EP0062856B1 - Control device for a gas-heated boiler of a warm-water heating installation - Google Patents

Control device for a gas-heated boiler of a warm-water heating installation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0062856B1
EP0062856B1 EP82102804A EP82102804A EP0062856B1 EP 0062856 B1 EP0062856 B1 EP 0062856B1 EP 82102804 A EP82102804 A EP 82102804A EP 82102804 A EP82102804 A EP 82102804A EP 0062856 B1 EP0062856 B1 EP 0062856B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
control
regulator
air
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82102804A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0062856A1 (en
Inventor
Hendrikus Berkhof
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Honeywell BV
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Honeywell BV
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/025Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using electrical or electromechanical means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00Measuring
    • F23N2225/08Measuring temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06Ventilators at the air intake
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/12Fuel valves
    • F23N2235/14Fuel valves electromagnetically operated
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/12Fuel valves
    • F23N2235/16Fuel valves variable flow or proportional valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/12Fuel valves
    • F23N2235/18Groups of two or more valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/12Fuel valves
    • F23N2235/20Membrane valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/12Fuel valves
    • F23N2235/24Valve details
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F23N5/006Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control device according to the preamble of claim 1, as is known for example from FR-A-2 337 316. It is an atmospheric gas burner that takes the air required for combustion from the surroundings of the burner without a fan.
  • a control device for gas-fired water or air heaters in which a servo pressure controller controlled by a temperature sensor is provided for the simultaneous control of gas supply and combustion air supply to the burner on the one hand acts on the diaphragm drive of a gas control valve and on the other hand acts on an actuator influencing the combustion air supply.
  • Gas is fed to the burner via an injector nozzle, which also draws in primary air.
  • a second injector nozzle is arranged in front of a secondary air inlet of the burner housing and is fed by a controllable compressed air source in the form of a fan with a downstream air control valve.
  • Hot water collective heating systems are often operated with a flow temperature that is controlled depending on the outside temperature, while the heat supply to the individual rooms is regulated by radiator valves provided there, which can be adjusted manually or by means of a thermostat, depending on the heat demand in the room concerned.
  • a temperature controller for collective heating systems which controls a control valve located in the supply or return line and is connected on the input side to two temperature sensors, one of which is the temperature in the supply line and the other the temperature in the return line measures.
  • the controller is designed so that a specified temperature difference is maintained between the flow and return.
  • DE-A-2 747 969 shows a control device of this type for a heating system with mixing control, in which the control device acts on a mixing valve in order to maintain a predetermined temperature difference between flow and return.
  • a thermostatic radiator valve provided there opens a larger flow cross-section and thus increases the amount of water flowing through. As a result, the heating water flows through the radiator faster, cooling less and the return temperature therefore increases. In order to maintain a predetermined temperature difference, more hot water is consequently supplied by the mixing valve and the flow temperature is increased.
  • the demand-based control takes place on the water side with the aid of a flow or admixing valve, while the burner and thus the temperature of the hot water are controlled at most depending on the outside temperature, but not on the actual heat demand in the rooms.
  • the object of the invention is to ensure optimal control of the burner in a control device of the type mentioned at the outset, that is to say with heat-dependent control of the burner, with combustion that is as low-pollutant as possible, even with fluctuating heat requirements.
  • This object is achieved by the invention characterized in claim 1. While the temperature difference between the flow and return of the heating water to the consumer and thus the heat demand of the consumer is decisive for the fuel supply, the control of the combustion air supply, depending on the carbon dioxide or oxygen content of the exhaust gases, ensures that the amount of air supplied to the burner is just at an optimal level Combustion with a small excess of air is sufficient.
  • the fuel is therefore used in the best possible way
  • the exhaust gases contain the least possible amount of unburned fuel
  • the adaptation of the combustion air supply also takes into account any pressure fluctuations in the combustion air supply line. This can be caused by fluctuations in the speed of the fan or contamination in the supply channels.
  • the fluctuations in the pressure difference between the inlet pressure and the ambient pressure which are decisive for the draft in the chimney, are also compensated for by changing the atmospheric pressure at the chimney.
  • the invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. It shows a hot water heating system in which the temperature difference controls the gas supply, while the amount of combustion air required for complete combustion is determined as a function of the oxygen or carbon dioxide concentration of the flue gas and continuously adjusted to the amount of gas via an air volume actuator.
  • the gas control device controlling the gas supply has the structure known from the company publication D3H-29 HO-NEYWELL COMPACT VALVES V4600 / 8600, the provided, manually adjustable servo pressure regulator by means of a servo pressure regulator according to the older EP-A, which can be adjusted in terms of its setpoint by means of an electromagnetic drive -39,000 is replaced.
  • a safety valve 4 and a main gas valve 5 are connected in series between inlet 2 and outlet 3.
  • the safety valve 4 with switch-on pushbutton 6 and restart lock 7 is irrelevant to the mode of operation of the invention and is therefore not discussed in detail.
  • the closing body 5 of the main gas valve is biased in the closing direction by a closing spring 8 and can be actuated by a diaphragm 9 by the servo control pressure in the chamber 10 against the force of this closing spring 8 from the valve seat 11 can be lifted off.
