EP0062297A2 - Installation for heating and ventilation - Google Patents

Installation for heating and ventilation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0062297A2
EP0062297A2 EP82102724A EP82102724A EP0062297A2 EP 0062297 A2 EP0062297 A2 EP 0062297A2 EP 82102724 A EP82102724 A EP 82102724A EP 82102724 A EP82102724 A EP 82102724A EP 0062297 A2 EP0062297 A2 EP 0062297A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
air
temperature
room
rooms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82102724A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0062297A3 (en
EP0062297B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Radtke
György Dipl.-Ing. Borbely
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Schmidt Reuter Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH and Co KG
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Schmidt Reuter Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH and Co KG
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Priority to AT82102724T priority Critical patent/ATE16523T1/en
Publication of EP0062297A2 publication Critical patent/EP0062297A2/en
Publication of EP0062297A3 publication Critical patent/EP0062297A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0062297B1 publication Critical patent/EP0062297B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1084—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D5/00—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems
    • F24D5/02—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems operating with discharge of hot air into the space or area to be heated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D9/00—Central heating systems employing combinations of heat transfer fluids covered by two or more of groups F24D1/00 - F24D7/00

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating and ventilation system for a building unit with several rooms, with a relatively slow basic heating system, in particular a wall or floor heating system, and an additional heating system in the form of a quickly controllable air heating.
  • radiators in the form of radiators, and in particular also the surface heating, such as floor or wall heating, have a high thermal inertia. This means that they react only slowly to temperature fluctuations in the room in question, so that the actual value of the temperature can temporarily deviate considerably from the setpoint set on a thermostat, for example.
  • the room users are ventilated by opening windows. Large temperature jumps and large heat losses occur because heat recovery from the air is not possible and because the radiators are open emit large amounts of heat in a window.
  • warm air heating in which heated air is conveyed into the room, reacts relatively quickly.
  • Warm air heaters have the disadvantage, however, that air has only a small heat absorption capacity, so that if only warm air is heated in a room, considerable amounts of air have to be supplied.
  • recirculation air is used in these systems, i.e. the air is sent back from the rooms to the ventilation unit where it is warmed up again.
  • Annoying smells are transmitted to all heated rooms.
  • fresh air added is distributed evenly to all rooms at all times, including unused rooms, so that used rooms receive too little fresh air.
  • a temporary lowering of the room temperature is associated with a reduction in comfort because there is no compensation for radiation from windows and cold walls due to heat radiation from warm heating surfaces.
  • combined heating systems consist of a slow heating system which covers part of the heat load and in which the remaining heat requirement is covered by faster-reacting convectors, also with fans.
  • the convector heater is a recirculation system, i.e. the air is sucked into the room to be heated, warmed up and re-introduced into the room.
  • the fresh air supply must be carried out separately and is therefore independent of the heat supply.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a heating and ventilation system in which the heating and ventilation of the individual rooms takes place to the extent that these rooms are used in order to avoid unnecessary heating energy expenditure. Temporary lowering and raising of the room temperature should take place quickly, as with air heating, but without the disadvantages of air heating such as odor transmission and poor outside air distribution being transferred to unused rooms.
  • the invention is based on the idea that rooms which are not currently being used, that is to say rooms in which no one is present and which therefore have to be kept at a relatively low temperature level, do not require any additional ventilation. For these rooms, natural ventilation through leaks is sufficient Windows and doors etc. These rooms are therefore only heated to a minimum temperature by the basic heating. Those rooms in which a higher temperature level is to be reached, that is to say those rooms that are used, are additionally supplied with heated fresh air, whereby on the one hand these rooms are additionally heated and on the other hand are supplied with fresh air. For the entire building unit, the temperature of the warm air to be supplied to the rooms is constant and the temperature is controlled by regulating the amount of warm air to be supplied to the individual room. To the extent that additional heat is supplied by warm air, ventilation takes place at the same time. If the room is no longer used, the system switches to a lower temperature setpoint and the fresh air supply is saved there.
  • the invention is based on the idea that when a room in an apartment, a family home or an office unit is used, a certain number of people, e.g. three or four people is not exceeded. If a larger number of people is present in the room on special occasions, the large number of people and body heat create excess heat in well-insulated rooms. Then ventilation can be carried out in the usual way by opening doors or windows. These rarely occurring cases should be disregarded when explaining the inventive concept. For such cases, a separate operating program can be provided if necessary, in which the air system supplies a large amount of fresh air at a low temperature.
  • the supply air flow (warm air flow) is only directed into those rooms that are used. If this is only the case for a single room, the entire warm air flow of the central air conditioning device is available for this single room, while all other rooms are heated to the set minimum temperature solely by the basic heating system.
  • the supply air volume is regulated thermostatically so that the supply air flow is steadily reduced after the effective room temperature setpoint is reached.
  • the presence detectors required for this are known from intrusion detection systems. For example, it can be an infrared sensor that detects the presence or change of warm bodies in the room, or it can also be an ultrasound device that works on the Doppler principle. Other types of presence detectors are also possible. For example, actuating a selector switch or closing a door contact controls the higher temperature setpoint.
  • the heating and ventilation system according to the invention has the advantage that the rooms can be kept at the low basic temperature when no one is present and can only be brought to the higher target temperature by the warm air heating when a person enters the room.
  • This temperature increase can be achieved in a very short time because of the quick effect of warm air heating, so that a reduced temperature can be accepted without loss of comfort during the period of non-use.
  • Experience shows that if rooms are initially at a low temperature when entering, this is not perceived as unpleasant. Only when the person entering is in the room for a longer period of time, does the temperature feel too low as uncomfortably cool. This is avoided by the invention due to the quick adaptability of the additional hot air heating.
  • the basic heating system can be designed very simply.
  • a simple underfloor heating system is sufficient, for example, the temperature of which can be regulated depending on the outside temperature. Hollow floor heating in which air circulates in the cavity of a raised floor is particularly suitable.
  • the heat output of the basic heating system can be changed depending on the heat output required by the additional heating system. If, for example, the warm air heating has to deliver a large amount of air at a high temperature over a long period of time, the controller can raise the temperature of the basic heating system. On the other hand, the temperature of the basic heating system can be reduced if the hot air heating is used for a long time amount of heat and air is below a minimum value. In any case, the regulation of the additional heating system (warm air heating) takes priority over the regulation of the basic heating system.
  • Both the basic heating and the additional heating require a heat source.
  • the two heating systems are normally separated from one another, the basic heating system having a closed circuit in which a heat transfer medium circulates.
  • the basic heating system is also an air heater, that the returning air flow of the basic heating system and fresh air are supplied to a single heating source, and that for each room the amount of air supplied to the air quantity control member is from that of the basic heating element of this room supplied air quantity is branched off.
  • This variant is particularly suitable for cases in which the basic heating system is a hollow floor heating.
  • the warm air heating delivers air at a constant temperature and in a constant total amount, the regulation for each room being carried out exclusively by changing the air volume for this room.
  • Sen sensors for determining the total current demand for all rooms for warm air The sensors cause the warm air temperature to increase if the air outlet openings are opened more than the specified amount. This means that primarily the temperature control of a room is carried out by regulating the volume of the warm air supplied and that secondly the warm air temperature can also be changed within limits.
  • the temperature of the basic heating system is only changed if necessary.
  • the sensors for determining the total current demand of all rooms can be limit switches, for example, which respond to the opening position of the air outlet openings. For example, if more than a predetermined number of air outlet openings are in the fully open state, the warm air temperature can be increased.
  • the sensors can also respond to the pressure in the warm air distribution system. This pressure is lower the further the air outlet openings are open. If the pressure drops below a certain minimum value, it is concluded from this that the heating power of the hot air is insufficient, so that the hot air temperature must be increased.
  • the air volume can be temporarily increased above the normal outdoor air volume.
  • the thermostats are controlled by door and / or window contacts. When the door or window is open, the ventilation and additional heating are completely interrupted, so that unnecessary warm air losses are avoided.
  • Fig. 1 a floor plan of a single-family house is shown schematically, which is completely enclosed by the outer walls 10.
  • the outer walls 10 have windows and doors 11.
  • the entire floor of the building is a raised floor with a raised floor cavity, the upper floor forming the floor resting on numerous supports (not shown) on the sub-floor, which consists for example of a concrete ceiling.
  • Warm air is passed through the raised floor cavity so that the top floor assumes a surface temperature in the range from 22 ° C. to 28 ° C.
  • the air system of the raised floor cavity is a closed air circulation system, i.e. the air contained in it circulates constantly between a heater 12 and the raised floor cavity, so that this air does not get into the rooms. So that the air is evenly distributed in the raised floor cavity over the entire cross-sectional area of the building, the raised floor cavity has air guiding elements, so that the large mass of the circulating warm air is guided along certain paths.
  • This floor heating forms the basic heating system in this example.
  • the heater 12 also effects the additional heating.
  • the heater 12 is supplied with outside air.
  • This outside air is heated and reaches the warm air duct 15, which is connected to an annular duct 16, which runs along the outer wall 10 and passes through all the rooms to be heated.
  • the annular channel 16 is constructed, for example, as a sheet metal channel. It has air outlet openings 18 in the individual rooms R1, R2, R3 and R4 to be heated, the outlet cross section of which is adjustable.
  • the size of the outlet cross section of each air inlet opening 16 is regulated by a room thermostat 17.
  • An outside temperature sensor 19 adjusts the air temperature of the underfloor heating depending on the outside temperature.
  • FIG 1 an additional variant is shown in the room R3, which can also be used in the other rooms. Openings 30 are provided between the annular channel 16 and the hollow floor. Through these openings 30, warm air enters the hollow floor and heats it.
  • an opening 31 is provided in the floor in the room R3, through which room air is sucked into the hollow floor. This air heats up on its way to the heater 12 in the hollow floor, whereby the amount of air supplied to the heater 12 increases and the temperature of this amount of air is increased by preheating.
  • FIG. 2 shows the control characteristic 20 of the floor temperature as a function of the temperature AL of the outside air.
  • the temperature of the underfloor heating is set so that the floor temperature is 22 ° C. If the outside temperature drops to 0 ° C, the floor temperature is raised to 26 °. With further cooling, the floor temperature remains at 26 ° C.
  • a room temperature of 18 ° C This is the basic temperature to which the rooms are preheated. Such a temperature is generally not sufficient for human well-being. The rooms can therefore be further heated by means of additional heating with heated fresh air.
  • the control characteristic 21 of the additional heater is also shown in FIG. 2.
  • Line 22 indicates the temperature to which the fresh air from the heating device 12 is heated as a function of the outside temperature. It is therefore the temperature of the warm air flowing in the annular duct 16.
  • the temperature of this warm air is initially independent of the temperatures in the individual rooms.
  • different amounts of warm air are introduced into the individual rooms R1 to R4. If, for example, there are only people in room R3, the air outlet openings 18 of rooms R1, R2 and R4 are closed, so that the temperature of 18 ° C. is established in these rooms in the long term, and only in room R3 is the temperature from the thermostat 17 regulated to the desired value. Practically the entire warm air energy of the additional heating or the annular duct 16 is available for the room R3.
  • the exhaust air system is not shown in FIG. Because heated fresh air is supplied to rooms R1 to R4, used air is forced out of these rooms.
  • the exhaust air is discharged through ducts and can be used in a heat exchanger to preheat the fresh air drawn in through duct 14.
  • the solid line 24 indicates the heating power Q, which is supplied to a room.
  • the dashed line 25 indicates the room temperature.
  • the room has a temperature of 18 ° C, which is only applied by the underfloor heating.
  • a command to increase the room temperature to 20 ° C. is given by a timer or by a presence detector at time t 1 .
  • the air inlet opening 18 is fully opened, so that a large amount of warm air flows into the room within a short time. Due to the supplied (fresh) warm air, there is also a strong ventilation of the room.
  • the heat output (curve 24) rises to a maximum value within a very short time, until the thermostat 17 partially closes the air inlet opening 18 again.
  • the thermal output is set to a value that corresponds to the room temperature of 20 ° C., which is predetermined by the thermostat 17.
  • the desired room temperature is reached within a very short time.
  • the basic heating system contains a heater 30, which consists of a heat exchanger 31 and a pump or a fan 32.
  • the heat exchanger 31 is supplied with heat via a boiler or a hot water pipe and heats the heat transfer medium which circulates in the closed circuit of the basic heating system.
  • Each of the rooms R connected to the basic heating system contains at least one basic heating element 33, which can be, for example, the cavity of a raised floor in the case of air heating and a heating element in the case of hot water heating.
  • the inlets of the ground radiator 33 are connected to the outlet of the heater 32 and the outlets of G around radiator 33 are connected via corresponding channels or pipes to the inlet of the heater 32nd
  • a separate heating device 34 with a heat exchanger 35 and a blower 36 is provided for the additional heating system. Outside air is drawn in through the heat exchanger 35 via line 53. These After heating by the heat exchanger 35, the outside air is supplied by the blower 36 to the air quantity control members 37 which are present in the individual rooms.
  • the air volume control members 37 are each an air flap, the opening position of which can be regulated by a thermostat 38 installed in the room R, so that the amount of heated fresh air entering the room via the thermostats 38 by adjusting the air volume control member 37 is regulated.
  • Each thermostat 38 has two different target temperature values.
  • the respectively effective target temperature value is set by a detector 39.
  • the detector 39 can be a switch which is manually actuated by a person when entering the room, or a presence detector which responds automatically when at least one person is in the room.
  • the thermostat 38 is switched to the higher setpoint temperature value, while the thermostat 38, when the detector 39 is inactive, regulates the air quantity control member 37 so that the room temperature corresponds to the lower of the two preset setpoint temperature values.
  • the fan 36 generally runs at a constant speed and is not regulated. Therefore, the amount of fresh air sucked in through line 53 is constant and constant. This quantity of fresh air is predominantly distributed to those rooms in which people are staying, because the higher setpoint temperature value of the thermostat 38 is effective in these rooms is, while in rooms where there is no one, the lower target temperature value is effective. In this way, the rooms in which people are staying are heated and ventilated more than the other rooms.
  • a valve 41 is opened via a motor 40, which causes the heating device 34 to be supplied with a larger amount of heat.
  • the fresh air is heated to a higher temperature until at least some of the previously fully opened air quantity control members 37 at least partially close.
  • the state of the complete opening of the air quantity control members 37 is recognized by a sensor 42 which is connected to a controller 43 controlling the engine 40.
  • the controller 43 recognizes whether a certain number of the connected air quantity control members 37 are in the maximum open position.
  • the recirculated air flow 47 of the basic heating system and the fresh air flow sucked in via line 53 are fed equally to the inlet of the heat exchanger 45 to the heating device 44. Both air quantities are mixed and passed by the blower 46 in a constant and constant quantity via line 48 to the different rooms R.
  • Each room R has a raised floor cavity 49, that is, a cavity below the floor.
  • the double floor cavity 49 forms the basic radiator, which is connected on the one hand to line 48 to receive warm air and on the other hand to line 47 to return the air to the heating device 44 after its heat has been released.
  • At least one branch line 50 is connected to the line 48 or to the inlet of the double floor cavity 49 in each room, which leads to an air quantity control member 37, through which air is blown into the room R, as in the embodiment of FIG. 4.
  • the air quantity control members 37 are controlled in the same way by a thermostat and a detector 39 as in the previous embodiment.
  • the pressure in the line 48 drops.
  • a pressure sensor 51 is attached to the line 48, which controls the regulator 52 Motor 40 drives to adjust the valve '41. In this way, more heat is supplied to the heating device 44 via the valve 41 when the heat requirement is greater than when the heat requirement in the rooms R is low. The amount of air passing through the line 48 is constant regardless of the heat requirement.
  • the warm fresh air supplied to the rooms R by the air quantity control members 37 escapes from the rooms through the usual leaks in walls, windows and doors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)

