EP0076892B1 - Laminated ribbon element for thermal printing, thermal printer and process for lift-off correction - Google Patents

Laminated ribbon element for thermal printing, thermal printer and process for lift-off correction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0076892B1
EP0076892B1 EP19820105763 EP82105763A EP0076892B1 EP 0076892 B1 EP0076892 B1 EP 0076892B1 EP 19820105763 EP19820105763 EP 19820105763 EP 82105763 A EP82105763 A EP 82105763A EP 0076892 B1 EP0076892 B1 EP 0076892B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
printing
correction
character
laminated
lift
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19820105763
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0076892A3 (en
EP0076892A2 (en
Inventor
Clifford Wilhelm Anderson
Hugh Thomas Findlay
Nancy Chapman Watkins
Steven Lewis Applegate
James John Molloy
Donald Abbott Walker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JP Morgan Delaware
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US06/292,552 external-priority patent/US4384797A/en
Priority claimed from US06/292,553 external-priority patent/US4396308A/en
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Publication of EP0076892A2 publication Critical patent/EP0076892A2/en
Publication of EP0076892A3 publication Critical patent/EP0076892A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0076892B1 publication Critical patent/EP0076892B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/382—Contact thermal transfer or sublimation processes
    • B41M5/3825—Electric current carrying heat transfer sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J29/00—Details of, or accessories for, typewriters or selective printing mechanisms not otherwise provided for
    • B41J29/26—Devices, non-fluid media or methods for cancelling, correcting errors, underscoring or ruling
    • B41J29/36—Devices, non-fluid media or methods for cancelling, correcting errors, underscoring or ruling for cancelling or correcting errors by overprinting
    • B41J29/373—Devices, non-fluid media or methods for cancelling, correcting errors, underscoring or ruling for cancelling or correcting errors by overprinting sheet media bearing an adhesive layer effective to lift off wrongly typed characters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to thermal printing and, more particularly, it relates to a laminated ribbon element which functions both for printing and lift-off correction, to a thermal printer using said element, and to a process for lift-off correction.
  • Thermal printing of the kind involved is by flow of melted material from a transfer medium which appears similar to a one-use typewriter ribbon. A lower lamination of the ribbon is heated, and printing is achieved by transferring ink from the ribbon to papper by means of local heating. Lift-off correction is the physical stripping of a printed character from the paper or other surface on which it is printed.
  • Lift-off correction of printing by conventional typewriters is now a standard option.
  • the cohesion of the ink must be greater than the affinity of the ink for the paper or other surface upon which it is applied.
  • the ink is formulated so that the adhesion is one of surface adhesion between the ink and the paper rather than a viscous penetration of the paper fibers or wetting of the paper fibers with the ink layer.
  • correction of erroneously typed characters is accomplished by adhesive removal from the surface of the paper, using a piece of correction material having an adhesive surface which is impacted onto the erroneously typed character.
  • the character erroneously typed is the character once again impacted during lift-off erasure. This form of impact minimizes adhesion to the paper surrounding and in internal uninked parts of the character. Abrasion and other marking of the paper is thereby minimized.
  • Patent 3,924,728 a lift-off correction tape is part of the typewriter ribbon and is said to be non-tacky during feeding.
  • the coating in these patents is said to be not sticky to touch and not adherent to itself, but to become sticky in response to pressure, specifically the pressure of impact typing.
  • U.S. patent No. 3,998,314 is to the same general effect, but describes the lift-off layer only as impact compressible.
  • the lift-off correction tape is fed by mechanisms separate from the imaging ribbon feed mechanisms. Desirable aspects of a combined or single ribbon feed are recognized.
  • patents 4,093,772 and 3,924,728 show a dual ribbon with lengthwise strips, one of marking material and one of lift-off correction material. This is said to be a conventional split correction ribbon with a lift-off coating rather than a masking coating. The normally non-tacky nature of the lift-off strip is said to make possible the feeding and handling of the dual ribbon by a single mechanism in the typewriter.
  • U.S. patent No. 4,034,843 similarly discloses a split, lift-off correction-imaging ribbon for impact typing, with emphasis on techniques of joining the two strips.
  • a laminated ribbon element for thermal printing comprising an electrically resistive supporting substrate carrying an active layer, said active layer being pigmented for visual recognition when printed and being a thermoplastic which is non-tacky and cohesive at ordinary room temperatures is characterized in that for correcting said printing by a lift-off correction, said active layer is made of a material which forms a bond for lift-off correction of thermal printing made by said element after having been raised to temperatures above ordinary room temperatures but below temperatures at which said thermal printing by said element is effected.
  • said active layer is a blend comprising an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, a compatible acrylic polymer, and carbon black.
  • the thermal printer according to the invention is of the type which has a power source to power heat-producing elements which can be selectably activated in the form of a character to be printed while in contact with said laminated element from which marking material flows when heated by said elements, and is characterized in that it comprises control means adapted to be set during a lift-off correction operation to apply power from said power source to said laminated element in a substantial amount, said amount being less than power to effect said printing, while activating selected ones of said elements.
