Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/224—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
  • D06M13/236—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid containing halogen atoms
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
  • D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
  • D21H17/14—Carboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof

Definitions

• This invention relates to chloromethyl-substituted polyfluoroalkyl esters of polybasic acids and their use in treating a variety of substrates, such as textile fabrics and paper, so as to provide the substrate with soil resistance as well as water and oil repellency. It relates further to a process for preparing the compounds of this invention wherein iodine-substituted polyfluoroalkyl esters are reacted with elemental chlorine in which the iodine-substituted esters are in the molten state or dissolved or suspended in an inert liquid.
• U.S. Patent 3,716,401 discloses and claims a process for rendering a vinyl surface oil resistant by applying thereto a polymeric composition containing a vinyl polymer dissolved in a volatile solvent and an ester derived from perfluoroethanol and a mono- or polycarboxylic acid.
• U.S. Patent 4,034,022 discloses isomers having the formula: wherein C n F 2n+l is a perfluorinated aliphatic chain, n is an integer from 2 to 18, X and Y are the same or different and are each a halogen atom, a hydroxyl radical, the group OM in which M is a metallic equivalent or an alkoxy, chloroalkoxy, hydroxypolyalkyleneoxy, aryloxy or -NZZ' group in which Z and Z' are the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group.
• the compounds are liable to find use as emulsifying or foaming agents, particularly when a tensioactive agent resistant to acids and oxidants is needed, as leveling or anti-stain agents for polishes or emulsion paints, as corrosion inhibitors, solvent evaporation retarders or as hydrophobic and oleophobic agents.
• This invention relates to compounds having the formula: wherein
• R f is a saturated, monovalent, non-aromatic, aliphatic radical.
• the chain may be straight, branched or cyclic, and may be interrupted by divalent oxygen atoms or trivalent nitrogen atoms bonded only to carbon atoms.
• a fully fluorinated group is preferred, but hydrogen or chlorine atoms may be present as sub- stitutents in the fluorinated aliphatic radical provided that not more than one atom of either is present in the radical for every two carbon atoms, and that the radical must at least contain a terminal perfluoromethyl group.
• the fluorinated aliphatic radical contains not more than 20 carbon atoms because such a large radical results in inefficient use of the fluorine content.
• R f is a perfluoroalkyl containing 3 to 20 carbons.
• the compounds of this invention can be prepared by the reaction set forth in the following equation:
• iodine substituted polyfluoroalkyl ester starting material for the preparation of the compounds of this invention can be prepared by the reaction set forth in the following equation:
• R 1 is alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl.
• R 1 can be the residue remaining after esterification of citric, phthalic (o, m or p isomer), benzoic, succinic, chlorendic, benzene polycarboxylic acids, such as trimellitic, pyromellitic and the like.
• the reaction of the iodine-substituted polyfluoroalkyl ester with chlorine can be carried out by melting the iodine-substituted polyfluoroalkyl ester and contacting the molten ester with chlorine, or the iodine-substituted polyfluoroalkyl ester can be suspended or dissolved in a suitable liquid and reacted with chlorine.
• a suitable liquid is inert under the reaction conditions; e.g. alcohols or water should be avoided since they would be expected to react.
• Preferred liquids include 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane and tetrachloromethane. It is possible also to use chloroform. All such halocarbons function as solvents for the iodine substituted polyfluoroalkyl ester starting material. Although it is not necessary that the liquid medium be a solvent for that ester, it is preferred that the ester be at least partially soluble in the liquid medium.
• the reaction of the iodine-substituted polyfluoroalkyl ester with chlorine is mildly exothermic, being somewhat more exothermic at the start of the reaction than at a point near its completion.
• reflux thereof provides effective control of the exotherm.
• the temperature of the reaction with chlorine is not critical nor is pressure.
• the reaction is run at a temperature between about 40° and 55°C when a solvent is used, and between about 85° and 90°C when the ester starting material is molten during the reaction with chlorine.
• the reaction whether in solution or in molten form, is usually run at atmospheric pressure, elevated pressures can be used as well. Normally, the reaction is run until essentially all of the covalently bound iodine is displaced from the ester.
• iodine chloride(s) and iodine, if any, it is best to convert the iodine chloride(s) and iodine, if any, to iodide and chloride ions.
• a soluble salt such as sodium bisulfite for that purpose.
• the preparation of the iodine-substituted polyfluoroalkyl ester is carried out in the presence of a free radical initiator at temperatures in the range between about 50° and 140°C and at pressures between about 1 and 50 atmospheres. If the polyfluoroalkyl iodide or the allyl ester used in the reaction has a boiling point below the desired reaction temperature, a pressure system would be used; otherwise, the reaction may be carried out at atmospheric pressure.
• the free radical initiator may be either an azo compound or a peroxy compound, e.g.
