EP0049895A2 - Feuerfeste Auskleidung von Giesspfannen und ihre Herstellung - Google Patents
Feuerfeste Auskleidung von Giesspfannen und ihre Herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0049895A2 EP0049895A2 EP81108268A EP81108268A EP0049895A2 EP 0049895 A2 EP0049895 A2 EP 0049895A2 EP 81108268 A EP81108268 A EP 81108268A EP 81108268 A EP81108268 A EP 81108268A EP 0049895 A2 EP0049895 A2 EP 0049895A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lining
- refractory
- ring
- ladle
- prefabricated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000063 preceeding effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H chromium(III) sulfate Chemical class [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011822 basic refractory Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- IKZBVTPSNGOVRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(iii) phosphate Chemical class [Cr+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O IKZBVTPSNGOVRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000881 depressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052605 nesosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011821 neutral refractory Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004762 orthosilicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/02—Linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
- F27D1/045—Bricks for lining cylindrical bodies, e.g. skids, tubes
Definitions
- Thermal wear is, furthermore, coupled with mechanical wear due to the movement of the liquid steel contained in the ladle, and this occurs both at the time when the ladle is filled, and as a result of the modern treatment and processing techniques in the ladles.
- Aluminous bricks and/or silicious material mixtures are used normally for the production of refractory ladle linings. As known, while aluminous bricks with high alumina content are most suitable for this purpose, they nevertheless entail very high costs. On the other hand, if suitably rammed silicious material is used, whether in powder and/or in grains, undesirable impurities are brought into the steel.
- the object of this invention is to obtain a ladle lining allowing to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and apt, on one hand, to be manufactured more easily and quickly, while having on the other hand, features such as to improve its resistance to chemical-physical wear.
- the lining is formed of a number of ring-shaped prefabricated refractory elements, each provided with at least one housing and/or supporting outer jacket, the elements being superposed inside the ladle so as to cover its entire wall.
- the side wall of which is flared upwardly also the ring-shaped elements 3, 4, 5, have a frustoconical shape, with an upwardly increasing diameter.
- the mutually contacting horizontal surfaces of elements 2, 3, 4 and 5 may be provided with dap or labyrinth profiles 3 1 , 4 t , 5 1 ensuring a better seal.
- a layer of basic or chemically neutral refractory mortar is placed between each of said elements.
- Figure 2 shows instead a ladle which is essentially drum-shaped.
- the ring-shaped elements 3, 4, 5 are cylindrical.
- these elements increase in thickness starting from the top down, in order to provide better resistance to the stronger thermal shocks occuring in the lower part of the ladle.
- An opening 6 is provided, furthermore, in the lining of the bottom element 2: this opening precisely houses the standard, specially constructed refractory blocks defining the nozzle sprue (not shown).
- Figure 3 illustrates the method followed for producing a single ring-shaped element: for this purpose, side walls or housing jackets 7, 8 are employed, between which a ring-shaped cavity is formed, the refractory material being cast and/or poured and rammed into the latter, as better explained hereinafter.
- the filling may be executed with the so-called “slinger” machines, which hurl the granulated, binder--enriched, refractory material.
- the jackets 7 and 8 may be made in expendable material, such as sheet-metal, so as to be no longer reclaimed once the refractory ring-shaped elements have been placed into the ladle; in particular the inner jacket 7 melts as soon as the ladle is filled for the first time.
- expendable sheet-metal is used, at least the outer jacket 8 should be formed - as shown in figure 4 - of a ring-wrapped sheet, the ends of which 8, 8', partly overlap and are secured to each other for instance simply by means of a clamping wire rod (not shown).
- the sheet-metal can in fact freely follow the expansions of the refractory material and of the metal wall of the ladle, under high working temperatures.
- the inner jacket 7 presents no such problem since, as pointed out hereinabove, it melts as the ladle is filled for the first time.
- jackets 7 and 8 can be made of other material, for instance plywood. If the plywood is coupled with reinforcement structures - for instance wires or wire nets - such jackets may be capable of withstanding the ramming pressure.
- the jackets 7 and 8 may be made of any light material, and the refractory ring-shaped elements are moulded in forms - for instance made of sheet 9 - into several pieces connected to one another by means of bolts 9a, which are removed and recovered just before the final positioning of the refractory element.
- These forms can also be made of wood or of any other properly reinforced suitable material.
- the jackets may be made, depending also on the kind of refractory material employed, of pierced sheet-metal, of cardboard or strong paper and/or wire net.
- brackets may be used, in the shape of hooks or of half rings 10, fixed to reinforcement metal cages (such as those shown in figures 5 and 5A) embedded in the ring-shaped elements, and /or eventually welded to the sheet-metal housing jackets.