  • the control pressure for the chamber 10 is supplied via the channel 12 by a first servo pressure regulator 13, the setpoint of which can be adjusted with the aid of an electromagnetic drive 14.
  • a room to be heated by the hot water heating system there is the room thermostat 15, the contact of which closes as soon as the room temperature measured by its temperature sensor falls below the set value set on the room thermostat 15.
  • the switch-on solenoid valve 16 of the gas control device 1 When this contact closes, the switch-on solenoid valve 16 of the gas control device 1 is energized, so that on the one hand it allows the inlet gas pressure to enter the chamber 19 via the line 17 and a throttle point 18 and on the other hand with its closing body 20 the connection of this chamber to the channel 21 and locks it with outlet 3. Consequently, a control pressure builds up in the chamber 19 which is dependent on the position of the throttle body 22 of the pressure regulator and which reaches the control chamber 10 of the diaphragm drive for the main gas valve 5, 11 via the channel 12 and lifts the closing body 5 from the seat 11. Gas thus flows via line 23 to injector nozzle 24, which faces gas inlet 25 of burner 26. At the same time, the gas stream sucks in primary air and also feeds it to the burner 26.
  • the pilot burner 28 is connected to the gas control valve 1 via an ignition line 27. Its flame heats the thermocouple 29, which holds the safety valve 4 open via the magnet insert 30.
  • a second injector nozzle 31 which faces a secondary air inlet 32 of the boiler 33.
  • the secondary air inlet 32 opens into an air distributor pipe 35 provided with air outlet holes 34.
  • the second injector nozzle 31 is connected via a line 36 to the outlet 37 of an air control valve 38, the inlet 39 of which is connected to a compressed air source in the form of a fan 40.
  • the closing body 41 of the air control valve 38 is prestressed in the closing direction by a spring 42 and can be lifted off the seat 44 by a membrane 43 as soon as the pressure in the drive chamber 45 exerts forces on the membrane 43 by the closing spring 42 and the pressure in the outlet 37 exceeds.
  • the burner 26 heats a heat exchanger 51, which is connected to the radiators 53 via a circulation pump 52.
  • the exhaust gases leave the boiler 33 through the flue gas exhaust 54, which passes into the chimney 56 via a draft interrupter 55.
  • gas inlet 25 secondary air inlet 32 and flue gas outlet 54
  • the housing 57 of the boiler 33 is closed on all sides.
  • An air outlet nozzle 58 projects into the chimney 56 and is connected via a line 59 to the outlet 37 of the air control valve. With the help of this air outlet nozzle 58, an artificial draft is generated in the chimney 56.
  • the auxiliary air flow from the nozzle 58 can be adapted to the secondary air flow by means of a throttle 60.
  • a temperature sensor 63 is provided in the heating water supply line 62 from the heat exchanger 51 to the radiators 53 and a second temperature sensor 65 is provided in the return line 64.
  • the outputs of both temperature sensors are connected to a first guide controller 66, which is connected on the output side to the magnetic drive 14 of the servo pressure controller 13.
  • the solenoid 16 switches on and with it the servo pressure regulator 13. This opens the main gas valve 5, 11, so that the main burner 26 ignites and that Heat exchanger 51 flowing through heating water is heated. If the room to be heated is relatively cold, the water cools down considerably and the temperature sensors 63 and 65 report a large temperature difference to the controller 66. If this temperature difference is greater than a predetermined target value, the magnetic drive 14 adjusts the servo pressure regulator 13 in the direction of a higher control pressure, so that the main gas valve 5, 11 is opened even further. However, if the temperature difference drops, the gas supply is reduced in the same way.
  • the amount of gas supplied to the burner 26 is modulated as a function of the heat requirement. If the room temperature reaches the setpoint specified on the room thermostat 15, this interrupts the circuit of the closing solenoid valve. As a result, the servo pressure regulator 13 no longer delivers control pressure into the diaphragm chamber 10 of the diaphragm drive for the main gas valve 5, 11, so that it closes under the influence of its closing spring 8. While the room thermostat 15 indicates by actuating its contact whether heat should be supplied to the room, the heating water consumer 53 itself serves as a measuring section for determining the amount of heat required. The greater the heat requirement, the more the temperature difference between flow 62 and return 64 increases. Accordingly, the setpoint of the servo pressure controller 13 is adjusted via the guide controller 66 and the magnetic drive 14 and thus the gas throughput to the burner is controlled.
  • the servo pressure regulator 13 acts directly only on the gas control valve and thus on the gas supply to the burner 26. At the same time, however, the amount of primary air drawn in via the injector nozzle 24 is changed in the same direction.
  • an oxygen or carbon dioxide sensor 70 is provided, the output signal of which is fed to a second guide controller 71.
  • the controller 71 supplies an output signal to the magnetic drive 72 of a second servo pressure controller 73 placed on the air control valve 38, whereby the target value of this pressure controller increases and, at the same time, the air control valve 41, 44 opens further becomes. As a result, more secondary air flows to the air distributor pipe 35, so that the excess air which is appropriate for the sensor 70 increases. If the excess air is too high, conversely, the amount of secondary air supplied via the air control valve 38 is throttled.
  • thermomechanical controller can also be used, as described for example in DE-C 1 961 806 or DE-A 2 747 969.
  • the two temperature sensors 63 and 65 are shown as expansion sensors, which act hydraulically on an actuator via capillary tubes. This then directly mechanically adjusts the setpoint of the servo pressure regulator 13.
  • the controllers 66 and 71 can be combined to form a common controller, possibly a digital controller using a microprocessor. Instead of the excess of oxygen, a measurement of the CO 2 content of the flue gases can also be used to control the amount of secondary air.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Regeleinrichtung gemäss Gattungsbegriff des Anspruchs 1, wie sie beispielsweise aus FR-A-2 337 316 bekannt ist. Es handelt sich dort um einen atmosphärischen Gasbrenner, welcher die zur Verbrennung erforderliche Luft der Umgebung des Brenners ohne Gebläse entnimmt.The invention relates to a control device according to the preamble of claim 1, as is known for example from FR-A-2 337 316. It is an atmospheric gas burner that takes the air required for combustion from the surroundings of the burner without a fan.

