EP0072072B1 - Dispositif de forage - Google Patents

Dispositif de forage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0072072B1
EP0072072B1 EP82200977A EP82200977A EP0072072B1 EP 0072072 B1 EP0072072 B1 EP 0072072B1 EP 82200977 A EP82200977 A EP 82200977A EP 82200977 A EP82200977 A EP 82200977A EP 0072072 B1 EP0072072 B1 EP 0072072B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting
fact
drilling
disc
rotating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82200977A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0072072A1 (fr
Inventor
Oscar William Kaalstad
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cledisc International BV
Original Assignee
Cledisc International BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cledisc International BV filed Critical Cledisc International BV
Priority to AT82200977T priority Critical patent/ATE19810T1/de
Publication of EP0072072A1 publication Critical patent/EP0072072A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0072072B1 publication Critical patent/EP0072072B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/08—Roller bits
    • E21B10/12—Roller bits with discs cutters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/02—Core bits
    • E21B10/04—Core bits with core destroying means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/02—Core bits
    • E21B10/06—Roller core bits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/28—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with non-expansible roller cutters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
    • E21B10/34—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools of roller-cutter type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E21B17/1057—Centralising devices with rollers or with a relatively rotating sleeve

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a drilling device comprising a drilling head comprising a rotary body axially traversed by a distribution pipe under pressure of air or gas or any other drilling fluid and supporting at least one rotary element of size and at least one feedback element mounted on the rotary body in a position diametrically opposite to that of the cutting element and disposed at a radial distance from the rotary body ensuring the centering of the drilling head.
  • Drilling devices comprising a drilling head provided with three substantially conical or frustoconical cutting elements have been known and used since the 1930s.
  • the three fictitious vertices of the cutting elements coincide with a point on the axis of rotation of the drilling head.
  • the lateral surface of each cone is provided with teeth, the dimensions and sharpening of which depend on the nature of the soil to be drilled.
  • Each cone is mounted on the drilling head so that it rests on the ground along one of its generatrices and the teeth of a cone penetrate into the spaces between teeth of the adjacent cone.
  • the action of three cones on the ground is the same as if it were three rollers with teeth.
  • Each cone is retained radially by an axis on which is mounted a ball bearing retaining the cone axially.
  • US-A-1 124 243 has already proposed the construction of a drilling head provided with a hemispherical disc fixed on an axis almost perpendicular to the axis of the rotating body.
  • the circumference of the disc is provided with means for cutting and profiling the wall while the spherical surface bears against the bottom of the well to break by compression the bottom and the pieces cut by the edge of the disc.
  • the invention aims to allow the production of a drilling device operating under a low stable load, the cutting element being easily mounted to the drilling head and allowing the removal of large pieces of cuttings and able to work in any soil.
  • the drilling device according to the invention is characterized by the characteristic clause of claim 1.
  • the position of the feedback element allows the stabilization of the drilling head which tends to oscillate around the drilling axis and allows to slightly offset the lower point of the cutting surface relative to the axis drilling.
  • the arrangement of the crown allows it to act on the wall to be cut by the largest part of at least one annular surface provided with means for cutting, the action of the crown being to plane the wall and not to compress it to get it disintegrated. There is certainly a slight compression on the part of the crown at the very bottom of the well but it is not essential for the work of the device.
  • the element of the feedback resting on the opposite wall allows the centering of the tool and compensates for the radial reaction of the wall which tends to drive out the crown.
  • the load required for drilling is relatively low, the drilling being obtained by planing and not by compression. A more stable wall is thus obtained.
  • the drilling head is provided with at least two crowns of size spaced axially and arranged alternately on two opposite sides of the rotary body. This head being mainly used to widen the diameter of a previously drilled well, the dimensions of a size crown and / or the length of its axis of rotation are larger than those of the previous crown and smaller than those of the following crown going from the lower end to the upper end of the rotating body.
  • the lower drilling member which serves only as a guide can be a conventional drill bit.
  • the size of the crown may have an approximately frustoconical shape or that of a spherical ring.
  • the cutting crown is driven in rotation independently of the rotation of the rotary body and thus its cutting effect is increased, which allows on the one hand to accelerate the drilling work and on the other side to decrease still the load exerted parallel to the direction of drilling.
  • the feedback element is a roller having an elliptical section perpendicular to the axis of the borehole.
  • the roller is made of deformable material and its lateral surface is made of hard material.
  • a circular section roller mounted on a radially extendable arm can be used.
  • the feedback element is a simple friction surface mounted on a radial arm.
  • the drilling head (fig. 1) comprises a rotary body 1 which is screwed to the end of a rod, not shown, driven in rotation.
