EP0046960B1 - Matériau d'enregistrement électrophotographique - Google Patents

Matériau d'enregistrement électrophotographique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0046960B1
EP0046960B1 EP81106555A EP81106555A EP0046960B1 EP 0046960 B1 EP0046960 B1 EP 0046960B1 EP 81106555 A EP81106555 A EP 81106555A EP 81106555 A EP81106555 A EP 81106555A EP 0046960 B1 EP0046960 B1 EP 0046960B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
recording material
charge
photoconductor
compound
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81106555A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0046960A2 (fr
EP0046960A3 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Dr. Wiedemann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hoechst AG filed Critical Hoechst AG
Publication of EP0046960A2 publication Critical patent/EP0046960A2/fr
Publication of EP0046960A3 publication Critical patent/EP0046960A3/de
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Publication of EP0046960B1 publication Critical patent/EP0046960B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/147—Cover layers
    • G03G5/14704—Cover layers comprising inorganic material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrophotographic recording material composed of an electrically conductive layer support, optionally an insulating intermediate layer, a photoconductive layer system of organic materials composed of a layer optionally containing a binder with a charge-generating compound and a layer with charge-transporting compound and a protective transparent cover layer.
  • Recording materials with a photoconductive layer of at least one layer with a charge-generating compound and charge-transporting compound are known.
  • highly sensitive, organic photoconductor layers (DE-B-2 314 051) are used on conductive carrier films or tapes due to their high elasticity.
  • very highly sensitive photoconductor systems according to, for example, DE-A-2 734 288 can be used as endless belts because of their great flexibility, which can be guided over deflecting rollers with a relatively small diameter.
  • GB-A-918 234 discloses an electrophotographic recording material made of an electrically conductive base with a layer of photoconductive, insulating material, such as selenium or similar photoconductive material, which is coated with a thin transparent layer of an inorganic material, such as sulfide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide , Silicate and alkaline earth fluoride.
  • the cover layer has a thickness that should begin with significant protection of the photoconductor layer up to a maximum of 2.5 ⁇ m (0.1 mil). A range from approximately 1.25 to 25.4 ⁇ m is specified as the photoconductor layer thickness.
  • a completely different system is presented as suitable from DE-B-1 109 031 corresponding to this patent specification.
  • the photoconductor layer has a thickness in the range from 0.0008 to 0.04 cm and the inorganic cover layer has a thickness from 0.0004 to 0.004 cm. It was therefore not at all clear to the reworking specialist which thickness ranges he should now use, let alone that he should go from this system of inorganic photoconductor / inorganic cover layer to an organic material, as is the case according to the invention.
  • a xerographic storage area which has an anti-reflection and protective coating made of silicon oxide.
  • the disclosure is clearly based on selenium coatings as a photoconductor layer.
  • the thickness of the vapor deposition layer is only given insofar as it is determined optically and the evaporation is ended when the reflectivity passes its first minimum.
  • An electrophotographic recording material of the type described in the introduction does not emerge from this teaching.
  • the object of the invention was to provide the photoconductor systems which are made of organic materials and which are highly light-sensitive in the photoconductor double-layer arrangement, with a cover layer made of materials which are transparent to visible light and which protect them from mechanical or possibly other adverse influences and which do not significantly impair the function of the photoconductor layer and generally the useful life of such Increase systems.
  • an electrophotographic recording material mentioned in claim 1 which is characterized in that the cover layer consists of 1 to 10- 3 Pa at (10- 5 to 10- 8 bar) applied silicon monoxide, magnesium fluoride or calcium fluoride and 0, 5 to 10 microns thick.
  • the multi-layer arrangement can be used more profitably not only on flexible conductive substrates, but also on drums.
  • the electrophotographic recording material according to the invention is shown schematically by FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the photoconductive layer is in the form of a double-layer arrangement which consists of a layer 2 containing charge carrier-producing compounds, as is expressed in FIGS. 1 and 2, and a layer containing charge-transporting compounds under the respective position 3.
  • the conductive layer support is indicated with 1 in each case.
  • An insulating intermediate layer is indicated at position 4, position 5 shows a layer of charge-generating compound in dispersion.
  • Position 7 indicates the protective cover layer according to the invention.
  • aluminum foil optionally transparent, aluminum-vapor-coated or laminated polyester foil
  • any other layer support made sufficiently conductive can be used.
  • the insulating intermediate layer can be produced by a thermally, anodically or chemically produced aluminum oxide intermediate layer. It can also consist of organic materials. For example, different natural or synthetic resin binders are used that adhere well to a metal or aluminum surface and dissolve little when the other layers are subsequently applied, such as polyamide resins, polyvinylphosphonic acid, polyurethanes, polyester resins or specifically alkali-soluble binders, such as Example styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers.
