EP0083598A1 - Modular stato-wind turbine with low noise level - Google Patents

Abstract

In this Modular Wind Turbine of flat conformation of a foolproof tenacity, advantageously replacing the propeller / pylon system, the gusts of wind, generally destructive, spread out schematically in a double venturi in defined series, at the leading edge, by a deflecto-convergent space followed, upstream from one or more turbines, by a spiro-divergent space. Then a second deflecto-convergent space, materialized by the turbine blades, is also followed by a last spiro-divergent leak space. Thus, the wind flow, coming from any direction, is under the dependence of a peripteral construction in which vertical wings (5), curved on the horizontal plane, channel it from the frontal zone, in dynamic overpressure , towards a spreading chamber (7) from which it accesses a set of concentric baffles (12, 13 and 14), materialized by an intermediate bowl (6) which brings it through the turbine blades towards the peripheral zone in dynamic depression. Furthermore, said bowl is sandwiched between two horizontal, so-called leakage (9) and base (8) flanges which delimit, from above, the turbine duct (10) and, from below, the driving nozzles . Finally, depending on the installed power, the shaft of one or more turbines drives either an electric generator or any mechanical receiver.

Description

Modular Stato-Wind with low noise level. The various winds sweeping the earth's surface constitute an essentially fluctuating atmospheric phenomenon. They can be of inconsistent direction, intensity and shape and can be exerted in squalls, gusts, tornadoes, cyclones or by more or less irregular breaths. Finally, their peak energy is often destructive as irrefutably demonstrate all the failures attributable to the propeller / pylon system during a period spanning 1/2 century. Furthermore, the power collected cannot exceed 0.38 V ³ (W / m ² ) and, in the best of cases: that is to say when the speed V (m / s) in the wake of the propeller falls to 1/3 of the wind speed.

Consequently, experience has clearly shown that the aero propeller motor hinging on a pylon is unfit for the exploitation of high energy winds, and this, despite the feathering of its blades, considerably reducing their effectiveness.

However, efficiency can only be obtained by using the whole range of winds up to storms.

To support this assertion, we only have to consider the flow of an air "tube" of Im ² of section whose speed V varies from 18 km / h to 144 km / h, or 5m at 40m / s. Knowing that a m ³ of air weighs approximately I, 290 kg, the formula of its kinetic energy in Watts / second can be written:

E (watts) = (I.290.V.). V ^2/2 - I, 290 V ^3/2. Thus, for wind speeds of 5,10,20 and 40m / s, the kinetic energy of these four speed steps is:

5a / s- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - W = 80 IOm / s- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - W = 600

Im ² Watts

20m / s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - W = 5000 40m / s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - W = 40000

Consequently, from 5 to 40a / s, it appears that a wind speed (40/5) = 8 times greater actually has kinetic energy (40000/80) = 500 higher liver. These values constitute the peak energy that can be spread over time, but at a lower value. However, the kinetic energy of winds can be intercepted with a yield very close to unity. For this, it is sufficient that the ejection speed of the wind flow is relatively zero at the outlet of the turbine blades. It is therefore necessary to resort to a construction which fulfills this condition. This condition is fulfilled by means of dynamic flows under fairing. However, such flows allow, not only, changes in pressure and speed, but also, kinetic variations. Thus, when a flow takes place in a convergent-divergent type conduit, there occurs at the throttling not only, an expansion effect, but also, a cooling with kinetic gain such that Mv ² = mV ² , knowing that v <V and M> m. By this means, the reaction turbine blades convert endothermically, by reversible adiabatic expansion, the 9/10 of the kinetic energy of weak, medium, strong, very strong, even impetuous winds, the exploitation of which requires a form approach consistent with the efficiency, tenacity and reliability of the installation. But in the context of economic efficiency, it is advisable to avoid gigantism, because the cost price of the Watt-installed increases according to the cube of the proportions. It is also advisable not to seek autonomy because this form energy must necessarily be used on site and work in addition to the usual energy resources. Furthermore, it is irrational to promote the production of several MW of energy at a fixed point, to redistribute them in other places where the wind is also present.

This being said, the conversion of all wind energy into usable energy, meeting the above conditions, is effected by means of this modular low-noise, stato-wind turbine;

This stato-wind is based on the association of concomitant effects that the wind exerts on any static obstacle of cylindrical conformation with vertical axis (horizontal section Fig.I). However, these effects also appear when the obstacle is a static peripteral structure, according to the horizontal section (Fig.2).

