EP0340151B1 - Mill - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0340151B1
EP0340151B1 EP89710033A EP89710033A EP0340151B1 EP 0340151 B1 EP0340151 B1 EP 0340151B1 EP 89710033 A EP89710033 A EP 89710033A EP 89710033 A EP89710033 A EP 89710033A EP 0340151 B1 EP0340151 B1 EP 0340151B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
guide
beater
drum
screen
rotor
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EP89710033A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0340151A2 (en
EP0340151A3 (en
Inventor
Theo Mertens
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT89710033T priority Critical patent/ATE86144T1/en
Publication of EP0340151A2 publication Critical patent/EP0340151A2/en
Publication of EP0340151A3 publication Critical patent/EP0340151A3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/282—Shape or inner surface of mill-housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/02—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft
    • B02C13/04—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft with beaters hinged to the rotor; Hammer mills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/28—Shape or construction of beater elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hammer mill for comminuting grain according to the features in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Hammer mills of this type are used, for example, to process grain into animal feed.
  • a generic hammer mill is known in which a circular housing concentrically surrounds a sieve drum.
  • the sieve drum has a continuous sieve on the circumference.
  • One side wall of the sieve drum is closed in its surface, while in the other side wall there is an inlet for the grain to be ground.
  • Pre-cutting knives are arranged in the transition area from the inlet to the sieve drum, a deflecting disc preventing the pre-comminuted grain from axially penetrating into the interior of the sieve drum. The pre-shredded grain is rather displaced radially by the pre-cutting knives.
  • a fan is arranged between the closed side wall of the screen drum and the side wall of the housing opposite the inlet, the blades of which extend around the circumference of the screen of the screen drum.
  • a rotor On the drive shaft carrying the fan, a rotor is provided in the interior of the screening drum with a total of four sets of pivotable ones distributed over the circumference Hammer.
  • the hammer sets grind the grain and fling it through the sieve of the sieve drum.
  • the rotor also carries two diametrically opposite broaching tools with respect to the drive shaft between two sets of hammers. These are non-rotatably connected to the rotor.
  • the broaching tools do not serve as striking tools, but should only be used for the stickies, spindle parts and e.g. on the inside of the sieve drum. Peel broken corn to prevent the drum from becoming blocked.
  • the ground grain emerging from the peripheral side of the sieve drum is transported away by means of the blower via a conveyor pipe connected tangentially to the housing.
  • a hammer mill for crushing and separating grinding materials consisting of different materials is known, which is provided with an elongated housing having an inlet at one end, in which a hammer rotor provided on its underside is arranged which has differently designed hammers.
  • This hammer mill can be used to separate crushed stems or straws, e.g. of dried sugar cane, Chinese sugar cane, bamboo, reed, corn stalks and the like are used to separate their fiber and pulp components; also for separating high-quality and other fiber materials that are mixed with cement.
  • crushed stems or straws e.g. of dried sugar cane, Chinese sugar cane, bamboo, reed, corn stalks and the like are used to separate their fiber and pulp components; also for separating high-quality and other fiber materials that are mixed with cement.
  • the rotor is divided into a grinding zone and then into a beating zone.
  • the hammers in the grinding zone consist of a plurality of hammer groups next to each other, distributed over the length of the rotor, each of which has grinding, lifting and conveying hammers, while the hammers of the striking zone have strikers which enable gentle treatment of the coarse material passing through the striking zone, that is to say are designed in such a way that they do not essentially split the coarse material, but essentially only serve to separate the already existing fine material which adheres to the coarse material.
  • one type of hammers mainly serves to produce the grinding effect, another type primarily to convey and loosen the mixture which is passed through the grinding zone.
  • the milling hammers are provided with convex hammer surfaces and the lifting hammers with spoon-like hammer heads, while the end faces of the hammer heads are chamfered towards the outlet end of the conveyor hammers. Furthermore, the hammers are arranged with respect to the adjacent groups so that the grinding hammers, the lifting hammers and the conveyor hammers of adjacent groups are offset in relation to one another in the circumferential direction.
  • the milling hammers, lifting hammers and conveyor hammers of neighboring groups can each be arranged on a spiral in the course of the milling zone.
  • the object of the invention is to design it with simple means so that the grain is largely broken up and not ground with comparatively little energy expenditure.
  • the guide bat runs at a close distance from the drum wall and peels off the material located in the area of the drum wall, in such a way that it is directed onto the impact beater arranged behind it.
  • the impact beater is designed in such a way that the material lifted from the guide beater hits the impact beater at an acute angle, is smashed there and is thrown back in the direction of the drum wall. As far as the material is then already crushed to the desired grain size, it emerges through the sieve recesses in the sieve drum. Larger grains are picked up by the next leading beater and in turn fed to the impact beater in the same way as described above.
  • the guide plate of the guide paddle and the impact plate of the impact paddle can be varied over a wide range, depending on the design of the hammer mill and the material to be processed. Influencing factors here are the speed of the rotor, the radius of the screening drum, the material to be processed and the throughput.
  • the guide plate with its surface facing the drum wall can have an acute angle of approximately 30 ° to the drum tangent and the baffle plate with its surface can have an acute angle of approximately 60 ° to the drum tangent (tangent in the fictitious point of contact of the racket on the drum) .