  • the upper part of the rotary body 1 has a frustoconical part 2 provided with a thread 3.
  • the body 1 has on its lower part a cylindrical part 4 whose axis diverges downward relative to the axis of rotation of the body 1.
  • a crown 5 is fixed on the cylindrical part 4.
  • the size surface of the crown has a frustoconical shape or, as shown in Figure 1, it is composed of two opposite frustoconical surfaces 6 and 7.
  • the annular surface 7 is provided with means for cutting.
  • the cylindrical part 4 serving as an axis of rotation for the crown 5, is provided with a ball bearing 8 facilitating the rotation of the crown 5.
  • a shoulder 9 of the cylindrical part 4 serves as a thrust bearing for the crown and can also be provided with a ball bearing 10.
  • a nut 12 ensures the fixing of the crown 5 on its axis 4, a seal 11 protecting the ball bearing 8, is disposed between the nut 12 and the bearing balls 8.
  • a roller of axis 14 parallel to the axis of rotation of the drilling head is mounted between two horizontal plates 15 and 16 forming part of the body 1.
  • the generatrices 17 and 7 of the roller 13 and of the crown 5, the most distant from the axis of rotation of the device are diametrically opposite. It is possible to provide the device with other rollers spaced angularly or axially.
  • the body 1 is traversed axially by a conduit 18 opening out through an orifice 19 in the drilled hole.
  • the conduit 18 is used to bring air, water or mud to the bottom of the hole to lubricate and cool the crown and remove the cuttings from the ground.
  • the axis 4 of the crown 5 can also be crossed by a bypass of the conduit 18 opening out through a hole in the nut 12. In this way better cooling of the radial ball bearings 8 and of the thrust bearing is obtained. It is possible to provide the crown on its active surface with the holes through which a liquid is ejected under great pressure against the surface to be cut. This liquid penetrates, according to the nature of the soil, into the wall and facilitates cutting.
  • the drilling is carried out as follows: The body 1 is rotated in a conventional manner and a small load is exerted on the drilling head.
  • the lateral surface of the crown 5 being provided with teeth or being simply sharpened according to the nature of the ground, planes the ground and creates a hole whose bottom has an axial section having an approximately parabolic profile.
  • each point of the wall is cut under the action of a force substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the drilling head and tangent to the wall 20 and a force perpendicular to the axis 4 of rotation of the crown 5.
  • These forces are due respectively to the rotation of the drilling head and to the free rotation of the crown 5.
  • a hole a few centimeters deep must be drilled by other means so that a large part of the active surface of the size 5 crown is in contact with the soil. Without this precaution at the start of drilling, especially on hard ground, the crown 5 tends to roll around its axis 4, a small part of its circumference being only in contact with the ground.
  • the fulcrum 21 of the cutting surface being the lowest is distant from the geometric axis of rotation 23 by at least 1 mm.
  • the roller 13 during drilling is supported on the lateral surface of the hole and serves as a feedback to the reaction of the soil against the crown and it firms the wall.
  • the variant illustrated in FIG. 2 differs from the previous variant only as regards the shape of the roller and the cutting surface.
  • the roller 13 has the shape of a truncated paraboloid to collaborate with the wall of the bottom of the well. It is obvious that this same roller can be in place of the roller 13 of the previous variant.
  • the lateral surface 7 of the crown has the shape of a spherical ring.
  • the cutting surface being in contact with the wall has a maximum diameter which can be defined in this figure by the length of the segment connecting the points 21 ′ and 22 ′.
  • Point 22 'and point 17' of the roller must be at the same level as a maximum, the arrangement of the roller relative to the crown must be such that the head remains balanced during drilling, i.e. it does not does not oscillate around the drilling axis.
  • the point 17 ' is the highest point of the roller 13' in contact with the wall. It seems that the optimal length of the largest diameter of the cutting surface is that which corresponds to the length of the side of an equilateral triangle inscribed in a circle having the same diameter as the diameter of the borehole. This length is shown in Figures 1 and 2 by the segments 21-22 respectively 21'-22 '.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows an alternative embodiment serving to widen the diameter of a borehole 44 obtained by a drilling device in accordance with the first embodiment described or by other conventional means.
  • the device shown has three rings of size 45, 46, 47 axially spaced and arranged alternately on two opposite sides of the rotary body.
  • the diameter of the lower ring 45 is smaller than that of the second ring 46 which is also smaller than that of the third ring 47. The same goes for the length of their respective axes of rotation 52 to 53.
  • crowns of the same diameter and axes of rotation of different length or vice versa.
