EP0081028B1 - Stove - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0081028B1
EP0081028B1 EP81890195A EP81890195A EP0081028B1 EP 0081028 B1 EP0081028 B1 EP 0081028B1 EP 81890195 A EP81890195 A EP 81890195A EP 81890195 A EP81890195 A EP 81890195A EP 0081028 B1 EP0081028 B1 EP 0081028B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaped
insert
firing chamber
flue
shaped bricks
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EP81890195A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0081028A1 (en
Inventor
Theo Dipl.-Innenarch. Haas
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE8181890195T priority Critical patent/DE3173925D1/en
Priority to EP81890195A priority patent/EP0081028B1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02Closed stoves
    • F24B1/04Closed stoves built-up from glazed tiles 
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a furnace with a ceramic furnace jacket, which encloses a furnace and a helical flue gas flue and is built from the height one above the other, the respective cross-sectional shape of the furnace has shaped stones, which have opposite centering shoulders on their facing end faces, the The lowest shaped block consists of a floor pan that can be supported on a pedestal and the uppermost shaped block consists of a cover provided with a flue pipe connection, while the intermediate shaped blocks are essentially of identical shape, at least in groups, and a fire-proof insert is inserted in a form-fitting manner in the area of the combustion chamber.
  • Tiled stoves offer significant advantages over other heating stoves in terms of firing, heat storage capacity and heat dissipation, which, however, have the disadvantage that the tiled stoves must be built on appropriate foundations.
  • the setting of tiled stoves consequently requires not only a considerable amount of work, which requires special expertise, but also a corresponding use of costs.
  • the firing chamber itself is formed by the shaped stones itself, which are only supplemented with a positively inserted rear wall, which entails the risk of mechanical damage to the shaped stones, for example due to inserted fuel.
  • the angularly offset arrangement of the inlet and outlet openings of the flue gas chambers formed by the shaped blocks enables a helical flue gas flue to be obtained with a length that is greater than that of a straight flue gas flue, but this length gain is hardly useful for better heat utilization, because of the Displacement of the inlet and outlet openings by a maximum of 90 ° for a full turn, at least four stacked stones are necessary.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to avoid these deficiencies and to improve a furnace of the type described in such a way that a continuous flue gas flow which is advantageous for heat transfer can be ensured while maintaining simple setting work despite a flue gas flue comprising several turns, whereby on the one hand due to this flue gas flow the soot deposition is largely prevented and on the other hand the flue gas duct can be easily cleaned due to the furnace construction.
  • the invention solves this problem in that the shaped stones in their mutually facing end faces have an annular groove covered by the respective subsequent shaped stone for receiving a refractory sealing cord, that the refractory insert encloses the combustion chamber and that the shaped stones above the refractory insert each have at least one Form the core surrounding the turn of a helical channel for the flue gas duct.
  • the insert according to the invention fulfills a protective task for the molded blocks against mechanical damage, because the insert surrounding the combustion chamber forms a kind of lining for the molded blocks.
  • a sufficiently large heat exchange surface between the flue gas and the shaped blocks is required.
  • these requirements can be met very advantageously, the flue gas flue being able to be extended by one further turn each time new flint blocks are placed, so that good adaptation to the flue gas temperatures is possible .
  • the helically wound, core-enclosing channel for the flue gas flue also has the advantage that there are no dead spaces supporting soot deposition within the flue gas flue, which on the one hand considerably extends the operating times between two necessary cleaning operations and on the other hand significantly simplifies the cleaning work.
  • the uniform and rapid heating of the shaped blocks of the flue gas flue can additionally be increased in that the shaped blocks forming a turn of the helical channel have an axial through opening that can be closed with a lid in the core enclosed by the turns of the channel.
  • a central channel is obtained which can be closed at the top by a cover, so that the heat accumulating in this channel can be absorbed by the core of the shaped stones.
  • the heat exchanger of a low-temperature heating for example an underfloor heating system, can be used in order to make further use of the sensible waste heat of the flue gases.
  • the shaped stones in the area of the insert surrounding the combustion chamber have an axial groove that is open towards the insert and connects to an air supply duct in the area of the floor pan, then the fuel that is possibly discharged from the combustion chamber with the flue gases can be properly re-burned be taken care of because fresh air can be directed into a post-combustion chamber via the axial groove. Since all shaped stones in the area of the combustion chamber have this axial groove, the fresh air duct formed by the axial grooves is automatically extended with each additional shaped stone.