In the latter case, these effects are: a frontal dynamic overpressure (SP), a high intensity lateral depression (DL), a less intense lateral depression (D1), diametrically opposite to the first and finally a wake depression ( Ds), of medium intensity. the applied technology consists in taking advantage, not only, of the frontal dynamic overpressure (SP) which is exerted upstream of the turbine blades, know again, of the sum of the depressions (DL + Dl + Ds), lower than the pressure static atmospheric. Thus, by flowing from the overpressure zone towards the zones with dynamic depression, the wind flow crosses the turbine blades, while relaxing before being ejected. The reversible adiabatic expansion of the air thus channeled results in a net cooling proportional to the SP / DP ratio. The heat thus converted is found in the form of kinetic energy in the turbine shaft. Now, this kinetic energy being able to convert into motive force, into electricity and electricity into heat, it is obvious that the present stato-wind constitutes either a mechanical generator, either an electric generator, or a stato-wind heat pump which draws heat from the atmosphere through the kinetic energy of the winds.

This stato-wind is developed so that the impetuosity of the gusts undergoes spreading with modification of speed and pressure in order to make them indestructive.

To this end, the internal path traversed by the wind takes on the schematic formation (Fig. 3) of two venturis in series which are successively dependent on two deflecto-convergent (I and 2) and spiro-divergent (3 and 4). The first venturi, taking effect on the upstream front in dynamic overpressure, ends in a spreading chamber where the passage section at the neck is several times less than the upstream entry section. Beyond this threshold, the flow flows spirally between two concentric steps and ends at the right of the turbine blades where the inlet section is several times larger than at the spreading neck. At this level, the initial shape and speed of the flow are spread and the pressure has increased. This is how the wind flow approaches in excellent conditions the second venturi formed by the turbine blades and a peripheral step. . Consequently, the profile located between two successive blades, of deflecting convergent conformation, allows an adiabatic expansion with final speed of flight slightly higher than the opposite tangential speed of the reaction blades. Then, the flow spirally flows on the internal inclined plane of the peripheral step which leads to the downstream areas in dynamic depression.

This stato-wind turbine, constituting a compact and well balanced low noise level construction, is obtained by molding of expanded materials. On the other hand, an ancient agreement ensures this building a tenacity resistant to the strongest storms.

The relatively flat conformation of this stato-wind where H = D / 5, represents a peripteral building whose vertical wings (5), arranged around the entire periphery, are slightly curved on their respective radial plane. (Figs 4,5 and 6).

Such a conformation allows interception of winds from any direction without the use of any orientation.

In addition, the curved obliqueness of the wings determines the distribution of two complementary functions. Thus, 1/3 of the peripheral surface provided by the upstream dynamic overpressure, while the other 2/3 maintain the downstream depression. Each of these two functions is exercised respectively on one of the two faces of a circular bowl (6) arranged horizontally. Furthermore, this bowl, hollowed out in its center by the spreading chamber (7), is taken in sandnich between two circular flanges, one underlying (δ) constituting the base of the converging injection nozzles, the another (9) covering the turbine duct (10) from above. The two circular flanges, the vertical wings, provided in common with a peripheral step (II) of triangular section, the horizontal bowl provided with a set of internal steps (12 and 13), a third intermediate step (14), also circular, as well as a crown of leaves (15) constitute a set of baffles for sound absorption.

The horizontal bowl constitutes in its hollowed-out center an energy transfer chamber (16) of different configuration according to three versions. According to the first and second version, one or two coaxial turbines open the way to three variants: one simplified with low power, the other two more elaborate with medium and high power.

According to the simplified variant with a single turbine, the regulation of the peaks of gusts is effected by means of the three circular steps arranged concentrically, between which, the gusts spread out in a flow uniformly distributed over all the turbine blades . According to the more elaborate variant, a central turbine (17) of medium or high power (FIG. 7), constituting a flywheel, accumulates the kinetic energy of the gusts and restores it in the form of a regularized wind flow which then leads either to a medium power co-axial turbine, i.e. several high power turbines (18) arranged in the bowl all around the chamber spreading (Fig. 8 and 9). In these last two cases, the regulating turbine is also stalled on the shaft of an electric generator, not ex cited in winds less than 25m / s, but which is excited beyond this threshold. This excitation proportional to the kinetic energy of the wind, thus authorizes the production of alternating or direct currents depending on the desired application (heating, recharging of batteries or dissociation of water into hydrogen, or even the creation of small complexes for the production of 'a synthetic fuel, such as methanol obtained by water, wind and C0 ₂ always present in the air. Consequently, the steps in the first variant and the regulating turbine in the other two, constitute in the three cases the essential elements of large production in stormy winds or very high flow.