  • the guide plate of the guide beater is aligned during operation of the hammer mill, that is to say when the rotor is rotated, by the centrifugal force in such a way that its front edge, viewed in the direction of rotation, runs at a close distance from the drum wall.
  • the guide plate passing near the drum wall lifts the material in the area of the drum wall and directs it along this plate in the direction of rotation to the rear, where it then hits the impact beater, smashed and in the direction of the sieve drum is thrown back.
  • This arrangement of the guide plate enables the material to be lifted from the drum wall with low frictional resistance and largely prevents the material from being ground between the guide plate and the drum wall.
  • guide or impact beaters can be arranged side by side on a rotor axis. However, preferably only one guide beater or one impact beater is articulated on each axis, which extends over the entire drum width. This offers the advantage that the material is gripped and broken over the entire drum width.
  • the air inside the drum can circulate freely between the rotor and the plates around the narrow support bodies located between them.
  • Such a training is favorable in terms of production technology, since overall few individual parts are to be provided.
  • the guide and baffle plates can, for example, be articulated to the associated axis on the rotor via supporting bodies provided in the outer region.
  • the supporting body and plate can be connected to one another, for example, by welding.
  • this design permits a relatively light construction of the rackets, which means a lower load on the rotor and in particular on the bearings accommodating the rotor.
  • the plates at the end of the support body can cover almost the entire drum width without causing a blower effect in the remaining area of the drum, since the air can circulate freely in the area of the relatively narrow support body.
  • the relative speed between the material in the drum and the rackets is advantageously increased, so that the material hits the disks at high speed and is broken.
  • the beaters are preferably mounted with limited articulation on an axis of the axes provided on the rotor, so that they can move backwards over a certain range in operation when they encounter obstacles such as small stones or the like. After overcoming such an obstacle, the rackets then automatically return to their intended working position due to the centrifugal force. In this way, premature wear or damage to the hammer mill by foreign bodies can be prevented on the one hand, and effective protection against overloading of the rotor and drive is formed on the other hand.
  • the hammer mill shown has a housing 1 in which a cylindrical sieve drum 2 is arranged.
  • the sieve drum 2 is formed by a sieve which is arranged cylindrically between the walls of the housing 1 and is laterally closed by the housing walls 3.
  • the screening drum 2 is arranged at a distance from the housing walls 4 and has on its upper side a loading opening 5 which can be completely or partially shut off by a slide 6.
  • the loading opening 5 is guided through the top of the housing 1 and at the same time forms the discharge opening of a storage container 7, which sits on the top of the mill housing 1.
  • the housing walls 3 are penetrated approximately in the middle by a shaft 8 of a rotor 9.
  • the shaft 8 is mounted in bearings 10 on the outside of the housing 1 and has a pulley 11 at one end, via which the mill can be connected to a drive unit.
  • the rotor 9 has two disks 12 fixedly connected to the shaft 8, between which axles 13 are fastened near their outer circumference.
  • the axes 13 are arranged parallel to the axis of rotation 14 of the shaft 8. As the section according to FIG. 1 shows, the axes 13 are all at the same radial distance from the axis of rotation 14 and are each distributed in pairs over the circumference.
  • a guide beater 15 or an impact beater 16 is mounted in a limited articulated manner on each axis 13. Seen in the direction of rotation 17 of the rotor 9, the guide beater 15 and the impact beater 16 are each arranged in pairs according to the axis distribution, the guide beater 15 lying in the direction of rotation 17 lying in front of the impact beater 16.
  • Each guide rack 15 consists of two support bodies 18 and a guide plate 19 attached to them.
  • the support bodies 18 are rod-shaped and articulated at one end to the associated axis 13.
  • the guide plate 19 connecting them is welded to the free outer end of the support body 18.
  • the guide plate 19 is arranged so that it can be freely pivoted within the screening drum 2 and runs in its operating position with the front edge at a close distance from the screening drum 2.
  • the guide plate 15 in the operating position shown (FIG. 1) forms an acute angle of approximately 30 ° with the tangent of the screening drum 2 at this point.
  • Each impact beater 16 likewise consists of two support bodies 20 and a baffle plate 21 connecting them.
  • the rod-shaped support bodies 20 are articulated at one end to the associated axis 13 and welded to the baffle plate 21 at their other end.
  • the baffle plate 21 is arranged so that it runs in the operating position with its rear edge at a close distance from the wall of the screen drum.
  • the baffle plate 21 forms an open angle in the direction of rotation 17 with the tangent of the screen drum 2 at this point of approximately 60 °.
  • the shaft 8 of the rotor 9 is driven in the direction of rotation 17 via the pulley 11 and a drive machine (not shown) connected to it.
  • the guide beater 15 and the impact beater 16 align themselves approximately radially due to the centrifugal force, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the front edges of the guide plates 19 and the rear edges of the baffle plates 21 run close to the screen drum wall.
  • Gravity, centrifugal force and air whirling within the sieve drum 2 then describe the material filled into the drum 2 a path near the drum wall, as is illustrated in FIG. 1 by the arrows shown.
  • the larger particles are at least partially thrown onto the sieve drum 2 by the recoil on the baffle plate 21 and likewise broken up. This process is repeated continuously by the following pairs of clubs 15, 16.
  • the material is continuously fed out of the storage container 7, and the broken up grain is discharged via a discharge opening 22 on the underside of the housing 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Abstract