  • a process of correcting a printed image which has been thermally printed from said laminated element is characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
  • Non-tackyness of the laminated element not only simplifies the feeding of said element, but simplifies incidental handling and, should the correction material dislodge into the printer, the material does not tend to stick to important areas and is generally more easily cleaned away.
  • the laminated element of the invention feeds well with low drag and does not require separate mounting and feed mechanisms.
  • the printer of the invention has the capability of generating heat in the image of the character to be erased. This capability is used and the thermal activation of the correction material corresponds in form to the ink image of the character. This minimizes adhesion to the paper surrounding and internal to the character, thereby minimizing subsequent abrasion or other marking of the paper. This advantage corresponds to conventional erasure by impact printing, in which the printing element for the character to be lifted off is the one impacted against the paper. Correction by this thermal technique is largely noiseless as it involves no impact or abrasion.
  • the printer is a typewriter having the usual keyboard 1, a platen 3 upon which paper 5 to be printed upon is supported and a thermal printing element or printhead 7 with a group of small electrodes 9 to effect printing of a selected character image. Selection of individual electrodes 9, as the printhead 7 is moved across the paper, makes possible the combination of minute dots of image to form virtually any image.
  • One of the keybuttons 11 effects ordinary backspacing while another keybutton 13 effects the erasure operation to be described.
  • Another key 15 effects forward spacing. Sequencing and other control of typewriter operations in response to operation of keyboard 1 is under control of electric logic and digital processing circuits as is now conventional in general respects in electronic typewriters.
  • Fig. 1 the printhead 7 is shown broken away on the side toward the keyboard. The remaining structure is sufficiently indicated in Fig. 2.
  • the supporting structure of printhead 7 is shown broken away to emphasize the single vertical row of electrodes 9 which are mounted within the printhead 7.
  • each electrode 9 is either connected to printing potential or not connected, depending upon the pattern to be printed.
  • Fig. 2 is a top view, also generally illustrative only, of the printing and erase area.
  • Positioning member 20 pivoted at point 21, is attached to printhead 7.
  • a ribbon 22 is unwound from a supply spool (not shown) around tensioning roller 24, across a guide roller 26, and to the end of printhead 7.
  • Solenoid 27 is linked to an arm of positioning member 20, and, when activated, pulls member 20 clockwise to force the end of printhead 7 against paper 5 mounted on platen 3.
  • solenoid 27 When solenoid 27 is de-energized, spring 28, connected to member 20 and to a point on the mechanism frame, pulls member 20 counterclockwise to thereby move print- head 7 away from paper 5.
  • Ribbon 22 is pressed between the end of printhead 7 and paper 5 when solenoid 27 is activated. Ribbon 22 is then in contact with the ends of the vertical column of electrodes 9 (Fig. 1), which are mounted in printhead 7.
  • a guide member 29 is selectably movable toward and away from platen 3. During correction, guide member 29 is moved toward platen 3 to present a face at paper 5 a distance selected to be about 6 millimeters prior to the printing position.
  • member 29 is in the erase position, shown in Fig. 2, ribbon 22 is thereby positioned flat with the paper at the printing point and for about 6 mm prior to the printing point. In a typical printing operation 6 mm is about the width of two to four characters.
  • Metering of the ribbon 22 is effected by cooperating metering rollers 30 and 32 located on the take-up side of printhead 7.
  • Roller 30 is arranged on the side of the ribbon 20 that faces printhead 7 and is mounted at a fixed position with respect to printhead 7.
  • Firm pressure contact with ribbon 22 is achieved by mounting roller 32 such that it is movable toward roller 30 and biased to provide a nipping force.
  • Roller 30 is driven with each printing operation an amount approximately equal to the width of printing movement effected, so that the print- head 7 moves across paper 5 with unused ribbon 22 opposite the printing position and with the ribbon 22 having no substantial motion in the direction of printing movement relative to paper 5.
  • Roller 30 is formed of a conducting material such as brass and is preferably knurled to assure intimate contact and firm gripping. Current from the electrodes 9 in printhead 7 is collected by the electrically grounded roller 30 through contact with the side of the ribbon 22 which it contacts, which side is resistive as will be more fully discussed. To improve the connection further, roller 32 may be grounded and used to establish a connection through voids in the ink layer left by printing.
  • Such operation and design of a thermal printer may be conventional, except for the guide member 29.
  • the print-head 7 and ribbon-guide rollers 24, 26, 30 and 32 are mounted on a carrier 34 which moves across the length of a stationary platen 3.
  • the guide member 29 may similarly be mounted on carrier 34, along with a suitable mechanism to move it toward the platen during correction.
  • carrier 34 is attached to an electrical motor 36, which drives a belt or cable 28, the ends of which are connected to opposite sides of carrier 34.
  • Guide member 29 presents a smooth, surface upon which ribbon 22 rests.
  • Member 29 is mounted on the end of arm 150 (see Fig. 2), which is pivoted to carrier 34 at point 152.
  • the other side of arm 150 is linked to solenoid 154.
  • Spring 56 connects to arm 150 near member 29, with the other end connected to the frame of carrier 34.
  • the assembly constitutes motive means linked to guide member 29 to render guide member 29 selectably movable toward and away from platen 3.
  • solenoid 154 is not activated.
  • Spring 56 therefore pulls arm 150 clockwise to bring guide member 29 away from platen 3 to the position shown in dotted outline in Fig. 2. Therefore, during printing, ribbon 22 is pulled away from paper 5 while still hot.
