EP0073948A2 - Water-impermeable humidity conductive textile material - Google Patents

Water-impermeable humidity conductive textile material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0073948A2
EP0073948A2 EP82107310A EP82107310A EP0073948A2 EP 0073948 A2 EP0073948 A2 EP 0073948A2 EP 82107310 A EP82107310 A EP 82107310A EP 82107310 A EP82107310 A EP 82107310A EP 0073948 A2 EP0073948 A2 EP 0073948A2
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Prior art keywords
textile material
material according
coating
textile
hydrophilic
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0073948A3 (en
EP0073948B1 (en
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Hubert von Blücher
Hasso von Blücher
Ernest Dr. De Ruiter
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06N3/06—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with polyvinylchloride or its copolymerisation products
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06N3/06—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with polyvinylchloride or its copolymerisation products
    • D06N3/08—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with polyvinylchloride or its copolymerisation products with a finishing layer consisting of polyacrylates, polyamides or polyurethanes or polyester
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
    • D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a waterproof moisture-conducting textile material.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a textile material that is water and possibly also airtight, but at the same time is able to store a considerable amount of moisture initially, but also to transport and in the form of water vapor on both sides again to deliver.
  • a storage effect of clothing is desirable because sweat production is not evenly distributed over time. Therefore, the textile material of the clothing must be able to absorb a short-term excess production of moisture, which cannot be discharged quickly enough, like a "buffer". It is also important that this buffer effect, which has a favorable influence on the wearing comfort, is achieved in connection with the moisture transport in such a way that the mechanical properties of the textile material meet high requirements.
  • this object is achieved by a waterproof moisture-conducting textile material which consists of a water vapor-permeable textile carrier which is sealed with a closed layer of a hydrophilic polymer.
  • the sealing layer is in particular a foam coating, which can also be compressed.
  • foam coating and the subsequent compression are common procedures in textile equipment.
  • Other possibilities are a foam coating with an additional coating, as well as a coating that can be applied as a paste, solution, dispersion or melt.
  • the textile backing can have the structure of a woven or knitted fabric, but also a fleece or a so-called nonwoven material. It can be made from natural fibers such as cotton, wool or silk as well as synthetic fibers based on polyesters, polyamides, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethanes, polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride, aramids or even mineral fibers such as glass fibers or carbon fibers. It is not important whether the textile backing itself is hydrophobic or hydrophilic, but what matters most is that it is permeable to water vapor. In the case of a very dense, only slightly air-permeable textile fabric, the own hydrophilicity of the fibers can also contribute, while a hydrophobic textile carrier should be sufficiently open to be sufficiently permeable to water vapor in this way.
  • the water vapor-permeable textile carrier is sealed by applying a closed layer of a hydrophilic polymer.
  • Suitable hydrophilic polymers are known or can be prepared or mixed together by the textile chemist from conventional components. In any case, the property of absorbing water vapor at places with high partial pressure, a migration of the water molecules in the layer to places with a lower partial pressure and the release on the surface in the form of water vapor is possible because sufficient hydrophilic groups are present in the closed layer , in particular hydroxyl ether amine or carboxyl groups are contained.
  • hydrophilic groups can be produced with hydrophilic monomers due to the copolymerization or co-condensation of monomers which cause chain formation or crosslinking, or polymers with a very high water absorption capacity are processed together with polymers which have other desired properties, but not or only very little are hydrophilic.
  • Monomers with hydrophilic groups are, for example, hydroxyalkyl acrylates or the acrylic and methacrylic acid esters of polyalkylene oxides or polyalkyleneimides. Such acrylic or methacrylic acid derivatives can then be copolymerized with the acrylic or methacrylic acid esters forming the base polymer and crosslinkable monomers. Dispersions of such hydrophilic resins are known for example from DE-OS 27 49 386.
  • the commercial product Plextol 4871D from Röhm GmbH is also suitable for a sealing moisture-conducting coating, but also modified vinyl alcohol resins or cellulose regenerates.
  • copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate in which the acetate groups have been hydrolyzed to OH groups or polyurethanes with an excess of OH or NH and NH 2 groups.
  • hydrophilic monomers can be copolymerized, it is also possible to blend dispersions made from them with dispersions whose properties are desired for other reasons.
  • polyurethanes have very good mechanical properties and polyvinyl chloride improves flame retardancy.
  • a polyvinyl chloride with built-in monomers with strongly hydrophilic groups can also be used, for example.
  • the desired properties can also be obtained by using starting materials which have sufficient hydrophilic groups, in particular ether or imine groups.
  • Test trials can easily determine whether a coating meets the requirements of the invention with regard to moisture absorption and moisture conduction.
  • the coatings according to the invention should expediently be able to store 200 to 400% of their weight in moisture and the water vapor permeability should be at least 500 g / 24 hxm 2 according to DIN 53122.
  • the B can eschich- tung also conventional additives such as dyes, adhesion promoters, antioxidants, antistatic agents, pigments, heat stabilizers, fillers, etc. included.
  • the coating is usually applied as a dispersion or as a foam, which can still be compressed subsequently, in an amount of 5 to 500 g / m 2 , calculated as a dry coating. If importance is attached to the fact that the coating is also airtight and accordingly a dense, only slightly air-permeable textile fabric, in particular fabric, is selected as the carrier, then a dry coating over 50 g / m 2 is recommended. For many purposes, in particular in connection with a not very dense and air-permeable fabric as a carrier, a very light coating with the hydrophilic polymer, which is still air-permeable, can also be very useful.
  • These thin coatings can be obtained by scraping them on according to a dry coating of 5 to 50, in particular 10 to 30 g / m 2 . It has been shown, for example, that such a waterproof, still more or less air-permeable, but in any case moisture-conducting textile material is very suitable for permeable, ie breathable ABC protective suits. These usually contain an outer layer and a filter layer underneath, but the gaseous warfare agent does not adequately adsorb liquid. It is therefore one of the functions of the outer layer to keep liquid weaponry away from the filter layer. For this purpose, oleophobic equipment is used, for example.
  • the water vapor-permeable coating is also suitable as a binding member for laminating textile fabrics together, so that a further layer of a water vapor-resistant! permeable textile fabric is applied. In this way, double substances are obtained which, if desired, can be additionally hydrophobicized on the outside.
  • the textile backing can be provided not only on one side but also on both sides with the sealing layer of a hydrophilic polymer.
  • Materials with a specific protective effect e.g. Lead sulfate as radiation protection, activated carbon as protection against warfare agents, antimony trioxide and halogenated aromatic compounds as flame retardant equipment. It is also possible to apply such or other materials with a specific protective effect to the coating.
  • the coating also serves as a binder for these materials with a specific protective effect.
  • an open-pore hydrophobization on the outside of the material which does not impair the water vapor permeability, is recommended when it is used later; this can be both the textile support and the laminated material or the sealing layer.
  • the water repellency has a water-repellent effect only for a short time, since when viewed enlarged it is applied in a punctiform manner or in the form of nests, the water absorption of the sealing layer according to the invention still causes a strong swelling of the coating, which further enhances the sealing effect.
  • This is particularly advantageous in cases where the tightness plays a role, such as the distress rescue suit for pilots.
  • This must be normally portable but also waterproof in an emergency in order to protect pilots who jump over cold water against the ingress of water and thus the risk of hypothermia for a certain period of time.
  • Other examples are protective suits for various areas of application, such as ABC protective suits, protective suits for civil protection or protective suits for (nuclear) power plants.
  • the water vapor permeable coating can act as a barrier against water, dust and gases.
  • the aforementioned water-vapor-permeable double fabrics according to the invention are suitable for high-quality rainwear with good wearing comfort, sleeping bags, sportswear and the like.
  • a cotton twill (1) with a basis weight of 140 g / m 2 was coated with an acrylate foam (2) from Röhm GmbH (test product 6533/15) with a foam weight of 300 g / 1 (Fig. 1).
  • the dry edition was 35 g / m 2 .
  • the water column according to DIN 35886 was more than 100 mm and the water vapor permeability according to DIN 53122 was more than 1000 g / 24 h -m 2 .
  • Example 3 The procedure was as in Example 1, with the difference that the dry coating was 300 g / m 2 and contained 50% by weight of finely powdered lead sulfate (3) (FIG. 3). Such a material is particularly suitable as radiation protection.
  • Example 4 The procedure was as in Example 1, with the difference that the wet acrylate foam (2) was sprinkled with fine-grained activated carbon (4). The coal (4) was then pressed on, then dried and the acrylate foam (2) condensed (FIG. 4).
  • Such a waterproof, moisture-conducting textile material is suitable as a C protection (chemical warfare agents).
  • Example 2 After a coated fabric web (1, 2) had been produced as in Example 1, an acrylate dispersion (7) (dry layer 10 g / m 2 ) was applied to the coated side (6) again and a second fabric web (8) was pressed on (Fig 5). After the condensation was hot calendered. The water vapor permeability was about 1000 g / 24 h. m 2. Such a double fabric is good rain protection or a good material for sportswear, especially after subsequent hydrophobing.
  • a cotton twill was coated according to Example 1, but with the difference that a dispersion of self-crosslinking polyvinyl alcohol, which had been blended with 40% of a dispersion of a soft polyurethane, was used.
  • the water vapor permeability was somewhat lower than in Example 1, but many times higher than in known products.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)