The mill has a housing 1 in which a cylindrical sieving drum 2 is arranged which can be fed from above with grain through a feed opening 5. A driven rotor 9 to which beaters 15, 16 are coupled is arranged within the sieving drum 2. The beaters 15, 16 are arranged in each case in pairs viewed in the direction 17 of rotation of the rotor 9, the material being initially lifted away from the drum wall by an advancing guide beater 15 and directed towards a following impact beater 16 with which the grain is crushed and thrown back to the sieving drum wall. The milled material passing through the sieving drum 2 is led off by means of an extraction opening 22 on the underside of the housing 1. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Hammermühle zur Zerkleinerung von Getreide gemäß den Merkmalen im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a hammer mill for comminuting grain according to the features in the preamble of claim 1.

Hammermühlen dieser Art dienen beispielsweise zur Verarbeitung von Getreide zu Viehfutter.Hammer mills of this type are used, for example, to process grain into animal feed.

Durch die AT-PS 361 762 ist eine gattungsgemäße Hammermühle bekannt, bei welcher ein kreisrundes Gehäuse eine Siebtrommel konzentrisch umschließt. Die Siebtrommel weist ein umfangsseitig durchgehendes Sieb auf. Eine Seitenwand der Siebtrommel ist in der Fläche geschlossen ausgebildet, während in der anderen Seitenwand ein Einlaß für das zu zerkleinernde Getreide vorgesehen ist. Im Übergangsbereich von dem Einlaß auf die Siebtrommel sind Vorschneidmesser angeordnet, wobei eine Abweisscheibe das axiale Eindringen des vorzerkleinerten Getreides in das Innere der Siebtrommel verhindert. Das vorzerkleinerte Getreide wird vielmehr durch die Vorschneidmesser radial verdrängt.From AT-PS 361 762 a generic hammer mill is known in which a circular housing concentrically surrounds a sieve drum. The sieve drum has a continuous sieve on the circumference. One side wall of the sieve drum is closed in its surface, while in the other side wall there is an inlet for the grain to be ground. Pre-cutting knives are arranged in the transition area from the inlet to the sieve drum, a deflecting disc preventing the pre-comminuted grain from axially penetrating into the interior of the sieve drum. The pre-shredded grain is rather displaced radially by the pre-cutting knives.

Zwischen der geschlossenen Seitenwand der Siebtrommel und der dem Einlaß gegenüberliegenden Seitenwand des Gehäuses ist ein Gebläse angeordnet, dessen Flügel sich umfangsseitig des Siebs der Siebtrommel erstrecken.A fan is arranged between the closed side wall of the screen drum and the side wall of the housing opposite the inlet, the blades of which extend around the circumference of the screen of the screen drum.

Auf der das Gebläse tragenden Antriebswelle ist im Innern der Siebtrommel ein Rotor vorgesehen mit insgesamt vier über den Umfang verteilt angeordneten Sätzen von schwenkbaren Hämmern. Die Hämmersätze vermahlen das Getreide und schleudern es durch das Sieb der Siebtrommel.On the drive shaft carrying the fan, a rotor is provided in the interior of the screening drum with a total of four sets of pivotable ones distributed over the circumference Hammer. The hammer sets grind the grain and fling it through the sieve of the sieve drum.

Zwischen jeweils zwei Hämmersätzen trägt der Rotor darüberhinaus zei bezüglich der Antriebswelle einander diametral gegenüberliegende Räumwerkzeuge. Diese sind drehfest mit dem Rotor verbunden. Die Räumwerkzeuge dienen nicht als Schlagwerkzeuge, sondern sollen lediglich die an der Innenseite der Siebtrommel anhaftenden Lieschen, Spindelteile und z.B. Maisbrüche abschälen, um eine Verstopfung der Siebtrommel zu verhindern.The rotor also carries two diametrically opposite broaching tools with respect to the drive shaft between two sets of hammers. These are non-rotatably connected to the rotor. The broaching tools do not serve as striking tools, but should only be used for the stickies, spindle parts and e.g. on the inside of the sieve drum. Peel broken corn to prevent the drum from becoming blocked.

Das umfangsseitig aus der Siebtrommel tretende zermahlene Getreide wird mit Hilfe des Gebläses über ein tangential an das Gehäuse angeschlossenes Förderrohr abtransportiert.The ground grain emerging from the peripheral side of the sieve drum is transported away by means of the blower via a conveyor pipe connected tangentially to the housing.

Aus der DE-PS 11 33 221 ist eine Hammermühle zum Zerkleinern und Trennen von aus unterschiedlichen Stoffen bestehenden Mahlgütern bekannt, die mit einem langgestreckten, an einem Ende ein Guteinlaß aufweisenden Gehäuse versehen ist, in dem ein auf seiner Unterseite mit einem Sieb versehener Hammerrotor angeordnet ist, der unterschiedlich gestaltete Hämmer aufweist.From DE-PS 11 33 221 a hammer mill for crushing and separating grinding materials consisting of different materials is known, which is provided with an elongated housing having an inlet at one end, in which a hammer rotor provided on its underside is arranged which has differently designed hammers.

Diese Hammermühle kann zur Trennung zerquetschter Stiele oder Halme, wie z.B. von getrocknetem Zuckerrohr, chinesischem Zuckerrohr, Bambus, Schilfrohr, Maishalmen und dergleichen benutzt werden, um ihre Faser- und Markbestandteile voneinander zu scheiden; ferner zum Trennen hochwertiger und sonstiger Fasermaterialien, die mit Zement gemischt sind.This hammer mill can be used to separate crushed stems or straws, e.g. of dried sugar cane, Chinese sugar cane, bamboo, reed, corn stalks and the like are used to separate their fiber and pulp components; also for separating high-quality and other fiber materials that are mixed with cement.