  • the thickness of such organic intermediate layers can be up to 5 gm, that of the aluminum oxide layer is mostly in the range of 0.01-1 ⁇ m.
  • Dyes according to DE-A-2 246 255, 2 253 639 and 2 356 370 can also be used, for example.
  • the application of a homogeneous, densely packed layer 2 is preferably obtained by vacuum deposition.
  • An advantageous layer thickness range of layer 2 is between 0.005 and 3 ⁇ m, since the adhesive strength and homogeneity of the vapor-deposited compound are particularly favorable here.
  • homogeneous, well-covering dye layers with thicknesses of the order of 0.1 ⁇ 3 ⁇ m can also be obtained by grinding the dye with a binder, in particular with highly viscous cellulose nitrates and / or crosslinking binder systems, for example polyisocyanate-crosslinkable acrylic resins. Lacquers based on polyisocyanates and hydroxyl-containing polyester or ether and by subsequently applying these dye dispersions 5 to the substrate can be produced, as can be seen from FIG. 3.
  • Organic materials which have an extensive z-electron system are particularly suitable as the material for the charge transport in layer 3. These include, in particular, monomeric aromatic or heterocyclic compounds which have at least one dialkylamino group or two alkoxy groups.
  • Oxdiazole derivatives which are mentioned in German Patent 1,058,836, have proven particularly useful. These include in particular 2,5-bis- (p-diethylaminophenyl) -oxdiazole-1,3,4.
  • Suitable monomeric electron donor compounds are, for example, triphenylamine derivatives, more highly condensed aromatic compounds such as pyrene, benzo-condensed heterocycles, and also pyrazoline or imidazole derivatives (DE-B-1 060 714, 1 106 599), which also include triazole, thiadiazole and especially oxazole derivatives, for example 2-phenyl-4- (2-chlorophenyl) -5- (4-diethylamino) oxazole, as are disclosed in German patents 1,060,260, 1,299,296, 120,875.
  • the charge transport layer 3 has practically no photosensitivity in the visible range (420-750 nm). It preferably consists of a mixture of an electron donor compound with a resin binder if negative charging is to be carried out.
  • Layer 3 is preferably transparent. However, it is also possible that it does not need to be transparent, for example in the case of a transparent, conductive layer support. It has a high electrical resistance ( ⁇ 10 12 ⁇ ) and prevents the discharge of electrostatic charge in the dark. When exposed, it transports the charges generated in the organic dye layer.
  • the added binder influences both the mechanical behavior such as abrasion, flexibility, film formation etc. and to a certain extent the electrophotographic behavior such as photosensitivity, residual charge and cyclical behavior.
  • Film-forming compounds such as polyester resins, polyvinyl chloride / polyvinyl acetate copolymers, styrene / maleic anhydride copolymers, polycarbonates, silicone resins, polyurethanes, epoxy resins, acrylates, polyvinyl acetals, polystyrenes, cellulose derivatives such as cellulose acetobutyrates etc. are used as binders.
  • post-crosslinking binder systems such as DD coatings (eg Desmophen / Desmodur ®, Bayer AG), polyisocyanatvernetzbare acrylate resins, melamine resins, resins of unsaturated polyesters, etc. applied successfully.
  • the mixing ratio of the charge transporting compound to the binder can vary. However, the requirement for maximum photosensitivity, i. H. the largest possible proportion of charge-transporting compound and after avoiding crystallization and increasing flexibility, d. H. as large a proportion of binders as possible, relatively certain limits.
  • a mixing ratio of about 1: 1 parts by weight has generally been found to be preferred, but ratios between 4: 1 to 1: 2 are also suitable.
  • the thickness of the layer 3 is preferably between about 3 and 20 gm.
  • Leveling agents such as silicone oils, wetting agents, in particular nonionic substances, plasticizers of different compositions, such as, for example, based on chlorinated hydrocarbons or based on phthalic acid esters are added to the layer as customary additives. If necessary, sensitizers and / or acceptors can also be added to the charge transport layer, but only to the extent that the optical transparency of the charge transport layer is not significantly impaired.
  • the protective cover layer formed on the organic photoconductor system has a uniform thickness of 0.5-10 ⁇ m, preferably 0.5-5 ⁇ m. This range of thicknesses is suitable because, on the one hand, this does not significantly influence the charge flow during the exposure and discharge process, and on the other hand, a significantly improved abrasion behavior is achieved.
  • the selection of the inorganic vapor deposition materials depends primarily on their evaporation temperature and rate, their resistance to evaporation and the properties of the vapor-deposited protective layers, such as homogeneous film formation, flexibility, surface conductivity (also depending on the air humidity) and the spectral Translucency.
  • Materials such as silicon monoxide or magnesium fluoride can improve the anti-reflective behavior of the photoconductor layer, which is reflected in better utilization of the incident light. They are therefore used with particular preference.
  • these materials can be vapor-deposited in vacuum from electrically heated tungsten, molybdenum or tantalum boats at a substrate temperature of ⁇ 50 ° C. Electron beam evaporators may also be necessary for certain materials.