Abstract

1. Waterproof, moisture-conducting textile material made of a water vapour-permeable textile base which is coated with a hydrophilic polymer, characterized in that the hydrophilic polymer is a hydrophilic acrylic resin applied as a dispersion with sufficient hydroxyl, ether, amine or carboxyl groups, in order to give a coating with a water vapour permeability of at least 500 g/24 h m**2 to DIN 53 122 which can hold 200-400 % of its weight in moisture.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein wasserdichtes feuchtigkeitsleitendes Textilmaterial.The invention relates to a waterproof moisture-conducting textile material.

Der wirksamste Weg, überschüssige Körperwärme abzugeben, ist beim Menschen die Verdunstung von Wasser, die normalerweise bereits in der Haut geschieht, die dabei trocken bleibt. Dieser Mechanismus funktioniert aber nur, wenn der produzierte Wasserdampf abtransportiert werden kann. Hieraus folgt, daß die Fähigkeit einer Kleidung, Wasserdampf hindurchzulassen, für das Wohlbefinden des Trägers maßgebend ist. Normalerweise wird diese Eigenschaft der Kleidung durch eine mehr oder weniger hohe Luftdurchlässigkeit erreicht und so entstand der im Grunde irreführende Begriff der Atmungsaktivität, weil es keine Hautatmung gibt, sondern lediglich die Feuchtigkeit nach außen abgegeben werden muß.The most effective way to release excess body heat in humans is through the evaporation of water, which usually already happens in the skin, which remains dry. However, this mechanism only works if the water vapor produced can be removed. It follows that the ability of clothing to allow water vapor to pass through is critical to the wellbeing of the wearer. Normally, this property of clothing is achieved through a more or less high air permeability and so the basically misleading term of breathability came about because there is no skin breathing, only the moisture has to be released to the outside.

