EP0064913A2 - Mehrelementenröntgendetektor - Google Patents

Mehrelementenröntgendetektor Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0064913A2
EP0064913A2 EP82400769A EP82400769A EP0064913A2 EP 0064913 A2 EP0064913 A2 EP 0064913A2 EP 82400769 A EP82400769 A EP 82400769A EP 82400769 A EP82400769 A EP 82400769A EP 0064913 A2 EP0064913 A2 EP 0064913A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
multidetector
enclosure
plate
main
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82400769A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0064913A3 (en
EP0064913B1 (de
Inventor
Robert Allemand
Jean-Jacques Gagelin
Edmond Tournier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Publication of EP0064913A2 publication Critical patent/EP0064913A2/de
Publication of EP0064913A3 publication Critical patent/EP0064913A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0064913B1 publication Critical patent/EP0064913B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J47/00—Tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles
    • H01J47/02—Ionisation chambers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an X-ray multidetector, and in particular of X-rays which have passed through an object or an organ after having been emitted by a source emitting towards the object or the organ, these X-rays in the form of a planar beam having a wide angular opening and a small thickness.
  • This invention applies more particularly to the manufacture of multidetectors intended for tomography or radiography of organs, but also to industrial control, such as baggage control for example.
  • the X-ray multidetectors make it possible to measure the absorption of an X-ray beam passing through an object or an organ, this absorption being linked to the density of the tissues of the organ examined or to the density of the materials constituting the object studied.
  • a first type of ionization X-ray multidetector used in radiography and tomography is multicellular and comprises cells delimited by conductive plates perpendicular to the plane of the X-ray beam and brought alternately to positive and negative potentials. These cells are located in a sealed enclosure containing an ionizing gas.
  • the advantages of this type of multidetector are as follows: it provides good collimation of X-rays when the plates used in the detection cells are made of a very absorbent material; the collection time of the charges resulting from the ionization of the gas by X-rays is very short because of the small spacing of the conductive plates and the good separation between the detection cells.
  • this type of multidetector has significant drawbacks: it is very difficult to manufacture and therefore expensive. In addition, if it is desired to reduce the thickness of the plates in order to increase the quantity of X-rays detected, there is a reduction in collimation due to the small thickness of the plates; this small thickness of the plates also causes a very large microphone. Finally, multidetectors of this type, as indicated above, have a great complexity of production which involves a high manufacturing cost; they require mounting in a dust-free room, because any dust on one of the plates, can cause priming or deterioration of the leakage current between two consecutive plates. It is added to these drawbacks that the numerous electrodes used require very numerous electrical connections, inside the sealed chamber, which poses problems. my difficult reliability of soldering connections on the electrodes.
  • a second type of multidetector which has a much simpler structure, but which is not perfect.
  • This other type of multidetector comprises a sealed chamber containing a gas ionizable by rays from the organ or object and, in this chamber, a plate for collecting the electrons resulting from the ionization of the gas; this plate is parallel to the plane of the beam of incident rays and it is brought to a positive high voltage.
  • a series of electrodes for collecting the ions resulting from the ionization of the gas by the X-rays coming from the object is arranged in parallel and facing the preceding plate; these ion collection electrodes are brought to a potential close to 0 and are directed towards the source which emits the X-rays, in the direction of the object. They are located in a plane parallel to the plane of the beam of the incident rays and respectively provide a function measurement current. of the quantity of ions obtained by the ionization of the gas opposite each electrode, under the effect of the rays coming from the object or the organ, in a direction corresponding to that of the incident rays.
  • This type of multidetector has certain advantages: there are no longer, as in the previously mentioned multidetector, separation plates; this eliminates any annoying phenomenon of microphony. Due to the removal of these separation plates, the quantity of X-rays detected is maximum; the realization of this type of multidetector is simpler and it is very little sensitive to dust. Finally, it is possible, without connection inside the sealed chamber, to re pick up, inside the chamber, the signals available on each of the electrodes brought to a potential close to 0.