Abstract

Die Heizungs- und Lüftungsanlage besteht aus einem Grundheizsystem, z.B. einer Fussbodenheizung, dessen Heizleistung gerade ausreicht, um die Räume auf eine abgesenkte Temperatur zu beheizen, und einem Zusatzheizsystem in Form einer Warmluftheizung. Das Zusatzheizsystem liefert die hygienisch erforderliche Aussenluftmenge mit gleicher Temperatur in alle Räume. In den einzelnen Räumen (R1 bis R4) wird dadurch sehr schnell eine zum Aufenthalt von Personen erforderliche hohe Raumtemperatur durch Veränderung des zugeführten Warmluftvolumens der Zusatzheizung erreicht, wobei die dann zugeführte Warmluft gleichzeitig zur Belüftung des Raumes dient. Die Zusatzheizung wird für jeden Raum separat in Betrieb gesetzt, wenn eine Person den Raum betritt.The heating and ventilation system consists of a basic heating system, e.g. an underfloor heating system, the heating capacity of which is just sufficient to heat the rooms to a reduced temperature, and an additional heating system in the form of warm air heating. The additional heating system delivers the hygienically required amount of outside air with the same temperature in all rooms. In the individual rooms (R1 to R4), the high room temperature required for people to stay is very quickly achieved by changing the supplied warm air volume of the additional heating, the then supplied warm air simultaneously serving to ventilate the room. The additional heating is activated separately for each room when a person enters the room.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Heizungs- und Lüftungsanlage für eine Gebäudeeinheit mit mehreren Räumen, mit einem relativ trägen Grundheizsystem, insbesondere einer Wand-oder Fußbodenheizung, und einem Zusatzheizsystem in Form einer schnell regelbaren Luftheizung.The invention relates to a heating and ventilation system for a building unit with several rooms, with a relatively slow basic heating system, in particular a wall or floor heating system, and an additional heating system in the form of a quickly controllable air heating.

