EP0068353B1 - Shredding device for refuse - Google Patents

Shredding device for refuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0068353B1
EP0068353B1 EP82105353A EP82105353A EP0068353B1 EP 0068353 B1 EP0068353 B1 EP 0068353B1 EP 82105353 A EP82105353 A EP 82105353A EP 82105353 A EP82105353 A EP 82105353A EP 0068353 B1 EP0068353 B1 EP 0068353B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
screening
sieve
centrifugal
plate
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EP82105353A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0068353A3 (en
EP0068353A2 (en
Inventor
Kurt Rössler
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT82105353T priority Critical patent/ATE22234T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/08—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers
    • B02C18/12—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers with drive arranged below container

Definitions

  • a known device of this type (DE-OS 2 348 202) is used for the comminution of materials emptied in particular in latrines or other abortion systems, which are fed to the comminution device together with rinsing liquid.
  • the plate fulfilling a sieve function carries comminution tools in the form of upwardly projecting fangs and tusks, which are arranged in concentric circles and interact with a vertical counter knife supported above the plate as an installation part in the filling space.
  • the crushing effect on parts that cannot immediately pass through the openings in the plate occurs above the plate due to the interaction of the ripping and impact teeth with the counter knife, in which material taken by the teeth is pressed through the incisions.
  • the plate manages with a low circulation speed; however, only materials that can be easily torn with only a relatively low inherent strength can be shredded.
  • a shredding device for shredding paper, a shredding device is also known (DE-OS 2 432 603), which consists of a housing which is circular in cross-section and defines an upright, upright filling shaft accessible from above with a bottom as the bottom end of the interior of the housing, a discharge opening arranged approximately near the bottom for comminuted material and a sieve arranged upstream of the discharge opening and a disk-shaped tool which rotates in the interior of the housing and has an outer diameter which corresponds approximately to the inside diameter of the housing and is fastened to a drive shaft which extends coaxially through the bottom into the interior of the housing.
  • the sieve is designed as a sieve drum which coincides with the housing wall in the lower region of the filling shaft and is surrounded by an annular outer air duct. This opens into a retaining ring arranged outside the housing, and an exception sack for shredded paper on the one hand and an air filter on the other hand is attached to this.
  • the radial sieve holes of the sieve drum hold paper filled into the filling shaft inside until a size suitable for passage through the sieve holes is obtained in the course of a shredding process.
  • rotating shredding tools are provided in the lower region of the filling shaft, which are fastened on the drive shaft which extends coaxially through the bottom of the housing and the sieve drum into the interior of the housing.
  • a radially protruding disk on which there are radially protruding fan blades and radially protruding knives, is first attached to the drive shaft at a close distance above the bottom of the filling shaft.
  • a cutter disc is attached to the drive shaft, the outside diameter of which corresponds to the inside diameter of the stationary screening drum.
  • this cutter disc which is provided with inwardly directed slots approximately radially from the circumference of the cutter disc, is a second cutter disc which has the same design but has a smaller diameter.
  • a wing knife is then arranged above this upper knife disk, which consists of two opposing flapping wings projecting approximately radially from the drive shaft.
  • crushing devices For crushing other waste, namely more or less lumpy objects of greater strength and bulk, z. B. of wood or wood-like waste, as they occur in agricultural and forestry companies or in horticulture, crushing devices are used, which break up such waste with the help of knives into small pieces, which are then further processed, e.g. use as fuel. Such devices are sensitive, are subject to considerable wear and tear, deliver very non-uniformly comminuted goods and have only a limited output with a considerable construction and drive expenditure.
  • a chips for the preparation of cattle fodder is also known a chips (FR-PS 1 078 252), which comprises a circular cross-section, an upstanding, from above accessible filling shaft enclosing housing with a bottom as the bottom end of the housing interior, which is arranged with a floor level Discharge opening for shredded goods is provided.
  • a plate rotates, which has an outer diameter that corresponds approximately to the inner diameter of the housing, and is fastened to a drive shaft that extends coaxially through the bottom into the interior of the housing.
  • the plate which is arranged at a distance above the bottom and has blower blades on its underside, has four radial plates Slits as through-openings for shredded material, along the edge of which, in the direction of rotation of the plate at the rear edge, a chopping knife is provided which is inclined upwards in the direction of rotation.
  • a sieve segment which is arranged parallel to the peripheral wall of the housing and which can be rotated from an ineffective position adjacent to the discharge opening into a position in which the sieve is located in front of the discharge opening.
  • Such a shredder with shredded material to a certain extent, at rest in the shredder knife, which quickly revolves around the interior of the container free of internals, is only for soft, easily cut goods such as beets, potatoes or the like. fresh crops can be used, for solid materials it is necessary to have guides that come up close to the schnitzel level and form abutments. B. in the form of a feed chute and is unusable for shredding solid materials such as wood waste.
  • High-performance shredding machines are also known for shredding bulky wood or other waste or bulky waste parts (DE-OS 2928471), but such machines form very complex structural units for shredding waste from forestry and agriculture, horticulture and other wood processing companies such as carpentry etc. are too expensive.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a structurally simple, inexpensive to buy and operate shredding device that reliably shreds solid, especially wood and wood-like waste from forestry and agriculture, horticulture and woodworking small businesses essentially autogenously with high performance.
  • the device according to the invention branches and roots, shrubs and woody parts, straw and smaller pieces of solid wood waste can be processed into finely divided comminution material which is limited in terms of its degree of comminution.
  • the comminution device according to the invention based on such a device, is characterized by the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1. With regard to essential further refinements, reference is made to claims 2 to 11.
  • the comminution device with its combined sieve and centrifugal plate rotating as the bottom end of the filling chute, realizes a comminution principle that turns away from everything known, which consists in the fact that the material to be comminuted in the filling duct above the sieve and centrifugal plate in cooperation with it the wall of the housing is set in a constant circulating movement, in which the parts to be comminuted cover a somewhat tumble-shaped circulating path, d. H. are moved radially outwards above the sieve and centrifuge plate, carry out an upward movement along the housing wall and then return in an inward and then downward movement to the inside of the filling shaft and hit the sieve and centrifugal plate again.
  • This movement which is loop-shaped in cross-section, is overlaid by a circumferential movement, and this circulation, in which the objects to be shredded constantly rub against one another and collide with one another, brings about a comminution of the objects by interaction between these objects until a particle size is reached which can pass through the sieve holes in the sieve and centrifuge plate are permitted. As soon as sufficient comminuted particles have passed the sieve holes downwards, they are thrown out directly through the discharge opening, if necessary also with the help of an air stream that forms through the filling shaft and the sieve and centrifugal plate and through the discharge opening.
  • the combined sieve and centrifugal plate essentially serves, in addition to the classification of the comminuted material, as a movement drive for the material to be comminuted in the filling shaft, which is then comminuted in the manner described above by mutual interaction during the circulation.
  • the comminution device comprises a housing 1 which is circular in cross section and, in the exemplary embodiment shown, cylindrical, which delimits an upright filling shaft which is accessible from above and has a bottom 2 as the lower end of the housing interior.
  • the housing can also, for. B. have the shape of an upwardly slightly diverging or converging circular truncated cone.
  • the housing can also be provided with a conical indentation in its lower region. This indentation forms a conical pocket through which something in the lower container region closes crushing material is increasingly pressed down on the outer circumference.
  • the crushing device can be set up on any base surface via a base frame 3.
  • a coaxial bearing device 4 is located on the underside of the base 2 of the housing 1 for mounting a drive shaft 5, which extends centrally into the interior of the housing and is provided at its lower end, for example with a pulley 11, via which the drive shaft 5 receives its rotary movement from a drive motor, not shown.
  • a plate-shaped tool 6 in the form of a combined sieve and centrifugal plate is fastened.
  • This sieve and centrifugal plate 6 has a closed circular peripheral edge and a diameter which corresponds essentially to the diameter of the housing at the level of the sieve and centrifugal plate 6, so that the peripheral edge with the housing has an edge gap 9 sealed against the passage of material to be shredded limited.
  • the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 is provided with axial sieve holes 8, which are only partially illustrated in the drawing. These sieve holes 8 can have a circular cross section, but instead an oval shape or the like. have and have a diameter or a maximum dimension that corresponds to the desired maximum particle size of comminuted material.
  • the sieve and centrifugal plate is advantageously provided with the sieve holes 8 in the area of its entire working surface facing the filling shaft, which can be arranged evenly distributed over the working surface.
  • the sieve holes can e.g. receive such a distribution that the distance between adjacent sieve holes 8 in the working surface of the sieve and centrifugal plate decreases from the inside outwards towards the peripheral edge, resulting in a concentration of sieve holes in the outer region of the sieve and centrifugal plate 6.
  • the working surface of the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 is essentially an annular surface, after in the central region of the sieve and centrifugal plate an upwardly projecting guide cone 10 is placed thereon, the significance of which will be discussed further below.
  • the sieve and spin plate 6 forms a flat, circular horizontal plate.
  • the sieve and spin plate 6 it is also possible to deviate from this structurally particularly simple and inexpensive shape and to give the sieve and spin plate 6 a shape in which the work surface is slightly conical with an upward or downward pointing cone tip, concave or convex arched or ring-shaped outwards is stepped.
  • Conveyor vanes 7 are arranged under the sieve and centrifugal plate 6, which circulate in the annular space between the underside of the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 and the bottom 2 of the housing 1 as centrifugal and blower vanes. These conveying vanes 7 are connected to the underside of the sieve and centrifugal disc and form approximately radially oriented stiffeners for the latter. It goes without saying that in the connection area between the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 and the conveyor vanes 7 the former is not provided with sieve holes 8.
  • a discharge opening 12 which is formed by the opening of a nozzle 13 connected tangentially to the housing 1.
  • a delivery line can be connected, in which a delivery fan is switched on.
  • Such a conveying fan forces an air flow from top to bottom through the filling shaft in the housing 1, through the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 and through the nozzle 13 up to a collecting container for comminuted material, but such an air flow is already formed solely by the with its conveyor blades 7 rotating sieve and centrifugal plate 6, so that an additional conveyor fan can also be omitted.
  • the housing 1 is provided with a bulge, which is associated with a magnet 16 for separating magnetic parts, such as nails or the like, as they can occasionally get into the filling shaft as part of wood waste
  • This bulge provides a slightly curved inner cover 15 which extends in the direction of rotation approximately to the center of the magnet 16.
  • the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 On its upper side, the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 is provided with at least one driver cam 17 in the region of its peripheral edge.
  • the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 carries two diametrically arranged driver cams 17, and the driver cam (s) can have a radial front face 18, which, as shown, is inclined backwards inward in the direction of rotation and which can also be equipped with a cutting edge.
  • a blunt front side on the flat driving cam 17 is sufficient, since this has the main task of increasing the conveying movements on the material to be shredded and of causing impact effects.
  • one or more flat knives 14, 19 can also be placed eccentrically on the top of the sieve and spin plate 6, which are in themselves unnecessary in the case of numerous goods to be shredded are, but also have a performance-enhancing effect.
  • flat knives 14, 19 are preferably used in pairs, each with a diametrical mutual arrangement.
  • the flat knives 14 are designed as piercing knives.
  • the piercing fingers 22 of such flat knives 14 have cutting edges 23 on their front end in the direction of rotation 24 of the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 at a distance above the working surface of the sieve and centrifugal plate, to which a retracted chip groove 25 adjoins on the underside.
  • the corresponding wedge-shaped piercing fingers 22 emanate from a comb-shaped knife back 26 facing away from the direction of rotation 24 and delimit between them spaces 27 which extend down to the working surface of the sieve and centrifugal plate and in the region of the knife back 26 from a wedge-shaped rising upwards End area 28 are limited.
  • the width of the free spaces 27 between the piercing fingers 22 preferably corresponds at least essentially to the maximum sieve hole dimension.
  • the flat knives 19 can also be designed according to FIG. 4 as a flat circular disk, which has a circular cutting edge 20 which extends at a distance above the working surface of the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 has and between this and the work surface has a circumferential, tapered or inwardly curved chip groove 21.
  • comminuted goods are filled as intended into the filling shaft of the housing 1, for. For example, up to a 2/3 the height of the filling shaft. If the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 is now set in rotation, the entire comminution material gradually reaches the trombone-shaped circulating movement described at the outset, namely by the centrifugal action of the sieve and centrifugal plate on the material coming into contact with it.
  • a hollow funnel is created in the circulated material mass in the central region of the filling shaft, and the guide cone 10 ensures that no material accumulations can be formed in the central region of the sieve and centrifugal plate 6, which can escape the circulating movement.
  • the comminuted material is self-crushing by rubbing against one another, beating and bumping, the desired crushing forces being increased by the impact effects of the driving cams 17.
  • the flat knives in turn contribute to a pre-shredding in the case of the comminution goods which are already more difficult to process, so that such goods also get into the circulation cycle.
  • Crushed pieces or particles that form during the self-comminution, the dimensions of which are less than the dimensions of the sieve holes 8 fall through or are pressed through the sieve holes 8 as soon as they strike the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 in the course of the circulating movements or glide over it.
  • the sieve holes 8 can be freely selected in terms of their shape and dimensions in view of the desired degree of comminution, etc., can be formed by cylindrical or slightly tapered bores and have edges at their transition into the working surface of the sieve and centrifugal plate, which in turn are in the comminution and conveyor drive senses act aggressively on the material to be shredded in the filling shaft.
  • the good particles passing down through the sieve holes 8 are captured directly by the conveying vanes 7 and flung out through the discharge opening 12, their discharge being able to be supported by the air flow mentioned above.
  • the obtuse-angled guide cone 10 not only prevents material accumulation in the central area, but also prevents plate-shaped pieces from being placed flat, so that even such objects repeatedly fall into the effective range of the flat knives 14 or 19 by tipping and undergo progressive pre-comminution.
  • the obtuse-angled cone design also prevents objects from jamming between the guide cone 10 and the wall of the housing 1. In the event of congestion effects, objects can also be retained or pressed from the outside inwards, which are then directed upwards through the outer surface of the guide cone and again be introduced into the goods movement.
  • the piercing knife 14 strikes very precisely delimited pieces out of larger objects and is therefore particularly suitable for almost all crushable and cutable comminution materials, especially since the free spaces favor breaking effects on machined objects which can lie in the chip groove 25 under the piercing fingers 22.
  • the flat knives 19 in circular form offer a comparatively longer cutting edge and have a more cutting effect on certain lumpy comminution objects and, owing to their round shape, a good penetration effect when passing through the circulated material flow.
  • the total pressure of the material mass in circulation on the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 is also increased.
  • the latter can also be composed of circular segments which are placed on the conveying vanes 7 as supporting skeletons and are individually connected to the conveying vanes 7, so that partial replacements are possible in the course of maintenance work.
  • two or more sieve and spin plates can be arranged coaxially one above the other.
  • the dimensions of the sieve holes can decrease from the uppermost to the lowest sieve and centrifugal plates.

