EP0051036B1 - Oberflächenwärmetauscher zur Wärmerückgewinnung - Google Patents

Oberflächenwärmetauscher zur Wärmerückgewinnung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0051036B1
EP0051036B1 EP81440023A EP81440023A EP0051036B1 EP 0051036 B1 EP0051036 B1 EP 0051036B1 EP 81440023 A EP81440023 A EP 81440023A EP 81440023 A EP81440023 A EP 81440023A EP 0051036 B1 EP0051036 B1 EP 0051036B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
inner tube
water
surface heat
exchanger according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81440023A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0051036A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Grué
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GRUE, CHRISTIAN
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Grue Christian
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Grue Christian filed Critical Grue Christian
Priority to AT81440023T priority Critical patent/ATE12542T1/de
Publication of EP0051036A1 publication Critical patent/EP0051036A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0051036B1 publication Critical patent/EP0051036B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F28D21/0005—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases for domestic or space-heating systems
    • F28D21/0007—Water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to surface heat exchangers intended to recover, by a circulating fluid, the waste heat contained in the heat transfer effluents.
  • the invention applies in particular to heat transfer effluents which can easily be channeled in a discharge pipe, such as the combustion fumes produced, for example, in industrial ovens or boilers of heating installations.
  • Heat recovery units aim in particular to make better use of fuels and thus form part of all the measures which contribute to providing an answer to the ever more pressing energy saving requirements.
  • this lost smoke can be a free source of energy, for example for the production of domestic hot water, or for heating the water returning to the boiler in central heating installations.
  • Said devices' as the water wall ", essentially consisting of two concentric pipes, distance from one another. These pipes define between them an annular space in which a fluid to be heated, generally water, circulates in co-, or counter-current, smoke to be cooled flowing in the interior duct, the exchange being made through the surface of the latter (French patents n ° 2 257 875 and n ° 2 445 935) .
  • recuperators of the first family is penalized by an exchange surface which is necessarily limited not only in size, but also by its location at the periphery of the hot gas stream.
  • the object of the present invention is to succeed in extracting the maximum number of calories from the combustion fumes and, more generally from any heat-carrying effluent, while disturbing their flow as little as possible.
  • the subject of the invention is a surface heat exchanger for the recovery, by a circulating fluid, such as water, of the waste heat contained in the heat transfer effluents, in particular in the combustion fumes, and comprising two concentric ducts: an inner duct through which the heat-transfer effluents to be cooled pass and an outer duct surrounding the inner duct at a distance so as to define between them an annular space forming a wall of water in which the fluid to be heated circulates, exchanger characterized in that it comprises at least one tube passing longitudinally through the central region of the interior duct and arranged with the water wall so that the fluid to be heated crosses the exchanger, dividing it into two parallel circuits.
  • the water wall is multi-pass for the fluid to be heated.
  • multiple passage water wall is intended to denote a compartmentalization of the annular space allowing the fluid to be heated to circulate in a longitudinal serpentine path, by means of rectilinear fins arranged parallel to each other and staggered according to the generators of the inner duct, or along a helical path, for example, by means of a spiral fin surrounding the inner duct.
  • the water tubes placed longitudinally in the central part of the inner duct will collect the remaining calories where they are, that is to say at the very heart of the vein. smoke, thus combining their action with that of the water wall to extract the maximum calories from the smoke in favor of the water to be heated. This is achieved without significantly disturbing the flow of smoke, since the tubes are arranged longitudinally.
  • the efficiency of the exchange also causes significant condensation of the water vapor contained in the fumes. This elimination of the vapor in liquid form within the exchanger is favorable from all points of view.
  • bent ends which, far from representing an obstacle to the flow of smoke, on the contrary constitute cold spots favoring the condensation of steam.
  • the partitioning fins being advantageously made of a material which is a good conductor of heat - generally metal - the exchange surface at this level is therefore increased and with it, the overall heat flux.
  • one end of the flue pipe - corresponding to the entry of the flue gases into the exchanger - comprises means for giving the peripheral part of the gas flow a gyratory movement which further improves the transfer of calories in increasing the duration of the exchange with the water wall.
  • these means consist of fins fixed on edge against the inner surface of the flue pipe and angularly offset in the same direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the pipe so as to be outside any passing plane by this axis.