- each ring-shaped element may be made up of two or three ring sector units, each with its reinforcement and lifting hooks. These units may then be reassembled on the floor at the foot of the ladle, tied to one another - for instance by means of a steel wire rod or strip - hence lifted by a crane and let down into the ladle as a single element. It is also possible, however, to reassemble these units directly within the ladle.
- the assembly of the refractory ring-shaped elements in the ladle may be carried out by simply placing them one on top of the other inside the ladle, as mentioned previously, or else - in the case of smaller ladles - setting them one on top of the other within an iron rod framework such as the one shown in figure 6, and then lowering them all together into the ladle, almost as if it were a single piece lining.
- each ring-shaped element is directly in contact with the inside face of the wall 1 of the ladle. This makes the assembly extremely simple and quick; but it requires the size of the prefabricated elements to be very precise, so as to match both the size and the shape of the ladle which is to be lined.
- the prefabricated ring-shaped elements may be produced in a range of standard sizes - which obviously facilitates mass prefabrication - and the ladle lining may be formed of ring-shaped elements of smaller outer dimensions than the inside dimensions of the ladle; in this case, at the time of placing the elements in the ladle, a hollow space - its thickness varying between e.g. 30 and 60 mm - is formed between the ring-shaped elements and the wall of the ladle, in which further refractory material can be rammed easily.
- Another advantage offered by this hollow space is to make it possible to produce ring-shaped elements with an outer polygonal surface; in some cases, this simplifies the construction and use of external forms made up of several parts.
- the aforementioned hollow space is normally filled with refractory material in powder and/or grains or, possibly, with a semifluid mixture of refractory, castable material.
- said hollow space - it is also possible to use said hollow space - to the extent that is deemed desirable, and especially in the case of larger hollow spaces - to house a layer 11 of suitably juxtaposed and superposed fire-bricks (see figure 7).
- refractory material used for the prefabrication of these ring-shaped elements preference is given to the use of basic mixtures, essentially containing dolomite calcinated at 1750°C, and/or magnesite calcinated at 1850-1950 o C. Besides these main products, one may use - in quantities prefarably not exceeding 10-35% - olivine, chromite, serpentine, and extra aluminous cement (with a 60 to 80% alumina content) variably blended.
- the following may be used as additive material: 3-8% of sodium aluminate, 4-10% of chromite, 4-8% of aluminous cement, 2-4% of magnesium sulphate, 2-6% of sodium hydroxide, or mixtures of the above with water.
- dolomitic and/or magnesium ore at its natural state (i.e. crude, uncalcinated), especially dolomitic limestone, mixed with up to 30-35% of the following materials: chromite, olivine, serpentine, extra aluminous cement and iron oxides.
- dolomite and/or magnesite lead to the formation of complex calcium and magnesium oxide salts, combined with chromite, alumina and iron oxides.
- calcium and magnesium ferrates are formed (MgO.
- the refractory material may be employed either in fine powder of a diameter not exceeding 0.5 mm, or 1 to 3 mm diameter grains. This material is poured into moulds and then tamped, possibly with the aid of vibrating means.
- the refractory material can be used dry and tamped within the mould in the way described hereabove. It can also be mixed, however, with liquid or semiliquid binders. In this case, a semifluid refractory material mixture can be prepared beforehand and then poured into the mould.
- Suitable binders for the above purpose include: molasses, pitch, self-hardening oily binders, magnesium sulphate binders with sodium aluminate or hydroxide, lactose solutions with natural or synthetic fats, casein emulsions or other similar binders.
- Other known binders may be employed, besides the ones mentioned: binders based on aluminium and chromium phosphates, binders based on vegetable oils, binders based on ethylene, ethanol, glycol and methanol, as well as binders based on silicone resins or polyacrylamic resins, etc.