Der Rotor ist ausgehend vom Einlaßende in eine Mahlzone und daran anschließend in eine Schlagzone unterteilt. Dabei bestehen die Hämmer der Mahlzone aus einer Mehrzahl von nebeneinander, über die Länge des Rotors verteilter Hammergruppen, von denen jede Mahl-, Hebe- und Förderhämmer aufweist, während die Hämmer der Schlagzone Schläger aufweisen, die eine schonende Behandlung des durch die Schlagzone gehenden groben Materials ermöglichen, also so gestaltet sind, daß sie das grobe Material nicht wesentlich zerteilen, sondern im wesentlichen nur der Abtrennung des bereits vorhandenen feinen Materials, das am groben Material haftet, dienen.Starting from the inlet end, the rotor is divided into a grinding zone and then into a beating zone. The hammers in the grinding zone consist of a plurality of hammer groups next to each other, distributed over the length of the rotor, each of which has grinding, lifting and conveying hammers, while the hammers of the striking zone have strikers which enable gentle treatment of the coarse material passing through the striking zone, that is to say are designed in such a way that they do not essentially split the coarse material, but essentially only serve to separate the already existing fine material which adheres to the coarse material.

In der Mahlzone dient eine Art der Hämmer vorwiegend zur Erzeugung des Mahleffekts, eine andere Art vorwiegend zum Fördern und Auflockern der Mischung, die durch die Mahlzone geführt wird.In the grinding zone, one type of hammers mainly serves to produce the grinding effect, another type primarily to convey and loosen the mixture which is passed through the grinding zone.

Die Mahlhämmer sind mit konvexen Hammerflächen und die Hebehämmer mit löffelartigen Hammerköpfen versehen, während bei den Förderhämmern die Stirnflächen der Hammerköpfe zum Auslaufende hin abgeschrägt sind. Weiter sind die Hämmer in Bezug auf die benachbarten Gruppen so angeordnet, daß die Mahlhämmer, die Hebehämmer und die Förderhämmer benachbarter Gruppen in Umfangsrichtung gegeneinander versetzt sind. Die Mahlhämmer, die Hebehämmer und die Förderhämmer benachbarter Gruppen können dabei im Verlauf der Mahlzone je auf einer Spirale angeordnet sein.The milling hammers are provided with convex hammer surfaces and the lifting hammers with spoon-like hammer heads, while the end faces of the hammer heads are chamfered towards the outlet end of the conveyor hammers. Furthermore, the hammers are arranged with respect to the adjacent groups so that the grinding hammers, the lifting hammers and the conveyor hammers of adjacent groups are offset in relation to one another in the circumferential direction. The milling hammers, lifting hammers and conveyor hammers of neighboring groups can each be arranged on a spiral in the course of the milling zone.

Ausgehend von der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 beschriebenen Hammermühle liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese mit einfachen Mitteln so auszubilden, daß das Getreide mit vergleichsweise geringem Energieaufwand weitgehend zerschlagen und nicht zermahlen wird.Based on the hammer mill described in the preamble of claim 1, the object of the invention is to design it with simple means so that the grain is largely broken up and not ground with comparatively little energy expenditure.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Der Leitschläger läuft in dichtem Abstand zur Trommelwandung und schält das im Bereich der Trommelwandung befindliche Gut ab, und zwar derart, daß es auf den dahinter angeordneten Prallschläger geleitet wird. Der Prallschläger ist so ausgebildet, daß das vom Leitschläger abgehobene Gut im spitzen Winkel auf den Prallschläger trifft, dort zerschlagen und in Richtung auf die Trommelwandung zurückgeworfen wird. Soweit das Gut dann bereits auf die gewünschte Korngröße zerschlagen ist, tritt es durch die Siebausnehmungen in der Siebtrommel aus. Größere Körner werden vom nächstfolgenden Leitschläger erfaßt und wiederum in gleicher Weise wie vorbeschrieben dem Prallschläger zugeführt.The guide bat runs at a close distance from the drum wall and peels off the material located in the area of the drum wall, in such a way that it is directed onto the impact beater arranged behind it. The impact beater is designed in such a way that the material lifted from the guide beater hits the impact beater at an acute angle, is smashed there and is thrown back in the direction of the drum wall. As far as the material is then already crushed to the desired grain size, it emerges through the sieve recesses in the sieve drum. Larger grains are picked up by the next leading beater and in turn fed to the impact beater in the same way as described above.

