DE2624983A1 - MOWING MACHINE - Google Patents

Description

iNQ. JULIUS QILIARD 8 MUNICH 70

PATENT ADVERTISER MITTENWALDER STRASSE 34

FERNCUF 7457 75 TELEX 05 24655

Patent and utility model application dated June 2, 1976

Applicant: Gerard Habar

Chemin de Dangu, NUCOURT
F - 95420 MAGNY EN VEXIN

our reference: 2222/3

mowing machine

The present invention relates to lawn mowers which consist of a wheel-mounted housing and of a Motor-driven cutting blades exist.

With such lawnmowers, the cut grass is thrown into a collecting box or, more or less, shredded but always in rough condition, scattered over the lawn. In both cases, mowing requires an additional one Operation, namely either collecting the coarsest grass residues or emptying and cleaning the Collecting container.

The present invention aims to avoid these disadvantages. The device according to the invention consists in that the cutting knife is shaped so that it is preferably one on the circumference of the housing cavity during its revolution creates an ascending circular motion of the air and that further, a kind of turbine forming cutting knife smaller Diameter as the rotating cutting knife are provided in the center of the housing cavity and that this Turbine in the space between the housing cover and the turbine a rotating and descending and / or centrifugal

609851/0367

DEUTSCHE BANKAQ. MUNICH. PROMENADEPLATZ KTO. NO. 17/22842 POST CHECK: MUNICH 153878-804

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Generated air movement and sucked the clippings in the center of the housing cavity and when passing through further shredded their work area. The device according to the invention enables the output of very finely cut Blades of grass easily left on the lawn or, if desired, in a collection container can be collected. In the first case, the fine cuttings act as valuable fertilizer for the soil and carry thus contributes to the maintenance of good soil. In the second case, the chopped stalks can be much more regular and filled more tightly into the collecting container, so that it has to be emptied and cleaned less often.

The device according to the invention has a rotor which rotates around a vertical or inclined axis in a cavity a housing that is closed at the top and is completely or partially open at the bottom. This rotor will limited by a housing edge which forms a surface of rotation coaxial with the axis of rotation of the rotor. Xn this In the cavity, a side opening can be provided through which the cut grass can be ejected. The rotor can be of any shape, but has cutting edges and is shaped so that it is on the periphery of the cavity in the housing causes an air vortex or a swirling and rising air flow.

A turbine with small blades and a diameter smaller than that of the rotor is placed above the rotor in such a way that that both parts have the same axis. This turbine, which is connected to the rotor, has cutting edges and is shaped so that it creates the same circulating airflow as the rotor in the center of the housing cavity, but this air flow is downward or centrifugal, or downward and centrifugal.

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The shape of the housing cavity must be such that the grass cut by the circumference of the rotor is helically shaped into an upward movement is thrown around by the turbine in a helical, downward direction To be caught by suction and to be shredded as it passes through without leaving cuttings in the housing cavity can accumulate.

The rotor is driven by a suitable device, e.g. B. wheels, an air cushion or the like. In a solid or adjustable distance to the ground.

The turbine and the rotor can only consist of a single piece, which is made up of one or more blades with large diameter, which serve as a rotor and made up of one or more small-diameter blades, which serve as a turbine, composed

In addition to these elements, one or more parts, so-called discard elements or baffles, can be added that will facilitate the transport of the cut grass to the turbine. These baffles are on attached to the wall of the housing and distributed radially so that it completely covers the periphery of the cavity in the housing or partially block. They are shaped so that they can cut all or part of what is cut by the rotor Direct grass circulating in the periphery of the cavity to the turbine

A small clearance is advantageously left between the lower edge of the baffle and the rotor blades, so that there is additional crushing of the cut grass if part of it is between the two Parts arrives.

Preferably, a baffle is mounted opposite an opening in the side wall of the housing so that the

609851/0367

The cuttings are prevented from escaping through the discharge opening provided for this purpose. If the scope is sufficiently narrow between the rotor blades and the lower part of the baffle has this arrangement the advantage that only fine blades of grass can emerge through the side discharge opening and the coarse cut is conveyed back to the turbine by the rotor. The finely chopped stalks that come past the baffle, get caught in the suction of the turbine and are more easily ejected from there.

It is advantageous to replace the baffles in both cases with a flange on the housing wall, which is exactly the same is attached and plays the same role as the baffles · The side discharge opening is preferred extended by a tunnel-like channel which is part of the housing, one edge being tangential adjoins the side wall of the housing. A connection system for fastening is advantageous on this part a nozzle-like ejection device or a collecting container attached.

