EP0066164B1 - Method of heating the surface of a substrate by means of a hot gas jet, particularly with simultaneous supply of coating material using the flame spraying process, and burner for the realization of said method - Google Patents

Method of heating the surface of a substrate by means of a hot gas jet, particularly with simultaneous supply of coating material using the flame spraying process, and burner for the realization of said method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0066164B1
EP0066164B1 EP82104279A EP82104279A EP0066164B1 EP 0066164 B1 EP0066164 B1 EP 0066164B1 EP 82104279 A EP82104279 A EP 82104279A EP 82104279 A EP82104279 A EP 82104279A EP 0066164 B1 EP0066164 B1 EP 0066164B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
compressed air
deflector
combustion
burner apparatus
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EP82104279A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0066164A3 (en
EP0066164A2 (en
Inventor
Felix von Rüling
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Akzo NV
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Akzo NV
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
    • B05B7/201—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle
    • B05B7/205—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle the material to be sprayed being originally a particulate material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for heating the surface of a substrate by means of a hot gas jet, in particular with simultaneous supply of coating material by the flame spray process, in which the ring-shaped fuel gas to be mixed with combustion air by supplying compressed air in the form of a concentric pump jet with axial flow components in the direction of the surface to be heated is accelerated.
  • the invention further relates to a burner for heating the surface of a substrate, in particular in combination with a spray nozzle for a coating material, consisting of a particularly coaxial nozzle for compressed air with an axial flow component and a ring guide plate surrounding the nozzle at a distance, which has an annular channel with openings at the rear forms for the supply of combustion air, as well as from a fuel gas nozzle ring arranged concentrically in the ring channel, the fuel gas of which is accelerated in the axial direction in the combustion zone by the compressed air emerging from the coaxial nozzle.
  • a spray nozzle for a coating material consisting of a particularly coaxial nozzle for compressed air with an axial flow component and a ring guide plate surrounding the nozzle at a distance, which has an annular channel with openings at the rear forms for the supply of combustion air, as well as from a fuel gas nozzle ring arranged concentrically in the ring channel, the fuel gas of which is accelerated in the axial direction in the combustion zone by the compressed air emerging from
  • the compressed air supplied via the axial nozzle simultaneously transports the coating material in particle form.
  • the pump jet sucks in the compressed air via the ring duct, which is open on the rear.
  • the sucked-in air mixes in the ring channel with the fuel gases supplied via an annular nozzle on the outer edge of the ring channel, so that a flame ring is created that surrounds the central, conical compressed air jet loaded with laminate particles, whereby between this jacket and the conical compressed air jet forms a coat from the sucked air.
  • the hot gas flame jacket heats the surface to be coated and dries it off.
  • the advantages of a method carried out with such a burner are that the coating takes place in a zone of very low air humidity.
  • the heat energy required to dry the surface can be generated and transported quickly enough without the temperature on the transport route becoming too high.
  • Flammable and low-boiling solvents can also be added to the coating material without igniting them when sprayed.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a method and a burner of the type mentioned in performance and flame stability.
  • the improvement in performance and flame stability is based on the multiple acceleration of the hot combustion gases and / or the cascade-shaped cross-sectional expansion with simultaneous air supply. Measurements have shown that there is a combustion with a content below 0.1 CO vol.%.
  • the measures according to the invention convert the high combustion temperature to a low temperature of the hot gases at a high flow rate of these gases in a depressurized, concentric system. This is a prerequisite for favorable heat transfer coefficients on the surface to be heated.
  • the low temperature drop of the emerging hot gases in the direction of flow is also advantageous.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used to heat bodies which are very sensitive to excessive temperatures.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used to heat shrink films for packaging objects without the shrink film overheating even with small changes in distance.
  • surface heating, drying and coating e.g. carry out a pipe or coil coating in one pass.
  • the object can be achieved in that a further nozzle for compressed air with an axial flow component is arranged in a plane axially offset from the one nozzle and / or the rear openings as nozzles for compressed air to form a pump jet are formed with an axial flow component, through whose compressed air combustion air is conveyed into the combustion zone and the combustion gases are accelerated in the axial direction.
  • a further ring guide plate is provided, which forms the one ring channel with the one ring guide plate and / or forms another ring channel with rear openings, or by combining the two aforementioned alternative feature complexes .
  • throttle elements can be assigned to the rear openings of the ring channel for the air.
  • the throttle elements can be formed by a perforated disc.
  • the throttle elements can also be inclined blades, which then give the air supplied a swirl which favors swirling. Both the perforated disc and the inclined blades can serve as spacer and support elements between the ring guide plates.
  • Both the burner and the spray gun can be used in an oxygen-free atmosphere if each ring channel is closed on the back except for the openings for the supply of air and the openings are connected to a supply line for compressed air.
  • the end of the burner is closed by a ring plate except for a central opening.
  • a nozzle for a flushing medium with jet direction should be provided through the central opening, a ring guide plate being connected in particular to the opening. The rinsing medium then cleans the surface to be coated from residues arising during drying, such as. B. salt.
  • a further nozzle for a gaseous or liquid medium with jet direction can be arranged on the area of the substrate acted upon by the hot gases outside the burner head.
  • the burner and the spray gun have a concentric structure.
  • first ring guide plate 1 consists of a first ring guide plate 1 and a second ring guide plate 2 of larger diameter, which is arranged concentrically to the first ring guide plate 1 and is carried by spacers 3 from the first ring guide plate 1.
  • the spacers 3 are preferably designed as inclined blades.
  • a channel 4 for the supply of compressed air is provided centrally in the first ring guide plate 1 and is held by corresponding spacers 3. Approximately half the axial length of the ring guide plate 1, openings 5 formed as nozzles with a main flow component in the axial direction are formed in the channel 4.