Zu der Winkelbemessung von Leitplatte des Leitschlägers und Prallplatte des Prallschlägers ist zu bemerken, daß diese in weiten Bereichen variiert werden kann, je nach Auslegung der Hammermühle und des zu verarbeitenden Guts. Einflußfaktoren sind hier Drehzahl des Rotors, Radius der Siebtrommel, zu verarbeitendes Gut und Durchsatzmenge. Beispielhaft sei angegeben, daß die Leitplatte mit ihrer zur Trommelwandung weisenden Fläche einen spitzen Winkel von etwa 30° zur Trommeltangente und die Prallplatte mit ihrer Fläche einen spitzen Winkel von etwa 60° zur Trommeltangente aufweisen kann (Tangente im fiktiven Berührungspunkt des Schlägers an der Trommel).With regard to the angular dimensioning of the guide plate of the guide paddle and the impact plate of the impact paddle, it should be noted that this can be varied over a wide range, depending on the design of the hammer mill and the material to be processed. Influencing factors here are the speed of the rotor, the radius of the screening drum, the material to be processed and the throughput. As an example, it should be stated that the guide plate with its surface facing the drum wall can have an acute angle of approximately 30 ° to the drum tangent and the baffle plate with its surface can have an acute angle of approximately 60 ° to the drum tangent (tangent in the fictitious point of contact of the racket on the drum) .

Die Leitplatte des Leitschlägers wird beim Betrieb der Hammermühle, also beim Drehen des Rotors durch die Zentrifugalkraft so ausgerichtet, daß ihre in Drehrichtung gesehen vordere Kante in dichtem Abstand zur Trommelwandung läuft. Die nahe der Trommelwandung vorbeilaufende Leitplatte hebt das im Bereich der Trommelwandung befindliche Gut ab und leitet es längs dieser Platte in Drehrichtung nach hinten, wo es dann auf den Prallschläger trifft, zerschlagen und in Richtung auf die Siebtrommel zurückgeworfen wird. Diese Anordnung der Leitplatte ermöglicht ein Anheben des Guts von der Trommelwandung unter geringem Reibungswiderstand und verhindert weitgehend ein Zermahlen des Guts zwischen Leitplatte und Trommelwandung.The guide plate of the guide beater is aligned during operation of the hammer mill, that is to say when the rotor is rotated, by the centrifugal force in such a way that its front edge, viewed in the direction of rotation, runs at a close distance from the drum wall. The guide plate passing near the drum wall lifts the material in the area of the drum wall and directs it along this plate in the direction of rotation to the rear, where it then hits the impact beater, smashed and in the direction of the sieve drum is thrown back. This arrangement of the guide plate enables the material to be lifted from the drum wall with low frictional resistance and largely prevents the material from being ground between the guide plate and the drum wall.

Auf einer Rotorachse können mehrere Leit- oder Prallschläger nebeneinander angeordnet sein. Bevorzugt ist jedoch auf jeder Achse nur ein Leitschläger bzw. ein Prallschläger angelenkt, der sich über die gesamte Trommelbreite erstreckt. Dies bietet den Vorteil, daß das Gut über die gesamte Trommelbreite erfaßt und zerschlagen wird. Die innerhalb der Trommel befindliche Luft kann zwischen Rotor und Platten um die dazwischen befindlichen schmalen Tragkörper frei zirkulieren. Im übrigen ist eine solche Ausbildung fertigungstechnisch günstig, da insgesamt wenig Einzelteile vorzusehen sind. Die Leit- und Prallplatten können beispielsweise über im äußeren Bereich vorgesehene Tragkörper an die zugehörige Achse am Rotor angelenkt sein.Several guide or impact beaters can be arranged side by side on a rotor axis. However, preferably only one guide beater or one impact beater is articulated on each axis, which extends over the entire drum width. This offers the advantage that the material is gripped and broken over the entire drum width. The air inside the drum can circulate freely between the rotor and the plates around the narrow support bodies located between them. In addition, such a training is favorable in terms of production technology, since overall few individual parts are to be provided. The guide and baffle plates can, for example, be articulated to the associated axis on the rotor via supporting bodies provided in the outer region.

Von Vorteil ist eine Weiterbildung gemäß Anspruch 2. Tragkörper und Platte können beispielsweise durch Schweißen miteinander verbunden sein. Diese Ausbildung erlaubt zum einen eine verhältnismäßig leichte Bauweise der Schläger, was eine geringere Belastung des Rotors und insbesondere der den Rotor aufnehmenden Lager bedeutet. Durch die Platten am Ende der Tragkörper kann nahezu die gesamte Trommelbreite erfaßt werden, ohne daß im übrigen Bereich der Trommel ein Gebläseeffekt entsteht, da die Luft im Bereich der verhältnismäßig schmalen Tragkörper frei zirkulieren kann. Hierdurch wird die Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen dem in der Trommel befindlichen Gut und den Schlägern in vorteilhafter Weise erhöht, so daß das Gut mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auf die Platten trifft und zerschlagen wird.A further development according to claim 2 is advantageous. The supporting body and plate can be connected to one another, for example, by welding. On the one hand, this design permits a relatively light construction of the rackets, which means a lower load on the rotor and in particular on the bearings accommodating the rotor. The plates at the end of the support body can cover almost the entire drum width without causing a blower effect in the remaining area of the drum, since the air can circulate freely in the area of the relatively narrow support body. As a result, the relative speed between the material in the drum and the rackets is advantageously increased, so that the material hits the disks at high speed and is broken.