Abstract

The comminuting apparatus for waste consists of a housing (1), which is circular in cross-section and defines an upright feed hopper accessible from above and which has a bottom (2) as a lower termination of the interior of the housing. Disposed in the vicinity of the bottom is a discharge opening (12) for comminuted material. In the interior of the housing there is a driven rotating substantially plate-shaped tool (6) which has an external diameter substantially corresponding to the internal diameter of the housing and is secured to a drive shaft (5) extending coaxially through the bottom (2) into the interior of the housing. The plate-shaped tool (6) is constructed in the form of a combined screening and centrifugal plate (6) which is provided with screening holes (8) only inside its closed circular peripheral edge and which sets the material in the feed hopper in circulating motion.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung für Abfälle in einer Ausbildung nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a shredding device for waste in an embodiment according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Eine bekannte Vorrichtung dieser Art (DE-OS 2 348 202) dient der Zerkleinerung von insbesondere in Latrinen oder andere Abortanlagen entleerte Materialien, die zusammen mit Spülflüssigkeit der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung zugeführt werden. Der eine Siebfunktion erfüllende Teller trägt an seiner Oberseite Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge in Gestalt von nach oben vorstehenden Reiss- und Schlagzähnen, die in konzentrischen Kreisen angeordnet sind und mit einem oberhalb des Tellers als Einbauteil im Füllraum abgestützten senkrechten Gegenmessern zusammenwirken. Die Zerkleinerungswirkung auf Teile, die nicht schon unmittelbar die Öffnungen im Teller passieren können, tritt oberhalb des Tellers durch das Zusammenwirken der Reiss- und Schlagzähne mit dem Gegenmesser ein, bei der von den Zähnen mitgenommenes Gut durch die Einschnitte hindurchgepresst wird.A known device of this type (DE-OS 2 348 202) is used for the comminution of materials emptied in particular in latrines or other abortion systems, which are fed to the comminution device together with rinsing liquid. The plate fulfilling a sieve function carries comminution tools in the form of upwardly projecting fangs and tusks, which are arranged in concentric circles and interact with a vertical counter knife supported above the plate as an installation part in the filling space. The crushing effect on parts that cannot immediately pass through the openings in the plate occurs above the plate due to the interaction of the ripping and impact teeth with the counter knife, in which material taken by the teeth is pressed through the incisions.

