EP0051074A1 - Elektrode für Lichtbogenöfen - Google Patents

Elektrode für Lichtbogenöfen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0051074A1
EP0051074A1 EP80106583A EP80106583A EP0051074A1 EP 0051074 A1 EP0051074 A1 EP 0051074A1 EP 80106583 A EP80106583 A EP 80106583A EP 80106583 A EP80106583 A EP 80106583A EP 0051074 A1 EP0051074 A1 EP 0051074A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode according
electrode
upper section
nipple
insulating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP80106583A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hanns Georg Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Bauer
Dieter H. Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Zöllner
Josef Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Otto
Josef Mühlenbeck
Friedrich Rittmann
Claudio Dipl.-Ing. Conradty
Inge Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Lauterbach-Dammler
Horst Ing. Sonke (Grad.)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Arc Technologies Systems Ltd
Original Assignee
Arc Technologies Systems Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arc Technologies Systems Ltd filed Critical Arc Technologies Systems Ltd
Priority to EP80106583A priority Critical patent/EP0051074A1/de
Priority to US06/285,515 priority patent/US4466105A/en
Priority to CA000383618A priority patent/CA1168685A/en
Priority to PL23270981A priority patent/PL232709A1/xx
Priority to JP56132023A priority patent/JPS5776789A/ja
Priority to IN1167/CAL/81A priority patent/IN156503B/en
Priority to NZ198755A priority patent/NZ198755A/en
Priority to GR66355A priority patent/GR82295B/el
Priority to NO813606A priority patent/NO813606L/no
Priority to PT73883A priority patent/PT73883B/pt
Priority to BR8106905A priority patent/BR8106905A/pt
Priority to FI813341A priority patent/FI813341L/fi
Priority to TR21876A priority patent/TR21876A/xx
Priority to ES507052A priority patent/ES507052A0/es
Priority to YU02557/81A priority patent/YU255781A/xx
Priority to ZA817413A priority patent/ZA817413B/xx
Priority to DK471781A priority patent/DK471781A/da
Priority to GB8132216A priority patent/GB2089629A/en
Priority to AU76817/81A priority patent/AU7681781A/en
Priority to DD81234357A priority patent/DD201960A5/de
Priority to DE19813142428 priority patent/DE3142428A1/de
Publication of EP0051074A1 publication Critical patent/EP0051074A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02—Details
    • H05B7/10—Mountings, supports, terminals or arrangements for feeding or guiding electrodes
    • H05B7/101—Mountings, supports or terminals at head of electrode, i.e. at the end remote from the arc