  • the device is technologically simple, robust and reliable. Its construction poses no particular difficulty since all of its constituent elements can be found easily in commerce and at low cost.
  • the recuperator 1 represented in FIGS. 1 and 2, is mainly formed of two concentric remote conduits, respectively interior 2 and exterior 3, defining a central passage 4 for the combustion fumes to be cooled, and a peripheral annular space 5 for a circulation of water to be heated.
  • the space 5 is closed at its ends by means of flanges 6 and 7. It communicates with the external medium by pipes 8 and 9 provided on the external tube 3 in the vicinity of the flanges 6 and 7 respectively, in diametrically opposite angular positions and serving respectively for the introduction and the exit of the water to be heated, as indicated by the direction of the arrows in the figures.
  • the passage 4 is traversed longitudinally by tubes 10 (here three in number), located in the central part of the passage in the vicinity of the longitudinal axis of the exchanger symbolized at 11.
  • the tubes 10 are mounted in derivation on the annular space 5 and for this purpose have curved ends at right angles opening into this space by means of openings 12 and 13 formed in the wall of the inner duct 2, in the vicinity of the pipes 8 and 9 respectively.
  • the annular space 5 is compartmentalized so as to constitute a wall of water with multiple passages.
  • the compartmentalization is carried out by means of fins 14, arranged parallel to each other along the generatrices of the inner conduit 2 and spaced from one another so as to define between them longitudinal water chambers.
  • the fins 14 are advantageously constituted by simple steel plates of very elongated rectangular shape and having a slightly shorter length (of 10 cm for example) than the distance separating the two closing flanges 6 and 7. They are offset longitudinally one with respect to the next in a staggered arrangement so as to come into abutment by one end alternately against one then the other flange, the other end then being free to provide between it and the neighboring flange a communication passage between two adjacent water rooms.
  • the number of fins has been limited to four, so that the compartmentalisation has a structure in three superposed stages: an upper inlet stage 15A provided with the inlet pipe 8, an outlet stage lower 15 c comprising the starting pipe 9 and an intermediate stage composed of the two compartments 15 ′ B and 15 ′′ B symmetrical on either side of the plane passing through the pipes 8 and 9.
  • the compartmentalization fins 14 are distributed around the inner tube 2 with variable spacings so that the passage section of the water chambers is not equal in all the stages, but gradually decreases from the input stage 15A to the output stage 15 c .
  • This particular arrangement has the advantage of providing the water in the space 5 with an exchange surface which is all the greater when its temperature is low.
  • the water is speeded up as it heats up, which is also favorable from a thermal point of view, for example with regard to the risks of calefaction.
  • the explanation of the remark made previously concerning the reversibility of the roles of the pipes 8 and 9.
  • a circulation of the type against the current of water is favored with respect to the flow of fumes.
  • This condition is always satisfied when, as shown in FIG. 1, the inlet pipe 8 is placed at the downstream end of the recuperator with respect to the direction of flow of the fumes (indicated by the arrow on the axis 11).
  • the water wall 5 comprises two counter-current passages (stage 15A and 15 c ) for a co-current passage (stage 15 B ).
  • stage 15A and 15 c for a co-current passage
  • the direction of circulation of water and fumes has been indicated by conventional symbols.
  • the passages in co- and counter-current of the water wall 5 are in equal number, independently of the choice of the inlet pipe.
  • closing flanges 6 and 7 on the periphery of the inner conduit 2 and preferably about 15 or 20 cm from its ends so as to provide free end portions which will allow easy mounting of the device on the installation to which it is intended for.
  • These flanges are of slightly different sizes: one of them, for example the flange 6, has a diameter equal to the outside diameter of the duct 3, while the flange 7 has a diameter equal to the inside diameter of the duct 3 and therefore determines the thickness of the space 5.
  • the openings 10 and 11 are drilled and the central tubes 10 are fixed by leaktight welding to the edge of the orifices made from the outside of the conduit 2.
  • the tubes 10 have been shaped as "S by bending the ends in directions opposite, from sections of drawn steel tube which are easily obtained in the trade.
  • the fins 14 are then placed on edge on the inner duct 2, taking care to press one of their ends against one of the closing flanges so as to achieve a staggered arrangement, as explained above.