  • the end of the channel 4 has a nozzle 6, which is already outside the ring guide plate 1 and emerges from the compressed air with a main flow component in the axial direction.
  • the nozzle 6 can also be designed as a slot die, wherein the slot can also be formed by a row of holes.
  • the ring channels formed by the ring guide plates 1, 2 and the compressed air channel 4 are open at the rear, so that outside air can be sucked in through these openings 7, 8.
  • the suction force is generated by the compressed air emerging from the nozzles 5, 6, which act as pump jets.
  • the supply of compressed air in two axially offset planes supplies the sucked-in air with kinetic energy, so that the air in the ring guide plates 1, 2 is accelerated in the axial direction with increasing air volume.
  • holes can also be provided in the walls of the ring guide plate 1 in the rear region.
  • annular nozzle 9 is arranged, which has a row of holes on the side facing the ring guide plate 2 for the escape of fuel gas.
  • the escaping fuel gas mixes with the air sucked in through the rear openings 7, so that a combustible gas-air mixture is formed for a ring flame.
  • a spray gun can also be constructed according to the principle of the burner described. In such a case, compressed air loaded with coating particles is supplied via the central channel 4 or, if the coating material is supplied separately, the coating material is supplied to the compressed air in the exit plane and atomized there. At a second, axially offset location, it can then either be central or annular further compressed air can be supplied to further accelerate the flow.
  • a further nozzle 10 is arranged on the side of the burner head for the supply of compressed air or a liquid medium, which is either blown or sprayed onto the surface of the substrate acted upon by the hot gases or into the hot gas jet.
  • compressed air dust particles and dirt particles released can be blown away during drying.
  • a liquid medium e.g. of an activating agent
  • the surface for the coating medium can be activated.
  • the nozzle 10 itself can be designed as a single nozzle or as a slot die. Instead of the slot, a row of holes can also be provided.
  • the coating medium is fed to a central high-pressure nozzle 11 with a cone jet.
  • the high-pressure nozzle 11 is arranged within a ring guide plate 12 which has openings 13 on the rear for the supply of air.
  • An annular duct 14 fed with compressed air is arranged on the outside of the annular guide plate 12. Compressed air with axial main flow components emerges from the annular channel 14 via a plurality of annularly arranged nozzles 15 into the annular channel formed by the annular guide plate 12 and the high-pressure nozzle 11, so that air is sucked in from the atmosphere via the openings 13.
  • Compressed air also passes from the ring channel 14 via ring-shaped, axial nozzles 16 into the ring channel, which is formed by the ring guide plate 12 and a ring guide plate 17 of larger diameter.
  • the compressed air emerging from the nozzles 16 acts as a pump jet and sucks in air via the rear openings 18.
  • An annular nozzle 19 for the supply of fuel gas into the annular channel is arranged in the outer annular channel on the inside of the annular guide plate 17.
  • Coating material is supplied via a nozzle 20, which can be closed by a central hollow needle 21.
  • Compressed air can be supplied via the hollow needle 21.
  • the nozzle 20 is surrounded by an annular nozzle 22, the annular channel of which is fed via an axial channel 24 and a branch 25 from a main channel 26 compressed air which atomizes the emerging coating material in the mouth plane of the nozzle 20.
  • the nozzle arrangement 20 to 22 is surrounded by an inner ring guide plate 27, which forms an annular channel with an outer ring guide plate 28, in which an annular nozzle 29 for fuel gas is arranged.
  • the rear of the ring channel is closed by a plate 30 except for openings 31, via which, with the interposition of an annular distribution channel 32, compressed air is supplied from the main supply channel 26.
  • the end face of the burner is closed except for a central opening 33 by an annular plate 34, to the inner edge of which an inwardly projecting, funnel-shaped ring guide plate 35 is connected.
  • the jet of hot gases is directed by the ring guide plate 35 and, on the other hand, the hot gases are swirled in the annular space formed by the ring guide plates 28, 35.
  • the cross section in the flow direction is initially gradually increased, with kinetic energy being supplied to the flow in axially offset planes with the compressed air supplied, and the cross section is reduced only when it exits in the area of the ring guide plate 34.
  • the burner described is suitable for use under water except for the front, central opening 33. Because of the central, additional compressed air jet through the hollow needle 21, a strong pump jet results which withstands the pressure from the outside.
  • a detergent in particular fresh water, can be supplied via the central opening 33 and additionally via a nozzle 36.
  • the beam direction should be slightly inclined to create a swirl.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Erwärmen der Oberfläche eines Substrates mittels eines Heissgasstrahles, insbesondere unter gleichzeitiger Zufuhr von Beschichtungsstoff nach dem Flammspritzverfahren, bei dem das ringförmig zugeführte und mitVerbrennungsluftzu vermischende Brenngas durch Zufuhr von Pressluft in Form eines konzentrischen Pumpstrahls mit axialer Strömungskomponenten in Richtung auf die zu erwärmende Oberfläche beschleunigt wird.The invention relates to a method for heating the surface of a substrate by means of a hot gas jet, in particular with simultaneous supply of coating material by the flame spray process, in which the ring-shaped fuel gas to be mixed with combustion air by supplying compressed air in the form of a concentric pump jet with axial flow components in the direction of the surface to be heated is accelerated.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ferner ein Brenner zum Erwärmen der Oberfläche eines Substrates, insbesondere in Kombination mit einer Spritzdüse für einen Beschichtungsstoff, bestehend aus einer insbesondere koaxialen Düse für Pressluft mit einer axialen Strömungskomponenten und einem die Düse mit Abstand umgebenden Ringleitblech das einen Ringkanal mit rückseitigen Öffnungen für die Zufuhr von Verbrennungsluft bildet, sowie aus einem konzentrisch in dem Ringkanal angeordneten Brenngasdüsenkranz, deren Brenngas von der aus der koaxialen Düse austretenden Pressluft in der Verbrennungszone in axialer Richtung beschleunigt wird.The invention further relates to a burner for heating the surface of a substrate, in particular in combination with a spray nozzle for a coating material, consisting of a particularly coaxial nozzle for compressed air with an axial flow component and a ring guide plate surrounding the nozzle at a distance, which has an annular channel with openings at the rear forms for the supply of combustion air, as well as from a fuel gas nozzle ring arranged concentrically in the ring channel, the fuel gas of which is accelerated in the axial direction in the combustion zone by the compressed air emerging from the coaxial nozzle.