  • the insert surrounding the combustion chamber can consist of mutually supporting wall plates lying against the shaped blocks, which are kept at a distance from one another by means of a base plate and a ceiling plate separating a post-combustion chamber from the combustion chamber and leaving open fire openings.
  • the panels of the insert which only have to be inserted or inserted into the already staggered stones of the furnace, not only result in a smooth-walled lining of the furnace, but also serve to stiffen the stones, which enforces the necessary safety for the furnace.
  • the face sides of the shaped stones can be glazed, the design of these face sides. is completely free. It is therefore possible to achieve special architectural effects by laying the same shaped stones on top of each other, but with different sides.
  • the furnace shown has a furnace jacket made of prefabricated shaped blocks which have the respective cross-sectional shape of the furnace and are placed one above the other.
  • the lowest shaped stone 1a forms an ist on a base 2 supported floor pan on which the firing chamber 3 enclosing stones 1b are placed.
  • the shaped blocks 1c forming a channel 4 for the flue gas flue, which in turn have the same shape as one another, rest on these shaped blocks 1b, which are identical in shape to one another.
  • a lid is placed as the uppermost shaped stone 1d, which is provided with a smoke pipe connection 5. In this smoke tube connection 5, a smoke tube 6 is inserted in the usual way.
  • the shaped blocks each have mutually opposite centering shoulders 7 on their mutually facing end faces, which interlock when the individual shaped blocks are placed one on top of the other.
  • an annular groove 8 is arranged in the mutually facing end faces of the shaped stones, into which a refractory sealing cord 9 can be inserted, which is also received by the annular groove 8 of the immediately adjacent shaped stone.
  • a refractory insert 10 is inserted in a form-fitting manner in the shaped blocks 1b.
  • This insert consists of four wall panels 11 a and 11 b, of which the opposing wall panels 1 ia are pressed by the wall panels 11 b against the shaped blocks 1.
  • a floor plate 12 inserted into the floor pan 1a and a ceiling plate 13, which projects with a shoulder between the wall plates 11, provide appropriate support for the wall plates 11b, so that a self-stiffening system is achieved without the need for special connecting means.
  • the ceiling plate 13 of the insert 10 divides the combustion chamber 3 from a post-combustion chamber 14, which is connected to the combustion chamber 3 by fire openings 15.
  • axial grooves 16 are formed in the shaped blocks 1b, which form a fresh air channel, which has a groove provided in the floor pan 1a 17 is connected to a supply air duct 18 in the region of the furnace door 19.
  • the lowest shaped block 1a has a corresponding recess, which continues into the overlying shaped block 1b, so that the furnace door 19 is first inserted into the recess of the lowest shaped block 1a and then on the floor pan molded block 1b can be placed over the furnace door 19.
  • the shaped blocks 1c each have a turn of the helically extending channel 4.
  • the flue gas openings are flattened in the region of the undercuts which would otherwise result, as is indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the shaped blocks 1c also have an axial through opening 20 within the core enclosed by the turns of the channel 4, so that a central channel results within the stacked shaped blocks 1c, which can be closed with the aid of a cover 21 in the uppermost shaped block 1c. Hot gas can rise from the afterburning chamber 14 in this central channel, as a result of which the core of the shaped blocks 1c can be heated more rapidly and uniformly.
  • the turns of the channel 4 for the flue gas flue need not be circular in cross section.
  • the flue gas flue could also be formed by a spiral surface starting from a ker, which extends over 360 ° for each shaped block 1c.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Öfen mit einem keramischen Ofenmantel, der einen Feuerungsraum und einen schraubenlinienförmigen Rauchgaszug umschließt und aus der Höhe nach übereinander gesetzten, die jeweilige Querschnittsform des Ofens aufweisenden Formsteinen aufgebaut ist, die an ihren einander zugekehrten Stirnseiten gegengleiche Zentrierabsätze aufweisen, wobei der unterste Formstein aus einer auf einem Fußgestell abstützbaren Bodenwanne und der oberste Formstein aus einem mit einem Rauchrohranschluß versehenen Deckel bestehen, während die dazwischenliegenden Formsteine zumindest gruppenweise im wesentlichen formgleich ausgebildet sind, und wobei im Bereich des Feuerungsraumes ein feuerfester Einsatz formschlüssig eingesetzt ist.The invention relates to a furnace with a ceramic furnace jacket, which encloses a furnace and a helical flue gas flue and is built from the height one above the other, the respective cross-sectional shape of the furnace has shaped stones, which have opposite centering shoulders on their facing end faces, the The lowest shaped block consists of a floor pan that can be supported on a pedestal and the uppermost shaped block consists of a cover provided with a flue pipe connection, while the intermediate shaped blocks are essentially of identical shape, at least in groups, and a fire-proof insert is inserted in a form-fitting manner in the area of the combustion chamber.