  • this type of multidetector still presents a serious manufacturing difficulty because the electrodes are connected to measurement points outside the enclosure, by connections which require soldering on these electrodes, inside the enclosure. These welds are very difficult to perform and the passage of these connections through the enclosure poses problems of sealing and electrical insulation, very difficult and very costly to solve.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback and in particular to manufacture a multidetector of this second type, in a simple and inexpensive manner, without welding on the electrodes inside the enclosure to connect them, by connections, at points outside the enclosure.
  • the invention relates to uri method of manufacturing an X-ray multidetector adapted to commission- including X rays having passed through an object or organ, these radii being provided by a source emitting a beam of plane Q of low X-ray thickness, this multidetector comprising a sealed enclosure filled with an ionizable gas, and in this enclosure, at least one main multidetector assembly comprising a flat conductive plate, electrically isolated from the enclosure, parallel to the X-ray beam and brought to a first potential level, and a plurality of planar electrodes parallel to the plate, electrically isolated from this plate, these electrodes being isolated from each other, brought to a second potential level and extending in the direction of the rays supplied by the source, method characterized in that it consists in producing the electrodes as well as main connections between these electrodes and measurement points outside the enclosure making it possible to take the currents flowing respectively in these electrodes, on a main face of an electrically insulating plate, these main connections being electrically isolated from
  • At least one other secondary multidetector assembly is produced, with a structure identical to that of the main multidetector assembly, the plate of this secondary multidetector being brought to a third potential level and the electrodes being brought to a second potential level, the electrodes of this secondary multidetector as well as respective connections between these electrodes and secondary points external to the enclosure being made on a secondary face of the electrically insulating plate, opposite to the main face, these secondary connections being electrically isolated from the enclosure and passing through it in a sealed manner opposite to the X-ray source, the process then consisting in connecting the main and secondary connections respectively.
  • the electrodes and the connections are made in the form of conductive deposits on the insulating plate.
  • these conductive deposits are etched metallized deposits.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing multiple X-ray detectors providing a flat beam, characterized in that the sealed enclosure is constituted by at least one electrically insulating plate carrying the electrodes and the connections between these electrodes and the external measurement points, at least one conductive plate, and at least one spacer electrically insulated, the hollow interior of which forms said enclosure and separating the two plates, insulating and conducting.
  • This manufacturing process obviously still makes it possible to produce a structure with a main multidetector and a secondary multidetector, the two enclosures defined by two plates and a spacer being superimposed and filled with an ionizable gas; it also makes it possible to produce a superimposition of multidetectors, either with a simple structure or with a double structure (main multidetector and secondary multidetector), making it possible to analyze several parallel planar beams juxtaposed simultaneously.
  • the subject of the invention is an X-ray multidetector obtained according to the method described above.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically and in perspective, a multidetector that it is possible to manufacture according to the method of the invention.
  • This. multidetector comprises a plate 1 brought to a first potential level (high positive voltage + HV) and, opposite, a series of electrodes 2 brought to a second potential level (close to 0 volts).
  • This plate and these electrodes are located in a sealed main chamber 3, shown diagrammatically and which contains at least one ionizable gas, such as xenon for example.
  • This multidetector makes it possible to detect the X-rays which have passed through an object or an organ 0, these rays being supplied by a point or linear source S which emits in the direction of the object or the organ, a plane beam F of X-rays incidents.
  • This beam has a wide angular opening and a small thickness.
  • the plate 1 is parallel to the plane of the beam of incident rays, while the plane electrodes 2 are located in a plane parallel to the plane of the beam of incident rays, opposite the plate 1.
  • the plate 1 which is brought to a positive potential neighbor of a few kilovolts, is an electron collection plate, while the electrodes 2 are ion collection electrodes. These electrodes are generally carried by an insulating plate (not shown in this figure) and are electrically isolated from each other.
  • the pressure of the xenon inside the sealed chamber has a value which is a function of the energy of the X-ray to be detected (from 1 to 40 bars approximately); this gas can also be added to other gases intended to improve detection.
  • the electrodes 2 form converging bands in the direction of the source S.
  • FIG. 2 schematically represents a front view of the preceding multidetector.