In der prioritätsälteren EP-A-0 036 613 (veröffentlicht am 30.9.81) ist eine Regeleinrichtung für gasbefeuerte Wasser- oder Lufterhitzer beschrieben, in welcher für die gleichzeitige Regelung von Gaszufuhr und Verbrennungsluftzufuhr zum Brenner ein von einem Temperaturfühler gesteuerter Servodruckregler vorgesehen ist, der einerseits den Membranantrieb eines Gasregelventils und andererseits ein die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr beeinflussendes Stellglied beaufschlagt. Gas wird dem Brenner über eine Injektordüse zugeführt, welche zugleich Primärluft ansaugt. Um die zur Erzielung einer optimalen Verbrennung erforderliche Sekundärluft dem Brenner zuzuführen, ist eine zweite Injektordüse vor einem Sekundärlufteinlass des Brennergehäuses angeordnet und wird von einer regelbaren Druckluftquelle in Form eines Gebläses mit nachgeschaltetem Luftregelventil gespeist.In the priority EP-A-0 036 613 (published on September 30, 1981) a control device for gas-fired water or air heaters is described, in which a servo pressure controller controlled by a temperature sensor is provided for the simultaneous control of gas supply and combustion air supply to the burner on the one hand acts on the diaphragm drive of a gas control valve and on the other hand acts on an actuator influencing the combustion air supply. Gas is fed to the burner via an injector nozzle, which also draws in primary air. In order to supply the secondary air required to achieve optimal combustion to the burner, a second injector nozzle is arranged in front of a secondary air inlet of the burner housing and is fed by a controllable compressed air source in the form of a fan with a downstream air control valve.