  • the fins, which have a height equal to that of the small flange 7, are then fixed permanently by welding.
  • the two openings intended to receive the pipes 8 and 9 for the inlet and outlet of the water.
  • This operation is facilitated by the fins which serve as guiding and centering members.
  • the outer conduit 3 has been previously dimensioned so that, once in place, its upper end comes in the plane of the outer surface of the flange 7.
  • the assembly of the two conduits 2 and 3 is then carried out at the level of the two flanges by the sealed weld beads 16 and 17 visible in FIG. 1.
  • the pipes 8 and 9 are attached by welding to the external pipe 3. It is advantageous to complete the construction by insulating the recuperator by means of a thermal insulation envelope placed around the external pipe 3. This envelope has not been shown so as not to overload the figures unnecessarily.
  • FIG. 3 a central heating installation equipped with an exchanger-recuperator according to the invention.
  • a boiler supplying hot water, by a conventional system of closed-loop pipes comprising a four-way valve 19 and an accelerator 20, a set of radiators 21 for heating premises. house.
  • the combustion fumes exit at the rear of the boiler to reach the exhaust vent chimney, shown at 22.
  • the heat exchanger-recuperator 1 is installed between the boiler and the chimney 22, replacing the usual boiler outlet pipe.
  • the installation is carried out without particular difficulty thanks to the free end portions of the internal conduit which protrude on either side of the apparatus and which allow by simple fitting to be connected to two bent elements 23 and 24 which have been provided to ensure vertical orientation of the recuperator.
  • recuperator can be placed in any position. However, it remains desirable to keep a slight inclination on the horizontal, positive in the direction of the flow of the fumes, in order to favor by an orifice such as 25, provided between the recuperator and the boiler (or on the free terminal part of the inner duct), the evacuation of condensates, in particular the water formed in the inner duct by condensation of the water vapor contained in the flue gases.
  • the recuperator 1 is used as a heater: the heating water, which leaves cooled from the radiators 21, returns to the boiler 18, previously passing through the recuperator 1, which in this case constitutes an accessory of the 'heating installation which improves its efficiency and therefore saves fuel.
  • an accelerator not shown in FIG. 3, can advantageously be provided on the outlet pipe 9 of the heater.
  • the overall thermal efficiency is further appreciably improved thanks to a homogenization of the temperature of the water within the boiler, due to a permanent stirring effect.
  • the subdivision can be achieved, not only by means of the rectilinear longitudinal fins 14, but also using for example a single helical fin wound on edge around the inner duct 2 .
  • the variants which allow any volume of elementary water entering the annular space 5, or, as in the case of the example described, to travel only one or the other half of the surface of the inner duct 2, that is to cover the entire this surface, therefore to successively cross all the water chambers.
  • the staggered arrangement applies to all of the fins, with the exception of only one, which connects the two flanges 6 and 7 and thus separates in a sealed manner the two adjacent chambers intended to receive respectively the inlet tubing 8 and the outlet tubing 9.
  • the number of central tubes cannot be fixed a priori for all cases. It essentially depends on the local conditions of use of the recuperator and must be determined in each case in relation to the diameter of the tubes chosen so as not to create in the flow a backpressure which is difficult to accept for the heating installation.
  • the smoke outlet pipes of the usual heating systems are generally oversized for safety reasons, so that a reduction in the passage section by a proportion of up to about 20% remains entirely acceptable.
  • the water tubes 10 can be mounted in total bypass. or only partial on the water wall 5.
  • the example described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 corresponds to a total bypass since the openings 12 and 13 on the inner tube 2 were formed in the immediate vicinity of the inlet pipes 8 and outlet 9. But it is possible to provide these openings in other places on the inner tube 2 so as to achieve a partial diversion of the tubes 10 on the water wall 5.
  • Such an arrangement is necessary d 'elsewhere of itself in the case of a water wall with parallel circuits and an even number of stages, as is easily understood.
  • a complete diversion can take place not only through the openings 12 and 13 on the inner tube 2, but by any other appropriate means, for example by direct connection of the central tubes 10 to the tubes 8 and 9.
  • recuperator is placed in a water circuit of the “open” type, for example in the case of '' use for direct production of domestic hot water.