Bei einem derartigen Zerkleinerungsprinzip kommt der Teller mit einer geringen Umlaufgeschwindigkeit aus; jedoch können lediglich Materialien zerkleinert werden, die bei nur verhältnismässig geringer Eigenfestigkeit leicht zerreissbar sind.With such a shredding principle, the plate manages with a low circulation speed; however, only materials that can be easily torn with only a relatively low inherent strength can be shredded.

Zum Zerkleinern von Papier ist ferner eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung bekannt (DE-OS 2 432 603), die aus einem im Querschnitt kreisförmigen, einen aufrechtstehenden, von oben zugänglichen Füllschacht umgrenzenden Gehäuse mit einem Boden als unterem Abschluss des Gehäuseinneren besteht, eine etwa in Bodennähe angeordnete Austragöffnung für zerkleinertes Gut sowie ein der Austragöffnung vorgeordnetes Sieb und ein im Gehäuseinnern angetrieben umlaufendes, scheibenförmiges Werkzeug aufweist, das einen dem Innendurchmesser des Gehäuses etwa entsprechenden Aussendurchmesser besitzt und an einer sich koaxial durch den Boden in das Gehäuseinnere erstreckenden Antriebswelle befestigt ist. Bei dieser Vorrichtung ist das Sieb als eine im unteren Bereich des Füllschachtes mit der Gehäusewandung zusammenfallende Siebtrommel ausgebildet, die von einem ringförmigen äusseren Luftkanal umgeben ist. Dieser mündet in einen ausserhalb des Gehäuses angeordneten Haltekranz, und an diesem ist ein Ausnahmesack für Papierschnitzel einerseits und ein Luftfilter andererseits befestigt. Die radialen Sieblöcher der Siebtrommel halten in den Füllschacht eingefülltes Papier im Gehäuseinnern solange zurück, bis sie im Zuge eines Zerkleinerungsvorganges eine für ein Hindurchtreten durch die Sieblöcher geeignete Grösse erhalten haben.For shredding paper, a shredding device is also known (DE-OS 2 432 603), which consists of a housing which is circular in cross-section and defines an upright, upright filling shaft accessible from above with a bottom as the bottom end of the interior of the housing, a discharge opening arranged approximately near the bottom for comminuted material and a sieve arranged upstream of the discharge opening and a disk-shaped tool which rotates in the interior of the housing and has an outer diameter which corresponds approximately to the inside diameter of the housing and is fastened to a drive shaft which extends coaxially through the bottom into the interior of the housing. In this device, the sieve is designed as a sieve drum which coincides with the housing wall in the lower region of the filling shaft and is surrounded by an annular outer air duct. This opens into a retaining ring arranged outside the housing, and an exception sack for shredded paper on the one hand and an air filter on the other hand is attached to this. The radial sieve holes of the sieve drum hold paper filled into the filling shaft inside until a size suitable for passage through the sieve holes is obtained in the course of a shredding process.

Zur Zerkleinerung des Papiers sind im unteren Bereich des Füllschachtes rotierende Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge vorgesehen, die auf der sich koaxial durch den Boden des Gehäuses und der Siebtrommel in das Gehäuseinnere erstreckenden Antriebswelle befestigt sind. Auf derAntriebswelle ist zunächst in dichtem Abstand oberhalb des Bodens des Füllschachtes eine radial abstehende Scheibe befestigt, auf der sich radial abstehende Gebläseflügel und radial abstehende Messer befinden. In Höhe der Oberkante der Siebtrommel ist auf der Antriebswelle eine Messerscheibe befestigt, deren Aussendurchmesser dem Innendurchmesser der ortsfesten Siebtrommel entspricht. Oberhalb dieser Messerscheibe, die mit etwa radial vom Umfang der Messerscheibe ausgehenden, einwärts gerichteten Schlitzen versehen ist, befindet sich eine zweite Messerscheibe, die eine gleiche Ausbildung besitzt, jedoch einen geringeren Durchmesser hat. Über dieser oberen Messerscheibe ist dann noch ein Flügelmesser angeordnet, das aus zwei einander gegenüberliegenden, von der Antriebswelle etwa radial abstehenden Schlagflügeln besteht.To shred the paper, rotating shredding tools are provided in the lower region of the filling shaft, which are fastened on the drive shaft which extends coaxially through the bottom of the housing and the sieve drum into the interior of the housing. A radially protruding disk, on which there are radially protruding fan blades and radially protruding knives, is first attached to the drive shaft at a close distance above the bottom of the filling shaft. At the level of the upper edge of the screening drum, a cutter disc is attached to the drive shaft, the outside diameter of which corresponds to the inside diameter of the stationary screening drum. Above this cutter disc, which is provided with inwardly directed slots approximately radially from the circumference of the cutter disc, is a second cutter disc which has the same design but has a smaller diameter. A wing knife is then arranged above this upper knife disk, which consists of two opposing flapping wings projecting approximately radially from the drive shaft.

Wird in den Füllschacht einer derartigen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung Papier eingefüllt, so wird dieses zunächst vom Flügelmesser erfasst und vorzerkleinert, wonach das vorzerkleinerte Papier durch die Messerschlitze der Scheibenmesser weiter zerkleinert wird. Lediglich jene Papierschnitzel, welche die Messerschlitze in der unteren Messerscheibe in Höhe der Oberkante der Siebtrommel passiert haben, gelangen in den ringförmigen Siebraum in Höhe der Siebtrommel und erfahren dort durch die radialen Messer eine weitere Zerkleinerung, bis sie schliesslich unterstützt von einem Luftstrom durch die Sieblöcher der Siebtrommel hindurch nach aussen in den Luftkanal übertreten und durch diesen hindurch in den Aufnahmesack am Haltekranz gelangen.If paper is filled into the filling shaft of such a shredding device, this is first grasped and pre-shredded by the wing knife, after which the shredded paper is shredded further through the knife slots of the disk knives. Only those shreds of paper that have passed through the knife slots in the lower knife disc at the level of the upper edge of the sieve drum reach the ring-shaped sieve chamber at the height of the sieve drum and undergo further comminution by the radial knives until they are finally supported by an air flow through the sieve holes pass through the sieve drum outwards into the air duct and pass through this into the receiving sack on the retaining ring.

Zur Zerkleinerung anderer Abfälle, nämlich mehr oder weniger stückiger Gegenstände grösserer Festigkeit und Stückmasse, z. B. von holz-oder holzartigen Abfällen, wie sie in land- und forstwirtschaftlichen Betrieben oder auch in Gartenbaubetrieben anfallen, finden Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen Anwendung, die derartige Abfälle mit Hilfe von Schlagmessern in kleine Stücke zerschlagen, die dann einer weiteren Verarbeitung, z.B. einer Verwendung als Brennstoff, zugeführt werden. Solche Vorrichtungen sind empfindlich, unterliegen erheblichem Verschleiss, liefern sehr ungleichförmig zerkleinertes Gut und haben eine nur begrenzte Leistung bei zugleich erheblichem Bau- und Antriebsaufwand.For crushing other waste, namely more or less lumpy objects of greater strength and bulk, z. B. of wood or wood-like waste, as they occur in agricultural and forestry companies or in horticulture, crushing devices are used, which break up such waste with the help of knives into small pieces, which are then further processed, e.g. use as fuel. Such devices are sensitive, are subject to considerable wear and tear, deliver very non-uniformly comminuted goods and have only a limited output with a considerable construction and drive expenditure.