  • This figure shows the plate 1 brought to a positive potential + HT as well as the electrodes 2 brought to a potential close to 0 volts; these electrodes are supported by an electrically insulating plate 4 and each of them is connected to an amplifier 5 which makes it possible to draw the current flowing in each of the electrodes; these currents are applied to a processing (not shown) and visualization system, which makes it possible to visualize the body or object 0 traversed by the X-rays emitted by the source S.
  • dotted lines vertical, field lines.
  • Xe + represents the positive xenon ions which go towards the electrodes 2 and by e - the electrons which go towards the plate 1; these ions and these electrons resulting from the ionization of xenon by X-rays from the object or organ 0.
  • the electrons are replaced by the negative ions, formed from additional gas.
  • the method of manufacturing this multidetector consists in carrying out the electrodes 2 as well as main connections between these electrodes and points outside the enclosure, making it possible to take the currents flowing respectively in these electrodes, on a main face of an electrically insulating plate 4. These connections are shown more fully in Figures 5 and 6. These main connections are electrically isolated from the enclosure and pass through them in leaktight manner, opposite the source.
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically and in perspective, another multidetector obtained according to the method of the invention.
  • This multidetector comprises a sealed metal chamber 6 for example containing at least one ionizable gas such as xenon for example this chamber is subdivided into two ionization chambers: a main ionization chamber 3 and a secondary ionization chamber 7.
  • the main ionization chamber 3 contains, like the multidetector of FIG. 1, a plate 1 brought to a first potential level (high positive voltage + HT) and a series of electrodes 2 brought to a second potential level (close to 0 volts).
  • the plate 1 and the electrodes 2 in the main ionization chamber 3 form a main multidetector assembly.
  • these electrodes are planar and are carried by an electrically insulating plate 4; the plate 1 and the electrodes 2 are located in a plane parallel to the plane of the X-ray beam from the object 0 (this beam being incompletely shown in the figure).
  • the electrodes 2 converge in the direction of the source S.
  • Each of the electrodes 2 of the main ionization chamber 3 is connected to an amplifier 5 which makes it possible to take samples. for treatment, the current flowing in each of these electrodes.
  • the secondary ionization chamber 7 is attached to the main chamber to compensate for the diffusion current coming from the X-rays scattered by the member 0.
  • the electrodes 2 of the main ionization 3 respectively provide a current I which is the sum of a part, of a measurement current I M proportional to the quantity of ions obtained by the ionization of the gas opposite each electrode of the chamber main ionization under the effect of the rays from the object, in directions corresponding to that of the incident rays 9, and of a diffusion current i D resulting from the ionization of the gas by the rays 8 diffused, in particular by l object, in directions other than that of the incident rays.
  • the secondary ionization chamber 7 contains, like the main ionization chamber, a plate 10 parallel to the plane of the incident X-ray beam, is brought to a third potential level (negative high voltage -HT), as well as a series of planar electrodes 11, parallel to the plane of the incident X-ray beam, and situated on another face of the insulating plate 4 which carries the electrodes 2 of the main ionization chamber 3.
  • the plate 10 and the electrodes 11 in the secondary chamber 7 form a secondary multidetector assembly.
  • the electrodes 11 are brought, like the electrodes 2 of the main ionization chamber, to a potential close to 0. They are respectively connected by connections 12, to the corresponding electrodes of the main ionization chamber 3.
  • the electrodes 11 of the secondary ionization chamber and the electrodes 2 of the main ionization chamber are, preferably identical and located opposite one another.
  • the secondary ionization chamber 7 makes it possible, as will be seen below in detail, to compensate, for the subsequent treatment of the currents originating from the amplifiers 5, the diffused currents which circulate in each electrode of the main ionization chamber and which originate X-rays scattered by the object or organ 0.
  • the electrodes 11 of the secondary ionization chamber 7 are electrodes for collecting electrons e - or negative ions, while the plate 10 is a plate for collecting the Xe + ions from the ionization of the xenon contained in the secondary chamber 7, by the X-rays scattered by the object or the organ 0.
  • the electrodes of the secondary ionization chamber are located opposite the electrodes of the main ionization chamber and the high positive and negative voltages have the same absolute value.
  • Reference 50 designates a diaphragm.
  • Figure 4 schematically shows a side view of the previous multidetector.
  • the source S the object or the organ 0
  • one of the rays 9 emitted by the source S and, at the output of the object 0, the direct ray 13 coming from the object 0 , in the same direction as the incident ray 9; we also distinguish in this figure 1! one of the scattered rays 8, coming from the object 0, in a direction different from the direction of the incident ray 9.
  • one of the electrodes 2 of the chamber d is shown.