Die üblichen Heizsysteme, die mit Heizkörpern in Form von Radiatoren arbeiten, und insbesondere auch die Flächenheizungen, wie Fußboden- oder Wandheizungen, haben eine große thermische Trägheit. Dies bedeutet, daß sie nur langsam auf Temperaturschwankungen in dem betreffenden Raum reagieren, so daß der Istwert der Temperatur von dem z.B. an einem Thermostaten eingestellten Sollwert vorübergehend erheblich abweichen kann. Die Lüftung der Räume wird von den Raumbenutzern durch Fensteröffnen bewirkt. Dabei treten große Temperatursprünge auf und große Wärmeverluste, weil eine Wärmerückgewinnung aus der Luft so nicht möglich ist, und weil die Heizkörper gerade bei offenem Fenster große Wärmemengen abgeben.The usual heating systems that work with radiators in the form of radiators, and in particular also the surface heating, such as floor or wall heating, have a high thermal inertia. This means that they react only slowly to temperature fluctuations in the room in question, so that the actual value of the temperature can temporarily deviate considerably from the setpoint set on a thermostat, for example. The room users are ventilated by opening windows. Large temperature jumps and large heat losses occur because heat recovery from the air is not possible and because the radiators are open emit large amounts of heat in a window.

Demgebenüber reagiert eine Warmluftheizung, bei der erwärmte Luft in den Raum gefördert wird, relativ schnell. Warmluftheizungen haben jedoch den Nachteil, daß Luft eine nur geringe Wärmeaufnahmekapazität hat, so daß bei ausschließlicher Warmluftbeheizung eines Raumes erhebliche Luftmengen zugeführt werden müssen. Um trotz großer Luftmengen mit wenig Heizenergie auszukommen, wird bei diesen Systemen Umluft verwendet, d.h. es wird die Luft aus den Räumen zum Lüftungsgerät zurückgesandt und dort wieder erwärmt. Dabei werden störende Gerüche in alle beheizten Räume übertragen. Außerdem wird beigemischte Frischluft jederzeit gleichmässig auf alle Räume verteilt, also auch auf unbenutzte Räume, so daß benutzte Räume zu wenig Frischluft erhalten. Eine zeitweilige Absenkung der Raumtemperatur ist mit Komfortminderung verbunden, weil für Abstrahlung an Fenster und kalte Wände kein Ausgleich durch Wärmestrahlung von warmen Heizflächen vorhanden ist.In addition, warm air heating, in which heated air is conveyed into the room, reacts relatively quickly. Warm air heaters have the disadvantage, however, that air has only a small heat absorption capacity, so that if only warm air is heated in a room, considerable amounts of air have to be supplied. In order to make do with low heating energy despite large amounts of air, recirculation air is used in these systems, i.e. the air is sent back from the rooms to the ventilation unit where it is warmed up again. Annoying smells are transmitted to all heated rooms. In addition, fresh air added is distributed evenly to all rooms at all times, including unused rooms, so that used rooms receive too little fresh air. A temporary lowering of the room temperature is associated with a reduction in comfort because there is no compensation for radiation from windows and cold walls due to heat radiation from warm heating surfaces.

Um die Vorteile beider Systeme zu vereinigen, sind kombinierte Heizungsanlagen bekannt, die aus einem trägen Heizsystem bestehen, das einen Teil der Wärmelast deckt, und bei denen der restliche Wärmebedarf durch schneller reagierende Konvektoren, auch mit Gebläse, gedeckt wird. Hierbei stellt die Konvektorheizung ein Umluftsystem dar, d.h. die Luft wird im zu beheizenden Raum angesaugt, erwärmt und wieder in den Raum eingeführt. Die Frischluftzufuhr muß separat erfolgen und ist somit unabhängig von der Wärmezufuhr.In order to combine the advantages of both systems, combined heating systems are known which consist of a slow heating system which covers part of the heat load and in which the remaining heat requirement is covered by faster-reacting convectors, also with fans. The convector heater is a recirculation system, i.e. the air is sucked into the room to be heated, warmed up and re-introduced into the room. The fresh air supply must be carried out separately and is therefore independent of the heat supply.

Bei den bekannten Heizungssystemen verursacht das plötzliche Einbringen von kalter Frischluft erhebliche Temperaturregelprobleme im Raum, weil durch die zugeführte Frischluft das Temperaturgleichgewicht empfindlich gestört wird.In the known heating systems, the sudden introduction of cold fresh air causes considerable temperature control problems in the room because of the fresh air supplied the temperature balance is disturbed.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Heizungs-und Lüftungsanlage zu schaffen, bei der die Heizung und Lüftung der einzelnen Räume in dem Maße erfolgt wie diese Räume genutzt werden, um einen unnötigen Aufwand an Heizungsenergie zu vermeiden. Dabei soll ein zeitweiliges Absenken und Wiederanheben der Raumtemperatur schnell erfolgen, wie bei einer Luftheizung, ohne daß jedoch die Nachteile der Luftheizung wie Geruchübertragung und schlechte Außenluftverteilung auch auf nicht genutzte Räume übernommen werden.The invention has for its object to provide a heating and ventilation system in which the heating and ventilation of the individual rooms takes place to the extent that these rooms are used in order to avoid unnecessary heating energy expenditure. Temporary lowering and raising of the room temperature should take place quickly, as with air heating, but without the disadvantages of air heating such as odor transmission and poor outside air distribution being transferred to unused rooms.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe. ist bei einer Heizungs- und Lüftungsanlage der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß

  • a) das Zusatzheizsystem mit von außen geführter Frischluft gleichbleibender Menge gespeist wird,
  • b) das Zusatzheizsystem für alle Räume Frischluft mit einer einheitlichen Temperatur zur Verfügung stellt, und
  • c) jeder Raum mindestens ein Luftmengen-Steuerorgan zur Steuerung der Zufuhr beheizter Frischluft aufweist, das von einem Thermostaten gesteuert ist, der über einen beim Betreten des Raumes betätigbaren Schalter oder selbsttätig ansprechenden Detektor zwischen einem niedrigen ersten Solltemperaturwert und einem höheren zweiten Solltemperaturwert umschaltbar ist, und
  • d) die Temperatur der Frischluft in Abhängigkeit von dem Gesamt-Luftbedarf mehrerer Räume gesteuert ist.
To solve this task. is provided according to the invention in a heating and ventilation system of the type mentioned that
  • a) the additional heating system is supplied with a constant amount of fresh air from outside,
  • b) the auxiliary heating system provides fresh air with a uniform temperature for all rooms, and
  • c) each room has at least one air volume control element for controlling the supply of heated fresh air, which is controlled by a thermostat, which can be actuated by a switch that can be actuated when entering the room or an automatically responsive detector low first set temperature value and a higher second set temperature value is switchable, and
  • d) the temperature of the fresh air is controlled depending on the total air requirement of several rooms.

Die Erfindung geht von dem Gedanken aus, daß Räume, die zur Zeit nicht genutzt werden, also Räume, in denen sich keine Person aufhält und die demnach auf einem relativ niedrigen Temperaturniveau gehalten werden müssen, auch keine zusätzliche Belüftung erfordern. Für diese Räume reicht die natürliche Belüftung durch Undichtigkeiten in Fenstern und Türen usw. aus. Diese Räume werden also nur durch die Grundheizung auf eine Mindesttemperatur erwärmt. Diejenigen Räume, in denen ein höheres Temperaturniveau erreicht werden soll, also diejenigen Räume, die genutzt werden, werden zusätzlich mit erwärmter Frischluft versorgt, wodurch diese Räume einerseits zusätzlich erwärmt und andererseits mit Frischluft versorgt werden. Für die gesamte Gebäudeeinheit ist die Temperatur der den Räumen zuzuführenden Warmluft konstant und die Temperaturregelung erfolgt durch Regelung der dem einzelnen Raum zuzuführenden Warmluftmenge. In dem Maße, wie also zusätzliche Wärme durch Warmluft zugeführt wird, erfolgt gleichzeitig die Belüftung. Wird der Raum nicht mehr genutzt, wird auf einen niedrigeren Temperatursollwert umgeschaltet und die Frischluftversorgung dort eingespart.The invention is based on the idea that rooms which are not currently being used, that is to say rooms in which no one is present and which therefore have to be kept at a relatively low temperature level, do not require any additional ventilation. For these rooms, natural ventilation through leaks is sufficient Windows and doors etc. These rooms are therefore only heated to a minimum temperature by the basic heating. Those rooms in which a higher temperature level is to be reached, that is to say those rooms that are used, are additionally supplied with heated fresh air, whereby on the one hand these rooms are additionally heated and on the other hand are supplied with fresh air. For the entire building unit, the temperature of the warm air to be supplied to the rooms is constant and the temperature is controlled by regulating the amount of warm air to be supplied to the individual room. To the extent that additional heat is supplied by warm air, ventilation takes place at the same time. If the room is no longer used, the system switches to a lower temperature setpoint and the fresh air supply is saved there.