Kachelöfen bieten gegenüber anderen Heinzungsöfen hinsichtlich der Feuerung, der Wärmespeicherfähigkeit und der Wärmeabgabe erhebliche Vorteile, denen jedoch der Nachteil gegenübersteht, daß die Kachelöfen auf entsprechenden Fundamenten aufgemauert werden müssen. Das Setzen von Kachelöfen bedingt folglich nicht nur einen erheblichen, besondere Sachkenntnis erfordernden Arbeitsaufwand, sondern auch einen entsprechenden Kosteneinsatz.Tiled stoves offer significant advantages over other heating stoves in terms of firing, heat storage capacity and heat dissipation, which, however, have the disadvantage that the tiled stoves must be built on appropriate foundations. The setting of tiled stoves consequently requires not only a considerable amount of work, which requires special expertise, but also a corresponding use of costs.

Um einen . einfach aufbaubaren Ofen zu schaffen, wurde bereits vorgeschalgen (AT-106 081), den Ofenmantel aus einzelnen, den vollen Querschnitt des Ofens bldenden, keramischen Formsteinen schichtenweise aufzubauen, wobei durch kegelförmige Zentrieransätze das Aufeinandersetzen der einzelnen Formsteine erleichtert werden soll, weil eine Selbstzentrierung über die kegeligen Zentrieransätze auftritt. Allerdings bildet der dadurch bedingte, radial nach außen gerichtete Druck die Gefahr eines Ausbrechens der mit den Zentrieransätzen versehenen Ringkanten, so daß im Bereich der Zentrieransätze Bewehrungsringe notwendig werden (DE-361 797).To one. It has already been suggested (AT-106 081) to build up the furnace jacket in layers from individual ceramic blocks that cover the full cross-section of the furnace, whereby conical centering should facilitate the stacking of the individual blocks because self-centering is easier the tapered centering lugs occurs. However, the resulting radially outward pressure creates the danger of the ring edges provided with the centering lugs breaking out, so that reinforcement rings are necessary in the area of the centering lugs (DE-361 797).

Da wegen des einfachen Aufeinandersetzens der Formsteine keine ausreichende Dichtung zwischen den Formsteinen gewährleistet werden kann, ist bei diesen bekannten keramischen Öfen eine zusätzliche Vermörtelung der Formsteine nicht zu umgehen, so daß die hinsichtlich einer Vereinfachung der Setzarbeiten angestrebten Vorteile weitgehend verlorengehen. Dazu kommt, daß der Feuerungsraum durch die lediglich mit einer formschlüssig eingesetzten Rückwand ergänzten Formsteine selbst gebildet wird, was die Gefahr einer mechanischen Beschädigung der Formsteine, beispielsweise durch eingeschobenes Brennmaterial, mit sich bringt. Außerdem ist nur eine vergleichsweise geringe Wärmeübergansfläche zwischen dem Rauchgas und den Formsteinen vorhanden, weil die Formsteine ausschließlich Rauchgaskammern mit gegeneinander versetzt angeordneten Zu- und Austrittsöffnungen bilden, wobei sich bezüglich des Rauchgaszuges zwangsläufig Toträume mit der Möglichkeit erheblicher Rußablagerungen ergeben, die eine Reinigung des Rauchgaszuges nach vergleichsweise geringen Betriebszeiten notwendig machen. Wegen des konstruktionsbedingt verwinkelten Rauchgaszuges ist eine solche Reinigung jedoch kaum möglich. Schließlich ist festzustellen, daß durch die winkelversetzte Anordnung derr Zu- und Austrittsöffnungen der von den Formsteinen gebildeten Rauchgaskammern zwar ein schraubenlinienförmiger Rauchgaszug mit einer gegenüber einem geraden Rauchgaszug größeren Länge erreicht werden kann, doch ist dieser Längengewinn kaum für eine bessere Wärmeausnützung nützbar, weil wegen der Versetzung der Zu- und Austrittsöffnungen um höchstens 90° für eine volle Windung zumindest vier übereinander geschichtete Formsteine notwendig werden.Since, due to the simple stacking of the shaped stones, an adequate seal between the shaped stones cannot be guaranteed, an additional mortaring of the shaped stones cannot be avoided in these known ceramic ovens, so that the advantages aimed at simplifying the setting work are largely lost. In addition, the firing chamber itself is formed by the shaped stones itself, which are only supplemented with a positively inserted rear wall, which entails the risk of mechanical damage to the shaped stones, for example due to inserted fuel. In addition, there is only a comparatively small heat transfer surface between the flue gas and the shaped stones, because the shaped stones exclusively form flue gas chambers with staggered inlet and outlet openings, with the flue gas duct inevitably resulting in dead spaces with the possibility of considerable soot deposits, which clean the flue gas duct after make comparatively short operating times necessary. Such a cleaning is hardly possible due to the constructionally angled flue gas duct. Finally, it should be noted that the angularly offset arrangement of the inlet and outlet openings of the flue gas chambers formed by the shaped blocks enables a helical flue gas flue to be obtained with a length that is greater than that of a straight flue gas flue, but this length gain is hardly useful for better heat utilization, because of the Displacement of the inlet and outlet openings by a maximum of 90 ° for a full turn, at least four stacked stones are necessary.

