US1421844A - Fluid-translating device - Google Patents

Description

H. F. SCHMIDT. FLUID TRANSLATING DEVICE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT-14, 1914. RENEWED 02c. 30. 1921.

m M L Patented July 4, 1922.

IN VENTOR. w WITNESSES: v d

/ H/S ATTORNEY IN FACT HENRY IE. SCHMIDT, OF SWARTHMORE HOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY,

SYLVANIA.

PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T0 WESTING- A CORPORATION OF PENN- rnnrn-rnansrnrrne DEVICE.

Application filed September 14, 1914, Serial No. 861,

T 0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, HENRY F. SCHMIDT, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Swarthmore, in the county of Delaware and State of Pennsylvania, have made a new and useful Invention in Fluid-Translating Devices, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to fluid translating devices and particularly to devices for maintaining a high vacuum in a condenser or similar apparatus.

An object of the invention is to produce a fluid translating device, of the kinetic type, in which means are employed for maintaining the operation of the device substantially constant for practically all varying conditions.

A further object is to produce a fluid translating device employing the kinetic or velocity energy of the motive fluid delivered to it in transferring fluid from a region of lower to a region of higher pressure, which automatically adjusts itself to variations in the quantity of fluid conveyed, thus preventing fluctuations of pressure in either the region of higher or lower pressure.

A further and more specific object is to produce a series of cooperating ejectors in which means are employed for automatically causing the ejectors to operate in series, or in parallel, with relation to the region or lower pressure and in response to variations in the quantity of medium tobe ejected or to be compressed from the region of lower to the region of higher pressure.

These and other objects, which will be made apparent throughout the further description of the invention, are attained by means of apparatus embodying the features herein described and illustrated in the single sheet drawing accompanying and forming a part of this application.

In the drawing, I have diagrammatically illustrated in Figure 1 a section of an ejector apparatus embodying my invention. Figure 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view along the line 22 of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view along the line 2-2 of Figure 1 of a modification of the nozzle shown in Figure 2.

The apparatus illustrated as an embodiment of my invention includes an ejector, generally indicated by the numeral 3, which consists of a combination suction and com- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 1, 1922.

634. Renewed December 30, 1921. Serial No. 526,032. bining chamber 4:, a fluid discharge nozzle 5 and a diffuser 6. The chamber 4 is provided with a port 7 which is shown as communicatmg wlth a passage or pipe 8, adapted to con nect with the vessel to be evacuated, or with the region of lower pressure. The nozzle 5 is so constructed that it discharges a stream of fluid at a high velocity through the chamber 4; and into the dilfuser 6.

The diffuser 6 communicates with the combining tube 9 of a second ejector, generally indicated by the numeral 10. This ejector is provided with an annular fluid delivery no-zzle as shown in F igure 2, or an annular series of nozzles 11, as shown in Figure 3, receiving motive fluid from a port 12 and discharging it into the combining tube 9 around the outlet of the diifuser 6. The combining tube 9 terminates in a divergent diffuser 13, the outlet of which communicates with the region of higher pressure. An annular series of ports or annular port or passageway 1a is located at a point near the throat of the diifuser 13 and establishes communication between a chamber 15 and the diffuser. The chamber 15, as shown, communicates with the pipe 8, or with the region of lower pressure through a branch pipe 16. A non-return valve 17, of any suitable type, is located between the ports 14 and the region of lower pressure. As shown, this valve is located in the pipe 16 and is adapted to permit a relatively free flow of fluid from the pipe 8, or the region of lower pressure, to the chamber 15, but to prevent a flow in the reverse direction, that is, from the chamber 15 to the pipe 8.