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electrodes for electric arc furnaces made of an upper section made of metal and a replaceable lower section made of consumable or slowly consumable material, which have a substantially cylindrical shape and which are screwed together, e.g. a screw nipple or the like, are connected to one another, the upper section having a liquid cooling device with a flow channel and a return channel, and at least part of the upper section being protected by a high-temperature-resistant, insulating coating.
  • Such electrodes are already known from BE-PS 867 876.
  • the metal shaft which contains the cooling system, is covered by an external, high-temperature-resistant mass. This is obviously a continuous coating, to improve the adhesion hooks are drawn into the metal shaft.
  • Similar electrodes are also claimed in GB-PS 1 223 162, in which a protective ceramic coating is applied to the entire metal shaft. According to this solution, care is taken to ensure that the ceramic coating is as thin as possible and also penetrates to a considerable extent into the metal shaft itself to insulate the pipes running there. These pipes provide the cooling water supply as well as the electrical connection to the consumer elec- tread part made of graphite.
  • European patent application 79302809.3 describes an electrode in which the metal contact on the side of the metal shaft, which is located on the outside on the outside, is insulated from the metal cooling system on the inside. In the lower part of the metallic cooling shaft there is in turn a ceramic coating secured with hooks, which extends to approximately the height of the screw nipple connection.
  • DE-AS 27 39 483 also describes an electrode of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which the liquid cooling, among other things. is ensured by ring channels running directly on the outer wall. It is important that the liquid return directly adjoins the outer surface line of the metal shaft, so that the outer wall of the metal shaft simultaneously represents the inner wall of the return channel. Finally, to facilitate maintenance work and checks, it is possible to remove the entire inner part from the outer part of the upper section. For this purpose, it is necessary to loosen the screw bolts of an annular flange and to lift out the internal structure after the liquid supply has ended and the cooling system has been emptied.
  • the electrode does not allow quick, relatively easy repair in the event of damage in the area of the upper section. Mechanical damage to the upper section or also due to a short circuit due to the external ring channels and return lines leads directly to water ingress and possibly the associated explosions.
  • Electrodes for arc furnaces are exposed to heavy loads. This is explained by the high working temperatures, e.g. B. in the production of electrical steel, in the such electrodes are used most often.
  • the arc which only ideally leads into the melt at the lower electrode tip, also results in losses due to side oxidation. Finally, there is a risk of migration or the arc starting at the side, which can also occur above the consumable in the event of a fault and lead to short circuits.
  • the electrodes are subjected to different temperatures in the supply and return of the coolant and in the area of the consumable part in relation to the power supply and cooling unit. A particularly vulnerable area is the area of the screw nipple.
  • the invention has for its object to provide electrodes with high activity with low current and voltage drop in the feed, which are as prone to failure as possible, but are also easy to manufacture and repair.
  • the electrodes are intended to continue the electrode process, in particular in the event of the undesired shifting of the arc or excessive mechanical stress even in the event of partial damage. allow in an improved manner compared to conventional electrodes.
  • an electrode of the type mentioned at the outset which is characterized in that (a) an inner "part and an outer part of the upper portion are designed to be detachable from each other, (b) wherein the inner part is chraubnippels continued essentially to the vicinity of S, and (c) the inner part with at least in a partial area a high-temperature resistant, insulating coating is provided, which is a detachable molded part.
  • the inner part and the outer part of the upper section are designed to be detachable from one another in such a way that the inner part contains the liquid guiding chamber with flow and return channels.
  • the outer part represents the connection electrode and can be made of the same metal, e.g. Copper, or metal alloy or other materials exist like the inner part. Cooling bores or the like can be made in the outer part. Furthermore, it is also possible to drill holes in the outer part, e.g. for guiding and storing insulating protective layers underneath.
  • the inner part is encased only in a partial area by the outer part, so that the metal shaft as a whole can be formed from a larger diameter area above and a smaller diameter area below.
  • the inner part of the electrode is led into the nipple connection with which the upper section made of metal and the consumable lower section are connected.
  • the liquid cooling device of the inner part which runs axially in this, is advantageously up to the screw nipple • Introduced itself, as this can, depending on the material used, be exposed to special heat.
  • the inner and outer parts can be connected in several ways.
  • the connecting line is usually parallel to the electrode axis.
  • the detachable connection can be made by a thread or by appropriate fitting of the parts. It is particularly preferred if the inner part is designed as a fitting piece in the shape of a cone or cone, the outer and inner part optionally additionally being able to have a thread in a partial area.
  • Connection jaws e.g. be attached via pockets or holders with which the power supply for the electrode is connected.
  • pockets are attached to the outer part, in which graphite plates or segments are introduced for power supply.
  • the high-temperature-resistant, insulating coating which is a molded part according to the invention, can be a single tube.
  • the molded part can also advantageously comprise a series of tube sections, segments, half-shells or the like, which surround the lower area of the upper section of the electrode up to the area of the screw nipple, and possibly beyond.
  • the material of the insulating molded part can e.g. made of high temperature resistant ceramic, but also e.g. Represent graphite that has an insulating coating on it. Such insulating, high-temperature resistant ceramic or other materials are known.
  • the insulating molded part is arranged between a lower partial area of the upper section made of metal and the lower, consuming section such that the outer edges of the molded part running in the direction of the electrode axis and those of the outer area of the upper section Metal are essentially flush with each other.
  • the counter bearing on which the molded part is carried there are no restrictions with regard to the counter bearing on which the molded part is carried.
  • This can be a counterpart, likewise made of insulating material that can be subjected to high temperatures, the screw nipple itself, possibly even part of the consumable itself, or a combination thereof.
  • the insulating molded part will not sit on the consumable alone, but rather: be at least partially carried by a non-"consumable", heat-resistant, insulating material.
  • the position of the molded part can of course be controlled in a suitable form during the manufacture of the electrode.
  • the insulating molded part can also, during operation of the electrode, without the electrode having to be led out of the furnace, through bores provided in the upper section by means of pins, threaded screws etc., onto the counter bearing, for example the additional provision of springs.
  • a preferred embodiment of the electrode according to the invention is directed to the fact that an electrically conductive, high-temperature-resistant intermediate layer is introduced between the insulating, high-temperature-resistant molded part and the inner part of the metal shaft.
  • the electrically conductive intermediate layer can also represent a single tube, but also a series of tube sections, segments, half-shells or the like. Instead of preformed molded parts, however, electrically conductive, high-temperature resistant felt or fabric can also be used as such an intermediate layer.
  • the electrically conductive intermediate layer can also consist of a combination of a series of, for example, pipe sections with high-temperature-resistant felt or fabric.
  • the use of high-temperature-resistant conductive felt or fibers, nonwovens or fabrics is particularly preferred in those applications where the electrode is exposed to mechanical shocks or vibrations during operation.
  • the external insulating parts can be elastically intercepted, which contributes to the additional stabilization of the electrode.
