EP0075041B1 - Steam generator with a superheater tubular wall - Google Patents

Steam generator with a superheater tubular wall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0075041B1
EP0075041B1 EP81108053A EP81108053A EP0075041B1 EP 0075041 B1 EP0075041 B1 EP 0075041B1 EP 81108053 A EP81108053 A EP 81108053A EP 81108053 A EP81108053 A EP 81108053A EP 0075041 B1 EP0075041 B1 EP 0075041B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
tube wall
evaporator
steam generator
superheater
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81108053A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0075041A1 (en
Inventor
Karl Rees
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer AG
Original Assignee
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gebrueder Sulzer AG filed Critical Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Publication of EP0075041A1 publication Critical patent/EP0075041A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0075041B1 publication Critical patent/EP0075041B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/12—Forms of water tubes, e.g. of varying cross-section
    • F22B37/125—Bifurcates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G3/00—Steam superheaters characterised by constructional features; Details of component parts thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G7/00—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition
    • F22G7/14—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition in water-tube boilers, e.g. between banks of water tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam generator with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a steam generator is known from FR-PS 1 167371.
  • the penetration areas of the superheater tubes through the evaporator tube walls and through the ceiling of the flue gas duct form critical points that narrowly limit the practical application of the upstream superheater wall.
  • the differences in elongation between the superheater tubes and the evaporator tubes can cause great stresses in the area of the penetrations, which in turn cause sealing problems of the flue gas duct to the outside.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a steam generator with the features of the preamble of claim 1 so that in the penetration of the superheater tubes through the evaporator tube walls large differences in thermal expansion in a structurally simple manner and in terms of tightness are easily absorbed.
  • this object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • a particular advantage of this solution can be seen in the fact that one is no longer limited in the length of the tubes of the superheater tubes.
  • GB-PS 873 084 discloses a steam generator with a superheater pipe wall which is hung in front of an evaporator pipe wall and the pipes of which are fastened to the evaporator pipe wall by means of retaining means.
  • a steam generator 1 has a combustion chamber 2 with an adjoining flue gas duct 3, at the upper end of which a transverse duct 4 is connected.
  • the combustion chamber 2 and the flue gas duct 3 are delimited by four vertical walls 6.
  • a funnel 7 is provided, which also consists of four tube walls.
  • four burners 8 are arranged, which are supplied with air via channels 9 and with fuel via further lines, not shown.
  • the tube walls 6 and the walls of the funnel 7 are formed from gas-tight welded tubes 10, which serve as evaporator heating surfaces.
  • touch heating surfaces 12, 13 and 14 are suspended, of which the heating surface 14 can be formed from a plurality of tabular, vertical bulkhead heating surfaces.
  • superheater tube walls 18 are arranged in front of them on the flue gas side. These four superheater tube walls 18 consist of a narrow grid of vertical tubes which are connected at the bottom to distributors 20 arranged outside the flue gas duct and at the top to collectors 21 also arranged outside the flue gas duct.
  • the parallel evaporator tubes 10 are welded to one another via webs 24 via the height of the combustion chamber 2.
  • two adjacent evaporator tubes 10 are joined together via fork pieces 26 to form a new evaporator tube 27.
  • Wider webs 28 extend between adjacent evaporator tubes 27, so that the evaporator tubes 10 and 27 form tight, so-called membrane walls together with the webs 24 and 28, respectively.
  • pipe bends 30, which are connected to fork pieces 31 penetrate the evaporator tube wall 6.
  • Vertical fin tubes 32 which form the superheater tube wall 18, are welded onto the fork pieces 31.
  • the fins 33 of adjacent fin tubes 32 are only a short distance a, through which practically no heat radiation falls on the evaporator tube wall located behind them.
  • the fin tubes 32 are fastened in several places over their height by retaining elements to the webs 28 of the evaporator tube wall. 4 and 5 for this purpose 32 hooks 35 are welded to the back of the fin tubes, which are each suspended in a slot 36 of the webs 28. For sealing, the slots 36 and the hooks 35 are covered by a box 40 which is tightly welded onto the outside of the evaporator tube wall 6.
  • the cover tabs 48 and 49 do not provide a perfect seal. It may therefore be expedient to connect the bellows to the legs 44 on the outside of the evaporator tube wall by means of bellows (not shown) which permit vertical displacements.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Dampferzeuger mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a steam generator with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Ein solcher Dampferzeuger ist aus der FR-PS 1 167371 bekannt. Bei diesem Dampferzeuger bilden die Durchdringungsbereiche der Ueberhitzerrohe durch die Verdampferrohrwände und durch die Decke des Rauchgaszuges kritische Stellen, die die praktische Anwendung der vorgelagerten Ueberhitzerwand eng begrenzen. Die Dehnungsunterschiede zwischen den Ueberhitzerrohren und den Verdampferrohen können im Bereich der Durchdringungen grosse Spannungen hervorrufen, die wiederum Abdichtungsprobleme des Rauchgaszuges nach aussen mit sich bringen.Such a steam generator is known from FR-PS 1 167371. In this steam generator, the penetration areas of the superheater tubes through the evaporator tube walls and through the ceiling of the flue gas duct form critical points that narrowly limit the practical application of the upstream superheater wall. The differences in elongation between the superheater tubes and the evaporator tubes can cause great stresses in the area of the penetrations, which in turn cause sealing problems of the flue gas duct to the outside.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Dampferzeuger mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 so zu verbessern, dass im Durchdringungsbereich der Ueberhitzerrohre durch die Verdampferrohrwände grosse Wärmedehnungsunterschiede auf konstruktiv einfache Weise und hinsichtlich der Dichtheit problemlos aufgenommen werden.The invention has for its object to improve a steam generator with the features of the preamble of claim 1 so that in the penetration of the superheater tubes through the evaporator tube walls large differences in thermal expansion in a structurally simple manner and in terms of tightness are easily absorbed.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die Merkmale des Kennzeichens des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Ein besonderer Vorteil dieser Lösung ist darin zu sehen, dass man nicht mehr in der Länge der Rohre der Ueberhitzerrohre beschränkt ist.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. A particular advantage of this solution can be seen in the fact that one is no longer limited in the length of the tubes of the superheater tubes.