Zur besseren Wärmeausnützung ist es schließlich bekannt (DE-C-202 024), die Formsteine über dem Feurungsraum so zu gestalten, daß sie jeweils einen hohlen Ringraum bilden, der an einer Stelle durch einen radiale Zwischenwand verschlossen ist. Da dieser Ringraum vor und hinter der Zwischenwand Durchtrittsöffnungen einerseits zum Ringraum des nach oben anschließenden Formsteines und anderseits zum Ringraum des unteren Formsteines aufweist, entstehen übereinanderliegende, miteinander verbundene Ringkanäle, die nacheinander von den Rauchgasen durchströmt werden. Wegen des durch die Ringkanäle vergrößerten Strömungsweges erhält man .eine größere Wärmeübergangsfläche, die eine bessere Ausnützung der fühlbaren Abwärme der Rauchgase erlaubt. Ein wesentlicher Nachteil, der den praktischen Einsatz dieses bekannten Ofenks in Frage stellt, ist allerdings, daß die Ringräume bei zusammengesetztem Ofen nicht mit einem Besen od. dgl. gereinigt werden können, weil der Besen nicht den vielen, durch die Durchtrittsöffnungen zwischen den Ringkanälen bedingten Richtungsänderungen folgen kann. Diese Durchtrittsöffnungen zwischen den Ringkanälen ergeben außerdem verkleinerte Strömungsquerschnitte für die Rauchgase, so daß es zu Staueffekten und zusätzlichen Wirbelbildungen kommt, die nicht nur die Wärmeabgabe der Rauchgase an die Formsteine beeinträchtigen, sondern auch zu einer vermehrten Rußablagerung Anlaß geben. Diese Rußablagerungen beeinträchtigen wiederum den Wärmeübergang, was in der Praxis dazu führt, daß die Vorteile aufgrund der Verlängerung des Rauchgaszuges durch die axiale Aneinanderreihung mehrerer Ringkanäle durch die Nachteile eines solchen Rauchgaszuges aufgehoben werden.Finally, for better heat utilization, it is known (DE-C-202 024) to design the shaped blocks above the firing chamber so that they each form a hollow annular space which is closed at one point by a radial intermediate wall. Since this annular space in front of and behind the intermediate wall has through openings on the one hand to the annular space of the upwardly adjoining shaped block and on the other hand to the annular space of the lower shaped block, interconnected annular channels are formed, through which the flue gases flow in succession. Because of the enlarged flow path through the ring channels, a larger heat transfer surface is obtained, which allows a better utilization of the sensible waste heat of the flue gases. A major disadvantage that questions the practical use of this known oven is, however, that the annular spaces cannot be cleaned with a broom or the like when the oven is assembled, because the broom does not have many due to the passage openings between the ring channels Changes in direction can follow. These through openings between the ring channels also result in reduced flow cross sections for the flue gases, so that there are congestion effects and additional vortex formation, which not only impair the heat emission of the flue gases to the shaped blocks, but also give rise to increased soot deposition. This soot deposits in turn impair the heat transfer, which in practice leads to the fact that the advantages due to the extension of the flue gas duct by the axial stringing of several ring channels are canceled out by the disadvantages of such a flue gas duct.

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese Mängel zu vermeiden und einen Ofen der eingangs geschilderten Art so zu verbessern, daß unter Beibehaltung einfacher Setzarbeiten trotz eines mehrere Windungen umfassenden Rauchgaszuges eine für den Wärmeübergang vorteilhalfte, kontinuierliche Rauchgasströmung sichergestellt werden kann, wobei einerseits zufolge dieser Rauchgasströmung die Rußablagerung weitgehend unterbunden und anderseits wegen der Ofenkonstruktion die Reinigung des Rauchgaskanales einfach durchgeführt werden kann.The invention is therefore based on the object to avoid these deficiencies and to improve a furnace of the type described in such a way that a continuous flue gas flow which is advantageous for heat transfer can be ensured while maintaining simple setting work despite a flue gas flue comprising several turns, whereby on the one hand due to this flue gas flow the soot deposition is largely prevented and on the other hand the flue gas duct can be easily cleaned due to the furnace construction.

Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe dadurch, daß die Formsteine in ihren einander zugekehrten Stirnseiten eine durch den jeweils anschließenden Formstein abgedeckte Ringnut zur Aufnahme einer feuerfesten Dichtungsschnur aufweisen, daß der feuerfeste Einsatz den Feuerungsraum umschließt und daß die Formsteine über dem feuerfesten Einsatz jeweils wenigstens eine einen Kern umschließende Windung eines schraubenförmig verlaufenden Kanals für den Rauchgaszug bilden.The invention solves this problem in that the shaped stones in their mutually facing end faces have an annular groove covered by the respective subsequent shaped stone for receiving a refractory sealing cord, that the refractory insert encloses the combustion chamber and that the shaped stones above the refractory insert each have at least one Form the core surrounding the turn of a helical channel for the flue gas duct.

Da die Formsteine an ihren einander zugekehrten Stirnseiten eine Ringnut mit einer feuerfesten Dichtungsschnur besitzen, an die der anschließende Formstein durch das Gewicht der darüberliegenden Formsteine angedrückt wird, ergibt sich zwischen den Formsteinen ohne eine zusätzliche Vermörtelung eine gasdichte Verbindung, zumal im Bereich des Feuerungsraumes der den Feuerungsraum umschließende Einsatz vorgesehen ist, der nicht nur eine Erhöhung der mechanischen Festigkeit gerade im Bereich des Feuerungsraumes bewirkt, sondern auch eine zusätzliche Dichtung ergibt. Neben diesen Aufgaben erfüllt der erfindungsgemäße Einsatz eine Schutzaufgabe für die Formsteine vor einer mechanischen Beschädigung, weil der den Feuerungsraum umschließend Einsatz gewissermaßen eine Ausfütterung der Formsteine bildet.Since the shaped blocks on their mutually facing end faces have an annular groove with a fireproof sealing cord to which the subsequent shaped block is pressed by the weight of the overlying shaped blocks, there is a gas-tight connection between the shaped blocks without additional mortar, especially in the area of the combustion chamber of the Firing chamber enclosing use is provided, which not only increases the mechanical strength especially in the area of the firing chamber, but also results in an additional seal. In addition to these tasks, the insert according to the invention fulfills a protective task for the molded blocks against mechanical damage, because the insert surrounding the combustion chamber forms a kind of lining for the molded blocks.