Der Erfindung liegt der Gedanke zugrunde, daß bei der Nutzung eines Raumes in einer Wohnung, einem Einfamilienhaus oder in einer Büroeinheit normalerweise in diesem Raum eine bestimmte Personenzahl von z.B. drei oder vier Personen nicht überschritten wird. Wenn bei besonderen Anlässen in dem Raum eine größere Personenzahl anwesend ist, entsteht bei gut Wärme isolierten Räumen durch die große Personenzahl und die Körperwärme ein Wärmeüberschuß. Dann kann in gewohnter Weise die Lüftung durch das öffnen von Türen oder Fenstern erfolgen. Diese selten auftretenden Fälle sollen bei der Erläuterung des Erfindungsgedankens außer Betracht bleiben. Für derartige Fälle kann erforderlichenfalls ein gesondertes Betriebsprogramm vorgesehen werden, bei dem das Luftsystem eine große Frischluftmenge mit niedriger Temperatur zuführt.The invention is based on the idea that when a room in an apartment, a family home or an office unit is used, a certain number of people, e.g. three or four people is not exceeded. If a larger number of people is present in the room on special occasions, the large number of people and body heat create excess heat in well-insulated rooms. Then ventilation can be carried out in the usual way by opening doors or windows. These rarely occurring cases should be disregarded when explaining the inventive concept. For such cases, a separate operating program can be provided if necessary, in which the air system supplies a large amount of fresh air at a low temperature.

Bei Normalbetrieb der Heizungs- und Lüftungsanlage wird der Zuluftstrom (Warmluftstrom) nur in diejenigen Räume geleitet, die genutzt werden. Wenn dies nur für einen einzigen Raum der Fall ist, steht der gesamte Warmluftstrom der zentralen Luftaufbereitungsvorrichtung für diesen einzigen Raum zur Verfügung, während alle anderen Räume ausschließlich durch das Grundheizsystem auf die eingestellte Mindestemperatur erwärmt werden. Die Regelung der Zuluftmenge erfolgt thermostatisch, so daß nach Erreichen des jeweils wirksamen Raumtemperatur-Sollwertes der Zuluftstrom stetig reduziert wird.During normal operation of the heating and ventilation system, the supply air flow (warm air flow) is only directed into those rooms that are used. If this is only the case for a single room, the entire warm air flow of the central air conditioning device is available for this single room, while all other rooms are heated to the set minimum temperature solely by the basic heating system. The supply air volume is regulated thermostatically so that the supply air flow is steadily reduced after the effective room temperature setpoint is reached.

Sobald eine Person den Raum betritt, wird das Zusatzheizsystem zugeschaltet und die Temperatur wird von der niedrigen Grundtemperatur auf die höhere Solltemperatur erhöht. Sobald die Person den Raum wieder verläßt, wird wieder die niedrige Grundtemperatur eingestellt. Die hierzu erforderlichen Anwesenheitsdetektoren sind von Einbruchmeldeanlagen her bekannt. Es kann sich beispielsweise um Infrarotfühler handeln, die die Anwesenheit oder Veränderung warmer Körper im Raum erfassen, oder auch um Ultraschallgeräte, die nach dem Doppler-Prinzip arbeiten. Auch andere Arten von Anwesenheitsdetektoren sind möglich. So kann z.B. das Betätigen eines Wahlschalters oder das Schließen eines Türkontaktes den höheren Temperatursollwert ansteuern.As soon as a person enters the room, the additional heating system is switched on and the temperature is increased from the low basic temperature to the higher target temperature. As soon as the person leaves the room, the low basic temperature is set again. The presence detectors required for this are known from intrusion detection systems. For example, it can be an infrared sensor that detects the presence or change of warm bodies in the room, or it can also be an ultrasound device that works on the Doppler principle. Other types of presence detectors are also possible. For example, actuating a selector switch or closing a door contact controls the higher temperature setpoint.

Die erfindungsgemäße Heizungs- und Lüftungsanlage bietet den Vorteil, daß die Räume, wenn niemand anwesend ist, auf der niedrigen Grundtemperatur gehalten werden können und erst durch die Warmluftheizung auf die höhere Solltemperatur gebracht werden, wenn eine Person in dem Raum eintritt. Diese Temperaturerhöhung kann wegen der schnellen Wirkung der Warmluftheizung in kürzester Zeit erreicht werden, so daß ohne Komforteinbußen während der Nichtnutzungszeit eine abgesenkte Temperatur akzeptiert werden kann. Wenn Räume beim Betreten zunächst noch niedrigtemperiert sind, wird dies erfahrungsgemäß nicht als unangenehm empfunden. Erst wenn die eintretende Person sich längere Zeit in dem Raum aufhält, empfindet sie eine zu niedrige Temperatur als unbehaglich kühl. Durch die Erfindung wird dies durch die schnelle Anpassungsfähigkeit der Zusatz-Warmluftheizung vermieden.The heating and ventilation system according to the invention has the advantage that the rooms can be kept at the low basic temperature when no one is present and can only be brought to the higher target temperature by the warm air heating when a person enters the room. This temperature increase can be achieved in a very short time because of the quick effect of warm air heating, so that a reduced temperature can be accepted without loss of comfort during the period of non-use. Experience shows that if rooms are initially at a low temperature when entering, this is not perceived as unpleasant. Only when the person entering is in the room for a longer period of time, does the temperature feel too low as uncomfortably cool. This is avoided by the invention due to the quick adaptability of the additional hot air heating.

Durch die schnell reagierende Warmluftheizung mit großer Leistungsreserve kann das Grundheizungssystem sehr einfach gestaltet werden. Es genügt z.B. eine einfache Fußbodenheizung, deren Temperatur z.B. in Abhängigkeit von der Außentemperatur geregelt werden kann. Insbesondere eignet sich eine Hohlbodenheizung, bei der Luft in dem Hohlraum eines Doppelbodens zirkuliert. Die Wärmeleistung des Grundheizsystems kann in Abhängigkeit von der dem Zusatzheizsystem abgeforderten Wärmeleistung verändert werden. Wenn beispielsweise über längere Zeit hinweg die Warmluftheizung eine große Luftmenge bei hoher Temperatur liefern muß, kann der Regler die Temperatur des Grundheizsystems erhöhen. Andererseits kann die Temperatur des Grundheizsystems heruntergeregelt werden, wenn über längere Zeit die der Warmluftheizung abverlangte Wärme- und Luftmenge einen Mindestwert unterschreitet. In jedem Fall erfolgt die Regelung des Zusatzheizsystems (Warmluftheizung) mit Vorrang gegenüber der Regelung des Grundheizsystems.Thanks to the fast-reacting warm air heating with a large power reserve, the basic heating system can be designed very simply. A simple underfloor heating system is sufficient, for example, the temperature of which can be regulated depending on the outside temperature. Hollow floor heating in which air circulates in the cavity of a raised floor is particularly suitable. The heat output of the basic heating system can be changed depending on the heat output required by the additional heating system. If, for example, the warm air heating has to deliver a large amount of air at a high temperature over a long period of time, the controller can raise the temperature of the basic heating system. On the other hand, the temperature of the basic heating system can be reduced if the hot air heating is used for a long time amount of heat and air is below a minimum value. In any case, the regulation of the additional heating system (warm air heating) takes priority over the regulation of the basic heating system.

Sowohl die Grundheizung als auch die Zusatzheizung benötigen eine Wärmequelle. Normalerweise sind die beiden Heizsysteme voneinander getrennt, wobei das Grundheizsystem einen geschlossenen Kreislauf aufweist, in dem ein Wärmeübertragungsmedium zirkuliert. Es ist aber auch möglich, für die Grundheizung und die Zusatzheizung mit einer einzigen Heizquelle auszukommen. Hierzu ist gemäß einer speziellen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß das Grundheizsystem ebenfalls eine Luftheizung ist, daß an einer einzigen Heizquelle der rücklaufende Luftstrom des Grundheizungssystems und Frischluft zugeführt werden und daß für jeden Raum die dem Luftmengen-Steuerorgan zugeführte Luftmenge von der dem Grundheizkörper dieses Raumes zugeführten Luftmenge abgezweigt wird. Diese Variante eignet sich insbesondere für solche Fälle, bei denen das Grundheizsystem eine Hohlbodenheizung ist.Both the basic heating and the additional heating require a heat source. The two heating systems are normally separated from one another, the basic heating system having a closed circuit in which a heat transfer medium circulates. However, it is also possible to use only one heating source for the basic heating and the additional heating. For this purpose, according to a special embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the basic heating system is also an air heater, that the returning air flow of the basic heating system and fresh air are supplied to a single heating source, and that for each room the amount of air supplied to the air quantity control member is from that of the basic heating element of this room supplied air quantity is branched off. This variant is particularly suitable for cases in which the basic heating system is a hollow floor heating.