Bei einem bekannten Brenner dieser Art (vgl. DE-C-1 066111) transportiert die über die axiale Düse zugeführte Pressluft gleichzeitig den Beschichtungsstoff in Partikelform. Nach dem Injektorprinzip saugt der Pumpstrahl der Pressluft über den rückseitig offenen Ringkanal Aussenluft an. Die angesaugte Luft vermischt sich im Ringkanal mit den über eine Ringdüse am äusseren Rand des Ringkanals zugeführten Brenngase, so dass ein Flamrrrenkranz entsteht, der wie ein Mantel den zentralen, mit Schichtstoffpartikeln beladenen, kegeligen Pressluftstrahl umgibt, wobei sich zwischen diesem Mantel und dem kegeligen Pressluftstrahl ein Mantel aus der angesaugten Luft bildet. Der Heissgasflammenmantel erwärmt die zu beschichtende Oberfläche und trocknet diese ab. Ausserdem schirmt er den kegeligen Pressluftstrahl gegen Einflüsse aus der Umgebung ab und erwärmt ihn durch Strahlung und Verwirbelung auf dem Weg vom Austritt aus der Düse bis zu der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche.In a known burner of this type (cf. DE-C-1 066111), the compressed air supplied via the axial nozzle simultaneously transports the coating material in particle form. According to the injector principle, the pump jet sucks in the compressed air via the ring duct, which is open on the rear. The sucked-in air mixes in the ring channel with the fuel gases supplied via an annular nozzle on the outer edge of the ring channel, so that a flame ring is created that surrounds the central, conical compressed air jet loaded with laminate particles, whereby between this jacket and the conical compressed air jet forms a coat from the sucked air. The hot gas flame jacket heats the surface to be coated and dries it off. In addition, it shields the tapered compressed air jet from environmental influences and heats it by radiation and swirling on the way from the outlet from the nozzle to the surface to be coated.

Die Vorteile eines mit einem solchen Brenner durchgeführten Verfahrens bestehen darin, dass die Beschichtung in einer Zone geringster Luftfeuchtigkeit erfolgt. Die für die Abtrocknung der Oberfläche notwendige Wärmeenergie lässt sich genügend rasch erzeugen und herantransportieren, ohne dass die Temperatur auf dem Transportweg zu hoch wird. Auch brennbare und niedrigsiedende Lösungsmittel können dem Beschichtungsstoff zugesetzt werden, ohne dass sie beim Verspritzen entflammen.The advantages of a method carried out with such a burner are that the coating takes place in a zone of very low air humidity. The heat energy required to dry the surface can be generated and transported quickly enough without the temperature on the transport route becoming too high. Flammable and low-boiling solvents can also be added to the coating material without igniting them when sprayed.

Diese Vorteile begründen den erfolgreichen Einsatz des bekannten Verfahrens und des bekannten Brenners als Flammspritzpistole; dennoch ist der Brenner nicht frei von Nachteilen. So wurde eine Pulsation der Strömung festgestellt, die zu unvollkommener Verbrennung der Brenngase führte. Eine Pulsation führt auch zu einer ungleichmässigen Erwärmung der Oberfläche, weil die Flamme dann zum Pendeln neigt. Ist die Pulsation sehr stark, kann es sogar zum Erlöschen der Flamme kommen.These advantages justify the successful use of the known method and the known burner as a flame spray gun; however, the burner is not free from disadvantages. A pulsation in the flow was found, which led to incomplete combustion of the fuel gases. A pulsation also leads to an uneven heating of the surface because the flame then tends to oscillate. If the pulsation is very strong, the flame may even go out.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und einen Brenner der eingangs genannten Art in der Leistung und der Flammenstabilität zu verbessern.The invention has for its object to improve a method and a burner of the type mentioned in performance and flame stability.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei dem Verfahren dadurch gelöst, dass zusätzliche Pressluft in Form mindestens eines weiteren konzentrischen Pumpstrahls mit axialer Strömungskomponenten in einer zur Mündungsebene der Pressluft des einen Pumpstrahls versetzten Ebene zugeführt wird. Vorzugsweise sollte zur Vergrösserung des Strahlquerschnitts zwischen den Mündungsebenen der Pumpstrahlen weitere Luft von aussen zugeführt werden. Der weitere Pumpstrahl kann aus einer Zentralstrahldüse, Schlitzdüse oder Kranzdüse austreten. Ferner ist von Vorteil, wenn in mehreren axial versetzten Ebenen Brenngas koaxial zugeführt wird.This object is achieved in the method in that additional compressed air in the form of at least one further concentric pump jet with axial flow components is supplied in a plane offset from the compressed air of the one pump jet to the mouth plane. In order to enlarge the beam cross-section between the mouth planes of the pump jets, further air should preferably be supplied from the outside. The further pump jet can emerge from a central jet nozzle, slot nozzle or ring nozzle. It is also advantageous if fuel gas is supplied coaxially in several axially offset planes.

Bei der Erfindung beruht die Verbesserung der Leistung und der Flammenstabilität auf der mehrfachen Beschleunigung der heissen Verbrennungsgase und/oder der kaskadenförmigen Querschnittserweiterung bei gleichzeitiger Luftzufuhr. Messungen haben ergeben, dass sich eine Verbrennung mit einem Gehalt unter 0,1 CO Vol.% ergibt.In the invention, the improvement in performance and flame stability is based on the multiple acceleration of the hot combustion gases and / or the cascade-shaped cross-sectional expansion with simultaneous air supply. Measurements have shown that there is a combustion with a content below 0.1 CO vol.%.