Damit den Rauchgasen die fühlbare Abwärme entzogen werden kann, bedarf es einer ausreichend großen Wärmeaustauschfläche zwischen dem Rauchgasiug und den Formsteinen. Mit der Ausbildung wenigstens einer Windung eines schraubenförmig verlaufenden Kanals je Formstein für den Rauchgaszug können diese Forderungen sehr vorteilhaft erfüllt werden, wobei der Rauchgaszug durch das Aufsetzen neuer Formsteine jeweils um eine weitere Windung verlängert werden kann, so daß eine gute Anpassung an die Rauchgastemperaturen möglich ist. Der schraubenlinienförmig gewundene, einen Kern umschließende Kanal für den Rauchgaszug bringt darüber hinaus den Vorteil mit sich, daß innerhalb des Rauchgaszuges keine eine Rußablagerung unterstützenden Toträume vorhanden sind, was einerseits die Betriebszeiten zwischen zwei notwendigen Reinigungen .erheblich verlängert und anderseits die Reinigungsarbeiten bedeutend vereinfacht.So that the sensible waste heat can be extracted from the flue gases, a sufficiently large heat exchange surface between the flue gas and the shaped blocks is required. With the formation of at least one turn of a helical channel for each shaped block for the flue gas flue, these requirements can be met very advantageously, the flue gas flue being able to be extended by one further turn each time new flint blocks are placed, so that good adaptation to the flue gas temperatures is possible . The helically wound, core-enclosing channel for the flue gas flue also has the advantage that there are no dead spaces supporting soot deposition within the flue gas flue, which on the one hand considerably extends the operating times between two necessary cleaning operations and on the other hand significantly simplifies the cleaning work.

Die gleichmäßige und rasche Erwärmung der Formsteine des Rauchgaszuges kann zusätzlich dadurch erhöht werden daß die eine Windung des schraubenförmigen Kanales bildenden Formsteine eine mit einem Deckel verschließbare, axiale Durchgangsöffnung in dem von den Windungen des Kanales umschlossenen Kern aufweisen. Durch das Aufeinandersetzen solcher Formsteine ergibt sich ein zentraler Kanal, der oben durch einen Deckel verschlossen werden kann, so daß die sich in diesem Kanal stauende Wärme vom Kern der Formsteine aufgenommen werden kann. Außerdem kann in den aus den axialen Durchgangsöffnungen im Kern der Formsteine gebildeten Kanal der Wärmetauscher einer Niedertemperatur-Heizung, beispielsweise einer Fußbodenheizung, eingesetzt werden, um eine weitergehende Ausnützung der fühlbaren Abwärme der Rauchgase zu ermöglichen.The uniform and rapid heating of the shaped blocks of the flue gas flue can additionally be increased in that the shaped blocks forming a turn of the helical channel have an axial through opening that can be closed with a lid in the core enclosed by the turns of the channel. By placing such shaped stones on top of each other, a central channel is obtained which can be closed at the top by a cover, so that the heat accumulating in this channel can be absorbed by the core of the shaped stones. In addition, in the channel formed from the axial through openings in the core of the shaped blocks, the heat exchanger of a low-temperature heating, for example an underfloor heating system, can be used in order to make further use of the sensible waste heat of the flue gases.

Weisen in weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung die Formsteine im Bereich des den Feuerungsraum umschließenden Einsatzes eine gegen den Einsatz hin offene Axialnut auf, die im Bereich der Bodenwanne an einen Zuluftkanal anschließt, so kann für eine einwandfreie Nachverbrennung des mit den Rauchgasen allenfalls aus dem Feuerungsraum ausgetragenen Brennstoffes gesorgt werden, weil über die axiale Nut Frischluft in einen Nachverbrennungsraum geleitet werden kann. Da alle Formsteine im Bereich des Feuerungsraumes diese Axialnut aufweisen, verlängert sich der durch die Axialnuten gebildete Frischluftkanal mit jedem zusätzlichen Formstein selbständig.If, in a further development of the invention, the shaped stones in the area of the insert surrounding the combustion chamber have an axial groove that is open towards the insert and connects to an air supply duct in the area of the floor pan, then the fuel that is possibly discharged from the combustion chamber with the flue gases can be properly re-burned be taken care of because fresh air can be directed into a post-combustion chamber via the axial groove. Since all shaped stones in the area of the combustion chamber have this axial groove, the fresh air duct formed by the axial grooves is automatically extended with each additional shaped stone.