  • main ionization which is connected to an amplifier 5 and which is brought to a potential close to 0, and one of the electrodes 11 of the secondary ionization chamber 7, which is located opposite the electrode 2 and which is separated from this electrode by the insulating plate 4.
  • connection 12 between the electrodes of the main and secondary ionization chambers has also been shown.
  • plates 1 and 10 of the main and secondary ionization chambers brought respectively to positive and negative potentials + HT and -HT.
  • the sealed chamber 6 which contains the ionizable gas has not been shown in detail; the insulating plates 42, 14 support the conductive plates 1, 10 of the main and secondary ionization chambers.
  • This ionization is represented diagrammatically in the figure by Xe + ions which are attracted by the electrodes 2, and by electrons e - or negative ions which are attracted by the positive plate 1.
  • An ionization thus occurs opposite each of the electrodes from the main ionization chamber using X-rays from the object, in the direction of the incident rays.
  • a current I which is the sum of a current I m resulting from the ionization of the gas opposite each of the electrodes, under the effect of X-rays from the object. (rays represented at 13 in the figure), in a direction corresponding to that of the incident rays, and of a diffusion current I D , which results from the ionization of the gas, opposite each of the electrodes, from the rays scattered by the object, in directions which do not correspond to those of the incident X-rays.
  • the method of manufacturing this multidetector consists, as for the multidetector of FIG. 3, in producing on a main face 16 of the electrically insulating plate 4, the electrodes 2 as well as the main connections 15 between these electrodes and the measurement points 19 outside the enclosure; these measurement points make it possible to take the currents flowing respectively in these electrodes; the main connections 15 are electrically isolated from the enclosure and pass through them in leaktight manner, opposite the source.
  • the method then consists in making at least the other secondary multidetector assembly, with a structure identical to that of the main multidetector assembly; the plate 10 of this secondary multidetector is brought, as indicated above, to a negative high voltage and the electrodes 11 are brought to a neighboring potential from 0.
  • the electrodes 11 of this secondary multidetector, as well as respective connections 17 between these electrodes 11 and secondary points 20, external to the enclosure, are produced on a secondary face 18 of the electrically insulating plate 4; this secondary face 18 is opposite to the main face 4; the secondary connections 17 are electrically isolated from the enclosure and pass through them in leaktight manner, opposite the source S; the method then consists in connecting the measurement point 19 and the secondary points 20 respectively.
  • the electrodes and connections are made in the form of conductive deposits on the insulating plate; preferably, these conductive deposits are metallized deposits etched on the insulating plate.
  • the conductive plates 1 and 7 are brought respectively to a positive voltage + HT and to a negative high voltage -HT, by making a connection between each of these plates and a high voltage source external to the enclosure; this connection is electrically isolated from the enclosure and crosses it in a sealed manner.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic side sectional view of a multicut multidetector, the operation of which is comparable to that of the multidetector of Figure 3; this multidetector is manufactured according to the method of the invention, by stacking a plurality of main and secondary multidetector assemblies as described in FIG. 3.
  • the multidetector of FIG. 5 is a stack of main and secondary multidetectors, as described in FIG. 3.
  • This stack Lement comprises a first main multidetector assembly comprising a flat conductive plate 1 intended to be brought to a positive high voltage + HT, electrically isolated from the enclosure, (the latter may be constituted for example by epoxy resin).
  • This flat conductive plate is parallel to the beam F 'of X-rays coming from the object or the organ to be analyzed (not shown in this figure).
  • This first multidetector assembly also includes a plurality of planar electrodes 2 parallel to the plate 1 and extending in the direction of the X-rays of the beam F '.
  • Electrodes are isolated from each other as will be seen below in detail, and are brought to a potential close to 0.
  • These electrodes as well as main connections 15 between these electrodes and measurement points 19 outside the enclosure making it possible to take the currents flowing respectively in these electrodes are produced on one face 16 of the electrically insulating plate 4.
  • These main connections 15 are electrically isolated from the enclosure and pass through the latter in leaktight manner, opposite the source which emits the beam F ′ of X-rays.
  • the enclosure containing an ionizable gas is here constituted by l insulating spacer 21, of epoxy resin for example, the hollow interior of which forms a chamber; this spacer makes it possible to separate the electrodes 2 and the plate 1 and the chamber can contain xenon for example.
  • the covers 33 and 34 are provided in aluminum alloy, but the plates 10 and 31 are identical to the plates 1, 15 and 10, 14 of FIG. 4.