Mit den erfindungsgemässen Massnahmen findet eine Umsetzung der hohen Verbrennungstemperatur auf eine niedere Temperatur der heissen Gase bei hoher Strömungsgeschwindigkeit dieser Gase in einem drucklosen, konzentrischen System statt. Dies ist Voraussetzung für günstige Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten an der zu erwärmenden Oberfläche. Von Vorteil ist auch der geringe Temperaturabfall der austretenden heissen Gase in Strömungsrichtung. Deshalb lassen sich mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren auch Körper erwärmen, die gegenüber überhöhten Temperaturen sehr empfindlich sind. So können mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren auch Schrumpffolien zur Verpackung von Gegenständen erwärmt werden, ohne dass es bereits bei geringen Abstandsänderungen zu einer Überhitzung der Schrumpffolie kommt.The measures according to the invention convert the high combustion temperature to a low temperature of the hot gases at a high flow rate of these gases in a depressurized, concentric system. This is a prerequisite for favorable heat transfer coefficients on the surface to be heated. The low temperature drop of the emerging hot gases in the direction of flow is also advantageous. For this reason, the method according to the invention can also be used to heat bodies which are very sensitive to excessive temperatures. The method according to the invention can also be used to heat shrink films for packaging objects without the shrink film overheating even with small changes in distance.

Mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren lässt sich nicht nur stationär, sondern kontinuierlich eine Oberflächenerwärmung, Trocknung und Beschichtung, z.B. eine Rohr- oder Bandbeschichtung, im Durchlauf durchführen.With the method according to the invention, surface heating, drying and coating, e.g. carry out a pipe or coil coating in one pass.

Bei einem Brenner der eingangs genannten Art kann die gestellte Aufgabe dadurch gelöst werden, dass zur Bildung eines Pumpstrahles in einer zu der einen Düse axial versetzten Ebene eine weitere Düse für Pressluft mit einer axialen Strömungskomponenten angeordnet ist und/oder die rückseitigen Öffnungen als Düsen für Pressluft mit einer axialen Strömungskomponenten ausgebildet sind, durch deren Pressluft Verbrennungsluft in die Verbrennungszone gefördert und die Verbrennungsgase in axialer Richtung beschleunigt. werden, oder dadurch, dass zur Bildung einer kaskadenförmigen Querschnittserweiterung bei gleichzeitiger Luftzufuhr konzentrisch zu und mit radialem Abstand von dem einen Ringleitblech ein weiteres Ringleitblech vorgesehen ist, das mit dem einen Ringleitblech den einen Ringkanal bildet und/oder einen weiteren Ringkanal mit rückseitigen Öffnungen bildet, oder durch die Kombination der beiden vorgenannten alternativen Merkmalskomplexe.In the case of a burner of the type mentioned at the outset, the object can be achieved in that a further nozzle for compressed air with an axial flow component is arranged in a plane axially offset from the one nozzle and / or the rear openings as nozzles for compressed air to form a pump jet are formed with an axial flow component, through whose compressed air combustion air is conveyed into the combustion zone and the combustion gases are accelerated in the axial direction. become, or by forming a Cascade-shaped cross-sectional expansion with simultaneous air supply concentrically with and at a radial distance from the one ring guide plate, a further ring guide plate is provided, which forms the one ring channel with the one ring guide plate and / or forms another ring channel with rear openings, or by combining the two aforementioned alternative feature complexes .

Sofern ein oder mehrere Ringleitbleche vorgesehen sind, hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn das nächstgrössere kaskadenförmig über das vordere Ende des jeweils kleineren Ringleitbleches hinausragt. Weiter ist von Vorteil, wenn die zugeordnete, weitere Düse für Pressluft innerhalb des grösseren Querschnittes insbesondere des überstehenden Abschnittes des grösseren Ringleitbleches angeordnet ist.If one or more ring guide plates are provided, it has proven to be advantageous if the next larger ring-shaped protrudes beyond the front end of the smaller ring guide plate. It is also advantageous if the associated, further nozzle for compressed air is arranged within the larger cross section, in particular the protruding section of the larger ring guide plate.

Zur Regulierung der Temperatur der Flamme können den rückseitigen Öffnungen des Ringkanals für die Luft Drosselelemente zugeordnet sein. Die Drosselelemente können von einer Lochscheibe gebildet werden. Die Drosselelemente können aber auch schräggestellte Schaufeln sein, die dann der zugeführten Luft einen die Verwirbelung begünstigenden Drall ergeben. Sowohl die Lochscheibe als auch die schräggestellten Schaufeln können als Distanz- und Tragelemente zwischen den Ringleitblechen dienen.In order to regulate the temperature of the flame, throttle elements can be assigned to the rear openings of the ring channel for the air. The throttle elements can be formed by a perforated disc. However, the throttle elements can also be inclined blades, which then give the air supplied a swirl which favors swirling. Both the perforated disc and the inclined blades can serve as spacer and support elements between the ring guide plates.

Sowohl der Brenner als auch die Spritzpistole lassen sich in einer sauerstofffreien Atmosphäre gebrauchen, wenn jeder Ringkanal rückseitig bis auf die Öffnungen für die Zufuhr von Luft verschlossen ist und die Öffnungen an eine Zufuhrleitung für Pressluft angeschlossen sind. Für die Benutzung des Brenners oder der Pistole unter Wasser ist zusätzlich die Stirnseite des Brenners bis auf eine zentrale Öffnung durch eine Ringplatte verschlossen. Bei der Benutzung des Brenners unter Salzwasser sollte eine Düse für ein Spülmedium mit Strahlrichtung durch die zentrale Öffnung vorgesehen sein, wobei insbesondere an der Öffnung ein Ringleitblech angeschlossen ist. Das Spülmedium reinigt dann die zu beschichtende Oberfläche von beim Trocknen entstehenden Rückständen, wie z. B. Salz.Both the burner and the spray gun can be used in an oxygen-free atmosphere if each ring channel is closed on the back except for the openings for the supply of air and the openings are connected to a supply line for compressed air. For the use of the burner or the pistol under water, the end of the burner is closed by a ring plate except for a central opening. When using the burner under salt water, a nozzle for a flushing medium with jet direction should be provided through the central opening, a ring guide plate being connected in particular to the opening. The rinsing medium then cleans the surface to be coated from residues arising during drying, such as. B. salt.