Warmwasser-Sammelheizungsanlagen werden vielfach mit einer von der Aussentemperatur abhängig gesteuerten Vorlauftemperatur betrieben, während die Wärmezufuhr zu den einzelnen Räumen durch dort vorgesehene, von Hand oder mittels eines Thermostaten verstellbare Radiatorventile in Abhängigkeit vom Wärmebedarf im betreffenden Raum geregelt wird. So ist aus DE-C-1 961 806 ein Temperaturregler für Sammelheizungsanlagen bekannt, der ein in der Vor- oder Rücklaufleitung liegendes Stellventil steuert und eingangsseitig an zwei Temperaturfühler angeschlossen ist, von denen der eine die Temperatur in der Vorlaufleitung und der andere die Temperatur in der Rücklaufleitung misst. Der Regler ist so ausgebildet, dass zwischen Vor- und Rücklauf eine vorgegebene Temperaturdifferenz eingehalten wird. Weiterhin zeigt die DE-A-2 747 969 eine Regelvorrichtung dieser Art für eine Heizungsanlage mit Beimischregelung, in welcher die Regelvorrichtung zwecks Aufrechterhaltung einer vorgegebenen Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Vorlauf und Rücklauf auf ein Mischventil einwirkt. Wird im zu beheizenden Raum mehr Wärme benötigt, so öffnet ein dort vorgesehenes thermostatisches Heizkörperventil einen grösseren Durchflussquerschnitt und erhöht damit die durchfliessende Wassermenge. Dies hat zur Folge, dass das Heizwasser schneller durch den Heizkörper fliesst, dabei sich weniger abkühlt und somit die Rücklauftemperatur ansteigt. Um eine vorgegebene Temperaturdifferenz einzuhalten, wird folglich vom Mischventil mehr Heisswasser zugeführt und damit die Vorlauftemperatur erhöht. Bei diesen beiden bekannten Warmwasserheizungsanlagen erfolgt somit die bedarfsabhängige Regelung wasserseitig mit Hilfe eines Vorlauf- oder Beimischventils, während der Brenner und damit die Temperatur des Heisswassers allenfalls in Abhängigkeit von der Aussentemperatur, nicht aber vom eigentlichen Wärmebedarf in den Räumen gesteuert wird.Hot water collective heating systems are often operated with a flow temperature that is controlled depending on the outside temperature, while the heat supply to the individual rooms is regulated by radiator valves provided there, which can be adjusted manually or by means of a thermostat, depending on the heat demand in the room concerned. From DE-C-1 961 806 a temperature controller for collective heating systems is known, which controls a control valve located in the supply or return line and is connected on the input side to two temperature sensors, one of which is the temperature in the supply line and the other the temperature in the return line measures. The controller is designed so that a specified temperature difference is maintained between the flow and return. Furthermore, DE-A-2 747 969 shows a control device of this type for a heating system with mixing control, in which the control device acts on a mixing valve in order to maintain a predetermined temperature difference between flow and return. If more heat is required in the room to be heated, a thermostatic radiator valve provided there opens a larger flow cross-section and thus increases the amount of water flowing through. As a result, the heating water flows through the radiator faster, cooling less and the return temperature therefore increases. In order to maintain a predetermined temperature difference, more hot water is consequently supplied by the mixing valve and the flow temperature is increased. In these two known hot water heating systems, the demand-based control takes place on the water side with the aid of a flow or admixing valve, while the burner and thus the temperature of the hot water are controlled at most depending on the outside temperature, but not on the actual heat demand in the rooms.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, bei einer Regeleinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art, also mit wärmebedarfsabhängiger Steuerung des Brenners, eine optimale und mit möglichst schadstoffarmen Abgasen arbeitende Verbrennung auch bei schwankendem Wärmebedarf zu gewährleisten. Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die im Anspruch 1 gekennzeichnete Erfindung. Während für die Brennstoffzufuhr die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Vorlauf und Rücklauf des Heizwassers zum Verbraucher und damit der Wärmebedarf des Verbrauchers massgebend ist, sorgt die Steuerung der Verbrennungsluftzufuhr in Abhängigkeit vom Kohlendioxyd- oder Sauerstoffgehalt der Abgase dafür, dass die dem Brenner zugeführte Luftmenge jeweils gerade zu einer optimalen Verbrennung mit geringem Luftüberschuss ausreicht. Der Brennstoff wird also bestmöglich ausgenutzt, die Abgase enthalten eine geringstmögliche Menge unverbrannter Brennstoffanteile, und die Anpassung der Verbrennungsluftzufuhr berücksichtigt zugleich etwaige Druckschwankungen in der Verbrennungsluftzufuhrleitung. Diese können durch Drehzahlschwankungen des Gebläses oder Verschmutzungen in den Zufuhrkanälen bedingt sein. Ausgeregelt werden auch durch Änderung des atmosphärischen Drucks am Schornstein bedingte Schwankungen der für den Zug im Schornstein massgebenden Druckdifferenz zwischen Eingangsdruck und Umgebungsdruck. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The object of the invention is to ensure optimal control of the burner in a control device of the type mentioned at the outset, that is to say with heat-dependent control of the burner, with combustion that is as low-pollutant as possible, even with fluctuating heat requirements. This object is achieved by the invention characterized in claim 1. While the temperature difference between the flow and return of the heating water to the consumer and thus the heat demand of the consumer is decisive for the fuel supply, the control of the combustion air supply, depending on the carbon dioxide or oxygen content of the exhaust gases, ensures that the amount of air supplied to the burner is just at an optimal level Combustion with a small excess of air is sufficient. The fuel is therefore used in the best possible way, the exhaust gases contain the least possible amount of unburned fuel, and the adaptation of the combustion air supply also takes into account any pressure fluctuations in the combustion air supply line. This can be caused by fluctuations in the speed of the fan or contamination in the supply channels. The fluctuations in the pressure difference between the inlet pressure and the ambient pressure, which are decisive for the draft in the chimney, are also compensated for by changing the atmospheric pressure at the chimney. Advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung wiedergegebenen Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert. Es zeigt eine Warmwasserheizungsanlage, bei der die Temperaturdifferenz die Gaszufuhr steuert, während die zur vollständigen Verbrennung erforderliche Verbrennungsluftmenge in Abhängigkeit von der Sauerstoff- oder Kohlendioxydkonzentration des Rauchgases ermittelt und über ein Luftmengenstellglied der Gasmenge fortlaufend angepasst wird.The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. It shows a hot water heating system in which the temperature difference controls the gas supply, while the amount of combustion air required for complete combustion is determined as a function of the oxygen or carbon dioxide concentration of the flue gas and continuously adjusted to the amount of gas via an air volume actuator.