Um eine besonders einfache Versetzung des Ofens zu erreichen, kann der den Feuerungsraum umschließende Einsatz aus an den Formsteinen anliegenden, sich gegenseitig abstützenden Wandplatten bestehen, die mittels einer Bodenplatte und einer einen Nachverbrennungsraum vom Feuerungsraum abtrennenden, Feueröffnungen freilassenden Deckenplatte im Abstand voneinander gehalten sind. Die Platten des Einsatzes, die lediglich in die bereits versetzten Formsteine des Feuerungsraumes eingelegt bzw. eingeschoben werden müssen, ergeben nicht nur eine glattwandige Auskleidung des Feuerungsraumes, sondern dienen auch zum Aussteifen der Formsteine, was die erforderliche Sicherheit für den Ofen erzwingt.In order to achieve a particularly simple relocation of the furnace, the insert surrounding the combustion chamber can consist of mutually supporting wall plates lying against the shaped blocks, which are kept at a distance from one another by means of a base plate and a ceiling plate separating a post-combustion chamber from the combustion chamber and leaving open fire openings. The panels of the insert, which only have to be inserted or inserted into the already staggered stones of the furnace, not only result in a smooth-walled lining of the furnace, but also serve to stiffen the stones, which enforces the necessary safety for the furnace.

Da die vorgefertigten Formsteine keiner Vermörtelung und keiner Verkleidung bedürfen, können die Schauseiten der Formsteine mit einer Glasur versehen werden, wobei die Gestaltung dieser Schauseiten. völlig frei ist. Es ist folglich möglich, besondere architektonische Wirkumgen zu erzielen, indem an sich gleiche Formsteine übereinander verlegt werden, die aber unterschliedliche Schauseiten besitzen.Since the prefabricated shaped stones do not require any mortaring or cladding, the face sides of the shaped stones can be glazed, the design of these face sides. is completely free. It is therefore possible to achieve special architectural effects by laying the same shaped stones on top of each other, but with different sides.

In der Zeichnung ist der Erfindungsgegenstand in einem vereinfachten Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 einen erfindungsgemäßen Ofen in einem Längsschnitt,
  • Fig. 2 in einem Schnitt senkrecht zur Schnittebene der Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 einen Formstein für den Rauchgaszug in Draufsicht und
  • Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf den als Bodenwanne ausgebildeten untersten Formstein.
In the drawing, the subject matter of the invention is shown in a simplified embodiment. Show it
  • 1 shows a furnace according to the invention in a longitudinal section,
  • 2 in a section perpendicular to the section plane of FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 3 is a shaped block for the flue gas flue in top view and
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of the bottom shaped block designed as a floor pan.

Der dargestellte Ofen besitzt einen Ofenmantel aus vorgefertigten Formsteinen, die die jeweilige Querschnittsform des Ofens aufweisen und übereiander gesetzt sind. Der unterste Formstein 1a bildet dabei eine auf einem Fußgestellt 2 abgestützte Bodenwanne, auf der die den Feuerungsraum 3 umschließenden Formsteine 1b aufgesetzt sind. Auf diesen untereinander formgleichen Formsteinen 1b ruhen die einen Kanal 4 für den Rauchgaszug bildenden Formsteine 1c, die wiederum untereinander gleiche Gestalt besitzen. Auf diesen Formsteinen 1c ist als oberster Formstein 1d ein Deckel aufgesetzt, der mit einem Rauchrohranschluß 5 versehen ist. In diesen Rauchrohranschluß 5 wird in üblicher Weise ein Rauchrohr 6 eingesteckt.The furnace shown has a furnace jacket made of prefabricated shaped blocks which have the respective cross-sectional shape of the furnace and are placed one above the other. The lowest shaped stone 1a forms an abge on a base 2 supported floor pan on which the firing chamber 3 enclosing stones 1b are placed. The shaped blocks 1c forming a channel 4 for the flue gas flue, which in turn have the same shape as one another, rest on these shaped blocks 1b, which are identical in shape to one another. On these shaped stones 1c, a lid is placed as the uppermost shaped stone 1d, which is provided with a smoke pipe connection 5. In this smoke tube connection 5, a smoke tube 6 is inserted in the usual way.

Um die zueinfander richtige Lage der einzelnen Formsteine sicherzustellen, weisen die Formsteine an ihrem einander zugekehrten Stirnseiten jeweils gegengleiche Zentrierabsätze 7 auf, die beim Übereinandersetzen der einzelnen Formsteine ineinandergreifen. Zur gasdichten Verbindung der Formsteine ist inb den einander zugekehrten Stirnseiten der Formsteine eine Ringnut 8 angeordnet, in die eine feuerfeste Dichtungsschnur 9 eingelegt werden kann, die von der Ringnut 8 des unmittelbar anschließenden Formsteines ebenfalls aufgenommen wird.In order to ensure that the individual shaped blocks are in the correct position, the shaped blocks each have mutually opposite centering shoulders 7 on their mutually facing end faces, which interlock when the individual shaped blocks are placed one on top of the other. For the gas-tight connection of the shaped stones, an annular groove 8 is arranged in the mutually facing end faces of the shaped stones, into which a refractory sealing cord 9 can be inserted, which is also received by the annular groove 8 of the immediately adjacent shaped stone.