Um die erwärmte Oberfläche von Schmutz zu reinigen oder vorzubehandeln, z. B. für eine Oberflächenreaktion mit dem Beschichtungsmedium zu aktivieren, kann eine weitere Düse für ein gasförmiges oder flüssiges Medium mit Strahlrichtung auf den von den Heissgasen beaufschlagten Bereich des Substrates ausserhalb des Brennerkopfes angeordnet sein.To clean or pretreat dirt from the heated surface, e.g. B. to activate for a surface reaction with the coating medium, a further nozzle for a gaseous or liquid medium with jet direction can be arranged on the area of the substrate acted upon by the hot gases outside the burner head.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand einer Ausführungsbeispiele darstellenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. Im einzelnen zeigen

  • Fig. 1 einen Brenner im Axialschnitt in schematischer Darstellung,
  • Fig. 2 eine Spritzpistole zum Flammspritzen im Axialschnitt und
  • Fig. 3 eine Unterwasserpistole zum Flammspritzen im Axialschnitt.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing which shows exemplary embodiments. Show in detail
  • 1 shows a burner in axial section in a schematic representation,
  • Fig. 2 is a spray gun for flame spraying in axial section and
  • Fig. 3 is an underwater gun for flame spraying in axial section.

In allen Ausführungsbeispielen haben der Brenner und die Spritzpistole einen konzentrischen Aufbau.In all of the exemplary embodiments, the burner and the spray gun have a concentric structure.

Der Brenner gemäss Fig. 1 besteht aus einem ersten Ringleitblech 1 und einem zweiten Ringleitblech 2 grösseren Durchmessers, das konzentrisch zum ersten Ringleitblech 1 angeordnet ist und durch Distanzhalter 3 vom ersten Ringleitblech 1 getragen wird. Die Distanzhalter 3 sind vorzugsweise als schräggestellte Schaufeln ausgebildet.1 consists of a first ring guide plate 1 and a second ring guide plate 2 of larger diameter, which is arranged concentrically to the first ring guide plate 1 and is carried by spacers 3 from the first ring guide plate 1. The spacers 3 are preferably designed as inclined blades.

Zentral im ersten Ringleitblech 1 ist ein Kanal 4 für die Zufuhr von Pressluft vorgesehen, der durch entsprechende Distanzhalter 3 gehalten ist. Etwa auf halber axialer Länge des Ringleitbleches 1 sind in dem Kanal 4 als Düsen ausgebildete Öffnungen 5 mit einer Hauptströmungskomponenten in axialer Richtung ausgebildet. Das Ende des Kanals 4 weist eine Düse 6 auf, die bereits ausserhalb des Ringleitbleches 1 liegt und aus der Pressluft mit einer Hauptströmungskomponenten in axialer Richtung austritt. Die Düse 6 kann auch als Breitschlitzdüsen ausgebildet sein, wobei der Schlitz auch von einer Lochreihe gebildet werden kann.A channel 4 for the supply of compressed air is provided centrally in the first ring guide plate 1 and is held by corresponding spacers 3. Approximately half the axial length of the ring guide plate 1, openings 5 formed as nozzles with a main flow component in the axial direction are formed in the channel 4. The end of the channel 4 has a nozzle 6, which is already outside the ring guide plate 1 and emerges from the compressed air with a main flow component in the axial direction. The nozzle 6 can also be designed as a slot die, wherein the slot can also be formed by a row of holes.

Die von den Ringleitblechen 1, 2 und dem Pressluftkanal 4 gebildeten Ringkanäle sind rückseitig offen, so dass über diese Öffnungen 7, 8 Aussenluft angesaugt werden kann. Die Saugkraft wird durch die aus den Düsen 5, 6 austretende Pressluft erzeugt, die als Pumpstrahlen wirken. Die Zufuhr von Pressluft in zwei axial versetzten Ebenen führt der angesaugten Luft kinetische Energie zu, so dass die Luft in den Ringleitblechen 1, 2 in axialer Richtung bei zunehmendem Luftvolumen beschleunigt wird.The ring channels formed by the ring guide plates 1, 2 and the compressed air channel 4 are open at the rear, so that outside air can be sucked in through these openings 7, 8. The suction force is generated by the compressed air emerging from the nozzles 5, 6, which act as pump jets. The supply of compressed air in two axially offset planes supplies the sucked-in air with kinetic energy, so that the air in the ring guide plates 1, 2 is accelerated in the axial direction with increasing air volume.

Zusätzlich zu den rückseitigen Öffnungen 7, 8 können auch in den Wandungen des Ringleitbleches 1 im rückwärtigen Bereich Löcher vorgesehen sein.In addition to the rear openings 7, 8, holes can also be provided in the walls of the ring guide plate 1 in the rear region.

Am hinteren Ende des Ringleitbleches 1, an dessen Wandung, ist eine Ringdüse 9 angeordnet, die auf der dem Ringleitblech 2 zugekehrten Seite eine Lochreihe für den Austritt von Brenngas aufweist. Das austretende Brenngas vermischt sich mit der über die rückseitigen Öffnungen 7 angesaugten Luft, so dass sich ein brennbares Gas-Luftgemisch für eine Ringflamme bildet.At the rear end of the ring guide plate 1, on the wall thereof, an annular nozzle 9 is arranged, which has a row of holes on the side facing the ring guide plate 2 for the escape of fuel gas. The escaping fuel gas mixes with the air sucked in through the rear openings 7, so that a combustible gas-air mixture is formed for a ring flame.