Das die Gaszufuhr steuerende Gasregelgerät hat den aus der Firmendruckschrift D3H-29 HO-NEYWELL KOMPAKT-VENTILE V4600/8600 bekannten Aufbau, wobei der dort vorgesehene, von Hand einstellbare Servodruckregler durch einen mittels einen Elektromagnetantrieb hinsichtlich seines Sollwerts einstellbaren Servodruckregler gemäss der älteren EP-A-39 000 ersetzt ist. Im Gasregelgerät 1 sind zwischen Einlass 2 und Auslass 3 ein Sicherheitsventil 4 und ein Hauptgasventil 5 in Reihe geschaltet. Das Sicherheitsventil 4 mit Einschaltdrucktaste 6 und Wiedereinschaltsperre 7 ist für die Wirkungsweise der Erfindung ohne Belang und wird folglich nicht im einzelnen erörtert. Der Schliesskörper 5 des Hauptgasventils ist durch eine Schliessfeder 8 in Schliessrichtung vorgespannt und kann über eine Membran 9 durch den Servosteuerdruck in der Kammer 10 gegen die Kraft dieser Schliessfeder 8 vom Ventilsitz 11 abgehoben werden. Den Steuerdruck für die Kammer 10 liefert über den Kanal 12 ein erster Servodruckregler 13, dessen Sollwert mit Hilfe eines Elektromagnetantriebs 14 verstellbar ist. In einem durch die Warmwasserheizungsanlage zu beheizenden Raum befindet sich der Raumthermostat 15, dessen Kontakt schliesst, sobald die von seinem Temperaturfühler gemessene Raumtemperatur den am Raumthermostaten 15 eingestellten Sollwert unterschreitet. Mit dem Schliessen dieses Kontakts wird das Einschaltmagnetventil 16 des Gasregelgeräts 1 an Spannung gelegt, so dass es einerseits den Eingangsgasdruck über die Leitung 17 und eine Drosselstelle 18 in die Kammer 19 gelangen lässt und andererseits mit seinem Schliesskörper 20 die Verbindung dieser Kammer mit dem Kanal 21 und über diesen mit dem Auslass 3 sperrt. Folglich baut sich in der Kammer 19 ein von der Stellung des Drosselkörpers 22 des Druckreglers abhängiger Steuerdruck auf, der über den Kanal 12 in die Steuerkammer 10 des Membranantriebs für das Hauptgasventil 5, 11 gelangt und den Schliesskörper 5 vom Sitz 11 abhebt. Damit strömt Gas über die Leitung 23 zur Injektordüse 24, welche dem Gaseinlass 25 des Brenners 26 gegenübersteht. Der Gasstrom saugt zugleich Primärluft an und führt sie ebenfalls dem Brenner 26 zu. Über eine Zündleitung 27 ist der Zündbrenner 28 an das Gasregelventil 1 angeschlossen. Seine Flamme erwärmt das Thermoelement 29, welches über den Magneteinsatz 30 das Sicherheitsventil 4 offenhält.The gas control device controlling the gas supply has the structure known from the company publication D3H-29 HO-NEYWELL COMPACT VALVES V4600 / 8600, the provided, manually adjustable servo pressure regulator by means of a servo pressure regulator according to the older EP-A, which can be adjusted in terms of its setpoint by means of an electromagnetic drive -39,000 is replaced. In the gas control device 1, a safety valve 4 and a main gas valve 5 are connected in series between inlet 2 and outlet 3. The safety valve 4 with switch-on pushbutton 6 and restart lock 7 is irrelevant to the mode of operation of the invention and is therefore not discussed in detail. The closing body 5 of the main gas valve is biased in the closing direction by a closing spring 8 and can be actuated by a diaphragm 9 by the servo control pressure in the chamber 10 against the force of this closing spring 8 from the valve seat 11 can be lifted off. The control pressure for the chamber 10 is supplied via the channel 12 by a first servo pressure regulator 13, the setpoint of which can be adjusted with the aid of an electromagnetic drive 14. In a room to be heated by the hot water heating system there is the room thermostat 15, the contact of which closes as soon as the room temperature measured by its temperature sensor falls below the set value set on the room thermostat 15. When this contact closes, the switch-on solenoid valve 16 of the gas control device 1 is energized, so that on the one hand it allows the inlet gas pressure to enter the chamber 19 via the line 17 and a throttle point 18 and on the other hand with its closing body 20 the connection of this chamber to the channel 21 and locks it with outlet 3. Consequently, a control pressure builds up in the chamber 19 which is dependent on the position of the throttle body 22 of the pressure regulator and which reaches the control chamber 10 of the diaphragm drive for the main gas valve 5, 11 via the channel 12 and lifts the closing body 5 from the seat 11. Gas thus flows via line 23 to injector nozzle 24, which faces gas inlet 25 of burner 26. At the same time, the gas stream sucks in primary air and also feeds it to the burner 26. The pilot burner 28 is connected to the gas control valve 1 via an ignition line 27. Its flame heats the thermocouple 29, which holds the safety valve 4 open via the magnet insert 30.

Da die vom Gasstrom durch die Injektordüse 24 angesaugte Primärluft für eine vollständige Verbrennung des Gases nicht ausreicht, ist eine zweite Injektordüse 31 vorgesehen, welche einem Sekundärlufteinlass 32 des Boilers 33 gegenübersteht. Der Sekundärlufteinlass 32 mündet in ein mit Luftaustrittslöchern 34 versehenes Luftverteilerrohr 35. Die zweite Injektordüse 31 steht über eine Leitung 36 mit dem Ausgang 37 eines Luftregelventils 38 in Verbindung, dessen Eingang 39 an eine Druckluftquelle in Form eines Gebläses 40 angeschlossen ist. Der Schliesskörper 41 des Luftregelventils 38 ist durch eine Feder 42 in Schliessrichtung vorgespannt und kann von einer Membran 43 vom Sitz 44 abgehoben werden, sobald der Druck in der Antriebskammer 45 die von der Schliessfeder 42 und vom Druck im Ausgang 37 ausgeübten Kräfte auf die Membran 43 übersteigt.Since the primary air sucked in by the gas flow through the injector nozzle 24 is not sufficient for a complete combustion of the gas, a second injector nozzle 31 is provided which faces a secondary air inlet 32 of the boiler 33. The secondary air inlet 32 opens into an air distributor pipe 35 provided with air outlet holes 34. The second injector nozzle 31 is connected via a line 36 to the outlet 37 of an air control valve 38, the inlet 39 of which is connected to a compressed air source in the form of a fan 40. The closing body 41 of the air control valve 38 is prestressed in the closing direction by a spring 42 and can be lifted off the seat 44 by a membrane 43 as soon as the pressure in the drive chamber 45 exerts forces on the membrane 43 by the closing spring 42 and the pressure in the outlet 37 exceeds.