Für die Zubereitung von Viehfutter ist ferner ein Schnitzelwerk bekannt (FR-PS 1 078 252), das ein im Querschnitt kreisförmiges, einen aufrechtstehenden, von oben zugänglichen Füllschacht umgrenzendes Gehäuse mit einem Boden als unterem Abschluss des Gehäuseinnern umfasst, das mit einer in Bodenhöhe angeordneten Austragöffnung für zerkleinertes Gut versehen ist. Im Gehäuseinnern läuft ein Teller angetrieben um, der einen dem Innendurchmesser des Gehäuses etwa entsprechenden Aussendurchmesser aufweist und an einer sich koaxial durch den Boden in das Gehäuseinnere erstreckenden Antriebswelle befestigt ist. Der im Abstand oberhalb des Bodens angeordnete und an seiner Unterseite mit Gebläseflügeln versehene Teller weist vier radiale Schlitze als Durchtrittsöffnungen für zerkleinertes Gut auf, entlang deren in Drehrichtung des Tellers rückwärtiger Randkante ein in der Drehrichtung schräg aufwärts angestelltes Schnitzelmesser vorgesehen ist. Im Bereich zwischen dem Teller und dem Boden des Gehäuses befindet sich ein parallel zur Umfangswand des Gehäuses angeordnetes Siebsegment, das aus einer wirkungslosen, an die Austragöffnung angrenzenden Stellung in eine Stellung verdrehbar ist, in der sich das Sieb vor der Austragöffnung befindet. Ein derartiges Schnitzelwerk mit unter gewissermassen ruhendem Zerkleinerungsgut in dem von Einbauten freien Innenraum des Behälters schnell umlaufenden Schnitzelmessers ist nur für weiche, leicht schneidfähige Güter wie Rüben, Kartoffeln od.dgl. frische Feldfrüchte einsetzbar, benötigt für festere Materialien bis nahe an die Schnitzelebene heranreichende, Widerlager bildende Führungen z. B. in Form eines Einfüllschachtes und ist für die Zerkleinerung von feststückigen Materialien wie Holzabfällen unbrauchbar.For the preparation of cattle fodder is also known a chips (FR-PS 1 078 252), which comprises a circular cross-section, an upstanding, from above accessible filling shaft enclosing housing with a bottom as the bottom end of the housing interior, which is arranged with a floor level Discharge opening for shredded goods is provided. In the interior of the housing, a plate rotates, which has an outer diameter that corresponds approximately to the inner diameter of the housing, and is fastened to a drive shaft that extends coaxially through the bottom into the interior of the housing. The plate, which is arranged at a distance above the bottom and has blower blades on its underside, has four radial plates Slits as through-openings for shredded material, along the edge of which, in the direction of rotation of the plate at the rear edge, a chopping knife is provided which is inclined upwards in the direction of rotation. In the area between the plate and the bottom of the housing there is a sieve segment which is arranged parallel to the peripheral wall of the housing and which can be rotated from an ineffective position adjacent to the discharge opening into a position in which the sieve is located in front of the discharge opening. Such a shredder with shredded material, to a certain extent, at rest in the shredder knife, which quickly revolves around the interior of the container free of internals, is only for soft, easily cut goods such as beets, potatoes or the like. fresh crops can be used, for solid materials it is necessary to have guides that come up close to the schnitzel level and form abutments. B. in the form of a feed chute and is unusable for shredding solid materials such as wood waste.

Zur Zerkleinerung von sperrigen Holz- oder sonstigen Abfall- bzw. Sperrmüllteilen sind auch Hochleistungs-Zerkleinerungsmaschinen bekannt (DE-OS 2928471), jedoch bilden derartige Maschinen sehr aufwendige Baueinheiten, die für die Zerkleinerung von Abfällen aus der Forst- und der Landwirtschaft, dem Gartenbau und sonstigen holzverarbeitenden Betrieben wie Tischlereien etc. zu aufwendig sind.High-performance shredding machines are also known for shredding bulky wood or other waste or bulky waste parts (DE-OS 2928471), but such machines form very complex structural units for shredding waste from forestry and agriculture, horticulture and other wood processing companies such as carpentry etc. are too expensive.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine baulich einfache, in der Anschaffung und im Betrieb preisgünstige Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung zu schaffen, die zuverlässig feststückige, insbesondere Holz- und holzartige Abfälle aus Forst- und Landwirtschaft, Gartenbau und holzverarbeitenden Kleinbetrieben im wesentlichen autogen mit hoher Leistung zerkleinert. Insbesondere sollen mit der Vorrichtung nach der Erfindung Äste und Wurzeln, Sträucher und Gehölzteile, Stroh und kleinere stückige Festholzabfälle zu feinstückigem Zerkleinerungsgut verarbeitet werden können, das in seinem Zerkleinerungsgrad nach oben begrenzt ist.The invention has for its object to provide a structurally simple, inexpensive to buy and operate shredding device that reliably shreds solid, especially wood and wood-like waste from forestry and agriculture, horticulture and woodworking small businesses essentially autogenously with high performance. In particular, with the device according to the invention, branches and roots, shrubs and woody parts, straw and smaller pieces of solid wood waste can be processed into finely divided comminution material which is limited in terms of its degree of comminution.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach der Erfindung ausgehend von einer solchen gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 gekennzeichnet durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale. Hinsichtlich wesentlicher weiterer Ausgestaltungen wird auf die Patentansprüche 2 bis 11 verwiesen.To achieve this object, the comminution device according to the invention, based on such a device, is characterized by the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1. With regard to essential further refinements, reference is made to claims 2 to 11.

Die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach der Erfindung verwirklicht mit ihrem gewissermassen als unterem Abschluss des Füllschachtes umlaufenden kombinierten Sieb- und Schleuderteller ein sich von allem Bekannten abwendendes Zerkleinerungsprinzip, das darin besteht, dass das zu zerkleinernde Gut im Füllschacht oberhalb des Sieb- und Schleudertellers von diesem im Zusammenwirken mit der Wandung des Gehäuses in eine ständige Umwälzbewegung versetzt wird, bei der die zu zerkleinernden Teile einen gewissermassen trombenförmigen Umwälzweg zurücklegen, d. h. oberhalb des Sieb- und Schleudertellers radial nach aussen hin bewegt werden, entlang der Gehäusewandung eine aufwärts gerichtete Bewegung ausführen und alsdann in einer einwärts und dann abwärts gerichteten Bewegung in den Innenbereich des Füllschachtes zurückkehren und erneut auf den Sieb- und Schleuderteller auftreffen. Diese im Querschnitt schleifenförmige Bewegung wird dabei von einer Umfangsbewegung überlagert, und diese Umwälzung, bei der die zu zerkleinernden Gegenstände ständig aneinander reiben und aufeinander prallen, erbringt eine Zerkleinerung der Gegenstände durch Wechselwirkung zwischen diesen Gegenständen, bis eine Teilchengrösse erreicht ist, die ein Hindurchtreten durch die Sieblöcher im Sieb- und Schleuderteller gestattet. Sobald hinreichend weit zerkleinerte Gutteilchen die Sieblöcher nach unten hin passiert haben, werden sie unmittelbar durch die Austragöffnung herausgeschleudert, und zwar gegebenenfalls auch mit Unterstützung durch einen Luftstrom, der sich durch den Füllschacht und den Sieb- und Schleuderteller hindurch und durch die Austragöffnung ausbildet.The comminution device according to the invention, with its combined sieve and centrifugal plate rotating as the bottom end of the filling chute, realizes a comminution principle that turns away from everything known, which consists in the fact that the material to be comminuted in the filling duct above the sieve and centrifugal plate in cooperation with it the wall of the housing is set in a constant circulating movement, in which the parts to be comminuted cover a somewhat tumble-shaped circulating path, d. H. are moved radially outwards above the sieve and centrifuge plate, carry out an upward movement along the housing wall and then return in an inward and then downward movement to the inside of the filling shaft and hit the sieve and centrifugal plate again. This movement, which is loop-shaped in cross-section, is overlaid by a circumferential movement, and this circulation, in which the objects to be shredded constantly rub against one another and collide with one another, brings about a comminution of the objects by interaction between these objects until a particle size is reached which can pass through the sieve holes in the sieve and centrifuge plate are permitted. As soon as sufficient comminuted particles have passed the sieve holes downwards, they are thrown out directly through the discharge opening, if necessary also with the help of an air stream that forms through the filling shaft and the sieve and centrifugal plate and through the discharge opening.