Es gibt Fälle, und zwar besonders im Bereich der Schutzbekleidung, wie Wetterschutz, Arbeitsschutz und für militärische Zwecke, aber auch im Freizeitsektor, z.B. bei Anoraks, Zelten, Schlafsäcken, in denen neben der Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit eine mehr oder weniger ausgeprägte Dichtigkeit gegen Wasser oder Luft verlangt wird. Es wurde versucht in Beschichtungen, die normalerweise wasserdampfundurchlässig sind, hydrophile Quellkörper, z.B. auf Stärkebasis, einzuarbeiten. Der wesentliche Effekt war jedoch eine Minderung der mechanischen Eigenschaften der Beschichtung. Es wurde auch versucht, Gewebe auf eine mikroporöse Folie, z.B. aus Polytetrafluoräthylen, aufzukaschieren. Auch diese Produkte haben ihre Schwächen. Die Herstellung ist zudem kompliziert und extrem teuer.There are cases, particularly in the field of protective clothing, such as weather protection, occupational safety and for military purposes, but also in the leisure sector, e.g. for anoraks, tents, sleeping bags in which, in addition to permeability to water vapor, a more or less pronounced seal against water or air is required. Attempts have been made to make hydrophilic swelling bodies, e.g. based on starch. However, the main effect was a reduction in the mechanical properties of the coating. Attempts have also been made to place tissue on a microporous film, e.g. made of polytetrafluoroethylene. These products also have their weaknesses. The manufacture is also complicated and extremely expensive.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Textilmaterial zu schaffen, das zwar wasser- und ggf. auch luftdicht, aber zugleich in der Lage ist, eine beträchtliche Menge Feuchtigkeit zunächst zu speichern, aber auch zu transportieren und in Form von Wasserdampf auf beiden Seiten wieder abzugeben. Eine solche Speicherwirkung der Bekleidung ist erwünscht, weil die Schweißproduktion nicht gleichmässig über die Zeit verteilt ist. Deshalb muß das-Textilmaterial der Bekleidung eine kurzzeitige Überproduktion an Feuchtigkeit, die nicht schnell genug nach außen abgeleitet werden kann, wie ein "Puffer" aufnehmen können. Wesentlich ist ferner, daß diese den Tragekomfort günstig beeinflussende Pufferwirkung verbunden mit dem Feuchtigkeitstransport in einer Weise erzielt wird, daß die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Textilmaterials hohen Anforderungen genü÷ gen. Für bestimmte Zwecke sollte es ferner möglich sein, mit den genannten Eigenschaften eine spezifische Schutzwirkung z.B. gegen aggressive Chemikalien, Bakterien oder Strahlen zu verbinden.The invention has for its object to provide a textile material that is water and possibly also airtight, but at the same time is able to store a considerable amount of moisture initially, but also to transport and in the form of water vapor on both sides again to deliver. Such a storage effect of clothing is desirable because sweat production is not evenly distributed over time. Therefore, the textile material of the clothing must be able to absorb a short-term excess production of moisture, which cannot be discharged quickly enough, like a "buffer". It is also important that this buffer effect, which has a favorable influence on the wearing comfort, is achieved in connection with the moisture transport in such a way that the mechanical properties of the textile material meet high requirements. For certain purposes, it should also be possible to use the properties mentioned to provide a specific protective effect, e.g. against aggressive chemicals, bacteria or radiation.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein wasserdichtes feuchtigkeitsleitendes Textilmaterial gelöst, das aus einem wasserdampfdurchlässigen textilen Träger besteht, der mit einer geschlossenen Schicht eines hydrophilen Polymeren abgedichtet ist.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a waterproof moisture-conducting textile material which consists of a water vapor-permeable textile carrier which is sealed with a closed layer of a hydrophilic polymer.

Die abdichtende Schicht ist insbesondere eine Schaumbeschichtung, die zusätzlich noch komprimiert sein kann. Eine solche Schaumbeschichtung und das anschließende Komprimieren sind in der Textilausrüstung übliche Arbeitsweisen. Weitere Möglichkeiten sind eine Schaumbeschichtung mit einer zusätzlichen Beschichtung, sowie eine Beschichtung, die als Paste, Lösung, Dispersion oder Schmelze aufgetragen werden kann.The sealing layer is in particular a foam coating, which can also be compressed. Such a foam coating and the subsequent compression are common procedures in textile equipment. Other possibilities are a foam coating with an additional coating, as well as a coating that can be applied as a paste, solution, dispersion or melt.