- the ring-shaped elements can then be fitted directly into the ladle, or be previously subjected to a baking or stabilizing treatment at 600-800°C,
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT25349/80A IT1133899B (it) | 1980-10-15 | 1980-10-15 | Rivestimento refrattario per siviere e procedimento per la sua fabbricazione |
| IT2534980 | 1980-10-15 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0049895A2 true EP0049895A2 (de) | 1982-04-21 |
| EP0049895A3 EP0049895A3 (de) | 1982-07-14 |
Family
ID=11216433
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81108268A Withdrawn EP0049895A3 (de) | 1980-10-15 | 1981-10-13 | Feuerfeste Auskleidung von Giesspfannen und ihre Herstellung |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0049895A3 (de) |
| AR (1) | AR225840A1 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR8106630A (de) |
| ES (1) | ES8400906A1 (de) |
| IT (1) | IT1133899B (de) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2253032A (en) * | 1991-02-15 | 1992-08-26 | Foseco Int | Lining for a metallurgical vessel |
| CN102313451A (zh) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-01-11 | 江苏省方通新型不锈钢制品股份有限公司 | 一种新型的电磁感应炉内衬结构 |
| IT201700040115A1 (it) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-10-11 | Idee Vulcaniche S R L | Preparati per utilizzo in applicazioni industriali e loro procedimenti di produzione |
| CN108658585A (zh) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-10-16 | 苏州佑君环境科技有限公司 | 一种强化型钙镁材料的制备方法 |
| RU2785722C2 (ru) * | 2017-04-11 | 2022-12-12 | Идее Вулканике С.Р.Л. | Композиции для промышленного применения и способы их получения |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1681943A (en) * | 1925-12-18 | 1928-08-28 | New Castle Refractories Compan | Ladle lining |
| FR1205032A (fr) * | 1957-10-29 | 1960-01-29 | Procédé de fabrication d'un revêtement réfractaire pour four à arc | |
| DE1433467A1 (de) * | 1962-10-12 | 1968-11-07 | Cullinan Refractories Ltd | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen grosser Bloecke aus feuerfestem Material |
| FR1557843A (de) * | 1967-01-02 | 1969-02-21 | ||
| DE2236329A1 (de) * | 1972-07-25 | 1974-02-14 | Preussag Ag | Hochhitzebestaendige ofenauskleidung aus keramischem werkstoff |
| FR2355595A1 (fr) * | 1976-06-21 | 1978-01-20 | Feurs Fonderies Acieries Elect | Procede d'execution et de demolition rapides apres usure du garnissage refractaire des poches de coulee, executees a partir de pises ou betons, moyens de mise en oeuvre et les poches executees selon ce procede |
| DE2712128A1 (de) * | 1977-03-19 | 1978-09-28 | Nukem Gmbh | Gluehtiegel zur waermebehandlung von uran-aluminium-legierungen |
-
1980
- 1980-10-15 IT IT25349/80A patent/IT1133899B/it active
-
1981
- 1981-10-13 EP EP81108268A patent/EP0049895A3/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-10-14 BR BR8106630A patent/BR8106630A/pt unknown
- 1981-10-14 ES ES506247A patent/ES8400906A1/es not_active Expired
- 1981-10-15 AR AR287105A patent/AR225840A1/es active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1681943A (en) * | 1925-12-18 | 1928-08-28 | New Castle Refractories Compan | Ladle lining |
| FR1205032A (fr) * | 1957-10-29 | 1960-01-29 | Procédé de fabrication d'un revêtement réfractaire pour four à arc | |
| DE1433467A1 (de) * | 1962-10-12 | 1968-11-07 | Cullinan Refractories Ltd | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen grosser Bloecke aus feuerfestem Material |
| FR1557843A (de) * | 1967-01-02 | 1969-02-21 | ||
| DE2236329A1 (de) * | 1972-07-25 | 1974-02-14 | Preussag Ag | Hochhitzebestaendige ofenauskleidung aus keramischem werkstoff |
| FR2355595A1 (fr) * | 1976-06-21 | 1978-01-20 | Feurs Fonderies Acieries Elect | Procede d'execution et de demolition rapides apres usure du garnissage refractaire des poches de coulee, executees a partir de pises ou betons, moyens de mise en oeuvre et les poches executees selon ce procede |
| DE2712128A1 (de) * | 1977-03-19 | 1978-09-28 | Nukem Gmbh | Gluehtiegel zur waermebehandlung von uran-aluminium-legierungen |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2253032A (en) * | 1991-02-15 | 1992-08-26 | Foseco Int | Lining for a metallurgical vessel |
| CN102313451A (zh) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-01-11 | 江苏省方通新型不锈钢制品股份有限公司 | 一种新型的电磁感应炉内衬结构 |
| IT201700040115A1 (it) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-10-11 | Idee Vulcaniche S R L | Preparati per utilizzo in applicazioni industriali e loro procedimenti di produzione |
| WO2018189685A1 (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-10-18 | Idee Vulcaniche S.R.L. | Preparations for industrial use and their production methods |
| RU2785722C2 (ru) * | 2017-04-11 | 2022-12-12 | Идее Вулканике С.Р.Л. | Композиции для промышленного применения и способы их получения |
| CN108658585A (zh) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-10-16 | 苏州佑君环境科技有限公司 | 一种强化型钙镁材料的制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT8025349A0 (it) | 1980-10-15 |
| BR8106630A (pt) | 1982-06-29 |
| AR225840A1 (es) | 1982-04-30 |
| EP0049895A3 (de) | 1982-07-14 |
| ES506247A0 (es) | 1983-11-16 |
| ES8400906A1 (es) | 1983-11-16 |
| IT1133899B (it) | 1986-07-24 |
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