Der kombinierte Sieb- und Schleuderteller dient dementsprechend im wesentlichen neben der Klassierung des zerkleinerten Gutes als Bewegungsantrieb für das im Füllschacht befindliche zu zerkleinernde Gut, das dann in oben beschriebener Weise durch gegenseitige Wechselwirkung während der Umwälzung seine Zerkleinerung erfährt.Accordingly, the combined sieve and centrifugal plate essentially serves, in addition to the classification of the comminuted material, as a movement drive for the material to be comminuted in the filling shaft, which is then comminuted in the manner described above by mutual interaction during the circulation.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Gegenstands der Erfindung näher veranschaulicht. Im einzelnen zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen vertikalen Schnitt durch eine erfindungsgemässe Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung,
  • Fig. 2 eine Halbdraufsicht zu Fig. 1,
  • Fig. eine schaubildliche Darstellung eines Flachmessers in Stechfingerausführung, und
  • Fig. 4 eine schaubildliche Darstellung eines Flachmessers in Kreisscheibenausbildung.
In the drawing, an embodiment of the object of the invention is illustrated in more detail. In detail show:
  • 1 shows a vertical section through a comminution device according to the invention,
  • 2 is a semi-top view of FIG. 1,
  • Fig. Is a diagrammatic representation of a flat knife in piercing design, and
  • Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of a flat knife in circular disc design.

Wie insbesondere der Fig. 1 entnommen werden kann, umfasst die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung ein im Querschnitt kreisförmiges, bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel zylindrisches Gehäuse 1, das einen aufrechtstehenden, von oben zugänglichen Füllschacht umgrenzt und einen Boden 2 als unteren Abschluss des Gehäuseinnern besitzt. In Abweichung von der dargestellten zylindrischen Gehäuseform kann das Gehäuse auch z. B. die Form eines nach oben hin leicht divergierenden oder konvergierenden Kreiskegelstumpfes haben. Ferner kann, wie dies lediglich rechts in Fig. 1 mit einer gestrichelten Linie 1" dargestellt ist, das Gehäuse auch in seinem unteren Bereich mit einer kegeligen Einziehung versehen sein. Durch diese Einziehung bildet sich eine kegelige Tasche, durch die im unteren Behälterbereich befindliches zu zerkleinerndes Gut verstärkt am Aussenumfang abwärtsgedrückt wird. Über ein Fussgestell 3 ist die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung auf irgendeiner Bodenfläche aufstellbar.As can be seen in particular from FIG. 1, the comminution device comprises a housing 1 which is circular in cross section and, in the exemplary embodiment shown, cylindrical, which delimits an upright filling shaft which is accessible from above and has a bottom 2 as the lower end of the housing interior. In deviation from the cylindrical housing shape shown, the housing can also, for. B. have the shape of an upwardly slightly diverging or converging circular truncated cone. Furthermore, as is only shown on the right in FIG. 1 with a dashed line 1 ", the housing can also be provided with a conical indentation in its lower region. This indentation forms a conical pocket through which something in the lower container region closes crushing material is increasingly pressed down on the outer circumference. The crushing device can be set up on any base surface via a base frame 3.

An der Unterseite des Bodens 2 des Gehäuses 1 befindet sich eine koaxiale Lagervorrichtung 4 zur Lagerung einer Antriebswelle 5, die sich zentrisch in das Gehäuseinnere hineinerstreckt und an ihrem unteren Ende z.B. mit einer Riemenscheibe 11 versehen ist, über die von einem nicht dargestellten Antriebsmotor her die Antriebswelle 5 ihre Drehbewegung erhält.A coaxial bearing device 4 is located on the underside of the base 2 of the housing 1 for mounting a drive shaft 5, which extends centrally into the interior of the housing and is provided at its lower end, for example with a pulley 11, via which the drive shaft 5 receives its rotary movement from a drive motor, not shown.

Auf dem in das Gehäuse vorstehenden Ende der Antriebswelle 5 ist ein plattenförmiges Werkzeug 6 in Gestalt eines kombinierten Sieb- und Schleudertellers befestigt. Dieser Sieb- und Schleuderteller 6 hat einen geschlossenen kreisförmigen Umfangsrand und einen Durchmesser, der im wesentlichen dem Durchmesser des Gehäuses in Höhe des Sieb- und Schleudertellers 6 entspricht, so dass der Umfangsrand mit dem Gehäuse einen gegen den Durchtritt von zu zerkleinerndem Gut abgedichteten Randspalt 9 begrenzt. Innerhalb des geschlossenen kreisförmigen Umfangsrandes ist der Sieb- und Schleuderteller 6 mit axialen Sieblöchern 8 versehen, die in der Zeichnung nur bereichsweise veranschaulicht sind. Diese Sieblöcher 8 können einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt, statt dessen aber auch eine Ovalform od.dgl. besitzen und haben einen Durchmesser oder eine Maximalabmessung, die der gewünschten maximalen Teilchengrösse zerkleinerten Gutes entspricht.On the end of the drive shaft 5 projecting into the housing, a plate-shaped tool 6 in the form of a combined sieve and centrifugal plate is fastened. This sieve and centrifugal plate 6 has a closed circular peripheral edge and a diameter which corresponds essentially to the diameter of the housing at the level of the sieve and centrifugal plate 6, so that the peripheral edge with the housing has an edge gap 9 sealed against the passage of material to be shredded limited. Within the closed circular peripheral edge, the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 is provided with axial sieve holes 8, which are only partially illustrated in the drawing. These sieve holes 8 can have a circular cross section, but instead an oval shape or the like. have and have a diameter or a maximum dimension that corresponds to the desired maximum particle size of comminuted material.

Vorteilhaft ist der Sieb- und Schleuderteller im Bereich seiner gesamten, dem Füllschacht zugewandten Arbeitsfläche mit den Sieblöchern 8 versehen, die gleichmässig über die Arbeitsfläche verteilt angeordnet sein können. Es besteht hedoch auch die Möglichkeit, eine ungleichförmige Verteilung der Sieblöcher in der Arbeitsfläche vorzusehen, um z. B. die Sieblöcher 8 auf Bereiche zu konzentrieren, in denen im Betrieb der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung die Siebwirkung verstärkt eintritt. So können die Sieblöcher z.B. eine solche Verteilung erhalten, dass der Abstand zwischen benachbarten Sieblöchern 8 in der Arbeitsfläche des Sieb- und Schleudertellers von innen nach aussen gesehen zum Umfangsrand hin abnimmt, wodurch sich eine Konzentration von Sieblöchern im Aussenbereich des Sieb- und Schleudertellers 6 ergibt.The sieve and centrifugal plate is advantageously provided with the sieve holes 8 in the area of its entire working surface facing the filling shaft, which can be arranged evenly distributed over the working surface. However, there is also the possibility of providing a non-uniform distribution of the screen holes in the work surface in order, for example, B. to concentrate the sieve holes 8 in areas in which the sieving effect occurs increasingly during operation of the comminution device. The sieve holes can e.g. receive such a distribution that the distance between adjacent sieve holes 8 in the working surface of the sieve and centrifugal plate decreases from the inside outwards towards the peripheral edge, resulting in a concentration of sieve holes in the outer region of the sieve and centrifugal plate 6.

Die Arbeitsfläche des Sieb- und Schleudertellers 6 ist im wesentlichen eine Kreisringfläche, nachdem im Mittelbereich des Sieb- und Schleudertellers auf diesen ein nach oben vorstehender Führungskegel 10 aufgesetzt ist, auf dessen Bedeutung weiter unten noch eingegangen wird.The working surface of the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 is essentially an annular surface, after in the central region of the sieve and centrifugal plate an upwardly projecting guide cone 10 is placed thereon, the significance of which will be discussed further below.