Vorzugsweise sind die Schläger begrenzt gelenkig an einer Achse der am Rotor vorgesehenen Achsen gelagert, so daß sie über einen gewissen Bereich im Betrieb nach hinten ausweichen können, wenn sie auf Hindernisse, wie beispielsweise kleine Steine oder dergleichen treffen. Nach Überwindung eines solchen Hindernisses stellen sich die Schläger dann aufgrund der Zentrifugalkraft wieder selbsttätig in ihre vorgesehene Arbeitsstellung. Hierdurch kann einerseits ein vorzeitiger Verschleiß oder eine Beschädigung der Hammermühle durch Fremdkörper verhindert werden, zum anderen wird ein wirksamer Schutz gegen Überlastung von Rotor und Antrieb gebildet.The beaters are preferably mounted with limited articulation on an axis of the axes provided on the rotor, so that they can move backwards over a certain range in operation when they encounter obstacles such as small stones or the like. After overcoming such an obstacle, the rackets then automatically return to their intended working position due to the centrifugal force. In this way, premature wear or damage to the hammer mill by foreign bodies can be prevented on the one hand, and effective protection against overloading of the rotor and drive is formed on the other hand.

Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 in stark vereinfachter Darstellung einen Schnitt durch eine Hammermühle quer zur Trommelachse und
  • Figur 2 einen Schnitt der Mühle längs zur Trommelachse.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. Show it:
  • Figure 1 in a greatly simplified representation a section through a hammer mill transverse to the drum axis and
  • Figure 2 shows a section of the mill along the drum axis.

Die Darstellungen dienen ausschließlich zur Erläuterung des Aufbaus und der Wirkungsweise der Mühle. Sie sind nicht maßstäblich sowie stark vereinfacht gezeichnet.The illustrations serve only to explain the structure and mode of operation of the mill. They are not drawn to scale and are greatly simplified.

Die dargestellte Hammermühle weist ein Gehäuse 1 auf, in dem eine zylindrische Siebtrommel 2 angeordnet ist. Die Siebtrommel 2 ist durch ein zwischen den Wandungen des Gehäuses 1 zylindrisch angeordnetes Sieb gebildet, das seitlich durch die Gehäusewandungen 3 abgeschlossen ist. Die Siebtrommel 2 ist mit Abstand zu den Gehäusewandungen 4 angeordnet und weist an ihrer Oberseite eine Beschickungsöffnung 5 auf, die durch einen Schieber 6 ganz oder teilweise absperrbar ist.The hammer mill shown has a housing 1 in which a cylindrical sieve drum 2 is arranged. The sieve drum 2 is formed by a sieve which is arranged cylindrically between the walls of the housing 1 and is laterally closed by the housing walls 3. The screening drum 2 is arranged at a distance from the housing walls 4 and has on its upper side a loading opening 5 which can be completely or partially shut off by a slide 6.

Die Beschickungsöffnung 5 ist durch die Oberseite des Gehäuses 1 geführt und bildet gleichzeitig die Abzugsöffnung eines Vorratsbehälters 7, der an der Oberseite des Mühlengehäuses 1 sitzt.The loading opening 5 is guided through the top of the housing 1 and at the same time forms the discharge opening of a storage container 7, which sits on the top of the mill housing 1.

Die Gehäusewandungen 3 sind etwa in der Mitte durch eine Welle 8 eines Rotors 9 durchsetzt. Die Welle 8 ist in Lagern 10 an der Außenseite des Gehäuses 1 gelagert und weist an ihrem einen Ende eine Riemenscheibe 11 auf, über die die Mühle mit einem Antriebsaggregat verbindbar ist.The housing walls 3 are penetrated approximately in the middle by a shaft 8 of a rotor 9. The shaft 8 is mounted in bearings 10 on the outside of the housing 1 and has a pulley 11 at one end, via which the mill can be connected to a drive unit.

Der Rotor 9 weist zwei fest mit der Welle 8 verbundene Scheiben 12 auf, zwischen denen nahe ihres Außenumfangs Achsen 13 befestigt sind. Die Achsen 13 sind parallel zur Drehachse 14 der Welle 8 angeordnet. Wie der Schnitt nach Figur 1 zeigt, liegen die Achsen 13 alle in gleichem radialem Abstand zur Drehachse 14 und sind jeweils paarweise über den Umfang verteilt angeordnet.The rotor 9 has two disks 12 fixedly connected to the shaft 8, between which axles 13 are fastened near their outer circumference. The axes 13 are arranged parallel to the axis of rotation 14 of the shaft 8. As the section according to FIG. 1 shows, the axes 13 are all at the same radial distance from the axis of rotation 14 and are each distributed in pairs over the circumference.

An jeder Achse 13 ist ein Leitschläger 15 bzw. ein Prallschläger 16 begrenzt gelenkig gelagert. In Drehrichtung 17 des Rotors 9 gesehen sind Leitschläger 15 und Prallschläger 16 jeweils paarweise entsprechend der Achsenverteilung angeordnet, wobei der Leitschläger 15 in Drehrichtung 17 gesehen vor dem Prallschläger 16 liegt.A guide beater 15 or an impact beater 16 is mounted in a limited articulated manner on each axis 13. Seen in the direction of rotation 17 of the rotor 9, the guide beater 15 and the impact beater 16 are each arranged in pairs according to the axis distribution, the guide beater 15 lying in the direction of rotation 17 lying in front of the impact beater 16.