  • cover layers according to the invention have the advantage that they prevent surface effects which arise during handling of the photoconductor, for example crystallization effects by hand contact.
  • cover layers according to the invention are preferably used as layer supports on photoconductor drums.
  • an electrophotographic recording material which, in the order given, consists of aluminum-coated 75 ⁇ m thick polyester film as an electrically conductive substrate, a dye layer of N, N'-dimethylperylimide (CI 71 129) as a charge-generating compound
  • the evaporation takes place from tungsten boats, which are heated in a direct current passage.
  • the material to be vapor-coated on one side for comparison purposes is clamped onto a rotating drum and varied from 5 to 15 minutes by means of different evaporation times in order to produce different SiO layer thicknesses.
  • the residual charge (U R ) after 0.1 sec, determined from the above bright discharge curves, is a further measure of the discharge of a photoconductor layer.
  • a recording material vaporized on one side with SiO at 2 g / m 2 according to Example 1 is exposed to the copying process in a copier (25 copies / min.)
  • a magnetic brush device with a two-component toner mixture is used for development.
  • To clean residual toner the material is guided past a rotating brush. It can be seen that surface filming, resulting from the toner / photoconductor surface interaction, limits the service life of the unprotected surface. After 2000 copies, clear surface filming is already visible, but not at all on the protected surface.
  • the aperture margin (max. Opening) is used for the production of perfect copies of the unprotected material by filming the surface, while the material according to the invention can be copied further in the initial aperture position.
  • magnesium fluoride is evaporated as a protective layer instead of silicon monoxide.
  • the photosensitivity is not yet reduced:
  • a layer of charge-generating compound N, N'-bis (3-methoxy-propyl) perylimide according to DE-B-2 451 781) and a charge transport layer thickness 8.6 g / m 2
  • a top layer of silicon monoxide is evaporated to a thickness of about 3 g / m 2 , as indicated in Example 1.
  • the abrasion of both layers is measured on a standard abrasion device (Taber Abraser Type 352) under the following conditions:
  • the abrasion in g / m 2 is the quotient of the gravimetrically determined abrasion and the abrasion area.
  • the abrasion of the unprotected material results in approx. 2.5 g / m 2
  • the material provided with a covering layer has an abrasion of 0.9 g / m 2 .
  • Abrasion is therefore reduced by a factor of 3.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Matériau d'enregistrement électrophotographique constitué d'un support de couche électrocon- ducteur, éventuellement d'une couche intermédiaire isolante, d'un système de couches photoconducteur en matériaux organiques constitué d'une couche contenant éventuellement des liants, comprenant un composé générateur de porteurs de charges, et d'une couche comprenant un composé transportant les charges ainsi que d'une couche de couverture transparente protectrice, caractérisé en ce que la couche de couverture est constituée de monooxyde de silicium, de fluorure de magnésium ou de fluorure de calcium déposé sous une pression de 1 à 10-3 Pa et a une épaisseur de 0,5 à 10 pm.
2. Matériau d'enregistrement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on emploie comme composé générateur de porteurs de charges un colorant organique.
3. Matériau d'enregistrement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on emploie comme composés transportant les charges des composés aromatiques ou hétérocycliques monomères possédant au moins un groupe dialkylamino ou deux groupes alcoxy.
4. Matériau d'enregistrement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on emploie comme liant pour la couche photoconductrice du nitrate de cellulose.
EP81106555A 1980-08-30 1981-08-24 Matériau d'enregistrement électrophotographique Expired EP0046960B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803032775 DE3032775A1 (de) 1980-08-30 1980-08-30 Elektrophotographisches aufzeichnungsmaterial
DE3032775 1980-08-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0046960A2 EP0046960A2 (fr) 1982-03-10
EP0046960A3 EP0046960A3 (en) 1982-08-04
EP0046960B1 true EP0046960B1 (fr) 1985-10-02

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EP81106555A Expired EP0046960B1 (fr) 1980-08-30 1981-08-24 Matériau d'enregistrement électrophotographique

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0046960B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5789765A (fr)
AU (1) AU545993B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE3032775A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4489148A (en) * 1983-04-25 1984-12-18 Xerox Corporation Overcoated photoresponsive device
JPS62100766A (ja) * 1985-10-29 1987-05-11 Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd 電子写真感光体

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2886434A (en) * 1955-06-06 1959-05-12 Horizons Inc Protected photoconductive element and method of making same
US3867143A (en) * 1969-01-17 1975-02-18 Canon Kk Electrophotographic photosensitive material
GB1339179A (en) * 1971-05-06 1973-11-28 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Xerographic recording surfaces
JPS49122337A (fr) * 1973-03-23 1974-11-22
JPS5315141A (en) * 1976-07-27 1978-02-10 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Photosensitive member for electrophotography

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5789765A (en) 1982-06-04
DE3032775A1 (de) 1982-05-06
DE3172533D1 (en) 1985-11-07
AU545993B2 (en) 1985-08-08
AU7426481A (en) 1982-03-11
EP0046960A2 (fr) 1982-03-10
EP0046960A3 (en) 1982-08-04

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