  • the covers 33, 34 could possibly rest in a sealed manner on the plate 1 and on the insulating plate 4, to form with the electrodes 2, an elementary multidetector the front face of which would be provided with a sealed window 38.
  • At least one other secondary multidetector assembly is produced, with a structure identical to that of the main multidetector assembly which has just been described.
  • the plate 10 of this secondary multidetector is brought to a negative high voltage -HT, while the electrodes 11 of this multidetector, whose structure is identical to that of the electrodes 2 of the main multidetector, are brought to a potential close to 0.
  • the electrodes 11 as well as the respective connections 17 between these electrodes and secondary points external to the enclosure formed by the spacers 21, 22, are formed on the other face 18 of the electrically insulating plate 4.
  • the secondary connections 17 are electrically insulated of the enclosure, the latter consisting of epoxy resin for example; these connections pass through the enclosure formed by the spacers 21, 22 in a sealed manner, opposite to the source emitting the beam F ′ of X-rays.
  • the method then consists in connecting the main 15 and secondary 17 connections to the measurement points 19, for each of the electrodes, by a connector 40, shown schematically in the figure. If the hollow spacers 21, 22 are closed by covers 33, 34 pressing in leaktight manner on the plates 1 and 10, a multidetector with a structure comparable to that of FIG. 3 is obtained; this multidetector making it possible to compensate, thanks to the secondary assembly, as mentioned above, the diffusion current present in the current taken from each of the electrodes.
  • This other stack includes a main multidetector pal formed by the plate 1 brought to the high positive voltage and electrodes 23 of ion collections, brought to a potential close to 0, connected to measurement points 24, by main connections 25; the electrodes 23 and the main connections 25 are made, as before, on a face 26 of an electrically insulating plate 27.
  • the electrodes 23 and the plate 1 are separated by a hollow insulating spacer 28.
  • a secondary multidetector is formed on the other side of the insulating plate 27. This secondary multidetector comprises electrodes 29 brought to a potential close to 0.
  • This secondary multidetector assembly also includes a plate 31 brought to a negative high voltage -HT and separated from the electrodes 29 by an insulating spacer 32; the various spacers, electrodes and plates of this stack are made integral by covers 33, 34 and provided with fixing means 35; the covers, the spacers, the plates and connections, as well as the plates supporting your electrodes, are made integral so that the assembly forms a hollow hollow volume 36, containing xenon for example.
  • the different chambers formed in this hollow volume can be brought into communication by openings such as 37 made in the plates supporting the electrodes and in the plate 1 brought to high positive voltage + HT.
  • the electrodes 29 and the plate 31 of the secondary chamber of the second stack form a compensation chamber for the currents of diffusion which disturb the currents measured on the electrodes 23 of the main chamber of this second stack.
  • the connector 41 makes it possible to connect respectively to the measurement points 24 of the electrodes 23 and 29 of this second stack.
  • a watertight window 38 maintained by a flange 39, is arranged on the front face of the multidetector.
  • the detector shown in this figure comprises two stacks which make it possible to make two parallel sections of an organ or an object to be analyzed; this multidetector could comprise a single stack or more than two stacks. It is also obvious that each multidetector may not include the diffusion current compensation chamber; the invention relates in fact to the production of the electrodes and their connections with external points, these electrodes and these connections being produced in the form of conductive deposits on an insulating plate. These deposits are metallized and engraved on the insulating plate.
  • the invention also relates, and above all, to the manufacture of a multidetector by stacking such insulating plates equipped with conductive deposits and insulating spacers, this stack producing the insulating enclosure filled with detector gas.
  • Figure 6 is a top view of the detector of Figure 5, according to a section taken at the plate 4 for example.
  • the electrodes 2 directed in the direction of the rays of the beam F 'of X-rays and the main connections 15 between these electrodes and measurement points 19 outside the multidetector. It is also better to distinguish that the electrodes 2 and the connections 15 are made in the form of conductive deposits on the insulating plate 4. It is obvious that the electrodes 11, 23 and 29 are made in the same way.
  • the plates and electrodes of the main and secondary ionization chambers of each stack are preferably produced in the form of a copper deposit on an insulating support.
  • the number of cells in each chamber can be greater than 500, for an opening angle of the X-ray beam greater than 40 °; in this case, the pitch between each of the electrodes of each chamber is approximately 1 mm.
  • the insulating plate which supports the electrodes of the main and secondary chambers is located midway between the plates which are respectively brought to positive and negative potential. The distance between these plates is approximately 14 mm and the ion collection time is close to 10 ms.