  • the rotary body supporting the three axes of rotation 51 to 53 of crowns of size 45 to 47 may be in one piece but this embodiment has the disadvantage of rigidity of use and especially in the event of failure of one of the crown the change of the whole drill head.
  • each ring size 45 to 47 is mounted on a clean rotary body 48 to 50.
  • the lower drilling element corresponds to the device of FIG. 1 and we refrain from describing it again.
  • On the top of the rotary body 48 is fixed the rotary body 49 carrying the crown 46 so that the two crowns 45, 47 are on two opposite sides of the new rotary body thus obtained.
  • To guarantee the relative position of two crowns 45, 46 the fixing of two rotary bodies 48, 49 must be done by a bayonet system or any other.
  • the third rotary body 50 is mounted on the second 49 in the same way but this time by placing the size 47 crown on the same side of the rotary body obtained as the first.
  • Each of the rotary bodies is provided with an axial duct 54 for the passage of the cooling fluid and for evacuating the cuttings from the ground.
  • the axial conduits communicate with each other and each has two branches, one (referenced 33) axially crossing the axis of rotation 51, 52, 53 of the corresponding size 45, 46, 47 crown, the other opening radially on the lateral face of the rotating body.
  • the duct 54, 33 is a distribution duct under pressure of air, water, or mud or any other drilling fluid emerging either near the center of the crown or at orifices arranged on the cutting surface for the pressure ejection of the fluid against the wall of the well.
  • the first drilling element only serves as a guide and feedback to the second and so on.
  • the first drilling element may be a conventional drill bit used for drilling well 44.
  • the axis of rotation of the size ring can be slightly offset with respect to the axis of rotation of the device so that part of the size surface bears more strongly against the wall from the well and favors the torque tending to rotate the crown around its axis.
  • the angle defined by the virtual axis of rotation offset from the crown and by the line passing through the center of the crown and the point of intersection of the virtual axes of rotation of the rotary body and the non-offset crown must be between 1 ° and 5 ° to obtain the above effect.
  • the drilling device described can be used for all kinds of vertical, oblique or horizontal drilling for the search for water, oil or research and mining.
  • a low load being sufficient to ensure the proper functioning of the device described, it is advantageously used for underwater drilling where it is necessary to cross very different hardness layers ranging from sand to the hardest rocks.
  • the same is true for horizontal drilling because a low axial load is sufficient for proper operation.
  • It can be advantageously used in the construction of tunnels.
  • Bearings used only to facilitate rotation of the crown can be ball, roller or needle. They are tightly mounted which has the consequence of extending their life.
  • the cutting surface can be either a hard surface or provided with diamond or tungsten carbide teeth or the like, their choice being dictated by the nature of the soil to be drilled.
  • the speed of rotation of the crown around its axis for the variants described above depends on the speed of rotation of the rod of the drilling device on which the drilling head is fixed and on the vectorial result of the forces applied to the surface of the crowned. This dependence reduces the cutting action of the crown and prolongs the working time and can cause asymmetrical wear of the size crown.
  • the variant of Figure 4 overcomes these drawbacks.
  • the drilling head comprises a rotary body 101 screwed to the end of the rod 102 carrying a motor block 103.
  • a size 105 crown illustrated quite schematically, is mounted on an oblique axis 104 housed in an oblique part 106 of the rotary body 101.
  • a roller 108 is disposed on the side diametrically opposite to the oblique part 106 of the rotary body, its axis 109 being supported by two parallel arms 110 and 111.
  • the crown 104 is kinematically connected to the motor 103 by means of two shafts 104 and 112 each provided at one end with a bevel gear 113 respectively 114, the two gears 113 and 114 being coupled by a toothed wheel 115.
  • the drive shaft 112 independently of the rotation of the rod 102 drives the toothed wheel 115 in rotation which transmits the movement to the shaft 104 which rotates the crown 105 and which cuts the wall 116 of the well.
  • the engine block 103 may be a turbine driven by the liquid circulating inside a conduit (not shown) of the rod 102 and of the rotary body 101 intended for the removal of cuttings, or any other motor device.
  • the speed of rotation of the crown 105 being independent of the speed of rotation of the rod, the load to be exerted on the head is lower.
  • the cutting crown 105 works like a circular saw or a milling cutter, the main cutting force being provided by the proper rotation of the crown.
  • the cutting crown 105 is filled with teeth made of diamond, tungsten or other hard material.
  • a machine for horizontal drilling can be produced for the extraction, for example, of coal.