Bei dem dargestellten Beispiel bildet der Sieb-und Schleuderteller 6 eine ebene, kreisförmige horizontale Platte. Jedoch ist es auch möglich, von dieser bautechnisch besonders einfachen und preisgünstigen Formgestalt abzuweichen und dem Sieb- und Schleuderteller 6 eine Form vorzugeben, bei der die Arbeitsfläche leicht kegelig mit nach oben oder nach unten weisender Kegelspitze, konkav oder konvex gewölbt oder ringstufenförmig nach aussen hin abgetreppt ist.In the example shown, the sieve and spin plate 6 forms a flat, circular horizontal plate. However, it is also possible to deviate from this structurally particularly simple and inexpensive shape and to give the sieve and spin plate 6 a shape in which the work surface is slightly conical with an upward or downward pointing cone tip, concave or convex arched or ring-shaped outwards is stepped.

Unter dem Sieb- und Schleuderteller 6 sind Förderflügel 7 angeordnet, die in dem Ringraum zwischen der Unterseite des Sieb- und Schleudertellers 6 und dem Boden 2 des Gehäuses 1 als Schleuder- und Gebläseflügel mitumlaufen. Diese Förderflügel 7 sind mit der Unterseite des Sieb-und Schleudertellers verbunden und bilden für diesen etwa radial ausgerichtete Versteifungen. Es versteht sich, dass im Verbindungsbereich zwischen dem Sieb- und Schleuderteller 6 und den Förderflügeln 7 ersterer nicht mit Sieblöchern 8 versehen ist.Conveyor vanes 7 are arranged under the sieve and centrifugal plate 6, which circulate in the annular space between the underside of the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 and the bottom 2 of the housing 1 as centrifugal and blower vanes. These conveying vanes 7 are connected to the underside of the sieve and centrifugal disc and form approximately radially oriented stiffeners for the latter. It goes without saying that in the connection area between the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 and the conveyor vanes 7 the former is not provided with sieve holes 8.

In Höhe des Zwischenraumes zwischen der Unterseite des Sieb- und Schleudertellers 6 und dem Boden 2 des Gehäuses 1 befindet sich eine Austragöffnung 12, die von der Ausmündung eines tangential an das Gehäuse 1 angeschlossenen Stutzens 13 gebildet ist. An diesen Stutzen 13 kann z.B. eine Förderleitung angeschlossen werden, in die ein Fördergebläse eingeschaltet ist. Ein solches Fördergebläse erzwingt einen Luftstrom von oben nach unten durch den Füllschacht im Gehäuse 1, durch den Sieb- und Schleuderteller 6 hindurch und durch den Stutzen 13 bis hin zu einem Auffangbehälter für zerkleinertes Gut, jedoch bildet sich ein solcher Luftstrom allein auch bereits durch den mit seinen Förderflügeln 7 umlaufenden Sieb- und Schleuderteller 6, so dass ein zusätzliches Fördergebläse auch entfallen kann. Ein solcher Luftstrom ist im übrigen nur wünschenswert, nicht aber unbedingt erforderlich, da zerkleinertes Gut auch ohne diesen infolge der Schleuderwirkung der Förderflügel 7 ausgetragen wird, und sich die weiter unten noch näher zu beschreibende Gutumwälzbewegung auch ohne einen solchen Luftstrom bildet. Da jedoch ein solcher Luftstrom grundsätzlich förderlich ist, kann, wenn das Gehäuse 1 oberseitig mit einem Deckel verschliessbar sein sollte, wie er in gestrichelten Linien angedeutet ist, das Gehäuse 1 im oberen Bereich des Füllschachtes mit Lufteintrittsöffnungen 1'" versehen sein. Oberhalb des Sieb- und Schleudertellers 6 ist bei dem dargestellten Beispiel das Gehäuse 1 mit einer Ausbuchtung versehen, der ein Magnet 16 zum Abscheiden von magnetischen Teilen, wie Nägel od.dgl., zugeordnet ist, wie sie gelegentlich als Teil von Holzabfällen mit in den Füllschacht gelangen können. Über diese Ausbuchtung ist eine in Drehrichtung etwa bis zur Mitte des Magneten 16 reichende, leicht gewölbte Innenabdeckung 15 vorgesehen.At the level of the space between the underside of the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 and the bottom 2 of the housing 1 there is a discharge opening 12 which is formed by the opening of a nozzle 13 connected tangentially to the housing 1. At this connection 13, e.g. a delivery line can be connected, in which a delivery fan is switched on. Such a conveying fan forces an air flow from top to bottom through the filling shaft in the housing 1, through the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 and through the nozzle 13 up to a collecting container for comminuted material, but such an air flow is already formed solely by the with its conveyor blades 7 rotating sieve and centrifugal plate 6, so that an additional conveyor fan can also be omitted. Such an air flow is otherwise only desirable, but not absolutely necessary, since comminuted material is also discharged without it as a result of the centrifugal effect of the conveying vanes 7, and the material circulation movement to be described further below also forms without such an air flow. However, since such an air flow is fundamentally conducive, if the housing 1 should be able to be closed with a cover on the upper side, as is indicated in dashed lines, the housing 1 can be provided with air inlet openings 1 ′ ″ in the upper region of the filling shaft. Above the sieve - And centrifugal plate 6 in the example shown, the housing 1 is provided with a bulge, which is associated with a magnet 16 for separating magnetic parts, such as nails or the like, as they can occasionally get into the filling shaft as part of wood waste This bulge provides a slightly curved inner cover 15 which extends in the direction of rotation approximately to the center of the magnet 16.

Auf seiner Oberseite ist der Sieb- und Schleuderteller 6 im Bereich seines Umfangsrandes mit zumindest einem Mitnehmernocken 17 versehen. Vorzugsweise trägt der Sieb- und Schleuderteller 6 jedoch zwei diametral angeordnete Mitnehmernocken 17, und der oder die Mitnehmernocken können eine radiale, oder wie dargestellt in Drehrichtung einwärts rückwärts schräg gestellte Vorderseite 18 aufweisen, die auch mit einer Schneidkante ausgerüstet sein kann. Es genügt jedoch eine stumpfe Vorderseite an dem flachen Mitnehmernocken 17, da dieser hauptsächlich die Aufgabe hat, die Förderbewegungen auf das zu zerkleinernde Gutzu verstärken und Prallwirkungen hervorzurufen.On its upper side, the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 is provided with at least one driver cam 17 in the region of its peripheral edge. Preferably, however, the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 carries two diametrically arranged driver cams 17, and the driver cam (s) can have a radial front face 18, which, as shown, is inclined backwards inward in the direction of rotation and which can also be equipped with a cutting edge. However, a blunt front side on the flat driving cam 17 is sufficient, since this has the main task of increasing the conveying movements on the material to be shredded and of causing impact effects.

In Fällen, in denen das zu zerkleinernde Gut aus verhältnismässig langstieligen Stücken besteht, wie das z. B. bei Sträuchern und einigen Gehölzen der Fall ist, oder eine geringe Dichte hat, wie dies beispielsweise bei Stroh gegeben ist, können auf der Oberseite des Sieb- und Schleudertellers 6 exzentrisch auch noch ein oder mehrere Flachmesser 14, 19 aufgesetzt sein, die bei zahlreichen zu zerkleinernden Gütern an sich entbehrlich sind, aber auch bei diesen eine leistungsfördernde Wirkung entfalten. Aus Gründen der Auswuchtung finden solche Flachmesser 14, 19 vorzugsweise paarig Anwendung bei jeweils diametraler gegenseitiger Anordnung.In cases where the material to be shredded consists of relatively long-stemmed pieces, such as the z. B. in shrubs and some trees is the case, or has a low density, as is the case, for example, with straw, one or more flat knives 14, 19 can also be placed eccentrically on the top of the sieve and spin plate 6, which are in themselves unnecessary in the case of numerous goods to be shredded are, but also have a performance-enhancing effect. For reasons of balancing, such flat knives 14, 19 are preferably used in pairs, each with a diametrical mutual arrangement.