Der textile Träger kann die Struktur eines Gewebes oder Gewirkes aber auch eines Vlieses bzw. eines sogenannten nonwoven Materials haben. Er kann sowohl aus Naturfasern, wie Baumwolle, Wolle oder Seide als auch aus synthetischen Fasern auf Basis von Polyestern, Polyamiden, Polyacrylnitril, Polyurethanen, Polyolefinen, Polyvinylchlorid, Aramiden oder sogar mineralischen Fasern, wie Glasfasern oder Kohlenstoffasern hergestellt sein. Es ist nicht entscheidend, ob der textile Träger selbst hydrophob oder hydrophil ist, sondern es kommt vorwiegend darauf an, daß er wasserdampfdurchlässig ist. Dazu kann bei einem sehr dichten nur noch wenig luftdurchlässigen textilen Flächengebilde auch die eigene Hydrophilität der Fasern beitragen, während ein hydrophober textiler Träger genügend offen sein sollte, um auf diese Weise ausreichend wasserdampfdurchlässig zu sein.The textile backing can have the structure of a woven or knitted fabric, but also a fleece or a so-called nonwoven material. It can be made from natural fibers such as cotton, wool or silk as well as synthetic fibers based on polyesters, polyamides, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethanes, polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride, aramids or even mineral fibers such as glass fibers or carbon fibers. It is not important whether the textile backing itself is hydrophobic or hydrophilic, but what matters most is that it is permeable to water vapor. In the case of a very dense, only slightly air-permeable textile fabric, the own hydrophilicity of the fibers can also contribute, while a hydrophobic textile carrier should be sufficiently open to be sufficiently permeable to water vapor in this way.

Die gewünschte Abdichtung des wasserdampfdurchlässigen textilen Trägers erfolgt durch Aufbringen einer geschlossenen Schicht eines hydrophilen Polymeren. Geeignete hydrophile Polymere sind bekannt oder können von dem Textil-Chemiker aus üblichen Komponenten hergestellt bzw. zusammengemischt werden. In jedem Fall kommt die Eigenschaft, Wasserdampf an Stellen mit hohem Partialdruck aufzunehmen, eine Wanderung der Wassermoleküle in der Schicht zu Stellen mit geringerem Partialdruck und die Abgabe an der Oberfläche in Form von Wasserdampf zu ermöglichen dadurch zustande, daß in der geschlossenen Schicht genügend hydrophile Gruppen, insbesondere Hydroxyl-Äther-Amin oder Carboxylgruppen enthalten sind. Diese hydrophilen Gruppen können aufgrund einer Copolymerisation oder Cokondensation von Monomeren, die die Kettenbildung bzw. die Vernetzung bewirken, mit hydrophilen Monomeren hergestellt werden oder man verarbeitet Polymerisate mit sehr hohem Wasseraufnahmevermögen zusammen mit Polymeren, die andere gewünschte Eigenschaften mitbringen, aber selbst nicht oder nur wenig hydrophil sind.The water vapor-permeable textile carrier is sealed by applying a closed layer of a hydrophilic polymer. Suitable hydrophilic polymers are known or can be prepared or mixed together by the textile chemist from conventional components. In any case, the property of absorbing water vapor at places with high partial pressure, a migration of the water molecules in the layer to places with a lower partial pressure and the release on the surface in the form of water vapor is possible because sufficient hydrophilic groups are present in the closed layer , in particular hydroxyl ether amine or carboxyl groups are contained. These hydrophilic groups can be produced with hydrophilic monomers due to the copolymerization or co-condensation of monomers which cause chain formation or crosslinking, or polymers with a very high water absorption capacity are processed together with polymers which have other desired properties, but not or only very little are hydrophilic.

Monomere mit hydrophilen Gruppen sind beispielsweise Hydroxyalkylacrylate oder die Acryl- und Methacrylsäureester von Polyalkylenoxiden oder Polyalkylenimiden. Solche Acryl-oder Methacrylsäurederivate können dann mit dem das Basispolymerisat bildenden Acryl- bzw. Methacrylsäureestern und vernetzungsfähigen Monomeren copolymerisiert werden. Dispersionen derartiger hydrophiler Harze sind beispielsweise aus der DE-OS 27 49 386 bekannt. Geeignet ist ferner das Handelsprodukt Plextol 4871D der Firma Röhm GmbH für eine abdichtende feuchtigkeitsleitende Beschichtung aber auch modifizierte Vinylalkoholharze oder Celluloseregenerate. Weiterhin geeignet sind Copolymerisate aus Vinylchlorid und Vinylacetat, bei welchem die Acetatgruppen zu OH-Gruppen hydrolisiert wurden, bzw. Polyurethane mit Überschuß an OH- bzw. NH- und NH2-Gruppen. Ebenso wie die hydrophilen Monomeren copolymerisiert werden können, ist es auch möglich, daraus hergestellte Dispersionen mit Dispersionen zu verschneiden, deren Eigenschaften aus anderen Gründen erwünscht sind..Beispielsweise haben Polyurethane sehr gute mechanische Eigenschaften und Polyvinylchlorid verbessert den Flammschutz. Brauchbar ist z.B. auch ein Polyvinylchlorid mit eingebauten Monomeren mit stark hydrophilen Gruppen. Bei den Polyurethanen kann man die gewünschten Eigenschaften auch durch die Verwendung von Ausgangsstoffen erhalten, die genügend hydrophile Gruppen, insbesondere Äther- oder Imingruppen, haben.Monomers with hydrophilic groups are, for example, hydroxyalkyl acrylates or the acrylic and methacrylic acid esters of polyalkylene oxides or polyalkyleneimides. Such acrylic or methacrylic acid derivatives can then be copolymerized with the acrylic or methacrylic acid esters forming the base polymer and crosslinkable monomers. Dispersions of such hydrophilic resins are known for example from DE-OS 27 49 386. The commercial product Plextol 4871D from Röhm GmbH is also suitable for a sealing moisture-conducting coating, but also modified vinyl alcohol resins or cellulose regenerates. Also suitable are copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate in which the acetate groups have been hydrolyzed to OH groups, or polyurethanes with an excess of OH or NH and NH 2 groups. Just as the hydrophilic monomers can be copolymerized, it is also possible to blend dispersions made from them with dispersions whose properties are desired for other reasons. For example, polyurethanes have very good mechanical properties and polyvinyl chloride improves flame retardancy. A polyvinyl chloride with built-in monomers with strongly hydrophilic groups can also be used, for example. In the case of polyurethanes, the desired properties can also be obtained by using starting materials which have sufficient hydrophilic groups, in particular ether or imine groups.