  • a heavy-duty, conductive, thin coating to the inner metal shaft, which is protected by the electrically insulating and the electrically conductive coating. This can represent a ceramic coating, for example.
  • the electrically conductive intermediate layer can consist, for example, of conductive ceramic, graphite, ceramic, mineral or carbon fibers, fabrics or felts or a combination thereof.
  • both the insulating molded part and the conductive intermediate layer on holders, which can preferably be attached to the metal of the inner cooling unit.
  • this is primarily taken into account in such applications of the electrodes, where the free mobility or the "moving up" of intact (insulating or electrically conductive) individual segments is not important in the event of damage to an underlying segment.
  • the insulating molded part does not encompass the entire area of the metal shaft to be protected, with an insulating, highly fireproof injection molding compound anchored with holding pieces instead of the continued molded part in a zone where less stress can be expected is used.
  • Such insulating spray compositions are known per se, which with holding pieces, e.g. can be soldered, attached.
  • connection of the upper and lower section can be carried out particularly expediently by means of a nipple which is cylindrical on the metal side and conical towards the consumable part.
  • a nipple which is cylindrical on the metal side and conical towards the consumable part.
  • the material of the nipple is in particular metal, and this includes with advantage: cast iron, since the resistance values of the latter material are similar to that of graphite, from which the consumable part is usually formed. Due to the high resistance to temperature changes, nipple connections made of graphite are also taken into account.
  • the lower section can consist of a plurality of units which are held by one or more nipple connections, it being possible for the consumption units to be arranged next to or below one another.
  • a "push-in piece” made of graphite between the upper section and the lower section, the lower consumable section being able to be connected to the push-in piece with a nipple connection, for example made of graphite has the advantage that the nipple connection between the metal shaft and the graphite push-in piece remains cooler and the consumable piece can be completely consumed without endangering the upper section.
  • the insulating molded part and the electrically conductive coating can easily be introduced in a targeted position during manufacture.
  • the mechanical strength can be improved by using an insulating, external solid part. This is particularly important for electrodes that are used to manufacture electrical steel.
  • the immersion of shot parts in the melt can lead to considerable movements of the melt with corresponding mechanical stress.
  • the electrode Due to the loose placement of the insulating molded part, but also the conductive coating, insofar as it is formed from molded parts, in the event of mechanical or other destruction of the underlying protective segments, there is “automatic” re-sliding of the upper segments, which may be additionally caused by springs is secured. Therefore, the electrode is still operational, even if it has already been damaged, since that is the most endangered electrode area below, which is closest to the working zone of the electrode, is "automatically” protected by the sliding of intact elements. Mechanical vibrations caused by scrap parts slipping in, boiling delays etc. are absorbed in a particularly favorable manner by the resilient mounting of the insulating layer in the axial part of the electrode as well as the internal padding of the electrically conductive coating made of fibers, carbon felts and fabrics etc.
  • the insulating molded part or the insulating coating if it consists of a series of individual segments, half-shells or the like, can have a certain amount of play due to the type of axial as well as the internal support, this results, for example, from the tongue and groove system of the segments a complete and comprehensive protection of the sensitive metal area of the electrode. If the "protective shield" of the electrode is nevertheless damaged, it can usually continue to work until the consumable part is replaced anyway. When the electrode is removed, the corresponding replacement of the damaged individual segment etc. can then easily be carried out without further effort.
  • the internal electrically conductive coating made of high-temperature-resistant material, such as conductive ceramic or graphite or the carbon felts etc., can ultimately give the electrode emergency running properties. If the outer ring breaks, the internal, electrically conductive coating is able to withstand the temperatures of an arc that may form. This makes the relatively sensitive, internal metal shaft is protected from the heat of the arc, which may be positioned laterally, so that there is no immediate failure of the electrode. With conventional electrodes, the latter is to be feared if the outer, insulating coating is mechanically or otherwise destroyed and the arc attaches directly to the metal shaft, which is then not able to withstand the extreme temperatures of the arc that occur.
  • high-temperature-resistant material such as conductive ceramic or graphite or the carbon felts etc.
  • the inventive division of the metal shaft also results in favorable electrode properties. Due to the water routing in the inner part, it remains intact even if the outer part is mechanically damaged. It is therefore not necessary to stop ußen Schemees in damage to the A of the upper portion of the cooling liquid supply, the electrode to be emptied etc. The simple detachability of the outer portion it can be easily replaced in case of damage as a component, while the conventional constructions, a require complete repair of the metal shaft or its replacement. Due to the lateral power supply, e.g.
  • the high-temperature-resistant, insulating protective layer can be connected in a particularly compact and expedient form, it then not being necessary, for example, to additionally isolate the outer part, if this is limited to the area of the power supply.
  • the cooling medium usually water
  • the cooling system lies in the inner part 16, on which the outer part 17 is placed.
  • the cooling medium also enters a chamber inside the screw nipple 1, which e.g. is made of cast iron, a.
  • the upper section 5 made of metal, e.g. Cu, consists of an upper area of larger diameter and a lower-lying area of smaller diameter, which is drawn into the screw nipple 1, which connects to the lower section 6 of consumable material, e.g. Graphite.
  • the insulating molded part 4 is supported by a counter bearing 7, e.g. made of high-temperature-resistant, insulating ceramic.
  • the insulating molded part 4 is delimited by the upper edge of the region of the larger diameter of the metal shaft.
  • the insulating molded part 4 is adjoined by the electrically conductive intermediate layer 11, which is delimited on the inside by the protruding, internal metal shaft or its section of smaller diameter 12.
  • both the insulating molded part 4 and the electrically conductive intermediate layer 11 are divided into segments which are slidable in the direction of the electrode axis when a (lower) segment breaks out.
  • connection options of the inner part 16 and outer part 17 as a fitting piece, optionally with a partial thread can be seen.
  • Pins 9 or the like can be guided over bores 8, which hold the insulating coating 4 on a counter bearing 7 via the spring 10.
  • the insulating part can additionally be fastened by brackets 14.
  • connection jaws 18, for example made of graphite are shown on the outside. These can be held in holders or pockets 19 which are attached to the outer edge of the metal shaft, which is also expressed in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 2 shows the use of half-shells in the dressing or of rings, for example made of graphite, which is coated with an insulating coating, in combination with conductive felt 13, for example made of carbon fiber.
  • An electrically conductive protective ring which is also segmented, for example made of ceramic, such as ZrO 2 , Sn0 2 , SiO, etc. or graphite, is additionally drawn in between the drawn-in, inner metal part 12 and the conductive felt 13.
  • the use of conductive, vibration-damping material, such as felt, etc. in combination with electrically conductive solid parts made of ceramic or graphite is particularly preferred for the electrode according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows an insertion piece 21 made of graphite, which is slid over a nipple 1 slotted to compensate for thermal stresses, which e.g. consists of copper with advantage, is connected to the upper section 5.
  • the insertion piece 21 is then connected to the actual consumable part via a further nipple connection 22, which is preferably formed from graphite.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP80106583A 1980-10-27 1980-10-27 Elektrode für Lichtbogenöfen Withdrawn EP0051074A1 (de)