As previously indicated, the three variants are provided with a crown of leaves which are articulated on the extradorsal environment of each wing. These leaves are more or less repelled by the wind. On the other hand, the leaves, not subject to direct wind, are kept closed by the double effect of a return spring and the dynamic downstream depression. The leaves opposing the downstream sound diffusion, then in zero wind provide protection against any animal or human intrusion. These leaves also maintain a flow inversely proportional to the wind speed by opening more or less the motor injection section. Therefore, the multiplying factor is high for low speed winds to be only 4, for high speed winds. In an elaborate version of high power, these leaves are controlled by oleo-pneumatic cylinders in order to optimally regulate the high power flow. In this case, the opening of the leaves is subject to wind pressure and remains locked in zero wind.

Regarding the excitation of the electric generator (s) (diagram, Fig.10), the pilot element is the angular speed of each corresponding turbine. To this end, a generator (19), wedged on the shaft (20) of the turbine, produces excitation currents by scanning two polar masses of a permanent magnet of circular conformation (21). In this case, a double armature is fitted with hypermagnetic screens (22) equidistant behind each of which, the conductors which are housed therein are perfectly protected from the uniform magnetic flux.

Each of these screens takes the place of one notch tooth removed out of four. Thus, when this double armature is wound, the portion of conductor loops housed between two consecutive teeth is subjected to the uniform flux, while the bundle of conductor loops hidden by the screen is magnetically isolated.

The winding of this double armature (diagram, Fig. II); takes place so that the conductors subjected to the magnetic flux are all oriented in one direction opposite the circular "Edge" pole and in the opposite direction, opposite the "South" pole, which in both cases necessarily implies a direction reverse for conductors under hypermagnetic screens.

In addition to this permanent magnet, the rotary excitation armature is also dependent on a winding (23) which superimposes its field on that of the magnet whose increasing excitation is under the control of the voltage of the main armature (24) which increases with the force of the wind.

Consequently, at each start-up, the resistive torque is reduced to the exciting action of a single magnet acting on a mobile excitation winding, connected in series with the winding of the main inductor (25). Then, for a minimum wind of 5 to 8m / s, the main inductor then excited, generates in its turn on the main armature, a current proportional to the energy of the wind in alternative or continuous form. According to the third version, which is suitable for multiple sites with medium winds, the new configuration is refined (Fig.I2), the internal flow is greatly improved and the turbine blades are larger in order to compensate for less engine flow. energetic. In addition, a transfer chamber constitutes the seat of an aerovortex which, once started, maintains a strong central depression towards which the wind flows from the driving nozzles are accelerated.

In this chamber, composed of two semi-frustoconical elements (26) articulating coaxially (27), the tangentially accelerated flow is distributed, without plate, steps and leaves, over all of the turbine blades.

The two frustoconical elements in fact constitute an intake variator increasing or limiting the flow rate by a modification of wind intake angle.

This variation is obtained by means of an omnifunctional aerostabilizing device (28) subject to said hemi-frusto-conical elements. This aerostabilizing device, (diagram, Fig.13), comprises a fin with two asymmetrical leaves (29 and 30), coaxial articulated and juxtaposed, one against the other by zero wind. The asymmetry of the two leaves drift stabilizes in the wind over the bed aérovor tex, because they are unevenly exposed to the dynamic pressure SV ^2/2, thereby generating an anti-torque opposing the torque that s' exercise this in the said room.

In addition, these two drift wings deploy on an arc of 120 ° when the wind is exerted according to the schematic views, (Fig.14 and Fig.15). This action is carried out by means of a front shield (31) integral with the two wing wings. This shield is constituted by two arms (32) which extend each wing wing beyond the joint (27). These two arms are respectively extended by an articulated flap (33). linked as soon as the wind exerts a frontal thrust, these two flaps, accompanying the two arms of the shield, are deployed by partially masking the drift located behind the axis of articulation, simultaneously causing the movement of the leaves on an arc of 120º. This deployment thus modifies the angle of admission of the wind into the aerovortex chamber.

Therefore, when the wind exceeds a predetermined threshold depending on a site, the shield, being abutted by the own deployment of the two leaves, folds in turn, thus unmasking a larger area of the said leaves.

The length "L" of the lever arm, linked to the pressure "P" exerted on the surface of the two leaves, exceeding the length "l" of the lever arm of the shield flaps, it follows, the pressure "P" being uniformly distributed, a preponderant force which pushes the ends of the two leaves by closing the angle of admission of the wind from 120 ° to 60 °.

On the other hand, when the wind weakens the resilience of the springs exceeds the pressure exerted by the wind on the shield flaps, the latter deploy by covering and masking an additional part of the surface of the two leaves which immediately resume their opening by 120 °. Consequently, the opening angle can be reduced from 0 ° to 120 ° or vice versa by the simple set of fins, a shield and return springs.