Ob eine Beschichtung den Anforderungen der Erfindung hinsichtlich der Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme und der Feuchtigkeitsleitung genügt, kann durch Testversuche leicht festge- 1 stellt werden. Die erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungen sollten zweckmäßigerweise 200 bis 400 % ihres Gewichtes an Feuchtigkeit speichern können und die Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit sollte mindestens 500 g/24 h x m2 nach DIN 53122 betragen. Sofern diese Bedingung gewahrt bleibt, kann die Beschich- tung auch übliche Zusätze wie Farbstoffe, Haftverbesserungsmittel, Antioxydantien, antistatische Mittel, Pigmente, Hitzestabilisatoren, Füllstoffe etc. enthalten.Test trials can easily determine whether a coating meets the requirements of the invention with regard to moisture absorption and moisture conduction. The coatings according to the invention should expediently be able to store 200 to 400% of their weight in moisture and the water vapor permeability should be at least 500 g / 24 hxm 2 according to DIN 53122. Provided they respect this condition, the B can eschich- tung also conventional additives such as dyes, adhesion promoters, antioxidants, antistatic agents, pigments, heat stabilizers, fillers, etc. included.

Die Beschichtung wird üblicherweise als Dispersion oder als Schaum, der noch nachträglich komprimiert werden kann, in einer Menge von 5 bis 500 g/m2, gerechnet als Trockenauflage, aufgetragen. Wenn Wert darauf gelegt wird, daß die Beschichtung auch luftdicht ist und als Träger dementsprechend ein dichtes, nur wenig luftdurchlässiges textiles Flächengebilde, insbesondere Gewebe, gewählt wird, dann empfiehlt sich eine Trockenauflage über 50 g/m2. Für viele Zwecke, insbesondere in Verbindung mit einem nicht sehr dichten und luftdurchlässigen Gewebe als Träger,: kann auch eine sehr leichte Beschichtung mit dem hydrophilen Polymeren, die noch luftdurchlässig ist, sehr zweckmäßig sein. Diese dünnen Beschichtungen lassen sich durch Aufkratzen entsprechend einer Trockenauflage von 5 bis 50, insbesondere 10 bis 30 g/m2 erhalten. Es hat sich beispielsweise gezeigt, daß ein solches wasserdichtes, noch mehr oder minder luftdurchlässiges, in jedem Fall aber feuchtigkeitsleitendes Textilmaterial sich sehr gut für permeable, d.h. atmungsaktive ABC-Schutzanzüge eignet. Diese enthalten in der Regel eine äußere Schicht und eine darunter liegende Filterschicht, die gasförmigen Kampfstoff adsorbiert aber flüssigen nur unzureichend. Es ist deshalb eine der Funktionen der Außenschicht, flüssigen Kampfstoff von der Filterschicht fernzuhalten. Zu diesem Zweck werden zum Beispiel oleophobe Ausrüstungen eingesetzt. Aus größerer Höhe fallende Kampfstofftropfen, wie sie zum Beispiel durch Auflösen eines Aerosols entstehen, bzw. bei Sprühangriffen vorliegen, können infolge ihrer kinetischen Energie die Außenschicht durchdringen und die Filterschicht benetzen. In diesem Fall kommt es zu einem Durchbruch durch die örtlich überforderte Filterschicht. Es hat sich nun gezeigt, daß schon durch die erwähnte dünne Beschichtung mit dem hydrophilen Polymeren, die die Luftdurchlässigkeit des Gewebes nur etwas vermindert aber auf jeden Fall wasserdampfdurchlässig ist, das Durchschlagen der Kampfstofftropfen verhindert werden kann, ohne daß die Trageeigenschaften der Schutzanzüge merklich beeinträchtigt werden.The coating is usually applied as a dispersion or as a foam, which can still be compressed subsequently, in an amount of 5 to 500 g / m 2 , calculated as a dry coating. If importance is attached to the fact that the coating is also airtight and accordingly a dense, only slightly air-permeable textile fabric, in particular fabric, is selected as the carrier, then a dry coating over 50 g / m 2 is recommended. For many purposes, in particular in connection with a not very dense and air-permeable fabric as a carrier, a very light coating with the hydrophilic polymer, which is still air-permeable, can also be very useful. These thin coatings can be obtained by scraping them on according to a dry coating of 5 to 50, in particular 10 to 30 g / m 2 . It has been shown, for example, that such a waterproof, still more or less air-permeable, but in any case moisture-conducting textile material is very suitable for permeable, ie breathable ABC protective suits. These usually contain an outer layer and a filter layer underneath, but the gaseous warfare agent does not adequately adsorb liquid. It is therefore one of the functions of the outer layer to keep liquid weaponry away from the filter layer. For this purpose, oleophobic equipment is used, for example. Drops of warfare agents falling from a greater height, such as those caused by the dissolving of an aerosol or by spray attacks, can penetrate the outer layer due to their kinetic energy and wet the filter layer. In this case there is a breakthrough through the locally overwhelmed filter layer. It has now shown that the thin coating with the hydrophilic polymer mentioned, which only slightly reduces the air permeability of the fabric but is in any case permeable to water vapor, can prevent the dropping of the warfare agent droplets without noticeably impairing the wearing properties of the protective suits.