Aus der GB-PS 873 084 ist ein Dampferzeuger mit vor einer Verdampferrohrwand vorgehängter Ueberhitzerrohrwand bekannt, deren Rohre über Rückhaltemittel an der Verdampferrohrwand befestigt sind.GB-PS 873 084 discloses a steam generator with a superheater pipe wall which is hung in front of an evaporator pipe wall and the pipes of which are fastened to the evaporator pipe wall by means of retaining means.

Die Erfindung wird in der Zeichnung an zwei Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen :

  • Figur 1 einen schematisierten Vertikalschnitt durch den Dampferzeuger nach der Erfindung,
  • Figur 2 eine fragmentarische Ansicht der unteren Durchdringungspartie der Ueberhitzerwandrohre,
  • Figur 3 einen Schnitt nach der Linie 111-111 in Fig. 2,
  • Figur 4 einen Horizontalschnitt durch die Rauchgaszugwand im Bereich eines Hakens nach der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 5,
  • Figur 5 einen Vertikalschnitt nach der Linie V-V in Fig. 4,
  • Figur 6 eine Ansicht einer oberen Durchdringung der Ueberhitzerrohre durch die Verdampferrohrwand,
  • Figur 7 einen Vertikalschnitt nach der Linie VII-VII in Fig. 6 und
  • Figur 8 eine Ansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform der oberen Durchdringungspartie der Ueberhitzerrohre durch die Verdampferrohrwand.
The invention is explained in more detail in the drawing using two exemplary embodiments. Show it :
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic vertical section through the steam generator according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 shows a fragmentary view of the lower penetration section of the superheater wall tubes,
  • FIG. 3 shows a section along the line 111-111 in FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4 shows a horizontal section through the flue gas flue wall in the area of a hook along the line IV-IV in FIG. 5,
  • FIG. 5 shows a vertical section along the line VV in FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 6 shows a view of an upper penetration of the superheater tubes through the evaporator tube wall,
  • Figure 7 is a vertical section along the line VII-VII in Fig. 6 and
  • Figure 8 is a view of a second embodiment of the upper penetration of the superheater tubes through the evaporator tube wall.

