Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
  • E04H12/18—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures movable or with movable sections, e.g. rotatable or telescopic

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a set of combinations of means and methods making it possible, automatically and instantaneously, to mount and deploy in a given direction, to fold up and dismantle, a structure which is at the same time the tower, the pylon, the beam, the ladder, the elevator or lift, the crane, the deployment by propulsion and the folding in the opposite direction automatically causing the assembly and disassembly.
• the family of devices to which it leads it is therefore located in the vast technical field of civil engineering: lifting, crossing, support, handling
• the present invention should make an important contribution to solving some of the many problems that arise daily in civil engineering.
• self-structure is a structure, which can reach a great length, in the form of a tower, beam or hollow and rigid pylon, which, from a disassembled position or space-saving retreat, mounts and deploys itself instantly, is self-constructed or self-structured in a way for a while.
• construction can be done either from one or the other of the ends of the structure, foot or head, or both at the same time, with in this case two generators, and the axis deployment that can be oriented in all directions using a base or suitable supports, such as a turret.
• the self-structure in this case, is a square tower deploying vertically upwards from a generator fixed on a fixed or mobile horizontal platform (vehicle with stabilizing crutches).
• the tower of square annular section, has its four faces composed of panels of the same dimensions, in the form of rectangular frames, assembled, on the same face, one after the other, and on the same section, against each other. , singing, at right angles, the two opposite even panels being offset by a half-length of panel relative to the two opposite odd panels, which allows, thanks to the particular shape of the longitudinal uprights of the panels, female front half having holes on its inner face, and male rear half with pegs protruding from its edge at locations coinciding with the holes, instant reciprocal interlocking and locking, as soon as the tower is pulled up and the panels are applied alternately, each in its place, by the device described below.
• the advantage of this system is that it does not include any fixing accessories, bolts, screws, rivets, pins or studs, to be placed at the time of assembly, therefore it does not require human intervention, and d 'be instant.
• transverse rigidity of the tower is ensured by a square end frame or collar, by the base guide system, and if necessary, for great heights, by transverse intermediate frames, retracted in some of the panels, deployable , automatic locking and folding, the longitudinal rigidity is ensured by itself, two successive even panels being always locked to a pair of adjacent odd side panels and vice versa, the end of the structure starting with two opposite male half-panels on which the female front halves of the first two panels are assembled.
• the generator so called because it generates the tower, has a height of about one and a half times the height of a panel and occupies on the ground a roughly square space having the length of the side two to three times that of the side of the tower. It includes, on a base, a supply-loading system, an assembly-guide system, a propulsion system. -
• the base consists of four beams embedded two to two at mid-thickness around others and two-thirds of their length to form a square frame having the length of the sides that of the sides of the tower.
• These four longitudinal members which have the width of the tower panels, support: at their four interior angles, the interior guidance system, at their four exterior angles, the exterior guidance system, on their eight extensions, the four loaders and eight struts, the base is itself fixed to the ground, on a horizontal platform, or on the platform of a vehicle fitted with crutches, and if necessary, it can be stabilized by loads.
• the assembly-guide system comprises, fixed vertically to the four interior angles of the base, four interior guide angles of a length of a panel-and-a-half, interconnected and stiffened, at their upper end, by a frame interior square; fixed vertically to the four external angles of the base, four external angle brackets, the same length as the previous ones, connected and stiffened, at their upper end, by an external square frame.
• These four pairs of angle brackets define a chamber open upwards, with a square annular section identical to that of the tower, limited at the bottom by the base and open on the four faces. It is the assembly-guide chamber, a sort of matrix where the successive panels will come together and lock to each other, at the base of the structure, before being pulled upwards by it.
• the four interior angle guides carry four pairs of retractable ejectors alternately two by two, responsible, during the dismantling, for "disassembling and ejecting alternately outwards, in the magazines, the pairs of opposite panels as soon as they are fully engaged in the assembly chamber, which becomes the dismantling chamber.
• the supply-loading system consists of four loaders each containing the number of panels required so that, placed end to end, they give at least the desired length of structure, or tower height.
• the panels of the four loaders are constantly pushed from the outside towards the inside, therefore applied to the previous panel of the tower under construction, by a system of pairs of springs or elastic bands attached, towards the outside. , to a movable pusher frame placed just behind the last panel, inwards, at the external guide angles or at the internal ends of the horizontal angles of the loader, and intended to automatically introduce a new panel into the assembly-guide chamber from that the previous panel was completely extracted by the advancement of the tower.
• the propulsion system of the structure with forward, reverse, braking and blocking, includes four drive shafts perpendicular to the axis of the structure, so here horizontal, encircling the four base panels, attached to the upper ends of the four external angle guides by eight bearings, meshing on each other at equal speed by four pairs of pinions / identical fixed angle at their ends, and meshing by four pairs of identical toothed wheels on the four pairs of uprights of the panels by means of racks arranged or fixed all along the external face of each of these vertical uprights, one of the four shafts is extended, at at least one of its ends, by a crank for manual drive or by a motive force receiver for mechanical drive, or by both.
• This collar also serves as an external guide for the base of the tower, and the strictly identical advancement of the four faces of the latter contributes to strengthening its guidance.
• the reduction in speeds from the engine corresponds to the speed of deployment and withdrawal desired, this speed may be regular and the movement continuous or marked with stops, the change from forward or deployment to reverse or withdrawal may be instantaneous.