Die wasserdampfdurchlässige Beschichtung eignet.sich auch als bindendes Glied für das Zusammenkaschieren von textilen Flächengebilden, so daß auf die Beschichtung mit dem hydrophilen Polymeren eine weitere Lage eines wasserdampf- ! durchlässigen textilen Flächengebildes aufgebracht ist. Man erhält so Doppelstoffe, die, falls gewünscht, an der , Außenseite noch zusätzlich hydrophobiert werden können.The water vapor-permeable coating is also suitable as a binding member for laminating textile fabrics together, so that a further layer of a water vapor-resistant! permeable textile fabric is applied. In this way, double substances are obtained which, if desired, can be additionally hydrophobicized on the outside.

Gemäß der Erfindung kann der textile Träger nicht nur einseitig,sondern auch beidseitig mit der abdichtenden Schicht eines hydrophilen Polymeren versehen sein.According to the invention, the textile backing can be provided not only on one side but also on both sides with the sealing layer of a hydrophilic polymer.

In die Beschichtung können Materialien mit spezifischer Schutzwirkung, wie z.B. Bleisulfat als Strahlenschutz, Aktivkohle als Schutz gegen Kampfstoffe, Antimontrioxid und halogenierte aromatische Verbindungen als flammhemmende Ausrüstung eingelagert sein. Ebenso ist es möglich, solche oder andere Materialien mit spezifischer Schutzwirkung auf die Beschichtung aufzubringen. Die Beschichtung dient hier also zugleich als Bindemittel für diese Materialien mit spezifischer Schutzwirkung.Materials with a specific protective effect, e.g. Lead sulfate as radiation protection, activated carbon as protection against warfare agents, antimony trioxide and halogenated aromatic compounds as flame retardant equipment. It is also possible to apply such or other materials with a specific protective effect to the coating. The coating also serves as a binder for these materials with a specific protective effect.

Für viele Anwendungszwecke empfiehlt sich eine offenporige, die Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit nicht beeinträchtigende Hydrophobierung auf der Außenseite des Materials bei seiner späteren Verwendung, das kann sowohl der textile Träger als auch der aufkaschierte Stoff oder die abdichtende Schicht sein.For many applications, an open-pore hydrophobization on the outside of the material, which does not impair the water vapor permeability, is recommended when it is used later; this can be both the textile support and the laminated material or the sealing layer.

Während die Hydrophobierung nur kurze Zeit wasserabweisend wirkt, da sie vergrößert betrachtet punktförmig bzw. in Form von Nestern aufgebracht ist, bewirkt die Wasseraufnahme der erfindungsgemäßen abdichtenden Schicht noch eine starke Quellung der Beschichtung durch die die abdichtende Wirkung noch verstärkt wird. Das ist besonders von Vorteil in Fällen, bei denen die Dichtigkeit eine Rolle spielt, beispielsweise dem Seenot-Rettungsanzug für Piloten. Dieser muß einmal normal tragbar sein aber im Ernstfall auch wasserdicht sein, um Piloten, die über kalten Gewässern abspringen, während einer bestimmten Zeit gegen eindringendes Wasser und damit die Unterkühlungsgefahr zu schützen. Das ist einer der Anwendungsfälle, für die sich das erfindungsgemäße wasserdichte, feuchtigkeitsleitende Textilmaterial hervorragend eignet. Andere Beispiele sind Schutzanzüge für verschiedene Einsatzgebiete, wie ABC-Schutzanzüge, Schutzanzüge für den Zivilschutz oder Schutzanzüge für (Kern)kraftwerke. Die wasserdampfdurchlässige Beschichtung kann dabei als Sperre gegen Wasser, Staub und Gase fungieren.While the water repellency has a water-repellent effect only for a short time, since when viewed enlarged it is applied in a punctiform manner or in the form of nests, the water absorption of the sealing layer according to the invention still causes a strong swelling of the coating, which further enhances the sealing effect. This is particularly advantageous in cases where the tightness plays a role, such as the distress rescue suit for pilots. This must be normally portable but also waterproof in an emergency in order to protect pilots who jump over cold water against the ingress of water and thus the risk of hypothermia for a certain period of time. This is one of the applications for which the waterproof, moisture-conducting textile material according to the invention is outstandingly suitable. Other examples are protective suits for various areas of application, such as ABC protective suits, protective suits for civil protection or protective suits for (nuclear) power plants. The water vapor permeable coating can act as a barrier against water, dust and gases.

Die erwähnten wasserdampfdurchlässigen Doppelstoffe gemäß der Erfindung eignen sich für hochwertige Regenbekleidung mit gutem Tragekomfort, Schlafsäcke, Sportbekleidung und dergleichen.The aforementioned water-vapor-permeable double fabrics according to the invention are suitable for high-quality rainwear with good wearing comfort, sleeping bags, sportswear and the like.

Beispiel 1example 1

Ein Baumwoll-Köper (1) mit einem Flächengewicht von 140 g/m2 wurde mit einem Acrylatschaum (2) der Firma Röhm GmbH (Versuchsprodukt 6533/15) mit einem Schaumgewicht von 300 g/1 beschichtet (Fig. 1). Die Trockenauflage betrug 35 g/m2. Nach Trocknung des Schaums wurde dieser komprimiert und nachkondensiert (Fig. 2). Die Wassersäule nach DIN 35886 betrug mehr als 100 mm und die Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit nach DIN 53122 mehr als 1000 g/24 h -m2.A cotton twill (1) with a basis weight of 140 g / m 2 was coated with an acrylate foam (2) from Röhm GmbH (test product 6533/15) with a foam weight of 300 g / 1 (Fig. 1). The dry edition was 35 g / m 2 . After the foam had dried, it was compressed and post-condensed (FIG. 2). The water column according to DIN 35886 was more than 100 mm and the water vapor permeability according to DIN 53122 was more than 1000 g / 24 h -m 2 .