Jeder Leitschläger 15 besteht aus zwei Tragkörpern 18 und einer daran befestigten Leitplatte 19. Die Tragkörper 18 sind stabförmig ausgebildet und an ihrem einen Ende an der zugehörigen Achse 13 angelenkt. An dem freien äußeren Ende der Tragkörper 18 ist die diese verbindende Leitplatte 19 angeschweißt. Die Leitplatte 19 ist so angeordnet, daß sie innerhalb der Siebtrommel 2 frei schwenkbar ist und in ihrer Betriebsstellung mit der vorderen Kante in dichtem Abstand zur Siebtrommel 2 läuft. Bei dieser Ausführung bildet die Leitplatte 15 in der dargestellten Betriebsstellung (Figur 1) einen spitzen Winkel von etwa 30° mit der Tangente der Siebtrommel 2 in diesem Punkt.Each guide rack 15 consists of two support bodies 18 and a guide plate 19 attached to them. The support bodies 18 are rod-shaped and articulated at one end to the associated axis 13. The guide plate 19 connecting them is welded to the free outer end of the support body 18. The guide plate 19 is arranged so that it can be freely pivoted within the screening drum 2 and runs in its operating position with the front edge at a close distance from the screening drum 2. In this embodiment, the guide plate 15 in the operating position shown (FIG. 1) forms an acute angle of approximately 30 ° with the tangent of the screening drum 2 at this point.

Jeder Prallschläger 16 besteht ebenfalls aus zwei Tragkörpern 20 und einer diese verbindende Prallplatte 21. Auch hier sind die stabförmigen Tragkörper 20 mit einem Ende an der zugehörigen Achse 13 angelenkt und an ihrem anderen Ende mit der Prallplatte 21 verschweißt. Die Prallplatte 21 ist so angeordnet, daß sie in Betriebsstellung mit ihrer hinteren Kante in dichtem Abstand zur Siebtrommelwandung läuft. Die Prallplatte 21 bildet einen in Drehrichtung 17 offenen Winkel mit der Tangente der Siebtrommel 2 in diesem Punkt von etwa 60°.Each impact beater 16 likewise consists of two support bodies 20 and a baffle plate 21 connecting them. Here too, the rod-shaped support bodies 20 are articulated at one end to the associated axis 13 and welded to the baffle plate 21 at their other end. The baffle plate 21 is arranged so that it runs in the operating position with its rear edge at a close distance from the wall of the screen drum. The baffle plate 21 forms an open angle in the direction of rotation 17 with the tangent of the screen drum 2 at this point of approximately 60 °.

Beim Betrieb der Hammermühle wird die Welle 8 des Rotors 9 über die Riemenscheibe 11 und eine damit verbundene, nicht dargestellte Antriebsmaschine in Drehrichtung 17 angetrieben. Die Leitschläger 15 und die Prallschläger 16 richten sich dabei aufgrund der Zentrifugalkraft etwa radial aus, wie es in Figur 1 dargestellt ist. Dabei laufen die vorderen Kanten der Leitplatten 19 und die hinteren Kanten der Prallplatten 21 in dichtem Abstand zur Siebtrommelwandung. Durch Öffnen des Schiebers 6 gelangt das im Vorratsbehälter 7 befindliche Gut, beispielsweise Getreide, über die Beschickungsöffnung 5 in die Siebtrommel 2. Aufgrund von Schwerkraft, Zentrifugalkraft und Luftwirbeln innerhalb der Siebtrommel 2 beschreibt das in die Trommel 2 eingefüllte Gut dann einen Weg nahe der Trommelwandung, wie es in Figur 1 durch die dargestellten Pfeile verdeutlicht ist. Dabei wird es durch die Leitplatte 19 des Leitschlägers 15 von der Trommelwandung abgehoben und über die Leitplatte 19 aufgrund seiner Massenträgheit in Drehrichtung 17 gesehen nach hinten abgeführt. Kurz hinter dem Leitschläger 15 liegt der Prallschläger 16, auf dessen Prallplatte 21 dann das Gut aufprallt. Der in Figur 1 durch Pfeile angedeutete Massenstrom des Mahlguts verläuft im Bereich zwischen Leitschläger 15 und Prallschläger 16 etwa tangential, so daß das Gut in einem Winkel von etwa 45° auf die Prallplatte 21 auftrifft. Durch den Aufprall wird ein Großteil des Guts zerschlagen und in Richtung auf die Siebtrommel 2 zurückgeworfen. Dabei gelangen die bereits genügend klein zerschlagenen Partikel durch die Sieböffnungen nach außen in den Bereich zwischen Gehäuse 1 und Siebtrommel 2. Die größeren Partikel werden zumindest teilweise durch den Rückstoß an der Prallplatte 21 auf die Siebtrommel 2 geworfen und ebenfalls zerschlagen. Dieser Vorgang wiederholt sich durch die nachfolgenden Schlägerpaare 15, 16 ständig. Das Gut wird dabei kontinuierlich aus dem Vorratsbehälter 7 nachgeführt, und das zerschlagene Getreide über eine Abzugsöffnung 22 an der Unterseite des Gehäuses 1 abgeführt.When the hammer mill is in operation, the shaft 8 of the rotor 9 is driven in the direction of rotation 17 via the pulley 11 and a drive machine (not shown) connected to it. The guide beater 15 and the impact beater 16 align themselves approximately radially due to the centrifugal force, as shown in FIG. 1. The front edges of the guide plates 19 and the rear edges of the baffle plates 21 run close to the screen drum wall. By opening the slide 6, the material located in the storage container 7, for example grain, reaches the sieve drum 2 through the loading opening 5 Gravity, centrifugal force and air whirling within the sieve drum 2 then describe the material filled into the drum 2 a path near the drum wall, as is illustrated in FIG. 1 by the arrows shown. It is lifted off the drum wall by the guide plate 19 of the guide rack 15 and discharged to the rear via the guide plate 19 due to its inertia in the direction of rotation 17. Shortly behind the guide racket 15 is the impact racket 16, on the impact plate 21 of which the material then impacts. The mass flow of the grinding stock indicated by arrows in FIG. 1 runs approximately tangentially in the region between the guide beater 15 and the impact beater 16, so that the material hits the baffle plate 21 at an angle of approximately 45 °. A large part of the material is broken up by the impact and thrown back in the direction of the screening drum 2. The particles, which have already been broken up sufficiently small, reach the area between the housing 1 and the sieve drum 2 through the sieve openings. The larger particles are at least partially thrown onto the sieve drum 2 by the recoil on the baffle plate 21 and likewise broken up. This process is repeated continuously by the following pairs of clubs 15, 16. The material is continuously fed out of the storage container 7, and the broken up grain is discharged via a discharge opening 22 on the underside of the housing 1.