• the interior and exterior angle brackets are equipped, at each angle, with a pair of rollers.
• the inner guide rollers are placed at the upper end of the inner guide angles, at the height of the drive sprockets, while the outer guide rollers are placed just above the upper edge of the loaders, in order to facilitate the entry of the panels into the assembly-guide chamber and, when folded, their re-entry into the loaders.
• the head of the structure that is to say two opposite male half-panels capped by the female front halves of two opposite panels, all four joined by an end collar, remains engaged in the generator head, flush with it, resting with rubber stops on top of the inner guide system.
• the generator therefore remains primed, and charged if the four chargers are filled and in place, therefore ready for an instant start of the deployment of the structure.
• the end collar triggers a switch placed just above the rubber rest stops and at the same time puts the drive system in the forward operating position, thus made ready for contact delivery.
• another switch placed on one of the internal guide angles, at a height of about one panel from the base is triggered as soon as it is no longer compressed by one of the assembled panels , therefore just after passing the base of the last panel out of the corresponding charger, simultaneously causing the reverse position of the drive system and the entry into action of the locking braking system, (which will unlock automatically from the fallback maneuver).
• This stop system also constitutes security in the event that, for any reason, a panel has not been introduced or assembled in the assembly-guide chamber, causing a break in continuity of the structure at its base, and a risk of accident.
• the size of the folded self-structure is therefore exactly that of its generator, that is to say a relatively very reduced volume.
• the footprint is roughly a square two to three times that of the cross section of the structure, and even less than one and a half times in some cases, with thin and elongated panels.
• the footprint in the deployed position is the same, except when it is necessary, for relatively large heights, to make an additional shoring by collar and struts or shrouds. For moving to the use position, it's the same grip / can only previously, but it can be reduced to the strict influence of chargers if the vehicle platform on which the base is fixed is itself stabilized by crutches.
• a generator capable of deploying at a height of 15 m in 15 seconds, that is to say at a speed of 1 meter / second, a square tower with a side of 1 m formed of four times ten panels of 1.5 m high, 1 m wide and 7 cm thick, will occupy a square 2.4 m on the ground and be no more than 2.25 m high.
• T he normal deployment position of the self-structure is the vertical position from bottom to top. But it can also work in an inverted vertical position, upside down, fixed to the ground or on a vehicle or propped up, the generator, pedestal at the top, hoisting itself on the structure and becoming lighter as it unfolds. In this inverted position, the hollow interior of the generator, appropriately arranged, serves as a nacelle and its base of lifting or working platform.
• the part already deployed is stationary, fixed by its head, which allows in an emergency, fire in a very high building for example, to use it immediately, thanks to the lateral or interior elevators described below, to stow it to the facade of the building by folding it towards the windows of the latter, at different heights, the lashing arms and access gangways retracted into the panels.
• the structure deploys downward in a vacuum or underwater, there is a practical, safe and rapid means of descending into wells, gou ⁇ fres, gorges or underwater, with a watertight head cell if necessary, to work there in a stable manner, to ascend either by folding the structure either using the exterior or interior side risers.
• the invention moreover offers these same possibilities of normal or inverted deployment in any direction, provided, of course, that the base or the head are fixed on an all-round support, with a gimbal for example, and that the appropriate support and hau ⁇ banning system.
• Two or more folded self-structures can be placed and fixed one above the other, in normal or inverted position, and deploy successively or simultaneously, which gives great flexibility in adjusting the levels of the different levels of an inverted structure , by simply adjusting the deployment of a self-structure placed at the base in the normal position.
• the cross sections of these superimposed structures can be equal or different as required, generally smaller for those at the top than for those at the bottom.
• a single section size has the advantage of allowing the risers to slide from top to bottom on the walls and to facilitate the removal of the upper or intermediate generators in order to strip the structure if necessary.
• a chassis of desired shape (simple plate, prism, cube, tetrahedron, other polyhedron), fixed or on pivot or gimbals, carrying on its faces other second generation self-structures in normal or inverted position and preferably with smaller module, hence the name of multiple head, capable of generating a third generation etc, the forms being able to be the most diverse and the result is a complex architecture, open or closed, symmetrical as much as possible for reasons of balance, which can be linked to other similar similar architectures.
• the racks or series of equidistant holes fixed or mena ⁇ ged during manufacture throughout the longitudinal uprights of the panels, and which first serve to propel and deploy the structure, but which may exist only on two opposite sides of the structure if the drive system of the thruster is simplified, are provided with parallel profiled edges, with cross-section for example, serving as guides on which the rollers or rollers integral with the supports of the toothed wheels driving a forklift or lift capable of moving vertically in both directions can be slid, securely held to the wall.
• using an independent propellant whose two cogwheels mesh on the two racks or a cable system, pulley, winch, controlled either from the base or from the top, or from the freight elevator itself.
• the structure then serves as a support tower and guide for these hoists.
• the four joined together, actuated in a synchronized way, can raise considerable loads assembled on the ground or lower them.
• these four freight elevators can easily supply panels to the four chargers of the generator, and when dismantling their evacuation, in order to avoid overloading the device.
• the generator's propellant collar especially if it is attached to the guidance system by a quick-lock device, can be easily unlocked and used as a two-way elevator before being put back in place for the fallback, even in the inverted position. It is sufficient to stabilize the base of the structure beforehand, as indicated below for removing the generator.