Priority Applications (21)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80106583A EP0051074A1 (de) 1980-10-27 1980-10-27 Elektrode für Lichtbogenöfen
US06/285,515 US4466105A (en) 1980-10-27 1981-07-21 Electrode for arc furnaces
CA000383618A CA1168685A (en) 1980-10-27 1981-08-11 Electrode for arc furnaces
PL23270981A PL232709A1 (el) 1980-10-27 1981-08-19
JP56132023A JPS5776789A (en) 1980-10-27 1981-08-21 Electrode for arc furnace
IN1167/CAL/81A IN156503B (el) 1980-10-27 1981-10-21
NZ198755A NZ198755A (en) 1980-10-27 1981-10-23 Arc furnace electrode:detachable inner and outer parts
GR66355A GR82295B (el) 1980-10-27 1981-10-26
NO813606A NO813606L (no) 1980-10-27 1981-10-26 Elektrode for lysbueovner.
PT73883A PT73883B (en) 1980-10-27 1981-10-26 Electrode for arc furnaces
BR8106905A BR8106905A (pt) 1980-10-27 1981-10-26 Eletrodo para fornos de arco voltaico
FI813341A FI813341L (fi) 1980-10-27 1981-10-26 Elektrod foer ljusbaogeugnar
TR21876A TR21876A (tr) 1980-10-27 1981-10-26 Arkh firinlar icin elektrod
ES507052A ES507052A0 (es) 1980-10-27 1981-10-26 Perfeccionamientos en la fabricacion de electrodos para hor-nos electricos.
YU02557/81A YU255781A (en) 1980-10-27 1981-10-26 Electrode for electric arc furnaces
ZA817413A ZA817413B (en) 1980-10-27 1981-10-26 Electrode for arc furnaces
DK471781A DK471781A (da) 1980-10-27 1981-10-26 Elektrode til lysbueovne
GB8132216A GB2089629A (en) 1980-10-27 1981-10-26 Electrode for an arc furnace
AU76817/81A AU7681781A (en) 1980-10-27 1981-10-26 Electrode for arc furnaces
DD81234357A DD201960A5 (de) 1980-10-27 1981-10-26 Elektrode fuer lichtbogenoefen
DE19813142428 DE3142428A1 (de) 1980-10-27 1981-10-26 Elektrode fuer lichtbogenoefen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80106583A EP0051074A1 (de) 1980-10-27 1980-10-27 Elektrode für Lichtbogenöfen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0051074A1 true EP0051074A1 (de) 1982-05-12