  • the internal duct 2 is provided, at its end through which the fumes penetrate, with means for imparting a gyratory movement to the peripheral part of the flowing gas stream. In this way, the duration of passage of the fumes against the wall of the interior duct 2 is increased and the heat transfer is further improved.
  • the means used can be deflecting fins 26, constituted by simple metal plates fixed on edge against the inner wall of the duct 2 and angularly offset, for example by 40 °, approximately, all in the same direction with respect to the generatrices of the duct 2 so as to be situated outside any plane passing through the axis of symmetry 11.
  • the fins 26 are about ten centimeters in length and their height is about a quarter of the diameter of the tube 2 so as to only rotate the peripheral part of the flue gas flow without disturbing the central region where the tubes act longitudinal water 10 not shown in this figure.
  • the recuperator according to the invention can not only be installed between the boiler and the chimney, on existing installations, but also be provided for manufacturing on new boilers.
  • the application of the recuperator according to the invention is not limited to the field of central heating for heating the return water from the radiators or for the production of domestic hot water, but extends, as is the case. 'has already said, when recovering, by means of a surface exchanger, the calories contained in any heat transfer effluent, insofar as the latter is or can be channeled in a discharge pipe.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Oberflächen-Wärmetauscher für die Rückgewinnung von in warmen strömenden Medien, insbesondere in Verbrennungsgasen, enthaltener verlorener Wärme durch eine strömende Flüssigkeit, bestehend aus zwei konzentrischen, Rohren, nämlich einem inneren, einen zentralen Durchgang (4) für die zu kühlenden Medien darstellenden Rohr (2) und einem äußeren, das innere Rohr in einem solchen Abstand umgebenden Rohr (3), daß zwischen diesen ein peripherer ringförmiger Zwischenraum (5) gebildet wird, der die « Wasserwand bildet, in welcher die zu erwärmende Flüssigkeit strömt, und der mit außen über zwei auf dem äußeren Rohr (3) angeordneten für den Eintritt der zu erwärmenden Flüssigkeit in den ringförmigen Zwischenraum (5) beziehungsweise für ihren Austritt vorgesehenen Rohrstutzen (8, 9) in Verbindung steht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wärmetauscher wenigstens ein den zentralen Bereich des inneren Rohres (2) in Längsrichtung durchquerendes Rohr (10) umfaßt, das mit der Wasserwand (2, 3) derart verbunden ist, daß die zu erwärmende Flüssigkeit den Wärmetauscher unter Aufteilung in zwei parallele Bahnen durchströmt.
2. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Wasserwand (2, 3) mit mehrfachen Durchgängen durch eine Aufteilung des ringförmigen Zwischenraums (5) mit Hilfe von parallelen, mit gegenseitigem Abstand angeordneten Stegen (14) erreicht wird, die versetzt zueinander entlang den Erzeugenden des Innenrohres (2) angeordnet sind und zwischen sich Längskammern (15) bilden, die jeweils an einem ihrer Enden miteinander in Verbindung stehen und von der zu erwärmenden Flüssigkeit durchströmt werden.
3. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Eintrittsrohrstutzen (8) und der Austrittsrohrstutzen (9) winkelmäßig einander diametral gegenüber angeordnet sind und daß die Aufteilung des ringförmigen Zwischenraums (5) diesen in zwei gleichwertige parallele Bahnen unterteilt, von denen jede eine Hälfte der Oberfläche des Ihnnenrohres (2) überdeckt.
4. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Eintrittsrohrstutzen (8) und der Austrittsrohrstutzen (9) benachbarte Winkelpositionen aufweisen und daß die Aufteilung des ringförmigen Zwischenraums (5) diesem eine Bahn verleiht, die die gesamte Oberfläche des inneren Rohres (2) überdeckt.
5. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das oder die Rohre (10) an ihren jeweiligen Enden über auf dem inneren Rohr (2) angebrachte Öffnungen (12, 12) in den ringförmigen Zwischenraum (5) münden.
6. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnungen (12, 13) in inmittelbarer Nähe der auf dem äußeren Rohr (3) vorgesehenen Stellen der Rohrstutzen (8, 9) angeordnet sind.
7. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 3 und 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das bzw. die Rohre (10) in entgegengesetzte Richtungen abgebogene, ihnen eine S-förmige Gestalt verleihende Endbereiche aufweisen.
8. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 4 oder 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rohr bzw. die Rohre (10) in die gleiche Richtung abgebogene, ihnen eine U-förmige Gestalt verleihende Endbereiche aufweisen.
9. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stege (14) auf dem inneren Rohr (2) mit unterschiedlichen Abständen angeordnet sind derart, daß der Durchtrittsquerschnitt der Kammern (15) in Strömungsrichtung der zu erwärmenden Flüssigkeit fortlaufend abnimmt.
10. Wärmetauscher nach einem der voraufgehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das innere Rohr (2) an einem seiner Enden mit Mitteln versehen ist, die dem äußeren Teil der Strömung der zu kühlenden Gase eine kreisende Bewegung erteilen.
11. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese Mittel aus Schaufeln (26) bestehen, die hochkant an der Innenwand des Rohres (2) befestigt und winkelmäßig in Bezug auf die Längsachse (11) derart gleichsinnig versetzt angeordnet sind, daß sie außerhalb jeder durch die Längsachse hindurchgehenden Ebene liegen.
EP81440023A 1980-10-23 1981-10-20 Oberflächenwärmetauscher zur Wärmerückgewinnung Expired EP0051036B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81440023T ATE12542T1 (de) 1980-10-23 1981-10-20 Oberflaechenwaermetauscher zur waermerueckgewinnung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8022751A FR2492962A1 (fr) 1980-10-23 1980-10-23 Echangeur thermique a surface pour la recuperation de chaleur
FR8022751 1980-10-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0051036A1 EP0051036A1 (de) 1982-05-05
EP0051036B1 true EP0051036B1 (de) 1985-04-03

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Family Applications (1)

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EP81440023A Expired EP0051036B1 (de) 1980-10-23 1981-10-20 Oberflächenwärmetauscher zur Wärmerückgewinnung

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EP (1) EP0051036B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE12542T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3169715D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2492962A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2926102A1 (es) * 2021-04-13 2022-10-21 Kalfrisa S A Recuperador de calor y metodo de recuperacion de calor asociado al mismo

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2070804A (en) * 1935-04-06 1937-02-16 Payson Rudolph Heating apparatus
FR1095966A (fr) * 1953-02-14 1955-06-08 Conduit tubulaire pour échangeurs de chaleur
GB818730A (en) * 1957-02-01 1959-08-19 A E Greaves And Son Ltd Improvements relating to heat-exchangers
FR1409030A (fr) * 1963-09-16 1965-08-20 Patterson Kelly Co Canal d'échange de chaleur
US3339260A (en) * 1964-11-25 1967-09-05 Olin Mathieson Method of producing heat exchangers
GB1291572A (en) * 1969-04-02 1972-10-04 Curwen & Newberry Ltd Improvements in or relating to fluid heaters
GB1479837A (en) * 1976-02-09 1977-07-13 Carey F Heat exchanger and heating installations incorporating such an exchanger
GB1503899A (en) * 1976-12-15 1978-03-15 U Fab Ltd Baffle for heat exchanger tube
US4157706A (en) * 1978-04-28 1979-06-12 Gaskill Emanuel P Water heater
DE2820577A1 (de) * 1978-05-11 1979-11-15 Rudolf G Hausmann Verfahren zur waermerueckgewinnung aus abgaswaerme von heizungsanlagen mittels waermetauscher als rauchrohr und automatischer abgasklappe
BE872939A (nl) * 1978-12-21 1979-04-17 Rogiers Andre Centrale haardverwarmingsketel
FR2445935A1 (fr) * 1979-01-02 1980-08-01 Serieys Georges Recuperateur de chaleur
US4256170A (en) * 1979-07-20 1981-03-17 Crump Robert F Heat exchanger
DE2929810A1 (de) * 1979-07-23 1981-02-19 Fuchs Einrichtung zur waermerueckgewinnung aus abgas sowie waermetauschelement hierfuer
DE3000867A1 (de) * 1980-01-11 1981-07-16 Fa. Viktor Franken, 5112 Baesweiler Aufbereitungsanlage fuer abfallenergie von heizanlagen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE12542T1 (de) 1985-04-15
FR2492962B1 (de) 1985-01-04
EP0051036A1 (de) 1982-05-05
FR2492962A1 (fr) 1982-04-30
DE3169715D1 (en) 1985-05-09

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