The second nozzle-like discharge baffle preferably has a tunnel shape which terminates in a wall sloping towards the ground so that the clippings are directed towards the ground and a portion which widens rearward so that the grass falls between the wheels on wheeled lawnmowers. In another embodiment of the lawnmower according to the invention, this has, in addition to the rotor, which consists of the cutting blade and the turbine and is located in a cavity of the housing, a guide plate connected to the said housing. This baffle can also consist of a flange or a rib of the housing and is attached between the rotor axis and the side discharge opening of the housing, thereby preventing the escape of non-comminuted grass and leading such coarse material back to the turbine _o For this purpose, the baffle has a vertical or almost vertical Surface that contacts the side wall of the housing and in the direction of rotation

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In a regular curve to the turbine, where it leads to whose outer diameter arrives tangentially or slightly cutting.

This baffle is preferably on the side of the turbine by a vertical or almost vertical wall which extends the area of the air flow generated by the cutting blade from the area of the turbine generated air flow separates. To do this, it surrounds the turbine in a length that corresponds to the minor part of its Extends to almost the entire extent.

The guide plate and the wall that it may extend have connected to the housing wall along the entire length upper margins. These parts are so high that they pass the cutting blade under their lower edge permit.

It is advantageous to have a horizontal or almost horizontal plate under the housing, which prevents the from sliding away from the deflector plate prevents braked clippings down, fastened. This plate is through the lower edge of the Baffle with which it is in contact over its entire length, limited. It becomes the turbine through a Circular arc limited, the diameter of which is preferably slightly larger than that of the turbine. This plate extended advantageous against the rotor rotation to form a ring, which through the outer and tangential to the baffle butting edge of the housing and a circle, the diameter of which is preferably slightly larger than that of the turbine. It terminates in an edge of minimal thickness, which is a radius of the housing cavity or preferably an acute angle with this radius of the housing, at the point of contact with the Forms side wall or the baffle on the turbine. This plate is at a higher level than the turbine attached when the latter works at least partially centrifugally, so that the centrifugal air movement below this plate becomes noticeable.

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If the turbine is at least partially centrifugal, it will advantageously work on part of its circumference from surrounded by a wall, so that the centrifugal air movement can only arise where it leads to the side ejection opening is steered in the housing. This arrangement has the advantage of preventing the crushed grass from escaping make it easier to move towards the side opening due to the centrifugal forces generated jointly by the cutting blade and turbine is thrown.

It is also possible to make an arrangement that differs slightly from the one previously described. It consists in to extend the baffle between the turbine and the upper housing part and the horizontal plate between to extend the turbine and the upper housing part so that they cover the entire surface of the turbine except for one occupies concentric circle on this turbine, which has such a radius that its circumference is elongated at the end of the Baffle connects. To transport the clippings from the housing periphery to the central one To facilitate the turbine, the housing cavity advantageously has one in the direction of the grass transport up to Turbine increasing in height.

The side opening can be through a nozzle-shaped outlet part extended or possibly designed in such a way that a collecting container for the cut grass is attached to it.

In another embodiment, the rotor consists of a cutting blade and a turbine as in the above example, but the turbine is located in a chamber above the housing _x in which the cutting blade moves. The guide plate has the same shape as in the previous version, but it no longer prevents coarse clippings from escaping because the cavity of the housing no longer has a lateral discharge opening. In this version, the baffle is extended on part of the circumference by a wall of the same height. The diameter

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this wall has of course no longer any connection with the diameter of the turbine. The one fastened under the case The plate has an extension in the central area that extends through the wall with which the guide plate is extended is limited. In this version, the opening for ejecting the cut grass is on the height of the turbine, d. H. in the wall of the chamber at the top of the lawnmower.

An essential feature of this design is that in the main cavity of the housing, compared to the outside, There is negative pressure

To facilitate understanding of the invention, a description follows and drawings are attached based on show various embodiments of the invention by way of example. In the drawings show:

Fig. 1 is a bottom view of a lawn mower according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section along the line H-II of Fig. 1ϊ

3 shows a perspective illustration of a unit consisting of the cutting blade and the turbine;

FIGS. K and 5 show a discharge nozzle which can be attached to the discharge opening of the lawn mower;

Fig. 6 is a bottom view of a second embodiment of the invention;

7 shows a vertical section along the line VII-VII of FIGS

Fig. 8 is a bottom view of a further embodiment of the invention and

FIG. 9 shows a vertical section along the line IX-IX in FIG. 8.

609851/0367

According to Fig. 1, the lawnmower It. Invention consists of
a rotor 1 with cutting edges 2 and inclined, raised blades 3, which when the rotor 1 rotates one upwards
Forming air flow in the housing 4. On the wave
of the rotor 1, a turbine 5 is attached and with it
tied together. The turbine 5 has blades with cutting edges
6, which are bent in the opposite direction as the blades 3 and thus generate a downward air flow in the housing 4. A guide plate 7 partially closes the exit to the tunnel-shaped opening 8.