• the inner faces of the longitudinal uprights of the structure can also carry the same rim flanges as the outer faces, if possible at the same spacings, allowing the same elevators or elevators to slide inside the tower, to get there at the desired height and if necessary to support the generator thruster, which will then be inside instead of being outside, the inner guide rollers passing on the contrary outside,
• This latter formula has the advantage, for light and simplified, for example an extendable and mobile interior scaffolding, makes it possible, with only two opposite pairs of internal racks, to deploy the structure from the nacelle, in an inverted position, using a crank or pedals actuating two pairs of opposite toothed wheels meshing one on the other.
• these freight elevators can also be used to supply materials, from the interior, therefore sheltered, the different floors of a building under construction, since the self-structure, compact, can be deployed easily in the cage reserved for the staircase or for the future elevator, and also fold up when the time comes.
• the panels instead of being separated and supplied in loaders where they are pressed against each other parallel to the axis of the structure, thus occupying the minimum of space, can be connected and articulated one after the other like a chain of which they would be the links, square or rectangular, closed or open in U, the four chains corresponding to the four sides of the structure being wound on four coils horizontal axis located in place of the char ⁇ geurs, but more bulky than these, therefore more spaced from the axis of the generator. If necessary, to reduce the lateral dimensions, it is possible, if there is space under the base, to place the opposite coils there in pairs. The winding can be all the tighter, therefore less bulky, as the links are shorter and, proportionally, wider.
• These coils can be provided with return springs (spiral for example), tending to fold the structure and relaxing to facilitate lo deployment by reducing the effort required. This effort can even be zero or negative with fairly strong springs.
• the structure then deploys on its own as soon as the springs are released.
• the amounts of the links play the same role as those of the panels. Like them, they are offset by half a length each with respect to the two adjacent links and have the same shape and the same alternative reciprocal locking system, which comes into play as soon as the chains, pulled by the propeller, bring the pairs of alternately opposite links under the outer guide collar, which, from the oblique access position, flaps them into the assembly chamber where they extend the deployed structure by one link; the withdrawal is done in the same way by reverse command.
• each link is hooked to the one which precedes it only at the time of assembly and when it is presented at an angle, the female jaw of the hinge does letting in the male jaw which carries a flat only in this inclined position and locking it when the two links are in the same plane, assembled in the structure.
• the chain can become a semi-rigid ribbon, that is to say rigid transversely and articulated lengthwise, like a rolling shutter, the edges of which carry similar reciprocal assembly-locking segments. to those of the uprights of the panels or links of the previous cases, but as short as possible, in order to facilitate winding on the coil, the limit approaching a kind of zipper at right angles.
• the chain links fold in an accordion, the hinges with an opening limited to 180o being alternated on the same chain and in the same cross section of the structure (two even external hinges and two hinges odd internal links, two successive links of the same chain being alternately male and female, each female link, at the head, covering the two adjacent male links and automatically pressing in the assembly-guide chamber, when it reaches the guide rollers , the next male link, which will be immediately capped by the two adjacent female links.
• transverse rigidity of the structure is already ensured by its end collar and by the generator guidance system, which will generally be sufficient. If it is necessary to reinforce it, certain panels or links, spaced as needed, can be fitted in advance with retractable transverse stiffeners, with automatic deployment at right angles, placed vertically in the interior volume delimited by the four uprights , of a length equal to the side of the square section of the structure, articulated on the lower transverse uprights, folding themselves at right angles to the deployment to be locked, by suitable hooks, on the lower upright of the pan ⁇ opposite ring or link, which can form, if they are full, a floor floor, and rising by retracting the fold when they come up against the head, fitted for this purpose, of the generator guidance system.
• the fixing and locking mode is suitable and the transverse stiffening flap, itself semi-rigid, folds against the strip and is wound with it on the spool.
• a structure in the form of a square or rectangular tower it is possible systematically to equip, during construction, all or part of the panels, with the desired dimensions, with a set of flaps retracted in the thickness of the panel, folding more or automatically poins, inward or outward or both, during deployment or after, allowing to have in a few moments, on each floor of the structure, internally or externally or both, platforms, a closed cell, various accessories either for work, or for temporary accommodation, or for storage.
• the faces of the uprights of the panels or links in contact with the assembly can be provided with elastic seals which become watertight under the pressure of the locking, allowing, if the panels themselves and the end of the structure are watertight on all their surface, while being transparent if necessary, to obtain inside it a sealed volume, deployable and foldable automatically in a liquid or gaseous medium, if necessary all-round, with possibly men inside, and, retracted into its walls, but deployable outside or inside, various devices or accessories.
• Some of these accessories which can be deployed outside could even be small propeller or reaction propellers making it possible to orient the structure or to give it a small autonomy of movement, and even of deployment and folding.
• the panels can also carry, on their outer edges, a hole or a ring or a hook not projecting for the possible fixing of stabilizing shrouds, placed in such a way that they do not interfere with the sliding of the lateral risers, and on their uprights some holes, at corresponding heights, for possible assembly.
• a suitable lateral lift can mount on the wall opposite the arrow, connect, by means of an upper thruster, to the lower racks of the boom, in a few moments, move there and descend in the same way, including on the other pillar if it is a gantry, without transshipment of materials , tools or people, the second pillar of the gantry can be deployed from a fixed self-structure, in normal or inverted vertical position, under the end of the boom of the crane, itself balanced by another self- deployed structure.