The throat 18 of the diffuser 6 is proportioned for a flow of media or combined fluid which. is encountered under normal operating conditions, and the nozzle 5 is so proportioned that it is just capable of delivering suflicient fluid to compress the amount of fluid encountered in the chamber 41;, under normal operating conditions, to the pressure at the mouth of the diffuser 6. The nozzle or nozzles 11, supplied with motive fluid or steam through the port 12, are so proportioned as to deliver suflicient motive fluid to compress the combined media issuing from the mouth of the diffuser 6 and to deliver it through the throat 19 of the diffuser 13 and compress it to the outlet pressure of the diffuser 13. The throat 19 of the diffuser 13 is so proportioned for the normal delivery of the media from the mouth of the combining chamber 9.

l/Vith such an arrangement the cooperating ejectors 3 and 10 will operate under normal conditions with no tendency toward upsetting and, in fact, the conditions may vary within a definite range without creating a tendency toward upsetting.

If, on the other hand, the quantity of fluid to be ejected from the chamber 4 materially exceeds that which the throat 18 is designed to pass, there will be a tendency to choke in the throat 18, which tendency would result in building up the pressure in the chamber 4. Such a condition will occasion' a flow of fluid from the chamber 4, through the pipe 8, the pipe 16, through the valve 17 and into the chamber 15, since the pressure existing'at the ports 14, and consequently in the chamber 15, varies less rapidly with an increase ofthe amount of medium to beejected than the pressure in the chamber 4. The fluid entering the chamber 15 through the pipe 16, is entrained by the fluid issuing from the combining tube 9, and is discharged through the outlet of the diffuser 13. Thus it is apparent that when normal or less than normal quantities of fluid are passed the ejectors 3 and 10 operate in series, but that for large quantities they operate in parallel, thus increasing the ca pacity of the apparatus.

Attention is directed to my copending ap plication, Serial No. 861,635, filed September 14, 1914, and entitled Fluid translating devices, in which I have described and claimed a multi-stage ejector in which at least two stages are normally adapted to operate in series on medium to be expelled, and in which the second or final stage is provided with a diffuser movable in response to variations in pressure at the source of medium to be expelled for the purpose of controlling the delivery or" expelling or motive fluid to the second or final stage and also for the further purpose of controlling the flow of medium to be ejected through a by-pass passage which extends around the initial stage and communicates with the source of medium to be expelled and the second stage.

In my copending application, Serial No. 861,630, filed September 14, 1914 and entitled Fluid translating devices, I have illustrated and claimed an ejector device in which means responsive to variations in, pressure'within the ejector are provided for maintaining a substantially constant flow of fluid through the working passages of the device. A two stage ejector is illustrated, in which the first stage performs the double function of accelerating the medium to be expelled and delivering a filling jet of motive fluid to the throat of the diifuser of the second stage. The flow of motive fluid through the accelerating nozzle is controlled by a valve which is movable in response to variations in pressure within the device.

lVhile I have illustrated but one embodiment of my invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the drawing is merely illustrative, and that various changes, modifications, substitutions, additions and omissions maybe made in the apparatus illustrated without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention as set forth by the appended claims.

lVhat I claim is:

1. In combination in anapparatus of the character described, a plurality of ejectors located in series, a passage "from which medium is to be ejected by said'ejectors, and means responsive to a variation in the amount of medium to be translated for causing said ejectors to operate'in series or in parallel in receiving fluid from said passage. 2. In combination in an apparatus of the character described, a plurality of ejectors located in series, a passage from which medium is to be ejected, and means responsive to variations in the amount of medium to be ejected for transposing the major effective throat from one of said ej ectors to the other.

3. In combination in an apparatus of the character described, a plurality of ejectors located in series, a passage from which medium is to be rejected, communicating with the suction port of each of said ejectors, and means responsive to Variations in the amount of medium to be ejected delivered through said passage for controlling communication between the second ejector of the series and said passage. 7

4. In combination in an apparatus of the character described, a plurality of ejectors located in series, a passage communicating with both ejectors, and means, dependent on. variations in pressure conditions within the ejectors for permitting a flow of medium from said passage to the second ejector of the series, but for preventing a flow of medium from the second to the first ejector of the series.