BezugszeichenaufstellungList of reference symbols

11
- Gehäuse- Casing
22nd
- Siebtrommel- sieve drum
33rd
- Gehäusewandungen- Housing walls
44th
- Gehäusewandungen- Housing walls
55
- Beschickungsöffnung- loading opening
66
- Schieber- slider
77
- Vorratsbehälter- storage container
88th
- Welle- Wave
99
- Rotor- rotor
1010th
- Lager- Warehouse
1111
- Riemenscheibe- pulley
1212
- Scheiben- slices
1313
- Achsen- Axes
1414
- Drehachse- axis of rotation
1515
- Leitschläger- Guide bat
1616
- Prallschläger- Impact racket
1717th
- Drehrichtung- Direction of rotation
1818th
- Tragkörper 15- support body 15
1919th
- Leitplatte 15- guide plate 15
2020th
- Tragkörper 16- supporting body 16
2121
- Prallplatte 16- baffle plate 16
2222
- Abzugsöffnung- trigger opening

Claims (2)

  1. A hammer mill for pulverising grain and comprising a casing (1) and a cylindrical screening drum (2) with its axis horizontal and surrounded at a distance by the casing (1) and having a peripheral screen and a feed opening (5), a rotor (9) rotating around a horizontal shaft (14) being disposed coaxially in the screening drum, and guide elements (15) and impact beaters (16) for pulverising the grain are pivoted to the rotor via front edges sliding in sealing-tight manner along the screen, characterised by the following features:
    a) the screening drum (2) is laterally enclosed by the walls (3) of the casing;
    b) the feed opening (5) is guided through the top of the casing (1), which has a withdrawal opening (22) underneath the screening drum (2) and opens radially from above into the screening drum (2),
    c) the guide elements (15) in the form of a guide beater and an impact beater (16) are arranged in pairs, each front beater in the direction of rotation being constructed as a guide beater,
    d) the front edges of the guide elements (15), which extend over the entire width of the screen, are a component of guide plates (19) disposed at an acute angle to the screen and sloping downwards against the direction of rotation (17), and
    e) the impact beaters (16) have baffle plates (21) which are peripherally offset against the direction of rotation (17) relative to the guide plates (19), slope downwards to the screen at an acute angle in the direction of rotation (17), and likewise extend over the entire width of the screen.
  2. A hammer mill according to claim 1, characterised in that each guide element (15) and each impact beater (16) has at least one bearing member (18; 20) which is mounted, with limited freedom to pivot, on one end of one (13) out of a number of shafts (13) provided on the rotor, whereas the other end bears a tool in the form of the guide plate (19) or the baffle plate (21).
EP89710033A 1988-04-27 1989-04-26 Mill Expired - Lifetime EP0340151B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89710033T ATE86144T1 (en) 1988-04-27 1989-04-26 MILL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3814191A DE3814191C1 (en) 1988-04-27 1988-04-27
DE3814191 1988-04-27

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0340151A2 EP0340151A2 (en) 1989-11-02
EP0340151A3 EP0340151A3 (en) 1990-07-25
EP0340151B1 true EP0340151B1 (en) 1993-03-03

Family

ID=6352988

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89710033A Expired - Lifetime EP0340151B1 (en) 1988-04-27 1989-04-26 Mill

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EP (1) EP0340151B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE86144T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3814191C1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007042839A1 (en) 2007-09-10 2009-03-12 Bühler AG Striking tool e.g. flat beater, for impact mill for grinding of e.g. grain, has working area provided opposite to accommodating area, where hardness characteristic of working area is variable and rotor and tool are surrounded by filter
RU174302U1 (en) * 2016-06-14 2017-10-11 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное Учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный аграрный университет имени императора Петра 1" (ФГБОУ ВО Воронежский ГАУ) Shredder

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE14865E (en) * 1920-05-25 Rotary hammer
US1871489A (en) * 1930-05-22 1932-08-16 Charles D Ammon Combination hammer and cutter for hammer mills
US3011220A (en) * 1958-05-13 1961-12-05 Univ Louisiana State Apparatus for separating mixtures of coarse and fine materials
AT361762B (en) * 1979-11-23 1981-03-25 Buchmann & Co SCRAP MILL

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0340151A2 (en) 1989-11-02
DE3814191C1 (en) 1989-08-31
ATE86144T1 (en) 1993-03-15
EP0340151A3 (en) 1990-07-25

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