• the section of the structure may no longer be a square or a rectangle but a triangle (preferably equilateral); the panels or links of each of the three faces are then offset, not more than half a length, but by a third of the panel length on one side and by two thirds on the other, relative to the panels or links adjacent.
• Each panel or link therefore has, for example on the left, a two-thirds female upright covering the two-thirds male of the left-hand panel upright, on the right, a one-third montamt female covering the male third of the upright of the right panel, and so on, the transverse triangulation ensuring of itself the stiffening.
• This formula is more complicated and presents fewer possibilities than the previous one.
• the locking is not done as clearly as with four faces, because the right angle becomes slightly open. If you need a triangular section, you can get it more easily by the binary formula explained below.
• the structure When a rectangular cross-sectional structure becomes flattened to the point that two of the four opposite panels or raillons are each reduced to a single spar having a front styling and locking female half, and a male styling and locking rear half, the structure takes the form of a double ladder with two closely related elements, which can be useful in some cases.
• the structure no longer has four or three but only two series or chains of panels or caillons, offset by a length, connected and articulated by hinges (or half-hinges) , located on their outer faces, their inner faces or contact faces carrying, at the front end, one (or two depending on the shape of the section
• the structures obtained can have the most varied shapes of sections depending on the shape of the panels or links and the problem of transverse stiffening no longer arises.
• a triangular section with a flat panel and a V a square or rectangle with two angles or two U, a section circular with two half cylinders, etc.
• the structure comprises only one line of elements, connected and articulated in chain or half-chain, wound on a coil or folded in accordion or placed side by side in a charger. It is powered by one of the systems described above and guided by at least two opposite rollers (which can be propellants at the same time), fixed at the top of the generator.
• the front edge of the panel or link carries a male (or female) spring bolt, and the rear edge a complementary female (or male) lock.
• the hinges therefore, on the opposite side, the latches, are alternately on one side and the other.
• the panels or links When deployed, the panels or links, which are in an oblique position with the lock open, are folded down by the guide rollers in the axis of the structure, closing the spring lock.
• the guide rollers or stops
• the guide rollers by pressing in passing on the male point of the lock (or on the female part if it is the spring), releases this lock, immediately allowing the opening of the hinge and the retraction of the link in the coil or the charger.
• the generator can be simplified and include a spring ensuring or facilitating deployment, the withdrawal being made by simple compression.
• a vertical self-structure in normal or inverted position, carrying, at its end, a multiple head comprising two opposite horizontal self-structures, in normal or inverted position, and a vertical self-structure underlying the shrouds of the two arrows.
• the two arrows which result are very easily balanced, even when loaded on a winch, by sliding reduced by half. Their support for long spans can be ensured by a triangulation system: sliding collars with rollers, fixed at the end of brackets, struts or guy wires hung on the tower.
• the generator of the sliding boom can be removed for the duration of the crane operation and replaced for folding and the tower base can be pivoted.
• a crane is thus obtained with only two self-structures.
• the generator of the self-structure can be constructed so that, thanks to a quick locking system, it can be easily assembled and disassembled if it is to be removed to lighten and strip the end of the deployed structure.
• the two female end half-panels and the terminal rai ⁇ dissage collar on which the structure, fixed or supported on the ground will be placed. We will do the opposite to replace the generator in order to fold the structure.
• the generator can also be constructed in such a way that one of its four faces, mounted with latches and hinges, can open by pivoting 90 °, thus allowing the said generator to be built around a mast, a pylon, a tree, a factory chimney, a pipe ..., then close it very easily and depicy the structure around the pre-existing construction, in order to easily carry out work or dismantle it, for example, the reverse operation also making it easy to fold in and out.
• the hollow interior of the structure, fitted out if necessary, favors such an operation. While remaining within the scope of the invention, there are variants concerning the mode of propulsion.
• the alternative reciprocal locking of the panels can be reinforced, if necessary, in various ways, in particular by systems of the type described above for structures with two chains or with a chain, or by movable locks actuated at the outward and return passages by stops of the guidance system.
• the locking of the female front part of the panel can be reinforced by a slight embedding of its front transverse upright under a slight rim of the rear transverse upright of the previous panel, favored by a bevelled shape of the entries of the holes and the ends of the connecting studs.
• FIG. 1 shows a front view of the example described above: square section tower with normal vertical deployment;
• - Figure 5 (and 4) shows in plan the method of assembly of the panels; - Figure 5 shows in perspective two panels, even and odd;
• FIG. 7 shows from the front (cu in profile), an inner angle-guide with its guide rollers and its ejectors;
• FIG. 10 shows the front ejector (and profile) on its angle
• FIG. 12 and 13 show in profile and cross section, an example of a toothed wheel meshing on a rack, with retaining rollers on the wall;
• - Figure 14 shows another model of panel
• - Figure 15 shows yet another model, in bent tubes
• FIG. 19 shows schematically another form of amount or border of amount half male half female
• FIG. 25 shows in profile the detail of a semi-chain joint - Figure 24 shows from the front (or profile), a model with folding accordion chains;
• FIG. 25 shows a front view (or profile) and in plan, a model with chains wound on reels
• FIG. 26 shows a front view (or side view), and in plan, a model with ribbons wound on coils placed under the generator;
• FIG. 27 shows, in longitudinal section, a square tower with internal stiffener and lashing arm
• - Figure 28 shows, in longitudinal section, a stiffener inside a tower formed of ribbons or lamellar chains;
• - Figure 29 shows, from the front, a crane composed of several flash self-structures.