This is how very strong gusts of wind, generally tructresses, are domesticated and transformed into usable energy. By analogy, this stato-wind plays in a way the role of a hydraulic dam which domesticates an impetuous torrent to then redistribute the water of a height suitable for the blades of the hydraulic turbines. However, the analogy is limited to the field of regulation, since the field of application of this stato-wind turbine extends over many niches of human activity.

Thus, in a simplified small-scale version, in addition to self-recharging batteries, it can supply isolated shelters, motorhomes, cruisers, sailboats, lighthouses, aerial and maritime beacons, all kinds and participate in distress telecommunications and obtain survival at sea by fresh water in the event of sinking.

In an elaborate version of any size, it can grind any material, purify and dissociate sea or river water, pump water for all needs, including heat pumps, raise water in reservoirs, or water towers , build an energy roof for factory housing, workshops or large commercial areas and participate in the development of synthetic fuel. Several superimposed modules can supply groups of isolated individual or collective houses.

Finally, this stato-wind turbine replaces a multitude of universal easements where energy saving requires it.

Claims

- REVΕNDICATION S -

I. Modular wind turbine with vertical axis of peripheral conformation, fixed, flat, indestructible, efficient and low noise level, characterized by soundproofing due to the use of expanded materials as well as the appropriate arrangement of composite elements, such as that a series of vertical wings arranged peripherally and sandwiched between two circular flanges, at equal distance from which, a median bowl delimits an internal energy transfer chamber in two superposed levels, one of which materializes an omnidirectional collector by which wind spirally passes through said chamber, to the other level which constitutes a turbine and exhaust distributor. In addition, a triangular section peripheral step bordering one of the two flanges, an intermediate plate and a series of leaves, also composite, complete the soundproofing which can also be obtained by an energy transfer chamber comprising two hesi-frustoconical elements coaxially subject andtis to an external air stabilizer device. The energy collected on the shaft of one or more internal turbines can be used in any proportion in electromechanical form in multiple niches of activity contributing to energy saving.

2. Wind turbine according to claim I, characterized in that it comprises a peripheral step whose profile of its section has a concave curvature on its external face and a convex curvature on its internal face.

3. Moderately developed wind turbine according to claim I, characterized in that it uses two concentric and eoaxial internal turbines, one of which constitutes an auxiliary flywheel.

4. A highly developed wind turbine according to claim I, characterized in that it implements several internal turbines of great power located in the median bowl.

5. A wind turbine of refined conformation, according to claim I, characterized by two hex-frustoconical elements, coaxially articulated, jointly forming an energy transfer chamber which unites tangentially forms the wind flow on the blades of one or more internal turbines.

6. External air stabilizer device, according to claims I and 5, characterized in that it comprises two asymmetrical leaves coaxially subject to the semi-frustoconical elements whose inlet angle can vary, from 0º to 120 ° and vice versa.

7. A stabilizing device according to claims 1, 5 and 6, characterized in that it comprises two arms extending divergently the two leaves which are articulated in the manner of a chisel, so that the tightening of the angle of said arms results in an identical tightening of the angle of the two leaves and vice versa.

8. A stabilizing device according to claims 1, 5, 6 and 7, characterized in that it comprises two small flaps which, being articulated on the arms, fold down in very strong wind by unmasking the leaves which they covered by medium wind and whose excess thrust they receive causes the angle of admission of the semi-frustoconical elements to tighten, with regression when the wind becomes medium again.

9. Wind turbine, according to claims 1,2,4 and 5, characterized in that it comprises one or more turbines comprising blades with action and reaction which allow an energy efficiency much higher than conventional wind turbines, with horizontal or vertical axis.

10. Wind turbine, according to claims 1,3 and 4, characterized in that the flywheel-fan is equipped with a generator not excited by wind less than 25m / s and current generator beyond this threshold.

11. Wind turbine, according to claims 1, 3, 4 and 5, characterized in that it comprises one or more main generator sets having a fixed armature and an independent inductor device wedged on each turbine shaft.

12. Wind turbine, according to claims 1, 3, 4 and 5, characterized in that it comprises one or more excitation generators having a mobile armature connected in series with the main inductor or inductors.

13. Fixed or mobile armature, according to claims 1,10, 11 and 12, characterized by the insertion of hypermagnetic screens in equi distant notches, thus constituting neutral zones which allow a continuous winding inducing no reverse current .

14. Neutral armature zones, fixed or mobile, according to claims 1, 10, 11, 12 and I3, characterized in that one out of four notch teeth is removed on the laminated armatures in place of which s' inserts a hypermagnetic screen after putting the winding in place.

15. Fixed or mobile inductor of a direct current generator, according to claims 1, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, characterized by a permanent magnet or a circular electromagnet, provided with equally circular polar masses.