The grass cut by the rotor 1 is through the vortex air flow according to arrow 9 and through the baffle 7 to
Turbine 5 directed and when passing the cutting edges

6 cut again.

A part of the cut material is now discharged from the housing through the opening 8 on the path according to arrow 11, the
the other part is returned as indicated by arrow 12 by the air flow generated by the back 3. The cut
takes place at the cutting edges 2 and 6 and possibly in the
Gap 13 between the guide plate 7 and the back 3 'if the space is sufficiently small (Fig. 2).

The rotating part shown in Fig. 3 consists of
a single piece, the rotor 1 and the turbine 5 », both of which lie in one plane. Like the rotor shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, it has cutting edges 2 and 6 and
curved leaves that form the wings 3.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show a nozzle-shaped example as an example
Discharge device l4, which can be connected to the discharge opening 8 and prevents any running wheels of the lawnmower from getting stuck in the clippings.

In the second embodiment of the invention according to FIGS. 6 and

7, the device has a rotor 21, the two cutting blades with cutting edges 22 and obliquely upright and

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Has wing-forming parts 23 which cause an air flow flowing helically upward into the cavity 24. In addition, the device has a turbine 25 provided with smaller blades, which in the opposite Sense to the blades 23 are bent so that they have a top-down and centrifugal air flow let arise. These wings have cutting edges 26.

The baffle 27 extends from point 30 to point and is extended by the sheet 28 extending from Point 31 extends forward to point 32. A horizontal one Plate 29, which is delimited by points 30, 31, 32 and 33, is attached to the lower edge of the guide plate 27 and attached to sheet 28 to point 32 and then back to housing along line 30-33.

The grass cut by the cutting blade 21 is made by the interaction of the rotor air flow and the air suction the turbine 25 is passed to the turbine in its upper area. The clippings also run between the ceiling of the housing and the plate 29 through to the turbine, which further crushes it as it passes through and in small pieces Conveyed out again under the plate 29. Then the clippings through the opening 34 are under the influence the centrifugal air movement created by the cutting blade 21 and the turbine 25 (Fig. 7), ejected through opening 34. The arrows in the drawing show the path of the clippings in the housing.

Fig. 8 shows another variant of the lawn mower according to the invention, to which a rotor 4l with cutting edges 42 and Wings 43 belongs. The rotor 4l is in one Housing 50, above which the turbine 45 in a chamber 51 is provided. This chamber 51 has an ejection opening 44 for the cut grass.

The housing 50 is bounded by a baffle 47 which extends from point 53 to point 54, and is through

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a wall 48 extends from point 54 to point 55 . A horizontal plate 49 is attached to the lower edge of the guide plate 47 and also to the wall 48, so that a passage is created through which the cut material is conveyed into the chamber 51, from which it is ejected through the opening 44. In this embodiment, the turbine can have larger dimensions and be designed in such a way that it induces suction in the housing 50 of the rotor 41.

The device according to the invention can be used on all lawnmowers regardless of the type of their support on the ground and their drive. In the special case of an air-cushion lawnmower, the turbine has at the same time In addition to sucking in and crushing, there is also the task of creating an overpressure in the housing cavity that Keeps the housing a certain distance from the ground. Of course, this means that the side ejection opening is reduced in size, yes, it is even omitted under certain circumstances, so that the cut material along the entire circumference of the apparatus can fall out.

The device according to the invention can generally be used in all cases in which short-stemmed plants that are to be shredded at the same time.

609851/0367

Claims (1)