Gemäss Fig. 1 weist ein Dampferzeuger 1 eine Brennkammer 2 mit einem daran anschliessenden Rauchgaszug 3 auf, an dessen oberen Ende ein Querzug 4 angeschlossen ist. Die Brennkammer 2 und der Rauchgaszug 3 sind von vier vertikalen Wänden 6 begrenzt. Am unteren Ende der Brennkammer ist ein Trichter 7 vorgesehen, der ebenfalls aus vier Rohrwänden besteht. Im Bereich der vertikalen Kanten zwischen jeweils zwei benachbarten Wänden 6 sind je vier Brenner 8 angeordnet, die über Kanäle 9 mit Luft und über weitere, nicht gezeichnete Leitungen mit Brennstoff versorgt werden.1, a steam generator 1 has a combustion chamber 2 with an adjoining flue gas duct 3, at the upper end of which a transverse duct 4 is connected. The combustion chamber 2 and the flue gas duct 3 are delimited by four vertical walls 6. At the lower end of the combustion chamber, a funnel 7 is provided, which also consists of four tube walls. In the area of the vertical edges between each two adjacent walls 6, four burners 8 are arranged, which are supplied with air via channels 9 and with fuel via further lines, not shown.

Die Rohrwände 6 und die Wände des Trichters 7 sind aus gasdicht verschweissten Rohren 10 gebildet, die als Verdampferheizflächen dienen. Im Rauchgaszug 3 sind Berührungsheizflächen 12, 13 und 14 aufgehängt, von denen die Heizfläche 14 aus mehreren tafelförmigen, vertikalen Schottenheizflächen gebildet sein kann. Um zu verhindern, dass die sich über den Rauchgaszug 3 erstreckenden Abschnitte der Verdampferrohrwände 6 zuviel Wärme aufnehmen, sind ihnen rauchgasseitig Ueberhitzerrohrwände 18 vorgelagert. Diese vier Ueberhitzerrohrwände 18 bestehen aus einem engen Gitter vertikaler Rohre, die unten mit ausserhalb des Rauchgaszuges angeordneten Verteilern 20 und oben mit ebenfalls ausserhalb des Rauchgaszuges angeordneten Sammlern 21 verbunden sind.The tube walls 6 and the walls of the funnel 7 are formed from gas-tight welded tubes 10, which serve as evaporator heating surfaces. In the flue gas duct 3 touch heating surfaces 12, 13 and 14 are suspended, of which the heating surface 14 can be formed from a plurality of tabular, vertical bulkhead heating surfaces. In order to prevent the sections of the evaporator tube walls 6 that extend over the flue gas duct 3 from absorbing too much heat, superheater tube walls 18 are arranged in front of them on the flue gas side. These four superheater tube walls 18 consist of a narrow grid of vertical tubes which are connected at the bottom to distributors 20 arranged outside the flue gas duct and at the top to collectors 21 also arranged outside the flue gas duct.

Ueber die Höhe der Brennkammer 2 sind die parallelen Verdampferrohre 10 über Stege 24 miteinander verschweisst. An der Grenze von der Brennkammer 2 zum Rauchgaszug 3 sind jeweils zwei benachbarte Verdampferrohre 10 über Gabelstücke 26 zu einem neuen Verdampferrohr 27 zusammengeführt. Zwischen benachbarten Verdampferrohren 27 erstrecken sich breitere Stege 28, so dass die Verdampferrohre 10 und 27 mit den Stegen 24 bzw. 28 zusammen dichte, sogenannte Membranwände bilden. Im untersten Zwickel der Stege 28 durchstossen Rohrbögen 30, die an Gabelstücke 31 angeschlossen sind, die Verdampferrohrwand 6. An den Gabelstücken 31 sind vertikale Flossenrohre 32 angeschweisst, die die Ueberhitzerrohrwand 18 bilden. Die Flossen 33 benachbarter Flossenrohre 32 haben nur geringen Abstand a, durch den praktisch keine Wärmestrahlung auf die dahinterliegende Verdampferrohrwand fällt.The parallel evaporator tubes 10 are welded to one another via webs 24 via the height of the combustion chamber 2. At the boundary from the combustion chamber 2 to the flue gas duct 3, two adjacent evaporator tubes 10 are joined together via fork pieces 26 to form a new evaporator tube 27. Wider webs 28 extend between adjacent evaporator tubes 27, so that the evaporator tubes 10 and 27 form tight, so-called membrane walls together with the webs 24 and 28, respectively. In the bottom gusset of the webs 28, pipe bends 30, which are connected to fork pieces 31, penetrate the evaporator tube wall 6. Vertical fin tubes 32, which form the superheater tube wall 18, are welded onto the fork pieces 31. The fins 33 of adjacent fin tubes 32 are only a short distance a, through which practically no heat radiation falls on the evaporator tube wall located behind them.