• FIG. 30 shows two types of nacelle, one with a platform
• - Figure 31 shows, on a crane tower, a head with multiple folded self-structures and a sliding beam;
• - Figure 32 shows a multiple head model with reduced lateral dimensions;
• FIG. 33 shows the articulation of the elements in the case of a tower with triangular cross section
• - Figure 35 gives an overview of the multiple forms of tower sections that can be achieved with two opposite panels reduced to two locking beams;
• - Figure 36 shows the principle of instantaneous automatic assembly by reciprocal locking of only two chains (or two semi-chains) of elements;
• - Figure 37 shows the same principle applied to the vertical securing of a chain to a wall carrying fixing points;
• - Figure 38 shows the principle of instantaneous automatic stiffening-assembly of a single chain of elements;
• FIG. 39 shows the assembly of four chargers into a generator and- 'their disassembled position for transport
• FIG. 40 shows a generator in the open position for installation around a mast or the like
• FIG. 41 shows one of the four loaders carrying the quarter (foldable), external guide and drive elements
• FIG. 42 and 43 show, from the front and in plan, a propulsion or elevation system with flexible rods pinched and stiffened in the uprights, avoiding the racks;
• - Figure 45 shows a four-sided self-structure, no longer straight but curvilinear
• - Figure 46 shows a two-sided self-structure or two chains no longer straight but curvilinear
• the end collar 1 is square, fixed to the ends of the panels, and has the dimensions of the cross section of the tower.
• the two end half-rings are male, to be capped by the female halves of the first two adjacent whole panels.
• the panels, even or odd, are all similar, which facilitates serial construction by the most economical methods, molding or stamping for example.
• Figure 5 shows two in perspective. To facilitate assembly by fitting at 90 °, the end of the pins 9 is rounded and the entry of the holes 10 is milled. The studs and holes may not pass through the thickness of the panel.
• FIG. 6 shows the alternation of the male 6 and female 7 halves of the successive panels on the same face and FIG. 5 their offset half a length from adjacent panels. The panels are flat, without protrusion at least on one side to facilitate sliding one against the other without hooking.
• the vertical uprights assembled form an angle.
• the panels can be full, and if they are in the form of frames as in this example, they can obviously be reinforced, if necessary, by brackets or triangulated by cross-braces on one or two diagonals or half-diagonals, but we has not shown here these reinforcements so as not to weigh down the sketches.
• the racks 8 are here simple aligned and equidistant holes, with the dimensions of the pinions; their interval is contained an integer number of times in the length of the panel, the extreme holes being at half an interval from the edge, in order to ensure the continuity of the meshing from one panel to another.
• the eight longitudinal members 26 appear in plan in FIG. 2, and partially, from the front, (or in profile since the four faces are similar), in FIG. 1, delimiting a square with the transverse dimensions of the tower and the base thereof. .
• the propulsion system appears in FIGS. 1 and 2 with its four shafts 15, (at the same time forming an outer square guide collar), crossing the eight wings of the four outer guide angles 13 on eight bearings 16.
• These four shafts 15 carry at their eight ends the four pairs of identical angle pinions 17, and, inside the bearings, the four pairs of toothed wheels 18 meshing on the four pairs of racks of the panels, therefore at the same spacing.
• One of the four shafts is extended at one end by a motive force receiver 19 articulated by a gimbal, or by a crank or by both (one at each end).
• an M motor can be placed directly on one of the shafts, fixed to the external angles by a support, this motor being provided with the desired devices: variator, inverter, brake, blocking, circuit breaker ...
• Figure 1 appear the lower collar 20 for outer guide, with the shaft and the two rollers on one of its four sides, and four of the eight struts 21 supporting the structure.
• the two figures 1 and 2 show the sixteen angles 22 constituting the four chargers, with the external dimensions of the panels 23 which they frame in a vertical position. These sixteen angles are joined four to four at their outer ends by a rectangular frame 24, while their inner ends are fixed to the outer guide angles which they extend in a way. In Figure 1 appear, hooked directly to the last panel (the push panel has not been figured so as not to hide this
• FIGS 7 to 10 show in more detail the hidden parts, not visible in Figures 1 and 2.
• FIG. 7 represents from the front (or in profile), an interior angle guide 11 fixed at the bottom on the side members 26 of the base, on which are applied two panels 3 and 4 assembled at 50 ° and a panel 5 in the course of "disassembly" and d 'ejection.
• the ends of these panels are bevelled, internally for the female end, exté ⁇ rieurement for the male end, in order to facilitate ejection by the wedge effect of the upper panel which rests on the fold on the lower panel.
• FIG. 8 The inner guide rollers 28 fixed at the top of the angle iron, slightly offset so as not to interfere with each other, are shown in more detail in FIG. 8. They are flush with the outer face and barely open it.
• Figures 9 and 10 illustrate the ejection system 29.
• a notch perpendicular to the edge of the angle 11 pivots about an axis 30 parallel to the inner edge and fixed on the latter, a tongue 31 in two symmetrical wings with a shape such that, when one of its wings is retracted into one of the faces of the angle iron, the other makes, on the second face, a projection of approximately the thickness of a panel and alternately.