  • solenoid 154 is activated pivoting arm 150 counterclockwise and bringing guide member 29 toward platen 3 so that ribbon 22 is held against paper 5 in the span between printhead 7 and guide member 29.
  • An electrical lead shown illustratively as a single wire 40, connects the electrodes 9 (Fig. 1) of printhead 7 to an electrical power supply 42.
  • a switch 44 has two positions, a print position at which the full potential of power supply 42 is connected to the electrodes 9 and a correct position at which a connection is made to line 46 which results in a portion of the power supply 42 being applied to the electrodes 9.
  • the ribbon is a three layer element of an active material 50 of typically 4 to 6 microns in thickness, an aluminum layer 52 of about 1000 Angstroms in thickness which serves as current return path, and a resistive substrate 54 of typically 15 microns in thickness.
  • the ribbon is, of course, wide enough to fit across the entire vertical row of electrodes 9.
  • ribbon 22 Since printing is by complete release, ribbon 22 must be incremented with each printing step. Printing is effected by energizing selected ones of the electrodes 9 while those electrodes are in contact with substrate 54. Substrate 54 is also in contact with a broad, conductive area of roller 30, which disperses current beyond the location of electrodes 9. The high current densities in the areas near the energized point electrodes 9 produce intense local heating which causes, during printing, melting of active material 50 and resulting flow onto paper 5. During printing, guide member 29 is away from platen 3 so that ribbon 22 is pulled away from paper 5 while still hot. During lift-off correction, guide member 29 is moved to paper 5 so that ribbon 22 is held against paper 5 in the span between printhead 7 and guide member 29. During lift-off correction, as will be explained, the electrical potential and corresponding current is reduced, to thereby cause a heating which brings out adhesion without flow of the character printed.
  • the fabrication and the specific form of the resistive substrate 54 forms no essential part of this invention and any substrate with adequate physical and electrical characteristics may be employed.
  • Polycarbonate is used as the resin material of the substrate of the preferred embodiment.
  • a representative teaching of the fabrication of a polycarbonate substrate for this purpose is disclosed in the above-mentioned U.S. Patent No. 4,103,066.
  • Three parts of a polycarbonate resin (which may be Mobay Chemical Corporation Merlon or Makrolon or mixtures thereof and with a smaller amount of General Electric Co. GE3320 a polycarbonate block copolymer) is dissolved in approximately 93 parts of dichloromethane. Added to this mixture is approximately one part of conductive carbon (XC-72 from Cabot Corporation).
  • This is first mixed in a shaker and then dispersed in a ball-mill jar containing steel balls.
  • the dispersion is reverse roll coated onto a 0.125 mm Mylar substrate to the desired dry thickness.
  • Mylar is a trademark of DuPont for polyethylene terephthalate. The solvent is then evaporated away.
  • An electrically conducting intermediate layer 52 of aluminum of 1000 Angstrom thickness is vacuum deposited upon this substrate.
  • the aluminum is then overcoated, using a reverse rollcoater, by a dispersion of the material of the active layer, the preferred embodiment being the aqueous formulation described below, to the desired dry thickness.
  • the combined polycarbonate layer with aqueous-coated layer is stripped from the Mylar substrate. This is the final ribbon 22, with active material 50 being the water- applied layer, and the carbonate with carbon black being the substrate 54. It is slit to the desired width and wound into a spool.
  • the following formula is the presently preferred formula for the active or marking layer 50. It yields the desired printing characteristics of being bodily releasable from paper 5 while being non-tacky at ordinary ambient temperatures, flowable to effect printing a high temperature, and developing adhesion or tack for printed characters at intermediate temperatures.
  • lift-off correction is effected by first positioning the printhead 7 to act as in printing at the location of the incorrect character.
  • the character "b" in the bottom of the two lines of printing shown is to be corrected.
  • Printhead 7 is shown as being on the same line as that character. If not, the platen 3 is rotated to select the line.
  • the normal printing current at each electrode 20 is 26 milliamperes (ma). During lift-off correction, the current to each electrode is 6-12 ma.
  • the speed of movement of printhead 7 during normal printing is 6.35 cm per second. When the speed of movement of printhead 7 is reduced during lift-off correction, a typical speed is 3.81 cm per second. Return of printhead 7 after correction uses ordinary printer mechanisms.
  • the 6 mm span between printhead 7 and guide member 29 was the result of available space- in the specific implementation and might desirably be less in other embodiments.
  • the ribbon 22 is held in contact with printing on paper 5 after the initial heating. This is accomplished by guide member 29 which is then contiguous to paper 5, as is the end of printhead 7. Accordingly, the intermediate heat for erasure is -applied, but the ribbon 22 stays in contact with paper 5 for the time of printing movement through about 6 mm, at which point ribbon 22 clears member 29 and is directed away from paper 5 toward the nip of rollers 30 and 32 (Fig. 2).
  • the lower level of heat supplied during erasure does not cause layer 50 of ribbon 22 to flow, but does produce an affinity or tack toward the printed character, which is, of course, of the same material since the characters are printed from the same ribbon 22
  • the subsequent cooling sets the adhesive bond.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Accessory Devices And Overall Control Thereof (AREA)
EP19820105763 1981-08-13 1982-06-29 Laminated ribbon element for thermal printing, thermal printer and process for lift-off correction Expired EP0076892B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/292,552 US4384797A (en) 1981-08-13 1981-08-13 Single laminated element for thermal printing and lift-off correction, control therefor, and process
US06/292,553 US4396308A (en) 1981-08-13 1981-08-13 Ribbon guiding for thermal lift-off correction
US292553 1981-08-13
US292552 1981-08-13