Der Brenner 26 beheizt einen Wärmetauscher 51, der über eine Umwälzpumpe 52 an die Heizkörper 53 angeschlossen ist. Die Abgase verlassen den Boiler 33 durch den Rauchgasabzug 54, der über einen Zugunterbrecher 55 in den Schornstein 56 übergeht. Mit Ausnahme von Gaseinlass 25, Sekundärlufteinlass 32 und Rauchgasabzug 54 ist das Gehäuse 57 des Boilers 33 allseitig geschlossen. In den Schornstein 56 ragt eine Luftaustrittsdüse 58 hinein, welche über eine Leitung 59 an den Auslass 37 des Luftregelventils angeschlossen ist. Mit Hilfe dieser Luftaustrittsdüse 58 wird ein künstlicher Zug im Schornstein 56 erzeugt. Mittels einer Drossel 60 kann der Hilfsluftstrom aus der Düse 58 dem Sekundärluftstrom angepasst werden. Bei hohen Schornsteinen empfiehlt es sich vielfach, die Leitung 59 nicht an den Auslass 37, sondern über die Leitung 59' an den Einlass 39 des Luftregelventils 38, d.h. unmittelbar an das Gebläse 40 anzuschliessen. Um eine Kondensation der Abgase im Schornstein 56 infolge Rauchgasabkühlung zu vermeiden, kann es ratsam sein, die den künstlichen Zug erzeugende Luft vorzuwärmen. Dies ist in der Zeichnung dadurch gestrichelt angedeutet, dass die Zuleitung zur Düse 58 im Bereich 59" teilweise im Inneren des Boilers 33 entlanggeführt ist.The burner 26 heats a heat exchanger 51, which is connected to the radiators 53 via a circulation pump 52. The exhaust gases leave the boiler 33 through the flue gas exhaust 54, which passes into the chimney 56 via a draft interrupter 55. With the exception of gas inlet 25, secondary air inlet 32 and flue gas outlet 54, the housing 57 of the boiler 33 is closed on all sides. An air outlet nozzle 58 projects into the chimney 56 and is connected via a line 59 to the outlet 37 of the air control valve. With the help of this air outlet nozzle 58, an artificial draft is generated in the chimney 56. The auxiliary air flow from the nozzle 58 can be adapted to the secondary air flow by means of a throttle 60. In the case of high chimneys, it is often advisable not to line 59 to outlet 37, but via line 59 'to inlet 39 of air control valve 38, i.e. connect directly to the blower 40. In order to avoid condensation of the exhaust gases in the chimney 56 as a result of flue gas cooling, it may be advisable to preheat the air producing the artificial draft. This is indicated in dashed lines in the drawing by the fact that the feed line to the nozzle 58 in the region 59 ″ is partially guided inside the boiler 33.

In der Heizwasservorlaufleitung 62 vom Wärmetauscher 51 zu den Heizkörpern 53 ist ein Temperaturfühler 63 und in der Rücklaufleitung 64 ein zweiter Temperaturfühler 65 vorgesehen. Die Ausgänge beider Temperaturfühler sind an einen ersten Führungsregler 66 angeschlossen, der ausgangsseitig mit dem Magnetantrieb 14 des Servodruckreglers 13 in Verbindung steht.A temperature sensor 63 is provided in the heating water supply line 62 from the heat exchanger 51 to the radiators 53 and a second temperature sensor 65 is provided in the return line 64. The outputs of both temperature sensors are connected to a first guide controller 66, which is connected on the output side to the magnetic drive 14 of the servo pressure controller 13.