Bei der Ausführung gemäss Fig. 2 und 3 sind die Flachmesser 14 als Stechfingermesser ausgebildet. Die Stechfinger 22 solcher Flachmesser 14 haben an ihrer in Drehrichtung 24 des Sieb- und Schleudertellers 6 vorderen Stirnseite im Abstand oberhalb der Arbeitsfläche des Sieb- und Schleudertellers verlaufende Schneidkanten 23, an die sich unterseitig eine eingezogene Spankehle 25 anschliesst. Die in Seitenansicht dementsprechend keilförmigen Stechfinger 22 gehen kammförmig von einem der Drehrichtung 24 abgewandten geschlossenen Messerrücken 26 aus und begrenzen zwischen sich Freiräume 27, die bis auf die Arbeitsfläche des Sieb- und Schleudertellers herabreichen und im Bereich des Messerrückens 26 von einer nach oben hin keilförmig ansteigenden Abschlussfläche 28 begrenzt sind. Die Breite der Freiräume 27 zwischen den Stechfingern 22 entspricht vorzugsweise zumindest im wesentlichen der maximalen Sieblochabmessung.2 and 3, the flat knives 14 are designed as piercing knives. The piercing fingers 22 of such flat knives 14 have cutting edges 23 on their front end in the direction of rotation 24 of the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 at a distance above the working surface of the sieve and centrifugal plate, to which a retracted chip groove 25 adjoins on the underside. The corresponding wedge-shaped piercing fingers 22 emanate from a comb-shaped knife back 26 facing away from the direction of rotation 24 and delimit between them spaces 27 which extend down to the working surface of the sieve and centrifugal plate and in the region of the knife back 26 from a wedge-shaped rising upwards End area 28 are limited. The width of the free spaces 27 between the piercing fingers 22 preferably corresponds at least essentially to the maximum sieve hole dimension.

Statt einer solchen Ausführung, bei der die Flachmesser 14 eine Schneid- und Brechfunktion ausüben, können die Flachmesser 19 auch gemäss Fig. 4 als flache Kreisscheibe ausgebildet sein, die eine kreisförmige, im Abstand oberhalb der Arbeitsfläche des Sieb- und Schleudertellers 6 verlaufende Schneidkante 20 besitzt und zwischen dieser und der Arbeitsfläche eine umlaufende, kegelig eingezogene oder einwärts gewölbte Spankehle 21 aufweist.Instead of such an embodiment, in which the flat knives 14 perform a cutting and breaking function, the flat knives 19 can also be designed according to FIG. 4 as a flat circular disk, which has a circular cutting edge 20 which extends at a distance above the working surface of the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 has and between this and the work surface has a circumferential, tapered or inwardly curved chip groove 21.

Zum Betrieb der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung wird Zerkleinerungsgut bestimmungsgemässer Art in den Füllschacht des Gehäuses 1 eingefüllt, z. B. bis zu einer 2/3-Höhe des Füllschachtes. Wird nun der Sieb- und Schleuderteller 6 in Umdrehung versetzt, so gelangt nach und nach das gesamte Zerkleinerungsgut in die eingangs beschriebene trombenförmige Umwälzbewegung, und zwar durch die Zentrifugalwirkung des Sieb- und Schleudertellers auf das mit ihm in Berührung kommende Gut. Im Zentralbereich des Füllschachtes entsteht ein Hohltrichter in der umgewälzten Gutmasse, und der Führungskegel 10 stellt sicher, dass sich im Mittelbereich des Sieb-und Schleudertellers 6 keine Gutansammlungen bilden können, die sich der Umwälzbewegung entziehen. Aufgrund dieser trombenförmigen Umwälzbewegung zerkleinert sich das Zerkleinerungsgut durch gegenseitiges Aneinanderreiben, -schlagen und -stossen selbst, wobei die gewünschten zerkleinernden Kräfte durch die Prallwirkungen der Mitnehmernocken 17 verstärkt werden. Die Flachmesser tragen ihrerseits bei den schon erwähnten schwieriger zu verarbeitenden Zerkleinerungsgütern zu einer Vorzerkleinerung bei, so dass auch derartige Güter in den Umwälzkreislauf gelangen. Sich während der Umwälz-Selbstzerkleinerung bildende zerkleinerte Stückchen oder Teilchen, deren Abmessungen die Abmessungen der Sieblöcher 8 unterschreiten, fallen durch die Sieblöcher 8 hindurch oder werden durch diese hindurch gedrückt, sobald sie im Zuge der Umwälzbewegungen auf den Sieb- und Schleuderteller 6 auftreffen bzw. über diesen hinweggleiten. Die Sieblöcher 8 sind in ihrer Form und Abmessung in Ansehung des gewünschten Zerkleinerungsgrades etc. frei wählbar, können von zylindrischen oder sich leicht kegelig erweiternden Bohrungen gebildet sein und besitzen an ihrem Übergang in die Arbeitsfläche des Sieb- und Schleudertellers Kanten, die ihrerseits im Zerkleinerungs- und Förderantriebssinne aggressiv auf das zu zerkleinernde Gut im Füllschacht einwirken. Die durch die Sieblöcher 8 nach unten hindurchtretenden Gutteilchen werden unmittelbar von den Förderflügeln 7 erfasst und durch die Austragöffnung 12 herausgeschleudert, wobei ihre Austragung durch den oben erwähnten Luftstrom unterstützt werden kann.To operate the comminution device, comminuted goods are filled as intended into the filling shaft of the housing 1, for. For example, up to a 2/3 the height of the filling shaft. If the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 is now set in rotation, the entire comminution material gradually reaches the trombone-shaped circulating movement described at the outset, namely by the centrifugal action of the sieve and centrifugal plate on the material coming into contact with it. A hollow funnel is created in the circulated material mass in the central region of the filling shaft, and the guide cone 10 ensures that no material accumulations can be formed in the central region of the sieve and centrifugal plate 6, which can escape the circulating movement. Due to this drum-shaped circulating movement, the comminuted material is self-crushing by rubbing against one another, beating and bumping, the desired crushing forces being increased by the impact effects of the driving cams 17. The flat knives in turn contribute to a pre-shredding in the case of the comminution goods which are already more difficult to process, so that such goods also get into the circulation cycle. Crushed pieces or particles that form during the self-comminution, the dimensions of which are less than the dimensions of the sieve holes 8, fall through or are pressed through the sieve holes 8 as soon as they strike the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 in the course of the circulating movements or glide over it. The sieve holes 8 can be freely selected in terms of their shape and dimensions in view of the desired degree of comminution, etc., can be formed by cylindrical or slightly tapered bores and have edges at their transition into the working surface of the sieve and centrifugal plate, which in turn are in the comminution and conveyor drive senses act aggressively on the material to be shredded in the filling shaft. The good particles passing down through the sieve holes 8 are captured directly by the conveying vanes 7 and flung out through the discharge opening 12, their discharge being able to be supported by the air flow mentioned above.

Der stumpfwinklige Führungskegel 10 verhindert nicht nur Materialansammlungen im Mittelbereich, sondern auch ein planes Auflegen von plattenförmigen Stücken etc., so dass auch solche Gegenstände durch Abkippen immer wieder in den Wirkungsbereich der Flachmesser 14 oder 19 gelangen und eine fortschreitende Vorzerkleinerung erfahren. Die stumpfwinklige Kegelausführung verhindert dabei auch ein Festklemmen von Gegenständen zwischen dem Führungskegel 10 und der Wandung des Gehäuses 1. Bei auftretenden Stauwirkungen können Gegenstände auch von aussen nach innen zurückgehalten bzw. -gedrückt werden, die dann durch die Aussenfläche des Führungskegels nach oben geleitet und wieder in die Gutbewegung eingeführt werden.The obtuse-angled guide cone 10 not only prevents material accumulation in the central area, but also prevents plate-shaped pieces from being placed flat, so that even such objects repeatedly fall into the effective range of the flat knives 14 or 19 by tipping and undergo progressive pre-comminution. The obtuse-angled cone design also prevents objects from jamming between the guide cone 10 and the wall of the housing 1. In the event of congestion effects, objects can also be retained or pressed from the outside inwards, which are then directed upwards through the outer surface of the guide cone and again be introduced into the goods movement.

Das Stechfingermesser 14 schlägt aus grösseren Gegenständen recht genau begrenzte Stücke heraus und ist daher für nahezu alle brech- und schneidbaren Zerkleinerungsgüter besonders geeignet, zumal die Freiräume Brechwirkungen auf spanige Gegenstände begünstigen, die sich in die Spankehle 25 unter den Stechfingern 22 legen können. Die Flachmesser 19 in Kreisform bieten hingegen eine vergleichsweise längere Schneidkante dar und haben auf bestimmte stückige Zerkleinerungsgegenstände eine stärker schneidende Wirkung und infolge ihrer Rundform eine gute Durchdringungswirkung beim Hindurchgehen durch den umgewälzten Materialstrom.The piercing knife 14 strikes very precisely delimited pieces out of larger objects and is therefore particularly suitable for almost all crushable and cutable comminution materials, especially since the free spaces favor breaking effects on machined objects which can lie in the chip groove 25 under the piercing fingers 22. The flat knives 19 in circular form, on the other hand, offer a comparatively longer cutting edge and have a more cutting effect on certain lumpy comminution objects and, owing to their round shape, a good penetration effect when passing through the circulated material flow.