Landscapes

  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
EP82400769A 1981-05-06 1982-04-28 Mehrelementenröntgendetektor Expired EP0064913B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8109000A FR2505492B1 (de) 1981-05-06 1981-05-06
FR8109000 1981-05-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0064913A2 true EP0064913A2 (de) 1982-11-17
EP0064913A3 EP0064913A3 (en) 1983-08-03
EP0064913B1 EP0064913B1 (de) 1986-04-02

Family

ID=9258127

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82400769A Expired EP0064913B1 (de) 1981-05-06 1982-04-28 Mehrelementenröntgendetektor

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4481420A (de)
EP (1) EP0064913B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS57187679A (de)
DE (1) DE3270211D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2505492B1 (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0063705A2 (de) * 1981-04-24 1982-11-03 General Electric Company Hochdruck-Hochresolution-Xenon-Röntgenstrahlendetektorsystem
FR2570908A1 (fr) * 1984-09-24 1986-03-28 Commissariat Energie Atomique Systeme de traitement des signaux electriques issus d'un detecteur de rayons x
FR2594960A1 (fr) * 1986-02-25 1987-08-28 Gen Electric Boitier de detecteur d'ionisation, son procede de fabrication, detecteur d'ionisation utilisant un tel boitier et procede pour ameliorer la reponse du signal de detecteur
GB2187328A (en) * 1986-02-27 1987-09-03 Gen Electric Ionization detector
GB2189932A (en) * 1983-12-27 1987-11-04 Gen Electric Ionization detector
FR2626379A1 (fr) * 1988-01-26 1989-07-28 Commissariat Energie Atomique Detecteur pour tomographie a rayons x

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59216075A (ja) * 1983-05-23 1984-12-06 Toshiba Corp 放射線検出器
FR2574989B1 (fr) * 1984-12-14 1987-01-09 Thomson Cgr Procede de fabrication d'un multidetecteur a chambres d'ionisation et multidetecteur obtenu par ce procede
NL8503153A (nl) * 1985-11-15 1987-06-01 Optische Ind De Oude Delft Nv Dosismeter voor ioniserende straling.
FR2591036A1 (fr) * 1985-12-04 1987-06-05 Balteau Dispositif de detection et de localisation de particules neutres, et applications
US4707607A (en) * 1986-03-14 1987-11-17 General Electric Company High resolution x-ray detector
US4719354A (en) * 1986-03-14 1988-01-12 General Electric Company High efficiency detector for energetic x-rays
DE3901837A1 (de) * 1989-01-23 1990-07-26 H J Dr Besch Bildgebender strahlendetektor mit pulsintegration
WO2018235319A1 (ja) * 2017-06-20 2018-12-27 株式会社島津製作所 線量計

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4047041A (en) * 1976-04-19 1977-09-06 General Electric Company X-ray detector array
FR2410289A1 (fr) * 1977-11-28 1979-06-22 Gen Electric Detecteur de rayonnement perfectionne a cellules multiples
EP0012065A1 (de) * 1978-11-28 1980-06-11 COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE Etablissement de Caractère Scientifique Technique et Industriel Strahlungsdetektor eines Tomographen

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR12065E (fr) * 1909-08-18 1910-07-05 Auguste Louis Cade Vetements périodiques à l'usage des femmes
FR2249517B1 (de) * 1973-10-30 1976-10-01 Thomson Csf
US4031396A (en) * 1975-02-28 1977-06-21 General Electric Company X-ray detector
FR2314699A1 (fr) * 1975-06-19 1977-01-14 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif d'analyse pour tomographie a rayons x par transmission
JPS5848874B2 (ja) * 1976-09-25 1983-10-31 株式会社日立メディコ Ｘ線検出装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4047041A (en) * 1976-04-19 1977-09-06 General Electric Company X-ray detector array
FR2410289A1 (fr) * 1977-11-28 1979-06-22 Gen Electric Detecteur de rayonnement perfectionne a cellules multiples
EP0012065A1 (de) * 1978-11-28 1980-06-11 COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE Etablissement de Caractère Scientifique Technique et Industriel Strahlungsdetektor eines Tomographen