Um einerseits eine entsprechende Auskleidung des Feuerungsraumes 3 und anderseits eine Aussteifung des Ofenmantels im Bereich des Fuerungsraumes zu erhalten, ist in die Formsteine 1 b ein feuerfester Einsatz 10 formschlüssig eingesetzt. Dieser Einsatz besteht aus vier Wandplatten 11 a und 11b, von denen die einander gegenüberliegenden Wandplatten 1 ia von den Wandplatten 11 b gegen die Formsteine 1 gedrückt werden. Eine in die Bodenwanne 1a eingelegte Bodenplatte 12 und eine Deckenplatte 13, die mit einem Randabsatz zwischen die Wandplatten 11 ragt, sorgen für eine entsprechende Abstützung der Wandplatten 11b, so daß ein selbstaussteifendes System erreicht ist, ohne daß besondere Verbindungsmittel erforderlich wären.In order on the one hand to obtain a corresponding lining of the combustion chamber 3 and on the other hand to stiffen the furnace jacket in the area of the combustion chamber, a refractory insert 10 is inserted in a form-fitting manner in the shaped blocks 1b. This insert consists of four wall panels 11 a and 11 b, of which the opposing wall panels 1 ia are pressed by the wall panels 11 b against the shaped blocks 1. A floor plate 12 inserted into the floor pan 1a and a ceiling plate 13, which projects with a shoulder between the wall plates 11, provide appropriate support for the wall plates 11b, so that a self-stiffening system is achieved without the need for special connecting means.

Die Deckenplatte 13 des Einsatzes 10 teilt den Feuerungsraum 3 von einem Nachverbrennungsraum 14 ab, der mit dem Feuerungsraum 3 durch Feueröffnungen 15 verbunden ist. Um diesem Nachverbrennungsraum 14 Frischluft zuführen zu können, die eine vollständige Verbrennung des allenfalls mit den Rauchgasen aus dem Feuerungsraum 3 ausgetragenen Brennstoffes erlaubt, sind in die Formsteine 1b Axialnuten 16 eingeformt, die einen Frischluftkanal bilden, der über eine in der Bodenwanne 1 a vorgesehene Nut 17 an einen Zuluftkanal 18 im Bereich der Ofentür 19 angeschlossen ist.The ceiling plate 13 of the insert 10 divides the combustion chamber 3 from a post-combustion chamber 14, which is connected to the combustion chamber 3 by fire openings 15. In order to be able to supply fresh air to this afterburning chamber 14, which permits complete combustion of the fuel that is possibly discharged from the combustion chamber 3 with the flue gases, axial grooves 16 are formed in the shaped blocks 1b, which form a fresh air channel, which has a groove provided in the floor pan 1a 17 is connected to a supply air duct 18 in the region of the furnace door 19.

Damit die Ofentür 19 problemlos in die Formsteine eingesetzt werden kann, weist der unterste Formstein 1a eine entsprechende Ausnehmung auf, die sich in den darüberliegenden Formstein 1 b fortsetzt, so daß die Ofentür 19 zunächst in die Ausnehmung des untersten Formsteines 1a eingeschoben und dann der auf die Bodenwanne aufzusetzende Formstein 1b über die Ofentür 19 aufgesetzt werden kann.So that the furnace door 19 can be inserted into the shaped blocks without any problems, the lowest shaped block 1a has a corresponding recess, which continues into the overlying shaped block 1b, so that the furnace door 19 is first inserted into the recess of the lowest shaped block 1a and then on the floor pan molded block 1b can be placed over the furnace door 19.

Um einen durch das Aufsetzen je eines Formsteines 1c verlängerbaren Rauchgaszug su erhalten, weisen die Formsteine 1c je eine Windung des schraubenförmig verlaufenden Kanales 4 auf. Um einerseits ein leichteres Entformen zu ermöglichen und anderseits eine Verwirbelung des Rauchgases sicherzustellen, sind die Rauchgas- öffnungen im Bereich sich sonst ergebender Hinterschneidungen abgeflacht, wie dies in den Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 angedeutet ist. Die Formsteine 1c weisen außerdem eine axiale Durchgangsöffnung 20 innerhalb des von von den Windungen des Kanales 4 umschlossenen Kernes auf, so daß sich innerhalb der aufeinander gesetzten Formsteine 1c ein zentraler Kanal ergibt, der mit Hilfe eines Deckels 21 im obersten Formstein 1c verschlossen werden kann. In diesem zentralen Kanal kann Heißgas aus dem Nachverbrennungsraum 14 aufsteigen, wodurch der Kern der Formsteine 1c rascher und gleichmäßiger erwärmt werden kann.In order to obtain a flue gas flue su which can be lengthened by fitting a shaped block 1c, the shaped blocks 1c each have a turn of the helically extending channel 4. In order to facilitate easier demolding on the one hand and to ensure swirling of the flue gas on the other hand, the flue gas openings are flattened in the region of the undercuts which would otherwise result, as is indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2. The shaped blocks 1c also have an axial through opening 20 within the core enclosed by the turns of the channel 4, so that a central channel results within the stacked shaped blocks 1c, which can be closed with the aid of a cover 21 in the uppermost shaped block 1c. Hot gas can rise from the afterburning chamber 14 in this central channel, as a result of which the core of the shaped blocks 1c can be heated more rapidly and uniformly.