Im einfachsten Fall liefert die Warmluftheizung Luft mit einer konstanten Temperatur und in einer konstanten Gesamtmenge, wobei die Regelung für jeden Raum ausschließlich durch Veränderung des Luftvolumens für diesen Raum erfolgt. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, für die Warmlufttemperatur eine gewisse Bandbreite vorzusehen, innerhalb der eine bedarfsabhängige Temperaturregelung erfolgt. Zu diesem Zweck sind gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung Sensoren zur Ermittlung des gesamten momentanten Bedarfs sämtlicher Räume an Warmluft vorgesehen. Die Sensoren veranlassen eine Erhöhung der Warmlufttemperatur, wenn die Luftaustrittsöffnungen mehr als im vorgegebenem Maße geöffnet sind. Dies bedeutet, daß in erster Linie die Temperaturregelung eines Raumes durch Regelung des Volumens der zugeführten Warmluft erfolgt und daß in zweiter Linie auch die Warmlufttemperatur in Grenzen verändert werden kann. In dritter Linie wird erforderlichenfalls erst die Temperatur des Grundheizsystems verändert.In the simplest case, the warm air heating delivers air at a constant temperature and in a constant total amount, the regulation for each room being carried out exclusively by changing the air volume for this room. However, it is also possible to provide a certain range for the warm air temperature within which a demand-dependent temperature control takes place. For this purpose, according to an advantageous development of the invention, Sen sensors for determining the total current demand for all rooms for warm air. The sensors cause the warm air temperature to increase if the air outlet openings are opened more than the specified amount. This means that primarily the temperature control of a room is carried out by regulating the volume of the warm air supplied and that secondly the warm air temperature can also be changed within limits. In the third line, the temperature of the basic heating system is only changed if necessary.

Die Sensoren zur Ermittlung des gesamten momentanen Bedarfs sämtlicher Räume können beispielsweise Endschalter sein, die auf die öffnungsstellung der Luftaustrittsöffnungen ansprechen. Wenn beispielsweise mehr als eine vorgegebene Anzahl von Luftaustrittsöffnungen im vollständig geöffneten Zustand ist, kann die Warmlufttemperatur erhöht werden.The sensors for determining the total current demand of all rooms can be limit switches, for example, which respond to the opening position of the air outlet openings. For example, if more than a predetermined number of air outlet openings are in the fully open state, the warm air temperature can be increased.

Die Sensoren können alternativ auch auf den Druck in dem Warmluft-Verteilersystem ansprechen. Dieser Druck ist umso niedriger, je weiter die Luftaustrittsöffnungen geöffnet sind. Wenn der Druck also unter einen bestimmten Mindestwert abfällt, wird hieraus geschlossen, daß die Heizleistung der Warmluft nicht ausreicht, so daß die Warmlufttemperatur erhöht werden muß.Alternatively, the sensors can also respond to the pressure in the warm air distribution system. This pressure is lower the further the air outlet openings are open. If the pressure drops below a certain minimum value, it is concluded from this that the heating power of the hot air is insufficient, so that the hot air temperature must be increased.

Wenn eine Erhöhung der Warmlufttemperatur nicht mehr möglich ist, kann die Luftmenge zeitweilig über die normale Außenluftmenge erhöht werden.If it is no longer possible to increase the warm air temperature, the air volume can be temporarily increased above the normal outdoor air volume.

Durch das öffnen von Fenstern oder Türen werden infolge des Eintritts von Kaltluft in den Raum erhebliche Energieverluste und Regelschwankungen verursacht. Um dies zu vermeiden, sind gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung die Thermostaten durch Tür- und/oder Fensterkontakte gesteuert. Bei geöffneter Tür bzw. geöffnetem Fenster werden die Lüftung und die Zusatzerwärmung vollständig unterbrochen, so daß unnötige Warmluftverluste vermieden werden.Opening windows or doors causes considerable energy losses and control fluctuations as a result of cold air entering the room. To avoid this, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the thermostats are controlled by door and / or window contacts. When the door or window is open, the ventilation and additional heating are completely interrupted, so that unnecessary warm air losses are avoided.

Im folgenden werden unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher erläutert.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the figures.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 den Grundriß einer Wohnung mit einem Ausführungsbeispiel des Heizungs- und Lüftungssystems,
  • Fig. 2 eine graphische Darstellung der Temperaturregelung des Grundheizsystems in Abhängigkeit von der Außentemperatur, wobei zusätzlich das Temperaturband der Warmluftregelung dargestellt ist,
  • Fig.3 den zeitlichen Verlauf der zugeführten Warmluftmenge und der Temperatur bei sprungartiger Zuschaltung des Zusatzheizsystems zum Grundheizsystem.
  • Fig. 4 ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Heizsystems mit einem geschlossenen Kreislauf für das Grundheizsystem, und
  • Fig. 5 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem die Luftleitungen des Grundheizsystems und der Zusatzheizung derart miteinander kombiniert sind, daß nur eine einzige Wärmequelle benötigt wird.
Show it:
  • 1 shows the floor plan of an apartment with an embodiment of the heating and ventilation system,
  • 2 shows a graphical representation of the temperature control of the basic heating system as a function of the outside temperature, the temperature band of the warm air control also being shown,
  • 3 shows the time course of the amount of warm air supplied and the temperature in the event of a sudden connection of the additional heating system to the basic heating system.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the heating system with a closed circuit for the basic heating system, and
  • Fig. 5 shows another embodiment in which the air lines of the basic heating system and the additional heating are combined with one another in such a way that only a single heat source is required.

In Fig. 1 ist schematisch ein Grundriß eines Einfamilienhauses dargestellt, das von den Außenwänden 10 vollständig umschlossen ist. Die Außenwände 10 weisen Fenster und Türen 11 auf.In Fig. 1 a floor plan of a single-family house is shown schematically, which is completely enclosed by the outer walls 10. The outer walls 10 have windows and doors 11.

Der gesamte Fußboden des.Gebäudes ist ein Doppelboden mit einem Doppelbodenhohlraum, wobei der den Fußboden bildende Oberboden auf zahlreichen (nicht dargestellten) Stützen auf dem Unterboden, der beispielsweise aus einer Betondecke besteht, ruht. Durch den Doppelbodenhohlraum wird Warmluft hindurchgeleitet, so daß der Oberboden eine Oberflächentemperatur im Bereich von 22°C bis 28°C annimmt. Das Luftsystem des Doppelbodenhohlraums ist ein geschlossenes Umluftsystem, d.h. die in ihm enthaltene Luft zirkuliert ständig zwischen einem Heizgerät 12 und dem Doppelbodenhohlraum, so daß diese Luft nicht in die Räume gelangt. Damit die Luft sich gleichmäßig in dem Doppelbodenhohlraum über die gesamte Querschnittsfläche des Gebäudes verteilt, weist der Doppelbodenhohlraum Luftleitelemente auf, so daß die große Masse der zirkulierenden Warmluft entlang bestimmter Wege geführt wird. Diese Fußbodenheizung bildet in diesem Beispiel das Grundheizsystem.The entire floor of the building is a raised floor with a raised floor cavity, the upper floor forming the floor resting on numerous supports (not shown) on the sub-floor, which consists for example of a concrete ceiling. Warm air is passed through the raised floor cavity so that the top floor assumes a surface temperature in the range from 22 ° C. to 28 ° C. The air system of the raised floor cavity is a closed air circulation system, i.e. the air contained in it circulates constantly between a heater 12 and the raised floor cavity, so that this air does not get into the rooms. So that the air is evenly distributed in the raised floor cavity over the entire cross-sectional area of the building, the raised floor cavity has air guiding elements, so that the large mass of the circulating warm air is guided along certain paths. This floor heating forms the basic heating system in this example.