Sobald die Temperatur in dem zu beheizenden Raum unter den Sollwert des Raumthermostaten 15 absinkt, schliesst dieser seinen Kontakt, schaltet das Einschaltmagnetventil 16 ein unt mit ihm den Servodruckregler 13. Dieser öffnet das Hauptgasventil 5, 11, so dass der Hauptbrenner 26 zündet und das den Wärmetauscher 51 durchfliessende Heizwasser erwärmt. Ist der zu beheizende Raum relativ kalt, so kühlt sich das Wasser stark ab und die Temperaturfühler 63 und 65 melden eine starke Temperaturdifferenz an den Regfer66. Ist diese Temperaturdifferenz grösser als ein vorgegebener Sollwert, so verstellt der Magnetantrieb 14 den Servodruckregler 13 in Richtung auf einen höheren Steuerdruck, so dass das Hauptgasventil 5, 11 noch weiter geöffnet wird. Sinkt hingegen die Temperaturdifferenz, so wird die Gaszufuhr auf dem gleichen Wege gedrosselt. Auf diese Weise wird die dem Brenner 26 zugeführte Gasmenge in Abhängigkeit vom Wärmebedarf moduliert. Erreicht die Raumtemperatur den am Raumthermostaten 15 vorgegebenen Sollwert, so unterbricht dieser den Stromkreis des Einschaltmagnetventils. Dadurch liefert der Servodruckregler 13 keinen Steuerdruck mehr in die Membrankammer 10 des Membranantriebs für das Hauptgasventil 5, 11, so dass dieses unter dem Einfluss seiner Schliessfeder 8 schliesst. Während der Raumthermostat 15 durch Betätigen seines Kontakts anzeigt, ob dem Raum Wärme zugeführt werden soll, dient der Heizwasserverbraucher 53 selbst als Messstrecke zur Ermittlung des Betrages der erforderlichen Wärmezufuhr. Je grösser der Wärmebedarf ist, umso mehr wächst die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Vorlauf 62 und Rücklauf 64 an. Dementsprechend wird über den Führungsregler 66 und den Magnetantrieb 14 der Sollwert des Servodruckreglers 13 verstellt und damit der Gasdurchsatz zum Brenner gesteuert.As soon as the temperature in the room to be heated falls below the setpoint of the room thermostat 15, the latter closes its contact, the solenoid 16 switches on and with it the servo pressure regulator 13. This opens the main gas valve 5, 11, so that the main burner 26 ignites and that Heat exchanger 51 flowing through heating water is heated. If the room to be heated is relatively cold, the water cools down considerably and the temperature sensors 63 and 65 report a large temperature difference to the controller 66. If this temperature difference is greater than a predetermined target value, the magnetic drive 14 adjusts the servo pressure regulator 13 in the direction of a higher control pressure, so that the main gas valve 5, 11 is opened even further. However, if the temperature difference drops, the gas supply is reduced in the same way. In this way, the amount of gas supplied to the burner 26 is modulated as a function of the heat requirement. If the room temperature reaches the setpoint specified on the room thermostat 15, this interrupts the circuit of the closing solenoid valve. As a result, the servo pressure regulator 13 no longer delivers control pressure into the diaphragm chamber 10 of the diaphragm drive for the main gas valve 5, 11, so that it closes under the influence of its closing spring 8. While the room thermostat 15 indicates by actuating its contact whether heat should be supplied to the room, the heating water consumer 53 itself serves as a measuring section for determining the amount of heat required. The greater the heat requirement, the more the temperature difference between flow 62 and return 64 increases. Accordingly, the setpoint of the servo pressure controller 13 is adjusted via the guide controller 66 and the magnetic drive 14 and thus the gas throughput to the burner is controlled.

Der Servodruckregler 13 wirkt unmittelbar nur auf das Gasregelventil und damit auf die Gaszufuhr zum Brenner 26 ein. Zugleich wird allerdings auch die über die Injektordüse 24 angesaugte Primärluftmenge gleichsinnig verändert. Zur Steuerung der über die zweite Injektordüse 31 zugeführten und angesaugten Sekundärluftmenge ist im Rauchgasabzug 54 ein Sauerstoff- oder Kohlendioxydfühler 70 vorgesehen, dessen Ausgangssignal einem zweiten Führungsregler 71 zugeführt ist. Unterschreitet der Sauerstoffüberschuss (Luftüberschuss) im Rauchgasabzug 54 einen vorgegebenen Sollwert, so liefert der Regler 71 ein Ausgangssignal an den Magnetantrieb 72 eines auf das Luftregelventil 38 aufgesetzten zweiten Servodruckreglers 73, wodurch der Sollwert dieses Druckreglers erhöht und damit zugleich das Luftregelventil 41, 44 weiter geöffnet wird. Damit fliesst mehr Sekundärluft zum Luftverteilerrohr 35, so dass der vom Fühler 70 angemessene Luftüberschuss zunimmt. Ein zu hoher Luftüberschuss führt umgekehrt zu einer Drosselung der über das Luftregelventil 38 zugeführten Sekundärluftmenge.The servo pressure regulator 13 acts directly only on the gas control valve and thus on the gas supply to the burner 26. At the same time, however, the amount of primary air drawn in via the injector nozzle 24 is changed in the same direction. To control the supplied via the second injector nozzle 31 th and sucked secondary air amount in the flue gas 54 an oxygen or carbon dioxide sensor 70 is provided, the output signal of which is fed to a second guide controller 71. If the excess of oxygen (excess air) in the flue gas exhaust 54 falls below a predetermined target value, the controller 71 supplies an output signal to the magnetic drive 72 of a second servo pressure controller 73 placed on the air control valve 38, whereby the target value of this pressure controller increases and, at the same time, the air control valve 41, 44 opens further becomes. As a result, more secondary air flows to the air distributor pipe 35, so that the excess air which is appropriate for the sensor 70 increases. If the excess air is too high, conversely, the amount of secondary air supplied via the air control valve 38 is throttled.