Es zeigt sich also, daß mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Ofens alle Vorteile eines Kachelofens tatsächlich erreicht werden können, ohne daß dessen Nachteile in Kauf genommen werden müssen. Die Aufstellung des Ofens durch ein Aufeinandersetzen der einzelnen Formsteine bietet keinerlei Schwierigkeiten, wobei die Möglichkeit besteht, durch die Wahl der Anzahl der verwendeten Formsteine den Ofen an sehr unterschiedliche Verhältnisse anzupassen. Da die einzelnen Teile des Ofens nicht vermörtelt zu werden brauchen, kann der Ofen auch leicht wieder abgebaut und neu errichtet werden, wenn dies erforderdlich wird.It turns out, therefore, that with the help of the stove according to the invention all the advantages of a tiled stove can actually be achieved without having to accept its disadvantages. The installation of the furnace by placing the individual shaped stones on top of each other does not pose any difficulties, and it is possible to adapt the furnace to very different conditions by selecting the number of shaped stones used. Since the individual parts of the stove do not need to be mortared, the stove can also be easily dismantled and rebuilt if this becomes necessary.

Wie Fig. 3 zeigt, müssen die Windungen des Kanales 4 für den Rauchgaszug im Querschnitt nicht kreisförmig sein. Der Rauchgaszug könnte auch durch eine von einem Ker ausgehende Wendelfläche gebildet werden, die sich je Formstein 1c über 360° erstreckt.3 shows, the turns of the channel 4 for the flue gas flue need not be circular in cross section. The flue gas flue could also be formed by a spiral surface starting from a ker, which extends over 360 ° for each shaped block 1c.

Claims (4)

1. A stove having a ceramic shell, which encloses a fuel-firing chamber (3) and a helical flue and is composed of vertically superimposed shaped bricks (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d), which have the corresponding cross-sectional shape of the furnace and are provided on their confronting end faces with complementary centering steps (7), wherein the lowermost shaped brick (1a) consists of a bottom tub, which is adapted to be supported on a base frame (2), the uppermost shaped brick consists of a cover, which is provided with a fitting (5) for connection to a flue pipe, the intermediate shaped bricks (1b, 1c) are substantially identical in shape at least in groups, and a refractory insert (10) is positively retained adjacent to the firing chamber (3), characterized in that the shaped bricks (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) are provided in their confronting end faces with an annular groove (8), which is covered by the adjacent shaped brick and serves to accommodate a refractory sealing cord (9), the refractory insert (10) encloses the firing chamber (3), and each of the shaped bricks (1c) which are disposed over the refractory insert (10) constitutes at least one convolution of a helical flue passage (4), which convolution surrounds a core.
2. A stove according to claim 1, characterized in that those shaped bricks (1c) which constitute a convolution of the helical passage (4) are formed in the core, which is enclosed by the convolutions of the passage (4), with an axial through opening (20), which is adapted to be closed by a cover (21).
3. A stove according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that those shaped bricks (1b) which are disposed adjacent to the insert (10), which encloses the fuel-firing chamber, are formed with an axial groove (16), which is open toward the insert (10) and which communicates with an air supply passage (18) adjacent to the bottom tub (18).
4. A stove acording to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the insert (10) which encloses the fuel-firing chamber (3) consists of wall plates (11a, 11 b), which engage the shaped bricks (1 b) and support each other and which are spaced apart by means of a bottom plate (12) and by means of a top plate (13), which separates an afterburning chamber (14) from the fuel-firing chamber (3) and defines fire openings (15).
EP81890195A 1981-12-07 1981-12-07 Stove Expired EP0081028B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8181890195T DE3173925D1 (en) 1981-12-07 1981-12-07 Stove
EP81890195A EP0081028B1 (en) 1981-12-07 1981-12-07 Stove

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP81890195A EP0081028B1 (en) 1981-12-07 1981-12-07 Stove

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0081028A1 EP0081028A1 (en) 1983-06-15
EP0081028B1 true EP0081028B1 (en) 1986-02-26

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ID=8188766

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81890195A Expired EP0081028B1 (en) 1981-12-07 1981-12-07 Stove

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EP (1) EP0081028B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3173925D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3833088C1 (en) * 1988-09-29 1990-05-10 Heribert 8151 Wall De Posch
DE9404544U1 (en) * 1994-03-17 1994-05-11 Rainer, Johann, Eberschwang Oven with flue gas duct and screw coil as an insert for this purpose
DE102007047583B4 (en) 2007-10-04 2010-05-06 Hans Rainer Heat storage system
DE102013004231A1 (en) * 2013-03-11 2014-09-11 Karl Stefan Riener HEATING STORE AND OVEN WITH HEAT STORAGE
DE102016014734A1 (en) * 2016-12-09 2018-06-14 Rainer Schrundner Speicherfeuerstätte of prefabricated elements
CN110433437B (en) * 2019-08-07 2021-07-23 山东仕展电力设备有限公司 Indoor fire extinguishing box

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202024C (en) *
DE361797C (en) * 1921-03-08 1923-10-27 Funke Ofen Ges M B H Dismountable furnace made of parts each forming a whole layer

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE211584C (en) *
DE177842C (en) *
DE2020024C3 (en) * 1970-04-24 1978-03-23 Westfaelische Metall Industrie Kg, Hueck & Co, 4780 Lippstadt Device for controlling a lens washer device for motor vehicles

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202024C (en) *
DE361797C (en) * 1921-03-08 1923-10-27 Funke Ofen Ges M B H Dismountable furnace made of parts each forming a whole layer

Also Published As

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DE3173925D1 (en) 1986-04-03
EP0081028A1 (en) 1983-06-15

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