Das Heizgerät 12 bewirkt ebenfalls die Zusatzheizung. Durch den mit der Außenluft in Verbindung stehenden Kanal 14 wird dem Heizgerät 12 Außenluft zugeführt. Diese Außenluft wird erwärmt und gelangt in den Warmluftkanal 15, der mit einem Ringkanal 16 verbunden ist, welcher an der Außenwand 10 entlangführt und durch alle zu heizenden Räume hindurchgeht. Der Ringkanal 16 ist konstruktiv beispielsweise als Blechkanal ausgebildet. Er weist in den einzelnen zu beheizenden Räumen R1, R2, R3 und R4 Luftaustrittsöffnungen 18 auf, deren Austrittsquerschnitt verstellbar ist. Die Größe des Austrittsquerschnitts einer jeden Lufteinlaßöffnung 16 wird durch einen Raumthermostaten 17 geregelt.The heater 12 also effects the additional heating. Through the duct 14 connected to the outside air, the heater 12 is supplied with outside air. This outside air is heated and reaches the warm air duct 15, which is connected to an annular duct 16, which runs along the outer wall 10 and passes through all the rooms to be heated. The annular channel 16 is constructed, for example, as a sheet metal channel. It has air outlet openings 18 in the individual rooms R1, R2, R3 and R4 to be heated, the outlet cross section of which is adjustable. The size of the outlet cross section of each air inlet opening 16 is regulated by a room thermostat 17.

Ein Außentemperaturfühler 19 stellt in Abhängigkeit von der Außentemperatur die Lufttemperatur der Fußbodenheizung ein.An outside temperature sensor 19 adjusts the air temperature of the underfloor heating depending on the outside temperature.

In Figur 1 ist in dem Raum R3 eine zusätzliche Variante dargestellt, die auch bei den anderen Räumen angewandt werden kann. Hierbei sind öffnungen 30 zwischen dem Ringkanal 16 und dem Hohlboden vorgesehen. Durch diese öff-, nungen 30 gelangt Warmluft in den Hohlboden und erwärmt diesen.In Figure 1, an additional variant is shown in the room R3, which can also be used in the other rooms. Openings 30 are provided between the annular channel 16 and the hollow floor. Through these openings 30, warm air enters the hollow floor and heats it.

Zur Vergrößerung des Warmluftdurchsatzes durch den Raum ist im Raum R3 eine öffnung 31 im Fußboden vorgesehen, durch die Raumluft in den Hohlboden eingesaugt wird. Diese Luft erwärmt sich auf ihrem Weg zu dem Heizgerät 12 im Hohlboden, wodurch die dem Heizgerät 12 zugeführte Luftmenge vergrößert und die Temperatur dieser Luftmenge durch Vorwärmung erhöht wird.To increase the warm air throughput through the room, an opening 31 is provided in the floor in the room R3, through which room air is sucked into the hollow floor. This air heats up on its way to the heater 12 in the hollow floor, whereby the amount of air supplied to the heater 12 increases and the temperature of this amount of air is increased by preheating.

In Figur 2 ist die Regelcharakteristik 20 der Fußbodentemperatur in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur AL der Außenluft dargestellt. Bei einer Außentemperatur von 20°C wird die Temperatur der Fußbodenheizung so eingestellt, daß die Fußbodentemperatur 22°C beträgt. Bei einem Abfall der Außentemperatur auf 0°C wird die Fußbodentemperatur auf 26° hochgeregelt. Bei weiterer Abkühlung bleibt die Fußbodentemperatur auf 26°C. Eine derartige Fußbodentemperatur bewirkt erfahrungsgemäß eine Raumtemperatur von 18°C. Dies ist die Grundtemperatur, auf die die Räume vorgeheizt werden. Eine solche Temperatur reicht im allgemeinen für das menschliche Wohlbefinden noch nicht aus. Daher kann die weitere Aufheizung der Räume durch die Zusatzheizung mit erwärmter Frischluft erfolgen. Die Regelcharakteristik 21 der Zusatzheizung ist in Figur 2 ebenfalls dargestellt. Die Linie 22 gibt diejenige Temperatur an, auf die die Frischluft von der Heizvorrichtung 12 in Abhängigkeit von der Außentemperatur erwärmt wird. Es handelt sich also um die Temperatur der in dem Ringkanal 16 strömenden Warmluft. Die Temperatur dieser Warmluft ist zunächst unabhängig von den Temperaturen in den einzelnen Räumen. In Abhängigkeit von den öffnungsquerschnitten der jeweiligen Luftaustrittsöffnungen 18 werden unterschiedliche Warmluftmengen in die einzelnen Räume R1 bis R4 eingeleitet. Wenn sich beispielsweise nur in dem Raum R3 Personen aufhalten, werden die Luftaustrittsöffnungen 18 der Räume R1, R2 und R4 geschlossen, so daß sich langfristig in diesen Räumen die Temperatur von 18°C einstellt, und nur in dem Raum R3 wird die Temperatur vom Thermostaten 17 auf den gewünschten Wert hochgeregelt. Für den Raum R3 steht also praktisch die gesamte Warmluftenergie der Zusatzheizung bzw. des Ringkanals 16 zur Verfügung.FIG. 2 shows the control characteristic 20 of the floor temperature as a function of the temperature AL of the outside air. At an outside temperature of 20 ° C, the temperature of the underfloor heating is set so that the floor temperature is 22 ° C. If the outside temperature drops to 0 ° C, the floor temperature is raised to 26 °. With further cooling, the floor temperature remains at 26 ° C. Experience has shown that such a floor temperature results in a room temperature of 18 ° C. This is the basic temperature to which the rooms are preheated. Such a temperature is generally not sufficient for human well-being. The rooms can therefore be further heated by means of additional heating with heated fresh air. The control characteristic 21 of the additional heater is also shown in FIG. 2. Line 22 indicates the temperature to which the fresh air from the heating device 12 is heated as a function of the outside temperature. It is therefore the temperature of the warm air flowing in the annular duct 16. The temperature of this warm air is initially independent of the temperatures in the individual rooms. Depending on the opening cross-sections of the respective air outlet openings 18, different amounts of warm air are introduced into the individual rooms R1 to R4. If, for example, there are only people in room R3, the air outlet openings 18 of rooms R1, R2 and R4 are closed, so that the temperature of 18 ° C. is established in these rooms in the long term, and only in room R3 is the temperature from the thermostat 17 regulated to the desired value. Practically the entire warm air energy of the additional heating or the annular duct 16 is available for the room R3.

Befinden sich dagegen Personen in allen beheizbaren Räumen R1 bis R4, dann muß die Warmluftmenge auf alle diese Räume verteilt werden. Dies bedeutet, daß die Luftaustrittsöffnungen 18 aller Räume ganz oder teilweise geöffnet sind. Wenn alle Luftaustrittsöffnungen 18 voll geöffnet sind, wird dies durch (nicht dargestellte) Endschalter ermittelt, und die Heizvorrichtung 12 wird auf eine höhere Warmlufttemperatur der Zusatzheizung umgeschaltet. Der Verlauf dieser höheren Warmlufttemperatur in Abhängigkeit von der Außentemperatur ist in Figur 2 durch die Linie 23 dargestellt. Man erkennt, daß die Warmlufttemperatur grundsätzlich ausschließlich in Abhängigkeit von der Außentemperatur eingestellt wird, daß sich jedoch eine höhere Warmlufttemperatur ergeben kann, wenn ein großer Warmluftbedarf auftritt.If, on the other hand, there are people in all heatable rooms R1 to R4, the amount of warm air must be distributed to all of these rooms. This means that the air outlet openings 18 of all rooms are fully or partially open. If all air outlet openings 18 are fully open, this is determined by limit switches (not shown) and the heating device 12 is switched to a higher warm air temperature of the additional heater. The course of this higher warm air temperature as a function of the outside temperature is shown in FIG. 2 by line 23. It can be seen that the warm air temperature is basically only set as a function of the outside temperature, but that a higher warm air temperature can result if there is a large demand for warm air.

In Figur 2 ist das Abluftsystem nicht dargestellt. Dadurch, daß den Räumen R1 bis R4 erwärmte Frischluft zugeführt wird, wird verbrauchte Luft aus diesen Räumen herausgedrückt. Die Abluft wird durch Kanäle abgeführt und kann in einem Wärmeaustauscher zum Vorwärmen der durch den Kanal 14 angesaugten Frischluft benutzt werden.The exhaust air system is not shown in FIG. Because heated fresh air is supplied to rooms R1 to R4, used air is forced out of these rooms. The exhaust air is discharged through ducts and can be used in a heat exchanger to preheat the fresh air drawn in through duct 14.

