeld durch einen Induktor erzeugt wird, der mit mehrphasigem Wechselstrom gespeiste Wicklungen hat.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das bewegliche Magnetfeld durch einen sich drehenden Induktor erzeugt wird, der mit Gleichstrom gespeiste Wicklungen oder ein magnetisiertes Magnetmaterial aufweist.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß, wenn die äußere Form und der Dorn gedreht werden, ihr gemeinsamer Drehsinn entgegengesetzt zu demjenigen des sich drehenden Induktorsystems ist.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, bei dem das gegossene Metall aus gewöhnlichem oder legiertem Stahl, aus nichtrostendem oder hitzefestem Stahl oder aus einer Legierung auf der Basis von Ni und/oder Co besteht.
11. Vorrichtung zum senkrechten Stranggießen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 bis 10, mit einer äußeren senkrechten Form (1) mit metallischer Innenwand, die durch innere Fluidzirkulation gekühlt wird, mit einem inneren Dorn (2), der ebenfalls durch innere Fluidzirkulation gekühlt wird, mit Mitteln (3) zum Einführen eines flüssigen Metalls am Oberteil des Ringraums zwischen dem Dorn (2) und der Form (1), mit Mitteln zum nach unten erfolgenden Herausziehen des Hohlkörpers (8) im Verlauf des Erstarrens, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zur Erzeugung eines beweglichen Magnetfelds innerhalb des Dorns (2) angeordnet sind.
12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zum Drehen unmittelbar oder mittelbar auf die Form (1) und/oder auf den aus der Form herausgezogenen Hohlkörper (8) und/oder auf den Dorn (2) wirken.
13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der innere Dorn (2) koaxial zur Form (1) angeordnet ist.
14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das bewegliche Magnetfeld durch einen Induktor erzeugt wird, der mit mehrphasigem Wechselstrom gespeiste Wicklungen aufweist.
15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wicklungen in Ausnehmungen angeordnet sind, die an der Außenwand eines innerhalb des Dorns eingesetzten Zylinders ausgebildet sind, wobei diese Wicklungen derart angeordnet und mit der Quelle für mehrphasigen Wechselstrom verbunden sind, daß sie ein gleitendes Magnetfeld erzeugen, das sich von unten nach oben verschiebt.
16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14 oder 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der sich drehende Dorn in seiner Drehung von dem die Induktionswicklungen tragenden Zylinder begleitet wird.
17. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das bewegliche Magnetfeld durch einen Induktor erzeugt wird, der durch Antriebsmittel gedreht wird, wobei dieser Induktor mit Gleichstrom gespeiste Wicklungen oder ein magnetisiertes Magnetmaterial aufweist.
18. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antriebsmittel den Induktor mit einer Drehzahl von etwa 1 000 bis 3 000 Umdrehungen je Minute drehen.
19. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17 oder 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Induktor mit einer Turbine (33) fest verbunden ist, die von dem sie drehend antreibenden Kühlfluid des Dorns (2) durchquert wird.
20. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der sich drehende Induktor aus einem magnetischen Rotor (18) besteht, der sich innerhalb des Dorns (2) dreht und auf dem das magnetisierte Magnetmaterial um die Achse des Rotors längs wenigstens einer Schraubenlinie (52, 53) angeordnet ist.
21. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Drehsinn des sich drehenden Induktors, über seiner Drehachse gesehen, derselbe wie der Sinn der Steigung der Schraubenlinie ist.
22. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 20 oder 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das magnetisierte Magnetmaterial eine radiale Nord-Süd-Achse aufweist und daß die der Achse am nächsten gelegenen Pole bezüglich der Anordnung des magnetisierten Magnetmaterials ein und derselben Schraubenlinie das gleiche Vorzeichen haben.
23. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 20 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das magnetisierte Magnetmaterial längs einer geraden Zahl von koaxialen Schraubenlinien angeordnet ist, die nach Art eines Gewindes mit mehreren Gewindegängen um den Rotor gewickelt sind, wobei die der Achse am nächsten gelegenen Pole beim Übergang von einer Schraubenlinie zur Schraubenlinie mit benachbarten Gewindegängen das Vorzeichen wechseln.
24. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der durch ein Antriebsmittel um seine Achse gedrehte magnetische Rotor ein aus Magnetmaterial hergestelltes Umlaufteil aufweist, um das längs wenigstens einer Schraubenlinie ein magnetisiertes Magnetmaterial angeordnet ist, das mit dem Rotor durch wenigstens einen Ring fest verbunden ist, der aus einem Material auf der Basis von natürlichen oder synthetischen Fasern mit guten mechanischen Eigenschaften gebildet ist, wobei dieser Ring das magnetisierte Magnetmaterial bedeckt und den Rotor umgibt.
25. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Magnetmaterial ein Metall oder eine Metallegierung ist, etwa ein weicher Stahl oder ein Kohlenstoffstahl, wie Baustahl.
26. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 22 bis 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zwischenräume zwischen den aufeinanderfolgenden Windungen der Schraubenlinie oder der Schraubenlinien aus magnetisiertem Magnetmaterial mit einem Füllmaterial gefüllt sind, etwa einem Gemisch aus Fasermaterial und polymerisiertem Kunstharz.
27. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 26, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Füllmaterial ein Bindemittel mit einem glasfaserverstärkten polymerisierten Kunstharz ist.
28. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 24 bis 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Ring und dem magnetisierten Magnetmaterial ein Filz aus ungewebtem Fasermaterial angeordnet ist.
29. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 24 bis 28, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das den Ring bildende Fasermaterial Fasern mit guten mechanischen Eigenschaften enthält, etwa Glasfasern oder Polyamidfasern.
30. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 28 oder 29, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindung zwischen dem Ring, dem Filz und dem Substrat durch ein polymerisiertes Kunstharz erfolgt.
31. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 30, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das magnetisierte Magnetmaterial ein magnetischer Gummi oder eine Legierung auf der Basis von Cobalt mit wenigstens einem Metall der Seltenen Erden, wie Samarium, ist.
EP82420179A 1982-01-13 1982-12-16 Verfahren und Anlage zum Stranggiessen von Hohlkörpern unter Anwendung von Magnetfeldern Expired EP0083898B1 (de)