Family

ID=8186862

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80106583A Withdrawn EP0051074A1 (de) 1980-10-27 1980-10-27 Elektrode für Lichtbogenöfen

Country Status (21)

Country Link
US (1) US4466105A (el)
EP (1) EP0051074A1 (el)
JP (1) JPS5776789A (el)
AU (1) AU7681781A (el)
BR (1) BR8106905A (el)
CA (1) CA1168685A (el)
DD (1) DD201960A5 (el)
DE (1) DE3142428A1 (el)
DK (1) DK471781A (el)
ES (1) ES507052A0 (el)
FI (1) FI813341L (el)
GB (1) GB2089629A (el)
GR (1) GR82295B (el)
IN (1) IN156503B (el)
NO (1) NO813606L (el)
NZ (1) NZ198755A (el)
PL (1) PL232709A1 (el)
PT (1) PT73883B (el)
TR (1) TR21876A (el)
YU (1) YU255781A (el)
ZA (1) ZA817413B (el)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0056862A2 (de) * 1981-01-28 1982-08-04 Arc Technologies Systems, Ltd. Elektrode für Lichtbogenöfen
EP0079304A1 (en) * 1981-11-09 1983-05-18 Arc Technologies Systems, Ltd. Electrode holder for arc furnaces
FR2572874A1 (fr) * 1984-11-02 1986-05-09 Didier Werke Ag Electrode en graphite pour un four a arc
GB2241372A (en) * 1989-12-29 1991-08-28 Tandy Corp Tape editor and method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MX173237B (es) * 1990-08-21 1994-02-10 Blas Diaz Pena Mejoras en electrodo para hornos electricos de fundicion de metales, no consumible y enfriado por agua