Patents claims fly lawn mower for simultaneous shredding of the cut Grass with a housing held at a certain distance from the ground by wheels or air cushions and by one Motor-driven, rotating cutting knife, characterized in that the cutting knife is shaped so that it generates a circular movement of the air, preferably ascending on the circumference of the housing cavity, as it rotates and that further, a kind of turbine forming cutting knife of smaller diameter such as the rotating cutting knife are provided in the center of the housing cavity, and that the turbine in the space between the housing cover and the Turbine creates a circling and descending or centrifugal air movement and the clippings to the center of the Sucked in the housing cavity and crushed as it passes through their work area. 2 «lawn mower according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine has a propeller shape and inclined blades and is level with the rotating cutting blade or is provided between the housing cover and the rotating cutting knife. 3 »Lawn mower according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine cutting blades and vertical or inclined blades for generating the centrifugal or sucking air currents and at the same level as the rotating cutting knife or in a plane above it between the housing cover and the rotating cutting knife is provided. - 12 - 609851/0367 4. Lawn mower according to claims 1 to 3i, characterized in that that the housing has the shape of one formed around the axis of the rotating element and one bell-shaped Rotary body enclosing the cavity, is open at the bottom and the cut grass from the perimeter of the cavity dissipates towards its central area. 5 Lawn mower according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that one or more baffles are provided in the housing, -which of the orbiting Circling upward air flow through the cavity completely or partially block the rotating cutting knife but let it pass and from the housing side wall starting with a regular curvature and the cuttings circling around the circumference of the cavity towards the center derive the turbine. 6. Lawn mower according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that in the housing wall a closable opening for the discharge and, if necessary, the reception of the cut material is provided in a container. 7. Lawn mower according to Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that in front of the side discharge opening a deflector plate it is provided that the access of the clippings thrown off by the rotating cutting knife to the discharge opening blocks and only allows the fine cuttings processed by the turbine to pass through. 8. Lawn mower according to claims 1 to 7, characterized that the baffle has a vertical or approximately vertical surface adjoining the housing side wall is fed to the turbine in a regular curvature and arrives there tangentially or weakly as a secant. and attached to the top of the housing so far down that the rotating cutting knife still pass underneath can. 603 3 51/0367 - 13 - 9 · Lawn mower according to claim 8, characterized in that the guide plate around the turbine with a concentric and is elongated to one to three quarters of the circumference of the turbine extending wall, the extension is attached with its upper edge to the housing cover and has such a depth that the rotating Cutting knife can still go through underneath, whereby a peripheral and from the rotating one in the housing Cutting knife coming cut material traversed space and a central space are created by the conveying air the turbine is flowed through. 10. Lawn mower according to claim 9 »characterized in that a horizontal or approximately under the housing cover horizontal plate at a height running below the free passage of the rotating cutting knife is provided and allows a centrifugal air flow generated by the turbine to pass underneath, where this plate extends between the turbine, the baffle and the housing and on the one hand through the lower edge the baffle to which it is connected and on the other hand a concentric circular arc around the turbine the radius of which is equal to or greater than that of the turbine and is limited by the housing side wall, which it touches for a length from zero to half the circumference. 11. Lawn mower according to claims 9 and 10, characterized in that that the baffle around the turbine circumference extending vertical wall to the horizontal Plate is extended and the plate at this point radially or at an acute angle to a radius against the Housing side wall runs and together with the housing cover forms an air intake opening for the turbine. 609851/0367 - i4 - 12. Lawn mower according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the height of the housing in the transport direction of the clippings up to the point of impact of the guide plate
grows to the size of the turbine. 13. Lawn mower according to Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that that the turbine is additionally pressurized in the housing cavity to form the lawnmower at ground clearance Holding air cushion generated, with possibly additional air in the housing part located above the turbine introduced and the side discharge opening in the housing is reduced or closed. 14. Lawn mower according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the turbine is housed in a chamber above the housing cavity for the rotating cutting knife, the lateral discharge opening on this
Chamber is provided and the turbine on the air inside
The housing cavity has a suction effect and generates an air movement that ejects the finely chopped up clippings through the side opening of the chamber. 15. Lawn mower according to claim Ik _1, characterized in that the chamber for the turbine from the housing cavity in which
the cutting knife is housed, is separated by an intermediate base which is pierced by a circular opening for the rotor, the opening having a smaller or equal diameter as the turbine, and that the baffle in the direction of rotation of the rotor by a vertical or approximately vertical Wall is extended along the opening in the false floor, the
vertical wall extends from zero to three quarters of the circumference of the hole and, like the baffle plate, is connected to the housing at its upper edge,
and that both parts are so deep that the cutting knife can pass underneath, whereby a peripheral annular space in which the cut material is transported, and a 609851/0367 - 15 - central * area through which the air flow generated by the turbine flows. 16 · Lawn mower according to claim 15, characterized in that a horizontal or approximately horizontal plate provided with an opening for the passage of the shaft of the cutting knife at such a height under the housing is that the rotating cutting knife can pass freely underneath, this plate through the Lower edge of the baffle and the wall surrounding the central opening in the box bottom and one from the end this wall to the housing side wall outgoing radius or a «line starting at an acute angle, which runs in front of the connection point of the baffle (opposite seen in the direction of rotation) on the housing side wall this hit, limited and with the lower edge of the baffle and the .die central opening enclosing Wall and the side wall of the housing touched by it is connected 17 · Lawn mower according to claim 16, characterized in that the free edge of the plate between the housing side wall and the wall surrounding the central opening in the false floor is thin 609851/0367 Blank page