• This tongue raises by exiting a flap 32 articulated at 33 in the thickness of the angle iron or just behind, flap which pushes the panel 5 outwards and ejects it from the studs of the two adjacent panels and from the assembly chamber.
• the release of the tongue (and the lifting of the flap) is caused by the retraction or the retraction of the other wing of said tongue under the thrust of the base 34 of the adjacent panel on the corresponding flap which also retracts under this pressure.
• the base of the adjacent panel 4 in fact arrives at the level of the ejector, located halfway up the panel of the base, just when the panel 5 touches the base and is exactly opposite the inlet of the charger where it is pushed, releasing the "disassembly" chamber where the next panel 3 immediately penetrates. After folding back half a length, the panel 3 in turn compresses the flap 32 of the ejector, which causes the flap 35 to lift and eject the panel 4 fully lowered and so on.
• FIG. 11 gives two models, among other possible, of rack support profiles, with external or internal wings for retaining the integral rollers, of the chassis carrying the drive wheel of an elevator or of a propellant.
• Figures 12 and 13 show two sections, one longitudinal
• Figures 14 to 19 show other, non-limiting forms of assembly of panels that are simple to build, the choice often depending on the use or expected functions of the tower, and its panels, which can be solid or in shape frames, tubular or angle or U, while retaining the advantages of instantaneous automatic locking, preferably reciprocal alternating.
• Figures 14 and 17 apply rather to wooden panels, Figures 15 and 18 rather to tubes, Figure 16 to angles or sheets with stamped edges in angles, the bottom five diagrams showing sheets at the edges sheared in open tongues alternately on one side or the other to play the role of a V or U coif ⁇ fant the edges of the adjacent panels.
• Figure 19 shows schematically an amount with a female half and the other half which appears female but which plays the male role because oriented in the other direction, (the same in 14 and 15 a).
• Figure 20 shows a succession of panels: in a, closed in squares; at b, open at U; at c, open at H, but the amounts of which are assembled as previously seen.
• FIG. 21 shows the succession of these same elements, but connected and articulated in chalnes, therefore winding up when folded up on reel-chargers, or folding and stacking in accordion, with advantages and disadvantages in each formula.
• FIG. 22 shows a normal half-length offset of the panels of a chain with respect to those adjacent, offset of the transverse uprights which can be troublesome for certain uses of the structure; in b, the absence of this offset thanks to the use, on two opposite chains, of panels or links in H.
• Figure 23 shows a diagram of the device also designated by the name of semi-chain.
• the links separated at the fold to be stored contiguously, in an easier and less bulky way, hang on to each other during assembly, each inclined link 41 (fig. 23 a), sliding on the previous 42 until that its two hooks 43 or female hinges, with cylindrical interior, hook the corresponding flats or male hinges 44 of the transverse upright of said previous link.
• the link 41 by its own weight and pushed if necessary by the guide rollers45, then pivots around the male axis and is articulated therein a real hinge, which can only be dismantled when folded in an oblique position close to that of entry, determined by guides or stops.
• Figure 24 shows the folding mode of accordion chains, such as perforated bands, with joints limited to 180 ° alternately on each chain and from one chain to the two adjacent chains.
• Figure 25 shows, from the front and in plan, the device model with chains wound on four coils fixed on the base outside the structure's footprint, which can sometimes be too bulky.
• Figure 26 shows, from the front and in plan, another arrangement of the coils, fixed in pairs inside the right-of-way of the structure.
• This formula especially advantageous with wide chains with short links of the roller shutter or easily winding ribbon type, reduces the space requirement on the ground but increases the height of the generator.
• Figure 27 shows, in its three positions 1, 2, 3. a retractable intermediate stiffening flap, and in its three positions 1, 2, 3, a retractable lashing arm, (which can be a gangway or both the time), fixing itself for example in the doorway of a window of a very high building, either, manually, or automatically, the contact of the end of the arm on the threshold of the window triggering the exit of the two locks lateral.
• FIG. 28 shows, in its three positions 1, 2, 3, an intermediate stiffening flap in a tower with walls of the ribbon or rolling shutter type, with its spring 49, this flap, flexible at least in one direction, detaching at folded back and wound up, pressed against the wall, on the reel.
• 29 represents, in a, a simple end nacelle, inside the last stage of a tower, in b, a nacelle combined with a platform, the latter possibly being much wider and constituting a mobile scaffolding.
• This same kind of device can be used on the base of a self-structure in an inverted position, the nacelle then being located inside the hollow base of the generator.
• FIG. 30 represents a tower 51 deployed vertically, carrying two similar self-structures 52 and 53 deployed horizontally in the form of crane jibs, which could either be fixed, in the folded position, by the tower, on the ground, before full deployment and lifted by it, or mounted afterwards, at the desired height, by a forklift or lifting collar meshing with the racks of the tower.
• These two horizontal structures can also be fixed as well, in an inverted position, to the tower, which can itself rest on the ground in an inverted position.
• Figure 31a shows a multiple head with four similar folded self-structures 61, 62, 63, 64, mounted on four sides of a cube (the other two, opposite, in plan, were not brought here for more clarity of the diagram), the inverted self-structure 61, partially expanded, was used to raise the assembly.
• the horizontal self-structure 64 itself carries at its end 5 folded tertiary self-structures, twice as small.