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2600823A (en) * 1949-01-15 1952-06-17 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Hot top electrode tip
US3368019A (en) * 1965-05-24 1968-02-06 Westinghouse Electric Corp Non-consumable electrode
FR2176546A1 (en) * 1972-03-23 1973-11-02 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Composite furnace electrode - esp for steel prodn
US4145564A (en) * 1978-01-30 1979-03-20 Andrew Dennie J Non-consumable electrode with replaceable graphite tip
FR2452226A1 (fr) * 1979-03-23 1980-10-17 Bulten Kanthal Ab Electrode pour le chauffage d'une masse de verre
EP0010305B1 (de) * 1978-10-18 1981-04-22 Fuchs Systemtechnik GmbH Flüssigkeitsgekühlte Halterung für eine Elektrodenspitze

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4287381A (en) * 1978-12-19 1981-09-01 British Steel Corporation Electric arc furnace electrodes

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2600823A (en) * 1949-01-15 1952-06-17 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Hot top electrode tip
US3368019A (en) * 1965-05-24 1968-02-06 Westinghouse Electric Corp Non-consumable electrode
FR2176546A1 (en) * 1972-03-23 1973-11-02 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Composite furnace electrode - esp for steel prodn
US4145564A (en) * 1978-01-30 1979-03-20 Andrew Dennie J Non-consumable electrode with replaceable graphite tip
EP0010305B1 (de) * 1978-10-18 1981-04-22 Fuchs Systemtechnik GmbH Flüssigkeitsgekühlte Halterung für eine Elektrodenspitze
FR2452226A1 (fr) * 1979-03-23 1980-10-17 Bulten Kanthal Ab Electrode pour le chauffage d'une masse de verre
DE3011045A1 (de) * 1979-03-23 1980-11-20 Bulten Kanthal Ab Elektrode

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0056862A2 (de) * 1981-01-28 1982-08-04 Arc Technologies Systems, Ltd. Elektrode für Lichtbogenöfen
EP0056862A3 (de) * 1981-01-28 1982-10-20 Arc Technologies Systems, Ltd. Elektrode für Lichtbogenöfen
EP0079304A1 (en) * 1981-11-09 1983-05-18 Arc Technologies Systems, Ltd. Electrode holder for arc furnaces
FR2572874A1 (fr) * 1984-11-02 1986-05-09 Didier Werke Ag Electrode en graphite pour un four a arc
GB2241372A (en) * 1989-12-29 1991-08-28 Tandy Corp Tape editor and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2089629A (en) 1982-06-23
US4466105A (en) 1984-08-14
YU255781A (en) 1983-12-31
IN156503B (el) 1985-08-17
PT73883A (en) 1981-11-01
PL232709A1 (el) 1982-07-19
DK471781A (da) 1982-04-28
DD201960A5 (de) 1983-08-17
BR8106905A (pt) 1982-07-13
ES8302996A1 (es) 1982-12-01
NZ198755A (en) 1984-08-24
PT73883B (en) 1983-01-25
ZA817413B (en) 1983-05-25
CA1168685A (en) 1984-06-05
NO813606L (no) 1982-04-28
TR21876A (tr) 1985-11-15
GR82295B (el) 1984-12-13
FI813341L (fi) 1982-04-28
JPS5776789A (en) 1982-05-13
AU7681781A (en) 1982-05-06
DE3142428A1 (de) 1982-07-01
ES507052A0 (es) 1982-12-01

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