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FR8200763 1982-01-13
FR8200763A FR2519567A1 (fr) 1982-01-13 1982-01-13 Procede de fabrication de corps creux par coulee continue a l'aide d'un champ magnetique et dispositif de mise en oeuvre du procede

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RU2516414C1 (ru) * 2013-01-30 2014-05-20 Открытое акционерное общество Акционерная холдинговая компания "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и проектно-конструкторский институт металлургического машиностроения имени академика Целикова" (ОАО АХК "ВНИИМЕТМАШ") Дорн с изменяющейся конусностью рабочей поверхности для кристаллизатора машины непрерывного литья полых заготовок

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ZA83230B (en) 1983-10-26
CA1195823A (fr) 1985-10-29
IN158299B (de) 1986-10-11
SU1591801A3 (ru) 1990-09-07
EP0083898A2 (de) 1983-07-20
US4729422A (en) 1988-03-08
US4974660A (en) 1990-12-04
DE3271958D1 (en) 1986-08-14
JPS6352981B2 (de) 1988-10-20
AR229379A1 (es) 1983-07-29
EP0083898A3 (en) 1983-10-05
BR8300118A (pt) 1983-10-04
FR2519567B1 (de) 1984-10-19
MX159339A (es) 1989-05-17
ES518919A0 (es) 1983-11-16
ES8400904A1 (es) 1983-11-16
JPS58122161A (ja) 1983-07-20
ATE20645T1 (de) 1986-07-15
FR2519567A1 (fr) 1983-07-18

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