Beispiel 2Example 2

Es wurde wie in Beispiel 1 gearbeitet mit dem Unterschied, daß die Trockenauflage 300 g/m2 betrug und 50 Gew.% feinpulvriges Bleisulfat (3) enthielt (Fig. 3). Ein solches Material eignet sich besonders gut als Strahlenschutz.The procedure was as in Example 1, with the difference that the dry coating was 300 g / m 2 and contained 50% by weight of finely powdered lead sulfate (3) (FIG. 3). Such a material is particularly suitable as radiation protection.

Beispiel 3Example 3

Es wurde wie in Beispiel 1 gearbeitet mit dem Unterschied, daß der nasse Acrylatschaum (2) mit feinkörniger Aktivkohle (4) bestreut wurde. Die Kohle (4) wurde dann angedrückt, anschließend getrocknet und der Acrylatschaum (2) kondensiert (Fig. 4). Ein solches wasserdichtes, feuchtigkeitsleitendes Textilmaterial eignet sich als C-Schutz (chemische Kampfstoffe).The procedure was as in Example 1, with the difference that the wet acrylate foam (2) was sprinkled with fine-grained activated carbon (4). The coal (4) was then pressed on, then dried and the acrylate foam (2) condensed (FIG. 4). Such a waterproof, moisture-conducting textile material is suitable as a C protection (chemical warfare agents).

Beispiel 4Example 4

Nachdem eine beschichtete Gewebebahn (1, 2) wie in Beispiel 1 hergestellt worden war, wurde auf die beschichtete Seite (6) nochmals eine Acrylatdispersion (7) (Trockenauflage 10 g/m2) aufgetragen und eine zweite Gewebebahn (8) angedrückt (Fig. 5). Nach dem Auskondensieren wurde heiß kalandert. Die Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit betrug etwa 1000 g/24 h. m2. Ein solcher Doppelstoff ist insbesondere nach einer anschließenden Hydrophobierung ein guter Regenschutz bzw. ein gutes Material für Sportbekleidung.After a coated fabric web (1, 2) had been produced as in Example 1, an acrylate dispersion (7) (dry layer 10 g / m 2 ) was applied to the coated side (6) again and a second fabric web (8) was pressed on (Fig 5). After the condensation was hot calendered. The water vapor permeability was about 1000 g / 24 h. m 2. Such a double fabric is good rain protection or a good material for sportswear, especially after subsequent hydrophobing.

Beispiel 5Example 5

Entsprechend Beispiel 1 wurde ein Baumwoll-Köper beschichtet, jedoch mit dem Unterschied, daß eine Dispersion aus selbstvernetzendem Polyvinylalkohol, die mit 40 % einer Dispersion eines weichen Polyurethans verschnitten worden war, zum Einsatz kam. Die Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit war etwas geringer als in Beispiel 1, aber um ein Vielfaches höher als bei bekannten Produkten.A cotton twill was coated according to Example 1, but with the difference that a dispersion of self-crosslinking polyvinyl alcohol, which had been blended with 40% of a dispersion of a soft polyurethane, was used. The water vapor permeability was somewhat lower than in Example 1, but many times higher than in known products.

Claims (14)

1. Wasserdichtes feuchtigkeitsleitendes Textilmaterial, gekennzeichnet durch einen wasserdampfdurchlässigen textilen Träger (1), der mit einer geschlossenen Schicht (2) eines hydrophilen Polymeren abgedichtet ist.1. Waterproof moisture-conducting textile material, characterized by a water vapor-permeable textile carrier (1) which is sealed with a closed layer (2) of a hydrophilic polymer. 2. Textilmaterial nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die abdichtende Schicht (2) eine Schaumbeschichtung ist.2. Textile material according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing layer (2) is a foam coating. 3. Textilmaterial nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schaumbeschichtung komprimiert ist.3. Textile material according to claim 2, characterized in that the foam coating is compressed. 4. Textilmaterial nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der textile Träger (1) beidseitig beschichtet ist.4. Textile material according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the textile carrier (1) is coated on both sides. 5. Textilmaterial nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf die Beschichtung (2) mit dem hydrophilen Polymeren eine weitere Lage eines wasserdampfdurchlässigen textilen Flächengebildes (1, 8) aufgebracht ist.5. Textile material according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a further layer of a water vapor-permeable textile fabric (1, 8) is applied to the coating (2) with the hydrophilic polymer. 6. Textilmaterial nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in die Beschichtung (2) Materialien (3, 4) mit spezifischer Schutzwirkung eingelagert sind.6. Textile material according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the coating (2) materials (3, 4) are embedded with a specific protective effect. 7. Textilmaterial nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Materialien (3, 4) mit spezifischer Schutzwirkung auf die Beschichtung (2) aufgebracht sind.7. Textile material according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that materials (3, 4) with a specific protective action are applied to the coating (2). 8. Textilmaterial nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das hydrophile Polymere ein hydrophiles Acrylharz ist.8. Textile material according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the hydrophilic polymer is a hydrophilic acrylic resin. 9. Textilmaterial nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das hydrophile Polymere ein mit Polyvinylchlorid modifiziertes hydrophiles Acrylharz ist.9. Textile material according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the hydrophilic polymer is a hydrophilic acrylic resin modified with polyvinyl chloride. 10. Textilmaterial nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das hydrophile Polymere ein mit einem Polyurethan modifiziertes hydrophiles Acrylharz ist.10. Textile material according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the hydrophilic polymer is a hydrophilic acrylic resin modified with a polyurethane. 11. Textilmaterial nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Polyurethan eine Dispersion oder ein anderes System mit einem Festkörpergehalt von 80 bis 100 % ist.11. Textile material according to claim 10, characterized in that the polyurethane is a dispersion or another system with a solids content of 80 to 100%. 12. Verwendung des Textilmaterials nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 für Schutzbekleidung, insbesondere als Seenot-Rettungsanzug für Piloten.12. Use of the textile material according to one of claims 1 to 11 for protective clothing, in particular as a distress rescue suit for pilots. 13. Verwendung des Textilmaterials nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 für Schlafsäcke.13. Use of the textile material according to one of claims 1 to 11 for sleeping bags. 14. Verwendung des Textilmaterials nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 als Obermaterial für Schuhe.14. Use of the textile material according to one of claims 1 to 11 as an upper material for shoes.
EP82107310A 1981-08-17 1982-08-12 Water-impermeable humidity conductive textile material Expired EP0073948B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT82107310T ATE34787T1 (en) 1981-08-17 1982-08-12 WATERPROOF MOISTURE WICKING TEXTILE MATERIAL.