• the polyfluoroalkyl iodides can be prepared by a variety of reactions. See for example Brace et al., JACS, 73, 4016 (1951); Krespan, J. Org. Chem., 23, 2016 (1958); Haszeldine, J. Chem. Soc., 1949, 2856; 1952, 4259; 1953, 376; Hauptschein et al., JACS, 79, 2549 (1957).
• the principal use of compounds of this invention involves application of solutions or aqueous dispersions of said compounds to carpets, other woven or non-woven textiles, or paper.
• the desirable characteristics imparted by the application of said compounds include water repellency, oil repellency, and resistance to soiling. The degree to which said desirable characteristics are achieved is evaluated in different ways for the different substrates.
• dry soil resistance provides a measure of the ability of the carpet to retain its new appearance under normal traffic conditions.
• oil and water repellency is required in carpets to provide resistance to staining by spilled liquids.
• aqueous dispersions of compounds of this invention can be blended with an aqueous polymeric suspension.
• aqueous suspension of polymethyl methacrylate makes a composition which can be diluted with water for application to the various substrates contemplated by this invention.
• the presence of the polymeric suspension improves dry soil resistance.
• a dispersion before dilution with water, will normally contain from about 2% to about 20% of fluorinated ester of this invention and between about 2% and about 40% of the polymer, dry basis, provided by the above-mentioned suspension.
• the above-described dispersion is diluted still further with water.
• Application can be made by any known technique, such as padding, exhaust spraying, and the like.
• a compound (or compounds) of this invention as a solution or dispersion and optionally containing other components such as, for example, poly(methylmethacrylate), has been applied to,the desired substrate, it will usually be dried to remove water and/or solvent.
• drying is effected by heating to about 120-170°C, although higher or lower temperatures may be used.
• drying at ambient temperature is frequently sufficient, although heating is usually preferred to hasten the drying.
• repellency effects frequently are improved by heat treatment beyond that required for drying. It appears that such treatment at least partially melts the composition of this invention so that it spreads and more effectively coats the substrate.
• Oil repellency test used herein is an adaptation of AATCC Test Method 118-1978.
• Oil repellency is defined as the ability of a substrate to resist wetting by oily liquids.
• drops of standard test liquids consisting of a selected series of hydrocarbons with varying surface tensions, are placed on the substrate and observed for wetting.
• the oil repellency rating is the highest numbered test liquid which will not wet the surface of the substrate within a period of 30 seconds. Wetting of the surface of the substrate is normally evident by a darkening thereof at the interface. On black or dark surfaces, wetting can be detected by a loss of "sparkle" within the drop.
• the standard test liquids are set forth in Table 1.
• the water repellency test provides an index of aqueous stain resistance in that, generally, the higher the water repellency rating, the better the resistance to staining by water-based substances. Like the oil repellency rating, the water repellency rating is the highest numbered test liquid which will not wet the surface of the substrate in a specified amount of time, in this case 10 seconds.
• the standard test solutions are those of Table 2.
• test liquid Water Repellency Rating No. 1
• water Repellency Rating No. 1 Water Repellency Rating No. 1
• drops of the next higher numbered test liquid are placed in an adjacent site and observed for 10 seconds.
• the above-described procedure is continued until at least two or the three drops of the test liquid fail to remain spherical or hemi-spherical 10 seconds after application.
• mixed perfluoroalkyl iodides be used in making compounds of this invention.
• the term ABI is an abbreviation for 2,2'-azobis-(isobutyronitrile).
• deoxygenated means that the material so treated was stirred overnight at ambient temperature under a current of nitrogen or stirred for at least one hour at about 60°C under a current of nitrogen.
• nonionic surfactant means the product of the reaction of 15 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of a mixture of n-dodecanol-1, n-tetradecanol-1, and n-hexadecanol-1.
• “Arquad” 18-50 means a 50% solution of octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride in water.
• the MPI and the triallyl trimellitate were mixed and deoxygenated. Then, while maintaining a nitrogen atmosphere, the ABI was added portionwise over a period of about 24 hours on the following time schedule:
• a portion of the finished dispersion was diluted with water and mixed with acetic acid and an aqueous dispersion of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
• PMMA in the dispersion had an inherent viscosity of about 0.7 (0.5 g of PMMA in 100 ml of acetone at 30°C), and was made up of particles having an average size of about 0.06 micron.
• the mixed dispersion comprising the adduct, acetic acid, PMMA and water was then sprayed onto the face of nylon carpet so that the face fibers of the carpet received 0.055% of fluorine (in covalently bound form), 0.186% of polymethylmethacrylate, 0.01% of acetic acid, and about 25% of H 2 O based on the weight of'the fiber.
• the carpet was dried for 30 minutes in a forced air oven at 270"F. Samples of the carpet were tested for oil and water repellency. Samples thereof were also tested for dry soil resistance by being placed in a heavily- travelled hallway along with untreated samples of the same carpet, being rated for soil-resistance in comparison with the untreated carpet. The results of testing of the carpet samples are'set forth in Table 3.