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0076892A2 EP0076892A2 (en) 1983-04-20
EP0076892A3 EP0076892A3 (en) 1983-05-18
EP0076892B1 true EP0076892B1 (en) 1985-02-13

Family

ID=26967410

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19820105763 Expired EP0076892B1 (en) 1981-08-13 1982-06-29 Laminated ribbon element for thermal printing, thermal printer and process for lift-off correction

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0076892B1 (xx)
DE (1) DE3262323D1 (xx)
DK (1) DK154933C (xx)
ES (1) ES8307604A1 (xx)
HK (1) HK18190A (xx)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4658270A (en) * 1983-07-27 1987-04-14 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Recording apparatus
US4545693A (en) * 1983-10-11 1985-10-08 International Business Machines Corporation Drive for thermal printing lift-off correction
DE3425560C1 (de) * 1984-07-11 1986-01-16 Pelikan Ag, 3000 Hannover Korrekturband fuer thermosensitive Papiere
US4572687A (en) * 1984-07-31 1986-02-25 International Business Machines Corporation Repetitive mode for thermal printing lift-off correction
JPS62156972A (ja) * 1985-12-28 1987-07-11 Canon Inc サ−マルヘツド
EP0228292B1 (en) * 1985-12-28 1991-04-03 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha A character-erasable printing apparatus
GB2204280B (en) * 1987-04-27 1991-11-06 Canon Kk Thermal head and thermal recording apparatus using the same
JPH0212861U (xx) * 1988-07-11 1990-01-26
JP3017828B2 (ja) * 1991-03-29 2000-03-13 株式会社東芝 記録装置

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5721471B2 (xx) * 1972-03-27 1982-05-07
US4093772A (en) * 1977-01-31 1978-06-06 Burroughs Corporation Pressure-activated and non-tacky lift-off element and process therefor
NL7807984A (nl) * 1977-08-01 1979-02-05 Johnson & Johnson Normaal niet kleverige hechtende band, alsmede werkwij- ze voor de toepassing ervan.
US4103066A (en) * 1977-10-17 1978-07-25 International Business Machines Corporation Polycarbonate ribbon for non-impact printing
US4269892A (en) * 1980-02-04 1981-05-26 International Business Machines Corporation Polyester ribbon for non-impact printing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK154933B (da) 1989-01-09
HK18190A (en) 1990-03-16
DE3262323D1 (en) 1985-03-28
EP0076892A3 (en) 1983-05-18
DK362982A (da) 1983-02-14
DK154933C (da) 1989-05-29
ES514205A0 (es) 1983-07-01
ES8307604A1 (es) 1983-07-01
EP0076892A2 (en) 1983-04-20

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