Die Flossenrohre 32 sind über ihre Höhe an mehreren Stellen durch Rückhaltelemente an den Stegen 28 der Verdampferrohrwand befestigt. Gemäss Fig. 4 und 5 sind zu diesem Zweck an der Rückseite der Flossenrohre 32 Haken 35 angeschweisst, die in je einen Schlitz 36 der Stege 28 eingehängt sind. Zum Abdichten sind die Schlitze 36 und die Haken 35 durch auf der Aussenseite der Verdampferrohrwand 6 dicht angeschweisste Kasten 40 überdeckt.The fin tubes 32 are fastened in several places over their height by retaining elements to the webs 28 of the evaporator tube wall. 4 and 5 for this purpose 32 hooks 35 are welded to the back of the fin tubes, which are each suspended in a slot 36 of the webs 28. For sealing, the slots 36 and the hooks 35 are covered by a box 40 which is tightly welded onto the outside of the evaporator tube wall 6.

Gemäss Fig. 6 und 7 münden im Bereich des oberen Endes der Ueberhitzerrohrwand jeweils zwei benachbarte Flossenrohre 32 in ein Gabelstück 42 ein, an das ein Rohrbogen 43 anschliesst. Dieser Rohrbogen 43 durchdringt mit seinem horizontalen Schenkel 44 ein am Steg 28 vorgesehenes Langloch 46. Zum Abdichten sind beidseits des Steges 28 je eine innere Abdeckzunge 48 und eine äussere Abdeckzunge 49 so am Schenkel 44 angeschweisst, dass sich dieser, unterschiedlicher Wärmedehnung der Flossenrohre 32 und der Verdampferrohre 27 folgend, im Langloch 46 verschieben kann und die Zungen dabei stets das Langloch überdecken.6 and 7, in the area of the upper end of the superheater tube wall, two adjacent fin tubes 32 each open into a fork piece 42, to which a tube elbow 43 connects. This elbow 43 penetrates with its horizontal leg 44 has an elongated hole 46 provided on the web 28. For sealing purposes, an inner cover tongue 48 and an outer cover tongue 49 are welded to the leg 44 on both sides of the web 28 such that this follows different thermal expansion of the fin tubes 32 and the evaporator tubes 27, can move in slot 46 and the tongues always cover the slot.

Die Abdeckzungen 48 und 49 gewähren keine vollkommene Dichtung. Es kann daher zweckmässig sein, auf der Aussenseite der Verdampferrohrwand diese über nicht gezeichnete, vertikale Verschiebungen zulassende Bälge mit den Schenkeln 44 zu verbinden.The cover tabs 48 and 49 do not provide a perfect seal. It may therefore be expedient to connect the bellows to the legs 44 on the outside of the evaporator tube wall by means of bellows (not shown) which permit vertical displacements.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 2 bis 7 besteht die Möglichkeit, dass bei ungleicher Verteilung des Dampfstromes auf zwei durch ein Gabelstück 31 miteinander verbundene Flossenrohre 32 die darin fliessenden Dampfströme sich ungleich erhitzen, was bei der festen Verbindung durch die Gabelstücke 42 zu Wärmespannungen führen könnte. Dies lässt sich bei der Lösung nach Fig. 8 vermeiden bei der die jeweils von einem Gabelstück 31 ausgehenden Rohre getrennt über untereinander angeordnete Langlöcher 46 durch die Verdampferrohrwand hindurchgeführt werden. Die Langlöcher 46 sind auch hier durch Abdeckzungen 48 und 49 überdeckt.In the embodiment according to FIGS. 2 to 7, there is the possibility that if the steam flow is distributed unevenly on two fin tubes 32 connected to one another by a fork piece 31, the steam flows flowing therein will heat up unevenly, which could lead to thermal stresses when the fork pieces 42 are connected firmly . This can be avoided in the solution according to FIG. 8, in which the tubes emanating in each case from a fork piece 31 are passed through the evaporator tube wall separately via elongated holes 46 arranged one below the other. The elongated holes 46 are also covered here by cover tongues 48 and 49.