• FIG. 31 b shows a horizontal structure 65 stripped of its generator, sliding stravers the stage formed by two opposite side panels of the tower 61, at the precise height where its generator has been hoisted by an elevator along the tower 61.
• This structure is supported by brackets or by struts66 and stay cables67 with bearing ends of rollers rolling behind the rails of the racks. Its sliding, which makes it possible to balance loads under one or the other of the sides of the boom by a displacement of this one reduced by approximately half, is ensured by a propellant fixed on the tower and meshing on the racks .
• the goods lift63 can slide under the boom thanks to a propellant 69 and be connected to the tower by another propellant 70.
• Figure 52 shows, at the top of a tower, a multiple head with three similar self-structures, one vertical and two horizontal, placed base to base to reduce as much as possible the lateral dimensions in the folded position.
• FIG. 33 a shows a front view of the three chains of panels of a self-structure with a triangular cross section, open flat.
• the rectangular panels are all identical (two thirds female and one third male on the right edge, the reverse on the left), but each is. asymmetrical and offset by one third in length from the adjacent panel on the right and by two thirds in length from that on the left.
• the locking system is that described above, that is to say reciprocal, but ternary, therefore in a spiral, and no longer alternating in pairs.
• FIG. 33 b shows in plan the panels of the three chains, with uprights in simple angles
• FIG. 33 c shows in perspective the three chains assembled, with the male and female parts of each panel marked respectively with the letter M or F
• Figure 33 d shows in plan this assembly and shows that the locking is not as clear as in the quaternary system above.
• Figure 34 shows how one can obtain, from four chains of panels or links, structures with convex or concave or circular polygonal sections: 34 a, regular octagon from a square; 34 b, regular hexagon from a rectangle; 34 c, circle from a square (or rectangles); 34 d, oroix or X from a square or rectangle. Only the shape of the panel and the thruster guide and transmission collars need to be modified.
• FIG. 35 illustrates a whole series of other possibilities for cross sections of structures, when two opposite panels become narrow enough to turn into side members, male halves capped, female halves covering the other two opposite panels, which become contiguous; the shapes of one or both of them can be such as to obtain: in 35 a, a kind of double ladder with two flat panels; at 35 b, a triangular section with a flat panel and a V panel; in 35 c, a square with two V-shaped panels; at 35 d, a circle with two semi-cylindrical panels; in 35 e, a trapezoid with a flat panel and an open U-shaped; in 35 f, an open H with two opposite open U panels.
• Figure 36 a represents a self-structure of binary type, that is to say with two chains 71 and 72 (or semi-chains), of links or panels offset by half a length relative to each other. Each of these is connected and articulated on the previous one by a hinge73 located on its outer face.
• Figure 36b gives two cross sections of the structure: one according to AB, which, inverted, becomes CD, the other where the two uprights are disjoined to show the two parts, male and female of the lock.
• Figure 57a shows a variant where a single chain deploys upwards under the thrust of a thruster and comes to lock against a wall on rings or pegs fixed in advance at a panel length apart.
• This structure preferably fitted with racks, one possible shape of which is shown in section fig. 37b, apart from being the support of a freight elevator or a simple ladder with instant deployment and stowage (or withdrawal) over a great height.
• FIG. 38 illustrates another possibility of the invention with a single chain of panels or links, still towed and channeled by the propulsion and guidance systems of the generator, the locking being done automatically as soon as the panel 84 is folded over the panel 83 around the hinge 85, by a simple spring lock 86 or 87 fixed either outside on 38 a, or inside on 38 b.
• unlocking is also automatic and instantaneous as soon as the bevelled or rounded point of the lock 87 passes over the guide roller which compresses it, or as soon as the wing of the lock 86 passes over a stop which lifts it.
• Figure 39a shows in plan how gold can, without a base extending beyond the base of the structure, solidly frame the generator by the simple square junction (for example around the end collar 88 of the base), of the 4 chargers 91 , 92, 93, 94, locked at their angles and triangulated on the outside by arms 89.
• Figure 39b shows in plan how these four disjointed char ⁇ geurs can be barely moved, (and this easily if they are on rails or rollers), to reduce, in folded-up position for transport, their lateral dimensions to the width of the platform of a vehicle: it suffices to slightly spread the loaders 91 and 95 and to push the loaders 92 and 94 against each other, and vice versa to put it in the service position.
• FIG. 40 illustrates in plan how one can open the generator by riveting one of its four chargers 91, to embed it around a pre-existing construction95, (tower, pylon, mast, tree, factory chimney, large pipe ...), on which we want to work: just close this charger91, which carries a quarter or one side 2 of the drive-propulsion systems and the end collar, to be able to deploy the self-structure, the reverse operation allowing the release.
• a pre-existing construction95 tower, pylon, mast, tree, factory chimney, large pipe
• this charger91 which carries a quarter or one side 2 of the drive-propulsion systems and the end collar, to be able to deploy the self-structure, the reverse operation allowing the release.
• Figure 41 shows how a quarter or one side of the propulsion guidance systems96 fixed above a loader93 can fold up to form with the latter a compact block93 'even comprising a quarter of the shoring system if the side faces of the loader are triangulated by struts 90.
• Figure 42 shows, from the front, another propulsion system of the structure according to the invention, allowing, if one does not need racks after deployment, to remove them, as well as the propulsion collar.