Aufgrund der zweifachen Beschleunigung des durchströmenden Gasgemisches auf seinem Weg zum Brennermund ergibt sich eine optimale Verbrennung bei grosser Flammenstabilität, grossem Gasvolumen und grosser Strömungsgeschwindigkeit. Die Flammenstabilität wird weiter verbessert durch die kaskadenförmige Anordnung der Ringleitbleche.Due to the double acceleration of the gas mixture flowing through on its way to the burner mouth, there is optimal combustion with great flame stability, large gas volume and high flow velocity. The flame stability is further improved by the cascade arrangement of the ring guide plates.

Nach dem Prinzip des beschriebenen Brenners kann auch eine Spritzpistole aufgebaut sein. In einem solchen Fall wird über den zentralen Kanal 4 Pressluft mit Beschichtungspartikel beladen zugeführt oder bei separater Zuführung von Beschichtungsstoff der Beschichtungsstoff in der Austrittsebene der Pressluft zugeführt und dort zerstäubt. An einer zweiten, axial versetzten Stelle kann dann entweder zentral oder ringförmig weitere Pressluft zur weiteren Beschleunigung der Strömung zugeführt werden.A spray gun can also be constructed according to the principle of the burner described. In such a case, compressed air loaded with coating particles is supplied via the central channel 4 or, if the coating material is supplied separately, the coating material is supplied to the compressed air in the exit plane and atomized there. At a second, axially offset location, it can then either be central or annular further compressed air can be supplied to further accelerate the flow.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 ist seitlich am Brennerkopf eine weitere Düse 10 für die Zufuhr von Pressluft oder einem flüssigen Medium angeordnet, das entweder auf die von den Heissgasen beaufschlagte Fläche des Substrates oder in den Heissgasstrahl geblasen bzw. gespritzt wird. Im Falle von Pressluft lassen sich beim Trocknen freiwerdende Staubpartikel und Schmutzpartikel wegblasen. Im Falle von einem flüssigen Medium, z.B. von einem Aktivierungsmittel, kann die Oberfläche für das Beschichtungsmedium aktiviert werden. Die Düse 10 selbst kann als Einzeldüse oder als Breitschlitzdüse ausgebildet sein. Statt des Schlitzes kann auch eine Lochreihe vorgesehen sein.In the embodiment of FIG. 1, a further nozzle 10 is arranged on the side of the burner head for the supply of compressed air or a liquid medium, which is either blown or sprayed onto the surface of the substrate acted upon by the hot gases or into the hot gas jet. In the case of compressed air, dust particles and dirt particles released can be blown away during drying. In the case of a liquid medium, e.g. of an activating agent, the surface for the coating medium can be activated. The nozzle 10 itself can be designed as a single nozzle or as a slot die. Instead of the slot, a row of holes can also be provided.

Bei der Spritzpistole der Fig. 2 wird das Beschichtungsmedium einer zentralen Hochdruckdüse 11 mit Kegelstrahl zugeführt. Die Hochdruckdüse 11 ist innerhalb eines Ringleitbleches 12 angeordnet, das rückseitig Öffnungen 13 für die Zufuhr von Luft hat. Auf der Aussenseite des Ringleitbleches 12 ist ein mit Pressluft gespeister Ringkanal 14 angeordnet. Aus dem Ringkanal 14 tritt über mehrere ringförmig angeordnete Düsen 15 Pressluft mit axialer Hauptströmungskomponenten in den von dem Ringleitblech 12 und der Hochdruckdüse 11 gebildeten Ringkanal, so dass aus der Atmosphäre Luft über die Öffnungen 13 angesaugt wird. Aus dem Ringkanal 14 tritt ferner über ringförmig angeordnete, axiale Düsen 16 Pressluft in den Ringkanal, der von dem Ringleitblech 12 und einem Ringleitblech 17 grösseren Durchmessers gebildet wird. Wie die aus den Düsen 15 austretende Pressluft wirkt die aus den Düsen 16 austretende Pressluft als Pumpstrahl und saugt über die rückseitigen Öffnungen 18 Luft an. In dem äusseren Ringkanal ist an der Innenseite des Ringleitbleches 17 eine Ringdüse 19 für die Zufuhr von Brenngas in den Ringkanal angeordnet.In the spray gun of FIG. 2, the coating medium is fed to a central high-pressure nozzle 11 with a cone jet. The high-pressure nozzle 11 is arranged within a ring guide plate 12 which has openings 13 on the rear for the supply of air. An annular duct 14 fed with compressed air is arranged on the outside of the annular guide plate 12. Compressed air with axial main flow components emerges from the annular channel 14 via a plurality of annularly arranged nozzles 15 into the annular channel formed by the annular guide plate 12 and the high-pressure nozzle 11, so that air is sucked in from the atmosphere via the openings 13. Compressed air also passes from the ring channel 14 via ring-shaped, axial nozzles 16 into the ring channel, which is formed by the ring guide plate 12 and a ring guide plate 17 of larger diameter. Like the compressed air emerging from the nozzles 15, the compressed air emerging from the nozzles 16 acts as a pump jet and sucks in air via the rear openings 18. An annular nozzle 19 for the supply of fuel gas into the annular channel is arranged in the outer annular channel on the inside of the annular guide plate 17.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. wird Beschichtungsstoff über eine Düse 20, die durch eine zentrale Hohlnadel 21 verschliessbar ist, zugeführt. Über die Hohlnadel 21 kann Pressluft zugeführt werden. Die Düse 20 ist von einer Ringdüse 22 umgeben, deren Ringkanal über einen axialen Kanal 24 und eine Verzweigung 25 von einem Hauptkanal 26 Pressluft zugeführt wird, die in der Mündungsebene der Düse 20 den austretenden Beschichtungsstoff zerstäubt. Die Düsenanordnung 20 bis 22 ist von einem inneren Ringleitblech 27 umgeben, das mit einem äusseren Ringleitblech 28 einen Ringkanal bildet, in dem eine Ringdüse 29 für Brenngas angeordnet ist. Der Ringkanal ist rückseitig durch eine Platte 30 bis auf Öffnungen 31 verschlossen, über die, unter Zwischenschaltung eines ringförmigen Verteilungskanals 32, Pressluft aus dem Hauptzufuhrkanal 26 zugeführt wird.In the exemplary embodiment of the FIG., Coating material is supplied via a nozzle 20, which can be closed by a central hollow needle 21. Compressed air can be supplied via the hollow needle 21. The nozzle 20 is surrounded by an annular nozzle 22, the annular channel of which is fed via an axial channel 24 and a branch 25 from a main channel 26 compressed air which atomizes the emerging coating material in the mouth plane of the nozzle 20. The nozzle arrangement 20 to 22 is surrounded by an inner ring guide plate 27, which forms an annular channel with an outer ring guide plate 28, in which an annular nozzle 29 for fuel gas is arranged. The rear of the ring channel is closed by a plate 30 except for openings 31, via which, with the interposition of an annular distribution channel 32, compressed air is supplied from the main supply channel 26.