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DE8123941 1981-08-17

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Cited By (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0084616A2 (en) * 1982-01-14 1983-08-03 Hubert von Blücher Water- and air-impermeable, humidity conductive textile material
EP0398611A1 (en) * 1989-05-18 1990-11-22 Slumberland Holdings Limited Infection barrier
EP0819790A1 (en) * 1996-07-09 1998-01-21 Prof B.V. Cloth structure
GB2350073A (en) * 1999-05-21 2000-11-22 Gore & Ass Coated material
EP1562740A1 (en) * 2002-05-15 2005-08-17 H.H. Brown Shoe Technologies, Inc. Moisture transpiration composite and products therefrom
CN112956761A (en) * 2021-02-23 2021-06-15 海南科颜纳生物科技有限公司 Multi-functional net protective clothing of ventilative waterproof type
CN115122731A (en) * 2022-07-06 2022-09-30 江苏梦吉妮科技集团有限公司 Skin-friendly waterproof moisture-permeable nanofiber fabric and preparation method thereof

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109648932B (en) * 2019-01-18 2020-06-09 安徽工程大学 Efficient quick-drying fabric

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FR1281077A (en) * 1960-02-20 1962-01-08 Goppinger Kaliko Und Kunstlede Moisture-absorbing artificial leather and its preparation process
US3384506A (en) * 1964-05-18 1968-05-21 Thiokol Chemical Corp Hydrophilic urethane compositions and process for preparation of moisture containing breathable fabrics
FR2041200A1 (en) * 1969-04-24 1971-01-29 Teijin Ltd
USB320261I5 (en) * 1969-12-30 1975-01-28
EP0052915A1 (en) * 1980-11-22 1982-06-02 Shirley Institute Breathable, non-porous polyurethane film

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FR1281077A (en) * 1960-02-20 1962-01-08 Goppinger Kaliko Und Kunstlede Moisture-absorbing artificial leather and its preparation process
US3384506A (en) * 1964-05-18 1968-05-21 Thiokol Chemical Corp Hydrophilic urethane compositions and process for preparation of moisture containing breathable fabrics
FR2041200A1 (en) * 1969-04-24 1971-01-29 Teijin Ltd
USB320261I5 (en) * 1969-12-30 1975-01-28
EP0052915A1 (en) * 1980-11-22 1982-06-02 Shirley Institute Breathable, non-porous polyurethane film

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0084616A2 (en) * 1982-01-14 1983-08-03 Hubert von Blücher Water- and air-impermeable, humidity conductive textile material
EP0084616B1 (en) * 1982-01-14 1988-09-21 Hubert von Blücher Water- and air-impermeable, humidity conductive textile material
EP0398611A1 (en) * 1989-05-18 1990-11-22 Slumberland Holdings Limited Infection barrier
WO1990014461A1 (en) * 1989-05-18 1990-11-29 Slumberland Holdings Limited Infection barrier
EP0819790A1 (en) * 1996-07-09 1998-01-21 Prof B.V. Cloth structure
GB2350073A (en) * 1999-05-21 2000-11-22 Gore & Ass Coated material
EP1562740A1 (en) * 2002-05-15 2005-08-17 H.H. Brown Shoe Technologies, Inc. Moisture transpiration composite and products therefrom
EP1562740A4 (en) * 2002-05-15 2009-07-15 Hh Brown Shoe Tech Inc Moisture transpiration composite and products therefrom
CN112956761A (en) * 2021-02-23 2021-06-15 海南科颜纳生物科技有限公司 Multi-functional net protective clothing of ventilative waterproof type
CN115122731A (en) * 2022-07-06 2022-09-30 江苏梦吉妮科技集团有限公司 Skin-friendly waterproof moisture-permeable nanofiber fabric and preparation method thereof

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DE3278572D1 (en) 1988-07-07
EP0073948A3 (en) 1984-12-05
ATE34787T1 (en) 1988-06-15
EP0073948B1 (en) 1988-06-01

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