5. In combination in an apparatus of the A character described, an ejector comprising a combining chamber,communicating with a source of fluid to be ejected, a diffuser communicating with said chamber, and'a fluid delivery nozzle for discharging impelling fluid through said chamber and said diffuser, a second ejector communicating with the first e ector, and comprising a combining tube 1n open and free communication with the diffuser of the first ejector, an impelling I fluid delivery nozzle discharging into said combining tube and located out of the path of travel of fluid issuing from the diffuser of the first ejector, and adifiuser communieating with said combining tube, and means for admitting fluid from said source of fluid to be impelled to said'second ejector.

communicating with 6. In combination in an apparatus of the character described, an ejector comprising a combining chamber, communicating with a source of fluid to be ejected, a diffuser communicating with said chamber, and a fluid delivery nozzle for discharging impelling fluid through said chamber and said diffuser, a second ejector communicating with the first ejector, and comprising a combining tube in open and free communication with the diffuser of the first ejector, an impelling fluid delivery nozzle discharging into said combining tube and located out of the path of travel of fluid issuing from the dif fuser of the first ejector, and a diffuser communicating with said combining tube, means for admitting fluid, from said source of fluid to be impelled, into the diffuser of the second ejector and around said combining tube, and a check valve between said source of fluid to be impelled and said second ejector.

7 In combination in an apparatus of the character described, a passage from which medium is to be exhausted, a diffuser through which medium from the passage is expelled, a fluid delivery nozzle for delivering expelling fluid through the diffuser and means responsive to variations in the amount of medium entering said passage for controlling direct communication between said diffuser and said passage.

8. In combination in an apparatus of the character described, a source of fluid to be ejected, an ejector comprising a chamber communicating with said source, a second ejector communicating with the discharge of the first ejector and having a port communicating with said source of fluid to be ejected.

9. In combination in an apparatus of the character described, a two stage ejector, in combination with a valved passage for placing the second stage of the ejector in direct communication with the source of fluid to be ejected.

10. In combination in an apparatus of the character described, an ejector comprising a chamber communicating with a source of fluid to be ejected, a diffuser communicating with said chamber, and a nozzle for delivering motive fluid into and through the chamber and the diffuser, a second ejector the diffuser of the first ejector, and means responsive to variations in pressure conditions for delivering fluid from said source directly to the second ejector.

11. An ejector comprising a chamber from which fluid medium is to be ejected, a diffuser communicating with said chamber, and a fluid discharge nozzle for discharging fluid into said chamber and through said diffuser,

his

in combination with a second ejector, comprising a combining tube, a diffuser communicating therewith, means for delivering a jet of expelling fluid into and through said ejector, and means for establishing direct communication between said diffuser and said chamber other than through said first mentioned difiuser.

12. An ejector comprising a chamber from which fluid is to be ejected, a diffuser communicating therewith, and means for dis charging a jet of steam into said chamber and through said diffuser, in combination with a second ejector comprising a con vergent divergent diffuser communicating with the discharge of the first mentioned diffuser, means for delivering a jet of impelling fluid through said last mentioned diffuser, and means for placing the throat of the second mentioned diffuser in communication with said chamber, by means of a passage other than said first mentioned diffuser.

13. In combination with a passage to be exhausted, an ejector comprising a convergent divergent tube communicating there with and provided ith an opening adjacent the throat thereof, means for delivering a jet of motive fluid through said diffuser, and means for establishing communication be tween said passage and said diffuser through the opening adjacent the throat of the diffuser.

141-. In combination in an ejector, a passage to be exhausted, a conver ent divergent cliffuser communicating with said passage and having an opening formed in its walls intermediate the ends thereof, a passage communicating with said opening and with said first mentioned passage, and a valve in said passage responsive to variations in the relative pressures in said diffuser and said first mentioned passage.

15. In combination in. an ejector, a passage from which fluid is to be ejected, a diffuser communicating with said passage, means for delivering a ct of motive fluid through said ejector, a passage for establishing communication between said first mentioned passage and said difluser and a one way valve in said passage and responsive to variations in the relative pressures in said first mentioned passage and said diffuser.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 21st day of August, 1914.

C. W. MoGHEE, E. W. MCCALLISTER.

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