Die Stirnseite des Brenners ist bis auf eine zentrale Öffnung 33 durch eine Ringplatte 34 verschlossen, an deren innerem Rand ein nach innen ragendes, trichterförmiges Ringleitblech 35 angeschlossen ist. Durch das Ringleitblech 35 wird einmal der Strahl der heissen Gase gelenkt und zum anderen eine Verwirbelung der heissen Gase in dem von den Ringleitblechen 28, 35 gebildeten Ringraum bewirkt.The end face of the burner is closed except for a central opening 33 by an annular plate 34, to the inner edge of which an inwardly projecting, funnel-shaped ring guide plate 35 is connected. On the one hand, the jet of hot gases is directed by the ring guide plate 35 and, on the other hand, the hot gases are swirled in the annular space formed by the ring guide plates 28, 35.

Auch bei dieser Ausführung wird der Querschnitt in Strömungsrichtung zunächst stufenweise vergrössert, wobei der Strömung in axial versetzten Ebenen mit der zugeführten Pressluft kinetische Energie zugeführt wird, und erst beim Austritt im Bereich des Ringleitbleches 34 ist der Querschnitt verkleinert.In this embodiment, too, the cross section in the flow direction is initially gradually increased, with kinetic energy being supplied to the flow in axially offset planes with the compressed air supplied, and the cross section is reduced only when it exits in the area of the ring guide plate 34.

Der beschriebene Brenner ist wegen seiner Einkapselung bis auf die vordere, zentrale Öffnung 33 für die Benutzung unter Wasser geeignet. Wegen des zentralen, zusätzlichen Pressluftstrahles durch die Hohlnadel 21 ergibt sich ein starker Pumpstrahl, der dem Druck von aussen standhält.Because of its encapsulation, the burner described is suitable for use under water except for the front, central opening 33. Because of the central, additional compressed air jet through the hollow needle 21, a strong pump jet results which withstands the pressure from the outside.

Um die getrocknete Oberfläche von Rückständen, wie Salz, zu reinigen, kann über die zentrale Öffnung 33 und zusätzlich über eine Düse 36 ein Spülmittel, insbesondere Süsswasser, zugeführt werden. Die Strahlrichtung sollte zur Erzeugung eines Dralls leicht schräggestellt sein.In order to clean residues such as salt from the dried surface, a detergent, in particular fresh water, can be supplied via the central opening 33 and additionally via a nozzle 36. The beam direction should be slightly inclined to create a swirl.

Gute Ergebnisse wurden mit einem Brenner des Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 erzielt, bei dem der Durchmesser des jeweils äusseren Ringleitbleches annähernd gleich oder kleiner als der doppelte Durchmesser des nächstkleineren Ringleitbleches ist und die Länge des Gesamtbrenners grösser als die Länge des Gesamtbrenners grösser als die Länge des Ringleitbleches mit dem grössten Durchmesser. Der Ringspalt zwischen der am inneren Ringleitblech 1 anliegenden Ringdüse 9 für Brenngas und einem dem Brenngaskanal 4 umgebenden Trägerrohr ist annähernd gleich einem Viertel des Durchmessers des Ringleitbleches 1. Bewährt hat sich ein Brenner mit folgenden Abmessungen:

Figure imgb0001
Good results have been achieved with a burner of the embodiment of FIG. 1, in which the diameter of the outer ring guide plate is approximately equal to or smaller than twice the diameter of the next smaller ring guide plate and the length of the overall burner is greater than the length of the overall burner is greater than the length of the Ring baffles with the largest diameter. The annular gap between the ring nozzle 9 for fuel gas resting on the inner ring guide plate 1 and a carrier tube surrounding the fuel gas channel 4 is approximately equal to a quarter of the diameter of the ring guide plate 1. A burner with the following dimensions has proven successful:
Figure imgb0001

Claims (17)