• Dispersions of the product of this example, with and without polymethyl methacrylate, were prepared by the procedures described in Example 1. Separate portions thereof were applied to carpet samples and tested as in Example 1, the results thereof being recited in Tables 3 and 4.
• the organic layer was washed with 200 ml of water at 80°C, and the product in methyl isobutyl ketone formed the bottom layer.
• the upper layer was discarded, and after evaporation of part of the methyl isobutyl ketone in the bottom layer, 339 g of residue were obtained.
• a sample thereof was dried in a vacuum oven and found to be 67.5% non-volatile. That corresponds to 229 g of dry product which is 83% of the theoretical yield.
• n is the same as given in the definition of MPI.
• the structure of the product was established by NMR spectroscopy and is supported by elemental analysis. The latter gives the following results for n with an average value of 8:
• Example 1 A dispersion was prepared as described in Example 1, using 352 g of the 67.5% solids methyl isobutyl ketone solution described above. The other ingredients were: Homogenization, removal of methyl isobutyl ketone, application to carpet (with and without polymethyl methacrylate) and testing were carried out as described in Example 1. Test results are set forth in Tables 3 and 4.
• n in the MPI used as starting material is 8, and therefore the average empirical formula is C 39 H 17 F 51 O 7 Cl 3 .
• the dried material was analyzed:
• the dispersion was made as described in Example 1, using 179 g of the methyl isobutyl ketone solution produced as described above. The other ingredients were as described in Example 1, except that no methyl isobutyl ketone was added per se. The dispersion was distilled under vacuum to remove the methyl isobutyl ketone and applied to nylon carpet as hereinbefore described. The results of testing of the treated carpet are set forth in Tables 3 and 4.
• the MPI and the diallylphthalate were mixed and deoxygenated. Then, while maintaining a nitrogen atmosphere, the ABI was added and temperature was controlled according to the following schedule:
• Chlorine gas (15 g) was introduced during two hours, while the flask contents were maintained between 39° and 55°. Thereafter, 20 ml of water were added, followed by 80 ml of a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite. The mixture separated into 2 layers and was let stand for 25 days.
• the resulting mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and 50 ml of methyl isobutyl ketone were added. After shaking, the lower layer was discarded and 50 ml of a saturated aqueous solution of magnesium sulfate and 20 ml of isopropanol were added and the mixture was shaken again. The lower layer was again discarded and 50 ml of hot water were added. After shaking, the solution of the product (lower layer) was drawn off.
• the resulting mixture was well agitated in a blender, then diluted with water and mixed with acetic acid. That mixture was sprayed onto nylon carpet so that the face fibers received 0.055% of fluorine (in covalently bound form), 0.01% of acetic acid, and 25% of water based on the weight of the fiber.
• the carpet was dried and tested as described in Example 1. The test data are set forth in Table 4.
• the diluted dispersions tested on non-woven fabric were:
• Example 9 The product of Example 9, in the form of a 60% solution in methyl isobutyl ketone, was dispersed in water as described in Example 4. After distillation of the methyl isobutyl ketone, the dispersion was diluted to contain 0.035% fluorine.
• the non-woven fabric was a 60% polyester/40% wood pulp fabric intended for use in operating-room garments.
• the diluted dispersions were padded onto the non-woven fabric to obtain a wet pick-up of 193 + 5%. They were then dried by passing twice through a mangle heated to 325°F, the heat being applied once on each side of the fabric, with a contact time in the mangle of 75 seconds.
• a one-quart mason jar is charged with 600 ml of water containing 0.9% NaCl; the disc is clamped to the top of the jar and the jar is inverted.
• the time for water to penetrate the disc is recorded as set forth in Table 5.
• the treating dispersions used were the same type as described in "Tests on Non-woven,” but of different concentration.
• the paper Claremont unbleached Kraft weighing 20 lbs/100 sq ft, was padded with the'dispersions as listed to give 138 + 2% wet pick-up.
• the paper was then dried by two passes through a 220°F mangle, once with each side up. Contact time was 75 seconds.
• the treated papers and an untreated control were given the AATCC oil repellency test, and the results are given in Table 6.
• Example 1 The product of Example 1 (984 g) was charged to a 3-liter round-bottom flask with bottom outlet, furnished with a heating mantle and a cold-finger for tap-water cooling. Nitrogen was passed through the flask while the contents were heated to 85°C to melt. The contents of the flask were agitated while chlorine gas was introduced below the surface of the liquid as detailed below.
• Example 2 A one-liter round-bottom flask with bottom outlet was used. A mantle (Glas-Col) was used for heating. The product of Example 2 was charged to the flask at room temperature and was melted under nitrogen. Then, the contents of the flask were agitated while chlorine gas was introduced below the liquid surface, according to the following schedule:

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)

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• 1981
  • 1981-06-26 DK DK284581A patent/DK162979C/da active
  • 1981-06-30 EP EP81105066A patent/EP0068040B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1981-07-09 JP JP56106323A patent/JPS5810539A/ja active Granted
  • 1981-07-14 CA CA000381681A patent/CA1233185A/en not_active Expired

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