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0063705A2 (de) * 1981-04-24 1982-11-03 General Electric Company Hochdruck-Hochresolution-Xenon-Röntgenstrahlendetektorsystem
EP0063705A3 (de) * 1981-04-24 1985-01-30 General Electric Company Hochdruck-Hochresolution-Xenon-Röntgenstrahlendetektorsystem
GB2189932A (en) * 1983-12-27 1987-11-04 Gen Electric Ionization detector
FR2570908A1 (fr) * 1984-09-24 1986-03-28 Commissariat Energie Atomique Systeme de traitement des signaux electriques issus d'un detecteur de rayons x
FR2594960A1 (fr) * 1986-02-25 1987-08-28 Gen Electric Boitier de detecteur d'ionisation, son procede de fabrication, detecteur d'ionisation utilisant un tel boitier et procede pour ameliorer la reponse du signal de detecteur
GB2187328A (en) * 1986-02-27 1987-09-03 Gen Electric Ionization detector
GB2187328B (en) * 1986-02-27 1990-07-18 Gen Electric Ionization detector
FR2626379A1 (fr) * 1988-01-26 1989-07-28 Commissariat Energie Atomique Detecteur pour tomographie a rayons x
EP0326479A1 (de) * 1988-01-26 1989-08-02 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Röntgenstrahlungsdetektor für Tomographie
US4912736A (en) * 1988-01-26 1990-03-27 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique X-ray tomographic detector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4481420A (en) 1984-11-06
EP0064913A3 (en) 1983-08-03
EP0064913B1 (de) 1986-04-02
FR2505492B1 (de) 1985-11-08
DE3270211D1 (en) 1986-05-07
JPS57187679A (en) 1982-11-18
FR2505492A1 (de) 1982-11-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0742954B1 (de) Detektor für ionisierende strahlung mit mikro-proportionalzählrohren
EP0678896B1 (de) Medizinischer Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung mittels ionisierender Röntgen- oder Gamma Strahlungen niedriger Dosis
EP0064913B1 (de) Mehrelementenröntgendetektor
EP0855086B1 (de) Lage empfindlicher hochanflösungs detektor für hohe flüsse ionisierender teilchen
EP0810631B1 (de) Hochauflösende radiografische Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung
CA2184963C (en) Charged-particle detectors and mass spectrometers employing the same
EP0228933B1 (de) Vorrichtung zur Wahrnehmung und Lokalisierung von neutralen Partikeln und deren Anwendung
EP0063082B1 (de) Röntgenstrahlungsdetektor
EP0063083B1 (de) Röntgenstrahlungsdetektor
EP0730291B1 (de) Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung medizinischer Bilder mittels ionisierender Röntgen- oder niederdosis Gammastrahlen
FR2951580A1 (fr) Dispositif d'imagerie radiographique et detecteur pour un dispositif d'imagerie radiographique
EP0046125B1 (de) Strahlungsdetektor
WO1998014981A1 (fr) Detecteur a gaz de rayonnements ionisants a tres grand taux de comptage
FR2639436A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif de localisation de particules neutres, a haute resolution
EP0326479B1 (de) Röntgenstrahlungsdetektor für Tomographie
JP3375361B2 (ja) Ｘ線検出器
EP1320119A1 (de) Ionisierenden Strahlendetektor und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
EP0441853B1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bidimensionalen lokalisierung nichtgeladener partikel, insbesondere bei geringer zählrate
FR2570908A1 (fr) Systeme de traitement des signaux electriques issus d'un detecteur de rayons x
FR2602058A1 (fr) Detecteur a gaz utilisant une anode a microbandes
FR2713348A1 (fr) Dispositif de détection de rayons X de faible énergie.
JPS598775B2 (ja) 活性ガス分圧測定装置
JPH02184800A (ja) Ｘ線撮像装置およびそれを用いたｘ線顕微鏡

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): DE GB NL

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19830308

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): DE GB NL

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE GB NL

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3270211

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19860507

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19920401

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19920423

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19920430

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19930428

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19931101

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19930428

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19940101