1. Process for heating the surface of a substrate by means of a hot gas jet, in particular under simultaneous supply of a coating material according to the flame spraying process, in which the toroidally supplied combustion gas to be admixed with combustion air is accelerated by admixture of compressed air in the form of a concentric axial flow component pump stream towards the surface to be heated, characterized in that there is supplied additional compressed air in the form of at least one further concentric axial flow component in a plane offset with respect to the outlet plane of the compressed air of said first pump stream.
2. Process as defined by claim 1, characterized in that there is supplied from the outside additional air for increasing the stream section between the outlet planes of said two pump streams.
3. Process as defined by either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that there is supplied combustion gas coaxially in a plurality of axially offset planes.
4. Burner apparatus for heating the surface of a substrate, in particular in combination with a spray nozzle for a coating material, consisting in particular of a coaxial nozzle (6, 15, 22) for compressed air having an axial stream component and an annular deflector (1, 17, 28) provided in spaced relationship to nozzles (6, 15, 22), said annular deflector (1, 17, 28) forming an annular channel comprising rearward apertures (7,18, 31) for combustion air supply, and comprising a combustion gas nozzle scroll (9, 19, 29) concentrically arranged within said annular channel, the combustion gas of which is accelerated in axial direction in the combustion area by the compressed air released by coaxial nozzle (6, 15, 22), characterized in that for forming a pump stream in a plane axially offset with respect to first nozzle (6, 15, 22) there is provided a second nozzle (5, 16) for compressed air with an axial flow component and/ or that said rearward apertures (31) are designed as compressed air nozzles comprising an axial flow component and that through the compressed air released thereby combustion air is supplied into the combustion area and the combustion gases are further accelerated in axial direction.
5. Burner apparatus for heating the surface of a substrate, in particular in combination with a spray nozzle for a coating material, consisting in particular of a coaxial nozzle (6, 15, 22) for compressed air having an axial flow component and an annular deflector (1, 17, 28) provided in spaced relationship to nozzles (6, 15, 22), said annular deflector (1, 17, 28) forming an annular channel comprising rearward apertures (7, 18, 31) for combustion air supply, and comprising a combustion gas nozzle scroll (9, 19, 29) concentrically arranged within said annular channel, the combustion gas of which is accelerated in axial direction in the combustion area by the compressed air released by coaxial nozzle (6, 15, 22), characterized in that for forming a cascading section extension with simultaneous air supply there is provided concentrically and in radially spaced relationship to said first deflector (1, 17, 28) a second deflector (2, 12, 27) forming with said first deflector (1, 17, 28) said first annular channel and/or a second annular channel comprising rearward apertures (8).
6. Burner apparatus as defined by claim 5, characterized in that for forming a pump stream in a plane axially offset with respect to first nozzle (6, 15, 22) there is provided a second nozzle (5, 16) supplying compressed air, said nozzle having an axial flow component, and/or that rearward apertures (31) are designed as compressed air nozzles having an axial flow component, the compressed air of which supplies combustion air into the combustion area and additionally accelerates the combustion gases in axial direction.
7. Burner apparatus as defined by either of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that at least one deflector (2, 17, 28) extends in the form of a cascade beyond the front end of each adjadent smaller deflector (1, 12, 27).
8. Burner apparatus as defined by either of claims 4, or 6 and 7, characterized in that in the area of said second deflector (2, 16, 31) said second nozzle (6, 16, 31) is provided in particular in the extending section of said second deflector (2, 17, 28).
9. Burner apparatus as defined by either of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that in case of more than two deflectors there are correlated to at least a selection of inner deflectors or to all inner deflectors combustion gas nozzles.
10. Burner apparatus as defined by either of claims 4, or 6 to 9, characterized in that throttle elements (3) are correlated in said annular channel to rearward apertures (7) providing for air supply.
11. Burner apparatus as defined by claim 10, characterized in that said throttle elements are formed by a perforated disk.
12. Burner apparatus as defined by claim 10, characterized in that said throttle elements are formed by inclined blades.
13. Burner apparatus as defined by either of claims 5, or 6 to 12, characterized in that at the rear side each of said annular channels is shut-off for air supply, except for apertures (31) and that said apertures (31) are connected to a compressed air supply line (26, 32).
14. Burner apparatus as defined by claim 13, characterized in that except for a central aperture (33) the burner front side is closed by a deflector (28).
15. Burner apparatus as defined by claim 14, characterized in that central aperture (33) is followed by a deflector (35).
16. Burner apparatus as defined by claim 14, characterized in that there is provided a nozzle (36) for a rinsing medium (for instance fresh water) having a flow directed through central aperture (33) and presenting in particular an angular momentum.
17. Burner apparatus as defined by either of claims 4 to 16, characterized in that there is provided a nozzle (10) for a gaseous or liquid medium flowing in the direction of the area of the substrate loaded with hot gases or into the hot gas stream outside the burner head.
EP82104279A 1981-05-29 1982-05-15 Method of heating the surface of a substrate by means of a hot gas jet, particularly with simultaneous supply of coating material using the flame spraying process, and burner for the realization of said method Expired EP0066164B1 (en)

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AT82104279T ATE29113T1 (en) 1981-05-29 1982-05-15 PROCESS FOR HEATING THE SURFACE OF A SUBSTRATE USING A HOT GAS JET, ESPECIALLY WITH SIMULTANEOUS SUPPLY OF COATING MATERIAL ACCORDING TO THE FLAME SPRAYING METHOD AND TORCH FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCESS.

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DE19813121370 DE3121370A1 (en) 1981-05-29 1981-05-29 COMPRESSED AIR GAS BURNER FOR THE OPERATION OF FLAME SPRAY GUNS AND AS A DRYER
DE3121370 1981-05-29

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EP0066164A3 EP0066164A3 (en) 1983-07-20
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ATE29113T1 (en) 1987-09-15
ES8306526A1 (en) 1983-06-16
ES512652A0 (en) 1983-06-16
DE3277064D1 (en) 1987-10-01
NO155676C (en) 1987-05-06
DE3121370A1 (en) 1983-05-19
NO821795L (en) 1982-11-30
BR8203170A (en) 1983-05-17
AR228902A1 (en) 1983-04-29
CA1180548A (en) 1985-01-08
US4579280A (en) 1986-04-01
NO860194L (en) 1982-11-30
EP0066164A3 (en) 1983-07-20
ZA823832B (en) 1983-09-28
NO155676B (en) 1987-01-26
JPS5824713A (en) 1983-02-14
EP0066164A2 (en) 1982-12-08

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DE2423933C3 (en) Device for film coating pharmaceutical formulations with a coating compound

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