Da das Gehäuse 57 des Boilers 33 bis auf die beiden Einlassöffnungen 25 und 32 eingangsseitig geschlossen ist, herrscht beim Schliessen von Hauptgasventil 5, 11 und Luftregelventil 41, 44 innerhalb des Boilers nahezu kein Zug mehr, so dass die darin enthaltene Wärme nicht über den Rauchgasabzug 54 entweicht. Auch dies trägt zur Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrades der Heizungsanlage bei.Since the housing 57 of the boiler 33 is closed on the inlet side except for the two inlet openings 25 and 32, when the main gas valve 5, 11 and air control valve 41, 44 are closed, there is almost no draft inside the boiler, so that the heat contained therein does not exceed the flue gas outlet 54 escapes. This also helps to improve the efficiency of the heating system.

Anstelle des im Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellten elektrischen oder elektronischen Reglers 66 kann auch ein thermomechanischer Regler Verwendung finden, wie er beispielsweise in der DE-C 1 961 806 bzw. DE-A 2 747 969 beschrieben ist. Dort sind die beiden Temperaturfühler 63 und 65 als Ausdehnungsfühler dargestellt, die über Kapillarrohre hydraulisch auf ein Stellglied einwirken. Dieses verstellt dann mechanisch unmittelbar den Sollwert des Servodruckreglers 13.Instead of the electrical or electronic controller 66 shown in the exemplary embodiment, a thermomechanical controller can also be used, as described for example in DE-C 1 961 806 or DE-A 2 747 969. There, the two temperature sensors 63 and 65 are shown as expansion sensors, which act hydraulically on an actuator via capillary tubes. This then directly mechanically adjusts the setpoint of the servo pressure regulator 13.

Die Regler 66 und 71 können zu einem gemeinsamen Regler, gegebenenfalls zu einem Digitalregler unter Verwendung eines Mikroprozessors zusammengefasst werden. Anstelle des Sauerstoffüberschusses kann auch eine Messung des CO2-Gehalts der Rauchgase zur Steuerung der Sekundärluftmenge herangezogen werden.The controllers 66 and 71 can be combined to form a common controller, possibly a digital controller using a microprocessor. Instead of the excess of oxygen, a measurement of the CO 2 content of the flue gases can also be used to control the amount of secondary air.

Claims (5)

1. Control device for a gas-fired boiler (33) of a warm-water heating installation comprising a gas control valve (1) provided in the gas pipe to the burner (26) with the closure member (5) of said gas valve being controlled by the control signal of a regulator (66) to which signals are fed as input variables which correspond to the temperature values in the hot water supply conduit (62) and in the return water conduit (64), respectively, and whereat said regulator delivers the control signal if the difference between said temperatures deviates from a predetermined set point value, characterized by the following features:
a) the closure member (5) of the gas control valve :SCf (1) is positioned via a diaphragm actuator (8, 9, 10) by the outlet control pressure of a servopressure regulator (13) which is associated with said gas valve;
b) a first master controller (66) is provided for adjusting the set point of the servopressure regulator (13);
c) the closure member (41) of an air control valve (38) connected in series with a fan (40) is positioned by the outlet control pressure of a second servopressure regulator (73) via a diaphragm actuator (42, 43);
d) the set point of the second servopressure regulator (73) can be influenced by an associated solenoid operator (72) which is controlled by a second master controller (71);
e) the control variable input of the second master controller (71) is connected to a sensor (70) which measures the oxygen concentration or the carbon dioxide concentration in the stack (54) of the boiler (33).
2. Control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first master controller is a thermo-mechanical controller which is connected to two expansion temperature sensors (63, 65) by means of capillary tubes and which with an output control member acts mechanically or hydraulically on the servopressure regulator (13) associated with the gas valve (1).
3. Control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first master controller (66) is an electrical controller having two temperature sensors (63, 65) connected to its measuring variable inputs with the output control signal of said first master controller being fed to a solenoid operator (14) which adjusts the set point of the servopressure regulator (13) associated with said gas control valve (1).
4. Control device according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the outlet of the gas control valve (1) is connected to a first injector nozzle (24) located opposite the gas and primary air inlet (25) of the burner (26), whereat a control member (38, 40) for the supply of combustion air has its outlet connected to a second injector nozzle (31), and a secondary air inlet of said boiler (33) is located opposite said second nozzle (31).
5. Control device according to claim 4, characterized in that an air nozzle (58) located in the stack (54, 56) is with its inlet connected to a source (38, 40) for air under pressure which feeds the second injector nozzle (31).
EP82102804A 1981-04-13 1982-04-02 Control device for a gas-heated boiler of a warm-water heating installation Expired EP0062856B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813114942 DE3114942A1 (en) 1981-04-13 1981-04-13 CONTROL DEVICE FOR THE GAS-FIRED BOILER OF A HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEM
DE3114942 1981-04-13

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EP0062856A1 EP0062856A1 (en) 1982-10-20
EP0062856B1 true EP0062856B1 (en) 1986-07-16

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CN1049972C (en) * 1991-06-29 2000-03-01 崔镇玟 Hot water boiler system
DE69612184T2 (en) * 1996-04-02 2001-09-06 Sit La Precisa Spa A valve unit for regulating the discharge pressure of a gas
US10100938B2 (en) 2008-12-08 2018-10-16 Robertshaw Controls Company Variable flow gas valve and method for controlling same
CN113587140A (en) * 2021-08-09 2021-11-02 吉林同鑫热力集团股份有限公司 Boiler combustion optimizing system

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EP0062856A1 (en) 1982-10-20
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