In Figur 3 gibt die durchgezogene Linie 24 die Heizleistung Q an, die einem Raum zugeführt wird. Die gestrichelte Linie 25 gibt die Raumtemperatur an. Zunächst herrscht in dem Raum eine Temperatur von 18°C, die ausschließlich durch die Fußbodenheizung aufgebracht wird. Durch einen Zeitschalter oder durch einen Anwesenheitsdetektor wird zum Zeitpunkt t1 der Befehl zur Erhöhung der Raumtemperatur auf 20°C gegeben. Hierdurch wird die Lufteintrittsöffnung 18 voll geöffnet, so daß eine große Warmluftmenge innerhalb kurzer Zeit in den Raum einströmt. Durch die zugeführte (frische) Warmluft, erfolgt gleichzeitig eine starke Belüftung des Raumes. Die Wärmeleistung (Kurve 24) steigt innerhalb kürzester Zeit auf einen Maximalwert an, bis der Thermostat 17 die Lufteintrittsöffnung 18 wieder teilweise verschließt. Die Wärmeleistung stellt sich also langfristig auf einen Wert ein, der der durch den Thermostaten 17 vorgegebenen Raumtemperatur von 20°C entspricht. Wie aus Figur 3 zu ersehen ist, wird die Soll-Raumtemperatur innerhalb einer sehr kurzen Zeit erreicht.In Figure 3, the solid line 24 indicates the heating power Q, which is supplied to a room. The dashed line 25 indicates the room temperature. First of all, the room has a temperature of 18 ° C, which is only applied by the underfloor heating. A command to increase the room temperature to 20 ° C. is given by a timer or by a presence detector at time t 1 . As a result, the air inlet opening 18 is fully opened, so that a large amount of warm air flows into the room within a short time. Due to the supplied (fresh) warm air, there is also a strong ventilation of the room. The heat output (curve 24) rises to a maximum value within a very short time, until the thermostat 17 partially closes the air inlet opening 18 again. In the long term, the thermal output is set to a value that corresponds to the room temperature of 20 ° C., which is predetermined by the thermostat 17. As can be seen from Figure 3, the desired room temperature is reached within a very short time.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 4 enthält das Grundheizsystem ein Heizgerät 30, das aus einem Wärmetauscher 31 und einer Pumpe oder einem Ventilator 32 besteht. Der Wärmetauscher 31 wird über 8inen Heizkessel oder eine Warmwasserleitung mit Wärme versorgt und erwärmt das Wärmeträgermedium, das in dem geschlossenen Kreislauf des Grundheizsystems zirkuliert. Jeder der an das Grundheizsystem angeschlossenen Räume R enthält mindestens einen Grundheizkörper 33, bei dem es sich im Falle einer Luftheizung z.B. um den Hohlraum eines Doppelbodens und im Falle einer Warmwasserheizung um einen Heizkörper handeln kann. Die Einlässe der Grundheizkörper 33 sind mit dem Auslaß der Heizvorrichtung 32 verbunden und die Auslässe der Grundheizkörper 33 sind über entsprechende Kanäle oder Rohrleitungen an den Einlaß der Heizvorrichtung 32 angeschlossen.In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the basic heating system contains a heater 30, which consists of a heat exchanger 31 and a pump or a fan 32. The heat exchanger 31 is supplied with heat via a boiler or a hot water pipe and heats the heat transfer medium which circulates in the closed circuit of the basic heating system. Each of the rooms R connected to the basic heating system contains at least one basic heating element 33, which can be, for example, the cavity of a raised floor in the case of air heating and a heating element in the case of hot water heating. The inlets of the ground radiator 33 are connected to the outlet of the heater 32 and the outlets of G around radiator 33 are connected via corresponding channels or pipes to the inlet of the heater 32nd

Für das Zusatzheizsystem ist eine separate Heizvorrichtung 34 mit einem Wärmetauscher 35 und einem Gebläse 36 vorgesehen. Durch den Wärmetauscher 35 hindurch wird über Leitung 53 Außenluft angesaugt. Diese Außenluft wird nach Erwärmung durch den Wärmetauscher 35 durch das Gebläse 36 den Luftmengen-Steuerorganen 37 zugeführt, die in den einzelnen Räumen vorhanden sind. Bei den Luftmengen-Steuerorganen 37 handelt es sich jeweils um eine Luftklappe, deren öffnungsstellung durch einen in dem Raum R installierten Thermostaten 38 reguliert werden kann, so daß die Menge der in den Raum eintretenden geheizten Frischluft über den Thermostaten 38 durch Verstellung des Luftmengen-Steuerorgans 37 geregelt wird.A separate heating device 34 with a heat exchanger 35 and a blower 36 is provided for the additional heating system. Outside air is drawn in through the heat exchanger 35 via line 53. These After heating by the heat exchanger 35, the outside air is supplied by the blower 36 to the air quantity control members 37 which are present in the individual rooms. The air volume control members 37 are each an air flap, the opening position of which can be regulated by a thermostat 38 installed in the room R, so that the amount of heated fresh air entering the room via the thermostats 38 by adjusting the air volume control member 37 is regulated.

Jeder Thermostat 38 weist zwei verschiedene Solltemperaturwerte auf. Der jeweils wirksame Solltemperaturwert wird von einem Detektor 39 eingestellt. Bei dem Detektor 39 kann es sich um einen Schalter handeln, der beim Betreten des Raumes durch eine Person von dieser manuell betätigt wird, oder um einen Anwesenheitsdetektor, der selbsttätig dann anspricht, wenn sich mindestens eine Person in dem Raum befindet. Wenn der Detektor 39 betätigt ist, ist der Thermostat 38 auf den höheren Solltemperaturwert geschaltet, während der Thermostat 38 bei inaktivem Detektor 39 das Luftmengen-Steuerorgan 37 so regelt, daß die Raumtemperatur dem niedrigeren der beiden voreingestellten Solltemperaturwerte entspricht.Each thermostat 38 has two different target temperature values. The respectively effective target temperature value is set by a detector 39. The detector 39 can be a switch which is manually actuated by a person when entering the room, or a presence detector which responds automatically when at least one person is in the room. When the detector 39 is actuated, the thermostat 38 is switched to the higher setpoint temperature value, while the thermostat 38, when the detector 39 is inactive, regulates the air quantity control member 37 so that the room temperature corresponds to the lower of the two preset setpoint temperature values.

Das Gebläse 36 läuft im allgemeinen mit konstanter Drehzahl und ist nicht geregelt. Daher ist die durch die Leitung 53 angesaugte Frischluftmenge gleichbleibend und konstant. Diese Frischluftmenge wird überwiegend auf diejenigen Räume verteilt, in denen sich Personen aufhalten, weil in diesen Räumen der höhere Solltemperaturwert des Thermostaten 38 wirksam ist, während in den Räumen, in denen sich keine Person aufhält, der niedrigere Solltemperaturwert wirksam ist. Auf diese Weise werden die Räume, in denen sich Personen aufhalten, stärker beheizt und stärker belüftet als die übrigen Räume.The fan 36 generally runs at a constant speed and is not regulated. Therefore, the amount of fresh air sucked in through line 53 is constant and constant. This quantity of fresh air is predominantly distributed to those rooms in which people are staying, because the higher setpoint temperature value of the thermostat 38 is effective in these rooms is, while in rooms where there is no one, the lower target temperature value is effective. In this way, the rooms in which people are staying are heated and ventilated more than the other rooms.