  • the essential difference is that the tunnels drilled for mining have a much larger diameter. It then suffices to mount on the existing shaft of a machine drilling tunnels a rotary body whose oblique part is much longer than the oblique part 106 of the body 101 of FIG. 4 as well as the arm or arms supporting the roller. feedback.
  • the oblique part of the rotary body being longer, it is possible to accommodate a motor device for driving the crown directly on this part of the rotary body.
  • the work of such a device is the same in di mensions near that of the device of figure 4.
  • the roller can be mounted on an extendable arm.
  • FIG. 5 Another solution is to use a roller whose cross section perpendicular to the drilling axis is elliptical (fig. 5).
  • the roller shown in Figure 5 is formed of an elliptical ring 120 of hard material such as tungsten surrounding a core 121 of another material, for example rubber.
  • the core 121 is axially crossed by a cylindrical hole 122 for the passage of the axis 109 of the roller 108.
  • This roller is intended to rub against the wall and to roll only when there is an irregularity in the wall until the crown 105 is in contact with the wall 116 of the well.
  • the roller As soon as the roller is no longer in contact with the wall due to an irregularity (hole) in the wall, the head is offset under the effect of the reaction of the wall on the crown of size 105. The roller then enters in contact with the wall and begins to roll until the size 105 crown is brought into contact with the wall.
  • the variation in the diameter of the well must correspond to the difference in length between the semi-small and the semi-major axis of the ellipse to guarantee the proper functioning of the device.
  • the roller returns to its initial position as soon as the variation in the diameter of the borehole has been eliminated.
  • the friction surface can be the side surface of an approximately cylindrical or prismatic fixed guide member. When the part of its surface in contact with the wall of the drilled well has been worn, it can be turned so that part of the unworn side surface comes in front of the wall of the well.
  • a guide element 130 is shown in FIG. 6. It is a prism whose edges and the lateral surface are rounded. The lateral surface can be provided with elastically deformable teeth to absorb variations in the wall of the drilled well.
  • the element 130 is fixed and arranged parallel to the drilling axis so that one of its lateral faces (or edges) faces the wall of the well. When this face or edge is worn, the element 130 can be turned and one of the other faces or edges can be presented.
  • This upper non-rotating compensation guide is effectively a surface predisposed to one of many positions capable of matching the wall of the borehole cut by the lower crown.
  • the compensation guide can be placed so that it acts only against the vertical wall of the well or can be placed at a lower level so that it rests on the upper end of the profiled base of the bottom. of Wells.
  • the main objective of the upper compensation guide is to ensure that the lower crown is arranged, especially at the beginning of a drilling, in a position causing the digging of an eccentric ditch relative to the axis of the well (fig. 2).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
EP82200977A 1981-08-07 1982-07-26 Dispositif de forage Expired EP0072072B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82200977T ATE19810T1 (de) 1981-08-07 1982-07-26 Bohrvorrichtung.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH510881 1981-08-07
CH5108/81 1981-08-07
CH3230/82 1982-05-26
CH323082 1982-05-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0072072A1 EP0072072A1 (fr) 1983-02-16
EP0072072B1 true EP0072072B1 (fr) 1986-05-14

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82200977A Expired EP0072072B1 (fr) 1981-08-07 1982-07-26 Dispositif de forage

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US (1) US4549614A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
EP (1) EP0072072B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (1) JPS58501240A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
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PT (1) PT75391B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
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NO831219L (no) 1983-04-06
OA07177A (fr) 1984-04-30
AU8820382A (en) 1983-02-22
DK152783A (da) 1983-04-06
GR77216B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1984-09-11
CA1189060A (en) 1985-06-18
ES8307977A1 (es) 1983-08-16
ES514797A0 (es) 1983-08-16
PT75391B (fr) 1984-10-31
PT75391A (fr) 1982-09-01
IL66456A (en) 1985-08-30
CS266311B2 (en) 1989-12-13
AR228513A1 (es) 1983-03-15
US4549614A (en) 1985-10-29
IL66456A0 (en) 1982-12-31
DE3271141D1 (en) 1986-06-19
IE821909L (en) 1983-02-07
EP0072072A1 (fr) 1983-02-16
SU1496639A3 (ru) 1989-07-23
KR840001296A (ko) 1984-04-30
AU548365B2 (en) 1985-12-05
BR8207803A (pt) 1983-09-06
JPS6158637B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1986-12-12
CS587082A2 (en) 1989-02-10
IN159061B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1987-03-14
TR21508A (tr) 1984-07-30
IE53075B1 (en) 1988-05-25
JPS58501240A (ja) 1983-07-28
WO1983000524A1 (en) 1983-02-17
DK152783D0 (da) 1983-04-06

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