Der oben schon erwähnte, sich durch den Füllschacht und den Sieb- und Schleuderteller 6 hindurch ausbildende Luftstrom unterstützt nicht nur das Austragen hinreichend weit zerkleinerter Gutteilchen durch den Stutzen 13, sondern er erfüllt auch eine Kühlwirkung, und insbesondere eine verstärkte Absiebung, da die äbwärts gerichtete Bewegungskomponente auf das Zerkleinerungsgut, insbesondere bereits in diesem enthaltene hinreichend weit zerkleinerte Gutteilchen verstärkt wird. Auch der Gesamtandruck der in Umwälzung befindenden Gutmasse auf dem Sieb-und Schleuderteller 6 wird verstärkt.The air flow mentioned above, which forms through the filling shaft and the sieve and centrifuge plate 6, not only supports the discharge of sufficiently comminuted good particles through the nozzle 13, but also fulfills a cooling effect, and in particular an increased sieving, since it is directed downwards Movement component on the comminuted material, in particular already sufficiently comminuted good particles contained therein is strengthened. The total pressure of the material mass in circulation on the sieve and centrifugal plate 6 is also increased.

Anstelle einer einteiligen Ausbildung des Sieb-und Schleudertellers 6 kann dieser auch aus Kreissegmenten zusammengesetzt sein, die auf die Förderflügel 7 als tragendes Gerippe aufgesetzt und einzeln mit den Förderflügeln 7 verbunden sind, so dass gegebenenfalls Teilauswechslungen im Zuge von Instandhaltungsarbeiten möglich sind.Instead of a one-piece design of the sieve and centrifugal plate 6, the latter can also be composed of circular segments which are placed on the conveying vanes 7 as supporting skeletons and are individually connected to the conveying vanes 7, so that partial replacements are possible in the course of maintenance work.

Zur Erhöhung der Durchsatzleistung können auch zwei oder mehr Sieb- und Schleuderteller koaxial mit Abstand übereinander angeordnet werden. In einem solchen Falle mit mehreren übereinander angeordneten Sieb- und Schleudertellern können die Abmessungen der Sieblöcher vom obersten zum untersten Sieb-und Schleuderteller hin abnehmen.To increase the throughput, two or more sieve and spin plates can be arranged coaxially one above the other. In such a case with a plurality of sieve and centrifugal plates arranged one above the other, the dimensions of the sieve holes can decrease from the uppermost to the lowest sieve and centrifugal plates.

Claims (11)

1. A shredding device for refuse, consisting of a housing (1) which is circular in cross-section and defines an upright loading shaft, accessible from above and which has a bottom (2) as a lower termination of the interior of the housing, a discharge opening (12) disposed substantially near the bottom for shredded material, a sieve in the form of a rotating, substantially disc-shaped plate (6), which is driven in the interior of the housing, provided with screen holes (8), has an external diameter corresponding substantially to the internal diameter of the housing (1) and is disposed before the discharge opening (12) and which is secured to a drive shaft (5) extending coaxially through the bottom into the interior of the housing, characterised in that the plate (6) forms a combined screening and centrifugal tool setting the material in the loading shaft, which is substantially free of installations, in a substantially trumpet- shaped circulating motion for the dry shredding of refuse in the form of solid pieces.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the screen holes (8) have sharp edges.
3. A device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the screening and centrifugal tool (6) is provided at its top, in the region of its circumferential edge, with at least one entrainment dog (17).
4. A device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that an upwardly projecting guide cone (10) is mounted on the central region of the screening and centrifugal tool (6).
5. A device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the screening and centrifugal tool (6) is provided with screen holes (8) in the region of its whole working face adjacent to the loading shaft.
6. A device as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that the spacing between adjacent screen holes (8) in the working face of the screening and centrifugal tool (6), decreases from the inside towards the circumferential edge.
7. A device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that at least one flat knife (14, 19) cutting freely is additionally mounted eccentrically on the top of the screening and centrifugal tool (6).
8. A device as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that the flat knife or knives are constructed in the form of a flat circular plate (19) which comprises a circular cutting edge (20), extending with spacing above the working face of the screening and centrifugal tool (6), and a circular chip throat (21) between this and the working face.
9. A device as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that the flat knife or knives are constructed in the form of piercing finger knives (14), the piercing fingers (22) of which comprise cutting edges (23) at their front end in the direction of rotation (24), extending with spacing above the working face of the screening and centrifugal tool (6) and a recessed chip channel (25) between the cutting edges and the working face.
10. A device as claimed in claim 9, characterised in that the piercing fingers (22) of the piercing finger knife (14) project in the form of a comb from a closed back (26) of the knife remote from the direction of rotation (24) and define free spaces (27) between them which reach down to the working face of the screening and centrifugal tool (6) and are bounded, in the region of the back of the knife, by an end face (28) rising in the form of a wedge.
11. A device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that disposed below the screening and centrifugal tool (6) are conveyor vanes (7) which participate in the rotation as centrifugal and blower vanes in an annular space between the under side of the screening and centrifugal tool and the bottom (2) of the housing (1), the conveyor vanes being connected to the under side of the screening and centrifugal tool and forming stiffening means, aligned substantially radially, for this.
EP82105353A 1981-06-27 1982-06-18 Shredding device for refuse Expired EP0068353B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82105353T ATE22234T1 (en) 1981-06-27 1982-06-18 WASTE SHREDDING DEVICE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3125309 1981-06-27
DE3125309A DE3125309C2 (en) 1981-06-27 1981-06-27 Shredding device for waste

Publications (3)

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EP0068353A2 EP0068353A2 (en) 1983-01-05
EP0068353A3 EP0068353A3 (en) 1984-07-04
EP0068353B1 true EP0068353B1 (en) 1986-09-17

Family

ID=6135500

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EP82105353A Expired EP0068353B1 (en) 1981-06-27 1982-06-18 Shredding device for refuse

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US4520964A (en)
EP (1) EP0068353B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS586250A (en)
AT (1) ATE22234T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1187851A (en)
DE (2) DE3125309C2 (en)
DK (1) DK258882A (en)
NO (1) NO156398C (en)

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US4629132A (en) * 1985-05-16 1986-12-16 Bricker Products, Inc. Shredder attachment for a food processor
US5004167A (en) * 1989-11-29 1991-04-02 Mcgee Dwight H Pneumatic grinding mill
US5186402A (en) * 1992-01-21 1993-02-16 Lin Yung Jyi Injection needle disposal device
DE9304774U1 (en) * 1993-03-29 1993-06-03 Steinmax Werkzeuge Gmbh, 8800 Ansbach, De
US20070001039A1 (en) * 2005-06-29 2007-01-04 Joachim Steinbeck Comminution mill
JP2008237941A (en) * 2005-07-08 2008-10-09 Technical Kiko Kk Grinding device
WO2007046726A1 (en) * 2005-10-21 2007-04-26 Actec Llc Method for reprocessing wood mill wastes
AT508925B1 (en) * 2010-01-14 2011-05-15 Erema RUNNER WASHER

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DE1803019A1 (en) * 1951-01-28 1970-07-09 Sfm Corp Method and apparatus for processing waste material
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4520964A (en) 1985-06-04
CA1187851A (en) 1985-05-28
DE3273318D1 (en) 1986-10-23
DK258882A (en) 1982-12-28
JPS6224133B2 (en) 1987-05-27
EP0068353A3 (en) 1984-07-04
ATE22234T1 (en) 1986-10-15
JPS586250A (en) 1983-01-13
DE3125309A1 (en) 1983-01-13
NO156398C (en) 1987-09-16
NO822059L (en) 1982-12-28
DE3125309C2 (en) 1986-07-24
EP0068353A2 (en) 1983-01-05
NO156398B (en) 1987-06-09

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