Wenn eine bestimmte Anzahl von Luftmengen-Steuerorganen 37 in voll geöffnetem Zustand sind, zeigt dies. an, daß ein großer Wärmebedarf vorhanden ist. In diesem Fall wird über einen Motor 40 ein Ventil 41 geöffnet, wodurch veranlaßt wird, daß der Heizvorrichtung 34 eine größere Wärmemenge zugeführt wird. Hierdurch wird die Frischluft auf eine höhere Temperatur erwärmt, bis mindestens einige der vorher ganz geöffneten Luftmengen-Steuerorgane 37 wenigstens teilweise schließen. Der Zustand der vollständigen Öffnung der Luftmengen-Steuerorgane 37 wird jeweils durch einen Sensor 42 erkannt, der an einen den Motor 40 steuernden Regler 43 angeschlossen ist. Der Regler 43 erkennt, ob eine bestimmte Anzahl der angeschlossenen Luftmengen-Steuerorgane 37 sich in der maximalen öffnungsstellung befindet.If a certain number of air quantity control members 37 are in the fully open state, this shows. indicates that there is a great need for heat. In this case, a valve 41 is opened via a motor 40, which causes the heating device 34 to be supplied with a larger amount of heat. As a result, the fresh air is heated to a higher temperature until at least some of the previously fully opened air quantity control members 37 at least partially close. The state of the complete opening of the air quantity control members 37 is recognized by a sensor 42 which is connected to a controller 43 controlling the engine 40. The controller 43 recognizes whether a certain number of the connected air quantity control members 37 are in the maximum open position.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 5 werden dem Einlaß des Wärmetauschers 45 der Heizvorrichtung 44 der zurückgeführte Luftstrom 47 des Grundheizsystems und der über Leitung 53 angesaugte Frischluftstrom gleichermaßen zugeführt. Beide Luftmengen werden gemischt und von dem Gebläse 46 in konstanter und gleichbleibender Menge über Leitung 48 zu den verschiedenen Räumen R geleitet. Jeder Raum R weist einen Doppelbodenhohlraum 49 auf, also einen Hohlraum unterhalb des Fußbodens. Der Doppelbodenhohlraum 49 bildet den Grundheizkörper, der einerseits an die Leitung 48 angeschlossen ist, um Warmluft zu erhalten und andererseits an die Leitung 47, um die Luft nach Abgabe ihrer Wärme zu der Heizvorrichtung 44 zurückzuführen. An die Leitung 48 oder an den Einlaß des Doppelbodenhohlraums 49 ist in jedem Raum mindestens eine Zweigleitung 50 angeschlossen, die zu einem Luftmengen-Steuerorgan 37 führt, durch das hindurch ebenso wie bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 4 Luft in den Raum R geblasen wird. Die Luftmengen-Steuerorgane 37 sind in gleicher Weise von einem Thermostaten und einem Detektor 39 gesteuert, wie bei dem vorherigen Ausführungsbeispiel.In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the recirculated air flow 47 of the basic heating system and the fresh air flow sucked in via line 53 are fed equally to the inlet of the heat exchanger 45 to the heating device 44. Both air quantities are mixed and passed by the blower 46 in a constant and constant quantity via line 48 to the different rooms R. Each room R has a raised floor cavity 49, that is, a cavity below the floor. The double floor cavity 49 forms the basic radiator, which is connected on the one hand to line 48 to receive warm air and on the other hand to line 47 to return the air to the heating device 44 after its heat has been released. At least one branch line 50 is connected to the line 48 or to the inlet of the double floor cavity 49 in each room, which leads to an air quantity control member 37, through which air is blown into the room R, as in the embodiment of FIG. 4. The air quantity control members 37 are controlled in the same way by a thermostat and a detector 39 as in the previous embodiment.

Wenn zahlreiche Lüftmengen-Steuerorgane 37 geöffnet sind, was auf einen hohen Wärmebedarf in den angeschlossenen Räumen zurückzuführen ist: fällt der Druck in der Leitung 48 ab.Zur Ermittlung des Druckabfalls ist an die Leitung 48 ein Druckfühler 51 angesetzt, der über einen Regler 52 den Motor 40 zum Verstellen des Ventils'41 antreibt. Auf diese Weise wird bei größerem Wärmebedarf der Heizvorrichtung 44 über das Ventil 41 mehr Wärme zugeführt als bei niedrigem Wärmebedarf in den Räumen R. Die die Leitung 48 passierende Luftmenge ist unabhängig von dem Wärmebedarf konstant.When numerous ventilation quantity control members 37 are open, which can be attributed to a high heat requirement in the connected rooms: the pressure in the line 48 drops. To determine the pressure drop, a pressure sensor 51 is attached to the line 48, which controls the regulator 52 Motor 40 drives to adjust the valve '41. In this way, more heat is supplied to the heating device 44 via the valve 41 when the heat requirement is greater than when the heat requirement in the rooms R is low. The amount of air passing through the line 48 is constant regardless of the heat requirement.

Die den Räumen R durch die Luftmengen-Steuerorgane 37 zugeführte warme Frischluft entweicht aus den Räumen durch die üblichen Undichtigkeiten in Wänden, Fenstern und Türen.The warm fresh air supplied to the rooms R by the air quantity control members 37 escapes from the rooms through the usual leaks in walls, windows and doors.

Claims (9)

1. Heizungs- und Lüftungsanlage für eine Gebäudeeinheit mit mehreren Räumen, mit einem relativ trägen Grundheizsystem, insbesondere einer Wand- oder Fußbodenheizung, und einem Zusatzheizsystem in Form einer schnell regelbaren Luftheizung, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß a) das Zusatzheizsystem mit von außen geführter Frischluft gleichbleibender Menge gespeist wird, b) das Zusatzheizsystem für alle Räume Frischluft mit einer einheitlichen Temperatur zur Verfügung stellt,und c) jeder Raum mindestens ein Luftmengen-Steuerorgan zur Steuerung der Zufuhr beheizter Frischluft aufweist, das von einem Thermostaten gesteuert ist, der über einen beim Betreten des Raumes betätigbaren Schalter oder selbsttätig ansprechenden Detektor zwischen einem niedrigen ersten Solltemperaturwert und einem höheren zweiten Solltemperaturwert umschaltbar ist, und d) die Temperatur der Frischluft in Abhängigkeit von dem Gesamt-Luftbedarf mehrerer Räume gesteuert ist. 1. Heating and ventilation system for a building unit with several rooms, with a relatively slow basic heating system, in particular a wall or floor heating, and an additional heating system in the form of a quickly controllable air heating, characterized in that a) the additional heating system is supplied with a constant amount of fresh air from outside, b) the auxiliary heating system provides fresh air with a uniform temperature for all rooms, and c) each room has at least one air volume control element for controlling the supply of heated fresh air, which is controlled by a thermostat which can be switched between a low first set temperature value and a higher second set temperature value by means of a switch which can be actuated when the room is entered, or which operates automatically. and d) the temperature of the fresh air is controlled depending on the total air requirement of several rooms. 2. Heizungs- und Lüftungsanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Grundheizsystem ebenfalls eine Luftheizung ist, daß an einer einzigen Heizquelle der rücklaufende Luftstrom des Grundheizungssystems und Frischluft zugeführt werden und daß für jeden Raum die dem Luftmengen-Steuerorgan zugeführte Luftmenge von der dem Grundheizkörper dieses Raumes zugeführten Luftmenge abgezweigt wird.2. Heating and ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the basic heating system is also an air heater, that the returning air flow of the basic heating system and fresh air are supplied to a single heating source and that for each room the air volume control air supplied from the Basic radiator of this room is fed air volume. 3. Heizungs- und Lüftungsanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Grundheizsystem eine Hohlbodenheizung ist.3. Heating and ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the basic heating system is a hollow floor heating. 4. Heizungs- und Lüftungsanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Sensoren zur Ermittlung des gesamten momentanen Bedarfs sämtlicher Räume (R1 bis R4) an Warmluft vorgesehen sind, und daß die Sensoren eine Erhöhung der Warmlufttemperatur veranlassen, wenn mehr als eine vorgegegebene Anzahl von Luftmengen-Steuerorgane geöffnet sind.4. Heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that sensors for determining the total instantaneous requirement of all rooms (R1 to R4) of hot air are provided, and that the sensors cause an increase in the hot air temperature if more than a predetermined number of air volume control members are open. 5. Heizungs- und Lüftungsanlage nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sensoren Endschalter sind, die auf die öffnungsstellung der Luftaustrittsöffnungen ansprechen.5. Heating and ventilation system according to claim 4, characterized in that the sensors are limit switches which respond to the open position of the air outlet openings. 6. Heizungs- und Lüftungsanlage nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sensoren auf den Druck in dem Warmluft-Verteilersystem ansprechen.6. Heating and ventilation system according to claim 4, characterized in that the sensors respond to the pressure in the hot air distribution system. 7. Heizungs- und Lüftungsanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schalter zum Umschalten des Thermostaten durch Tür- und/oder Fensterkontakte gesteuert ist.7. Heating and ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch for switching the thermostat is controlled by door and / or window contacts. 8. Heizungs- und Lüftungsanlage nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Warmluftkanal des Zusatzheizsystems durch Öffnungen (30) mit dem Innern eines Hohlbodens verbunden ist.8. Heating and ventilation system according to claim 3, characterized in that a warm air duct of the additional heating system is connected through openings (30) to the inside of a hollow floor. 9. Heizungs- und Lüftungsanlage nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Raum (R3) über eine Abluftöffnung (31) mit dem Innern des Hohlbodens verbunden ist, wobei die Abluftöffnung im Abstand von einem die Luft aus dem Hohlboder ansaugenden Heizgerät (12) angeordnet ist.9. Heating and ventilation system according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one space (R3) is connected via an exhaust air opening (31) to the interior of the hollow floor, the exhaust air opening being at a distance from a heater (12) which sucks the air out of the hollow body ) is arranged.
EP82102724A 1981-04-02 1982-03-31 Installation for heating and ventilation Expired EP0062297B1 (en)

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DE3113285A1 (en) 1982-10-21
CA1177935A (en) 1984-11-13
DE3267362D1 (en) 1985-12-19
ATE16523T1 (en) 1985-11-15
US4410131A (en) 1983-10-18
EP0062297A3 (en) 1983-05-25
EP0062297B1 (en) 1985-11-13

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