Claims (8)

1. A steam generator comprising a combustion chamber (2) and a smoke gas flue (3) adjoining the upper end thereof, the combustion chamber and smoke gas flue walls (6) being formed from evaporator tubes (10, 27) and a superheater tube wall (18) formed from vertical tubes (32) being mounted in front of the evaporator tube walls of the smoke gas flue (3), the evaporator tubes (10, 27) forking together in pairs just beneath the superheater tube wall (18) and the bottom ends of the tubes (32) of the superheater tube wall (18) forking apart in pairs, means (46, 48) for compensating for different expansions between the tubes (32) of the superheater tube wall and the evaporator tubes (10, 27) being provided in the upper portion of the superheater tube wall (18), characterised in that the evaporator tubes (10, 27) of the walls (6) of the combustion chamber (2) and of the smoke gas flue (3) are welded together to be gas-tight, the welded connection of the evaporator tubes (10, 27) being made by way of webs (24, 28) at least in the smoke gas flue (3), the tubes (32) of the superheater tube wall (18) penetrating the evaporator tube walls at the webs (24, 28) before they fork apart and being welded in sealing-tight relationship to the webs at these points of penetration, the top ends of the tubes of the superheater tube wall (18) also penetrate the evaporator tube walls (6) at the webs (28), and the means for compensating for different expansions consist of sliding seals disposed in the penetration zone of the top tube ends of the superheater tube wall (18).
2. A steam generator according to claim 1, characterised in that in order to form the sliding seals the webs (28) are each formed with a slot (46) and a cover tongue (48) covering the slot is fixed on each tube (32) of the superheater tube wall (18).
3. A steam generator according to claim 2, characterised in that two cover tongues (48, 49) are fixed on each tube (32) of the superheater tube wall (18), the distance between the tongues being equal to the web thickness.
4. A steam generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the top ends of the tubes (32) of the superheater tube wall (18) are forked together in pairs before they penetrate the webs (28) of the evaporator tube walls (6).
5. A steam generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the top ends of the tubes (32) of the superheater tube wall (18) alternately penetrate the evaporator tube walls (6) at two different levels.
6. A steam generator according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterised in that the penetration points of the top ends of the tubes (32) of the superheater tube wall (18) are rendered gas-tight by additional bellows seals disposed on the outside of the evaporator tube walls (6).
7. A steam generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the tubes (32) of the superheater tube wall (18) are constructed as finned tubes.
8. A steam generator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that retaining elements are provided which are distributed over the height of the superheater tube wall (18) and are constructed in the form of hooks (35) engaging in slots (36) in the webs (24, 28) between the evaporator tubes (10, 27) and the slots (36) are covered on the outside of the evaporator tube walls (6) by boxes (40) so as to be gas-tight.
EP81108053A 1981-09-15 1981-10-08 Steam generator with a superheater tubular wall Expired EP0075041B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH594381 1981-09-15
CH5943/81 1981-09-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0075041A1 EP0075041A1 (en) 1983-03-30
EP0075041B1 true EP0075041B1 (en) 1986-03-05

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EP81108053A Expired EP0075041B1 (en) 1981-09-15 1981-10-08 Steam generator with a superheater tubular wall

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US (1) US4418652A (en)
EP (1) EP0075041B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5869301A (en)
CA (1) CA1186577A (en)
DE (1) DE3173990D1 (en)
FI (1) FI70315C (en)

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Publication number Publication date
CA1186577A (en) 1985-05-07
JPS5869301A (en) 1983-04-25
FI70315B (en) 1986-02-28
US4418652A (en) 1983-12-06
FI822754L (en) 1983-03-16
DE3173990D1 (en) 1986-04-10
FI70315C (en) 1986-09-15
FI822754A0 (en) 1982-08-06
EP0075041A1 (en) 1983-03-30

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