• the end frame 97 of the square tower is lifted from below at its angles and symmetrically (diagonally in this case), appeared ends 58 of two steel rods 99 (here two ribbons), flexible enough to wind on two coils 100 fixed vertically on a frame diagonal from the base of the generator.
• These two coils mesh with each other by their toothed edges, themselves driven by a small toothed wheel 101 connected to a power take-off (motor, pedals, crank), fitted with conventional braking, blocking, reversing systems. ...
• Each coil is sheathed with a rigid cylinder responsible for containing the expansion of the steel tape, the end of which is fixed to the axis of the coil.
• the ribbon 3 leaves the reel tangent-tially upwards through the channel of a flattened and rigid vertical sheath 8, with a length of approximately half a panel.
• the sheath 132 and the ribbon which it contains are first capped by a post 103 of the male rear half in II of the first panels, which, after advancing by half a length , is in turn capped by an upright 104 of the female front half, also in U, of the adjacent panels.
• the steel strip 99 is therefore wedged diagonally, fig. 44 a, by these two U at 90 ° 105 and 106 which form a closed tube 107. In the fall, it is the reverse process.
• the drive of the cylinders in the other direction causes the winding of the ribbon which stretches, aided by the weighing of the weight of the structure which folds and disassembles, automatically releasing the ribbon when it enters its sheath and on the spool .
• a pair of diagonal rods can be replaced by a single rod or by two on the same side, but the guide is unbalanced and must be reinforced, or by four rods on two opposite sides (fig. 44 b and c).
• FIG. 45 a illustrates from the front an example of self-structure according to the invention generating a tower or beam with a curvilinear axis and square section as shown in diagram 45 b of the plan view of the generator.
• the opposite side pairs 112 and 114 are trapeziums symmetrical with respect to the axial plane which is parallel to them.
• the opposite odd panels 111 and 113 are unequal, rectangular and in a very open V, concave on the inside, convex on the outside, the principle of automatic locking remaining the same, with the various possible variants indicated above.
• the loaders and the guidance are adapted and the propulsion can be done by one of the systems described above: symmetrical push rods or racks or any other means.
• Such a regular polygonal structure can close in on itself or oppose its ridge and connect to another similar forming a vault, or straighten with rectilinear segments, or reverse in S or zig-zag, according to the alternation of the panels or mail ⁇ Ions introduced in the chargers, the principle always remaining the same.
• the shapes can be reversed, the odd panels 111 and 113 remaining rectangular and uneven but flat, the bases of the even trapezoidal side panels becoming one convex, the other concave.
• the axis of the structure becomes circular, its cross section being able to be square or become a circle, or take intermediate or different forms, the possibilities of changes of directions of the axis remaining the same as above.
• FIG. 46 a shows another possibility of regular polygonal development, which can also be circular or other, from a binary structure of the type described above, the straight elements being here external and the internal concave elements, the connection and the articulation being made here in sei-chains by hinged hooks
• Figures 46 b and c show in plan the top of the structure and the series of elements. (The generator has not been worn). Such non-rectilinear structures can also be produced with a single chain of elements, propelled, guided, locked, loaded by one of the means described above, in a suitable generator.
• FIG. 47 a represents, from the front, a rectilinear structure no longer prismatic like the previous ones, but pyramidal, with square base for example, in the genre of pylons for power lines.
• a suitable generator in particular as regards the propulsion guidance system and the loaders, the panels being locked by one of the means indicated above. , preferably reciprocal alternating as in the square tower described at the beginning, and if possible with a double locking ensured, for example, by a lug of the female top of each amount passing under the male base of the preceding amount, already capped and locked by the adjacent panels.
• the pylon head truncated here after only five panels, always begins with two half-male panels and its base ends with two half-female panels. Due to the regular increase in the section of the structure (if working in the normal position), and the height of the panels if they are constructed by similarity, or the progressive reduction of these dimensions if the working in the inverted position, the guide and propulsion collars must be extendable vertically and laterally, which is possible by various known means. But a more practical solution can consist in developing, in the axis of the pyramid, a simpler and lighter structure of the kind of those described above, which raises from below, from inside, the head of the structure and causes assembly using a suitable guidance system.
• the rational layout of the panels can be done geometrically, by similarity, when we have given the base and the height of the pyramid and the height of the first panel, (here equal to the side of the square base), by the layout of the diagonals successive, which determine the junction of the panels, one can also, (fig. 7 b), geometrically trace the width of the uprights of all the panels, in such a way that they cut out and are inscribed in a single trapezoidal flat panel of base, by successive projections of the vertices of the trapezoids on the diagonals, which determine the bases of the following panels.
• This route, valid for two opposite chains, is re ire for the two other opposite chains, with an offset equal to the height of the point of intersection of the diagonals above the base. If this layout of the panels is adopted, each charger is therefore limited to the size of the single base panel, which contains all the others in its plan.
• . on land buildings or temporary shelters of large capacity for meetings, shows, circuses, exhibitions; . in surface aquatic sites: aquacultu ponds, black moth control, offshore sites, floating supports, survival boats; . underwater site: various sites;

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• 1980
  • 1980-10-09 FR FR8021556A patent/FR2492049A1/fr active Granted
• 1981
  • 1981-10-08 EP EP19810902741 patent/EP0061478A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 1981-10-08 WO PCT/FR1981/000129 patent/WO1982001390A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation

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