EP0046457B1 - Four-axle bogie for a low-platform railway truck - Google Patents

Four-axle bogie for a low-platform railway truck Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0046457B1
EP0046457B1 EP81890136A EP81890136A EP0046457B1 EP 0046457 B1 EP0046457 B1 EP 0046457B1 EP 81890136 A EP81890136 A EP 81890136A EP 81890136 A EP81890136 A EP 81890136A EP 0046457 B1 EP0046457 B1 EP 0046457B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bogie
compensating
axle
lever
bogie according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81890136A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0046457A1 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Dipl.-Ing. Pelz
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Simmering Graz Pauker AG
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Simmering Graz Pauker AG
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Publication of EP0046457A1 publication Critical patent/EP0046457A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B61F5/52—Bogie frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F3/00—Types of bogies
    • B61F3/02—Types of bogies with more than one axle
    • B61F3/08—Types of bogies with more than one axle without driven axles or wheels
    • B61F3/10—Types of bogies with more than one axle without driven axles or wheels with three or more axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F3/00—Types of bogies
    • B61F3/14—Types of bogies specially modified for reducing air resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/36—Arrangements for equalising or adjusting the load on wheels or springs, e.g. yokes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a four-axle bogie for low-floor wagons, with two H-shaped frames each carrying two sets of wheels, which are connected in an articulated manner to a main beam forming a crossbeam and receiving the rotary bearing of the bogie.
  • the AT-A-305 360 shows a four-axle bogie with two H-shaped frames for two axles each and a main beam with which the H-frames are articulated.
  • the main frame or main beam is H-shaped and, with the ends of its legs, articulates around the crossbars of the H-frame.
  • the aim of the invention is to achieve a uniform distribution of the axle loads even on poor track and thus good running properties; Furthermore, the bogie according to the invention with a mechanical or hydraulic compensation device should also be suitable for extreme ramp journeys and for ferry operation.
  • the carriage structure is mounted on the crossbar by means of a plunger rigidly attached to it, in that the ends of the longitudinal beams of the H-shaped frames facing the crossbar are each directly or about a horizontal axis with the interposition of a two-armed lever are pivotally articulated on the crossbeam and that the vehicle body is supported on each side member by means of a suspension spring.
  • axles of the two biaxial bogie parts are each braked by a common, balanced braking system, which ensures uniform application of the braking force.
  • the articulation of the two-axle bogie parts on the crossbeams each in a separate mounting enables the two bogie parts to change their position without force even when the track is in the most unfavorable position, especially when driving on extreme ramps and especially when entering from a straight line into the slope, thereby preventing vertical Forces are transmitted from one bogie part to the other bogie part.
  • a rotation of the crossbar is made possible by the plunger, which is designed to be pivotable on all sides in the known manner in the manner of a ball joint. This arrangement avoids additional axle pressure changes that can arise from the mutual change in position of the two bogie parts. This is an essential technical effect compared to DE-A-1 605 094, in which the bogie part is supported by a common bolt.
  • the design of the bogie according to the invention further ensures that the driving properties of the bogie are not impaired even with different braking forces in both bogie parts and any unevenness in the track.
  • the abutments of the suspension springs located one behind the other in the direction of travel are e.g. connected as a pull or push rod compensation device.
  • the design of the compensating device as a pull rod has the advantage that it does not have to be dimensioned as strongly as a push rod, as a result of which material and weight can be saved.
  • the abutments could also be designed in a known manner as pistons of hydraulic cylinders which are connected by an equalizing line.
  • DE-G-439 045 shows a base frame for railway carriages, in which one end of each two axles of a pair of axles connected by their other ends to a longitudinal compensation lever are connected to one another by parts in such a way that an additional load on the egg NEN spring is evenly distributed on both springs.
  • AT-A-325 663 discloses a device for balancing the axle pressures on a chassis of a rail vehicle with two alternately pressurized pneumatic or hydraulic pressure elements for transmitting a substantially downward balancing force to the front or rear end of the chassis, the two pressure elements are each connected via a pressure line.
  • DE-A-2 317 562 shows a rail bogie with four wheel sets, two of which are supported on both sides of the vehicle by axle springs connected to one another by longitudinal compensation levers on the chassis frame, the longitudinal compensation levers on the vehicle frame being vertically movable and compensated by a hydraulic system on one vehicle side .
  • the main cross member of the bogie is designated 1 and consists of a box-like support member or cross bar 2, which is provided in the middle with a recess 3 for receiving a storage, not shown, for the plunger rigidly attached to the car body.
  • This plunger bearing essentially consists of a sleeve into which the plunger fits axially displaceably, a spherical thickening which sits on the sleeve and a holder which receives this spherical thickening and is fastened in the recess 3.
  • This storage can be in an oil bath and is therefore maintenance-free.
  • the main beam 1 can therefore axially, i.e.. vertical, move, twist and tilt in any direction.
  • two extensions 4 rigidly connected to or extending from this are provided at each end of the box-like support part 2, on which the H-shaped frames 5 on the main Cross member 1 facing ends of their longitudinal parts 8 are pivoted about horizontal axes 6.
  • These frames 5 consist of a cross member 7 designed as a box girder and the longitudinal parts 8, which are each provided with two recesses 9 for receiving the axle journals 10 of the wheel sets 11 - not shown.
  • a pot-like, open top recess 12 is provided at the transition point between the transverse part 7 and each longitudinal part 8, the central plane of which is transverse to the direction of travel preferably coinciding with the longitudinal central plane of the transverse part 7;
  • the springs to be described, including supports, are located in these recesses. Due to their shape and their dimensions, the H-shaped frames 5 have a certain degree of torsion, which is deliberately used in the inventive bogie.
  • each bogie in order to cushion the car structure 14, which is only indicated.
  • These are designed as helical springs and can preferably have a non-linear or progressive overall characteristic curve in the usual manner by arranging two helical springs with different characteristics and different lengths, one inside the other or one behind the other, if necessary by interposing a blocker pot.
  • the top of each spring 15 is provided with a support plate 16 which carries the underside of the carriage structure 14 via a sliding coating 17 attached to it.
  • a double-armed lever 4 ' is provided at least at one end of the main cross member 1, which is articulated to the support part 2 or on the latter about a longitudinal axis 2 located in the longitudinal center plane of the main cross member 1 'is pivotally mounted.
  • the longitudinal parts 8 of the transverse parts 7 are pivotally mounted via silent blocks.
  • the springs 15 are each provided on their underside with a support plate or an abutment 19 which in turn rests on the free end of a support lever 20.
  • the end of this support lever is forked and embraced the bolt 18.
  • the ends of the support levers 20 have curved tops 21 so that they can roll on the underside of the support plate 19 during their pivoting movements without any friction.
  • the support levers 20 are each attached to a short shaft 22, which is rotatably mounted in the two walls of the pot-like recess 12.
  • the shafts attached to both sides of each H-shaped frame 5 have a common horizontal axis 22 ', which runs in a central vertical plane of the carrier 7, which preferably has the same distance from the axes of the two wheel sets 11 of the H-shaped frame 5 (cf. especially Figure 4 left).
  • One end of each shaft 22 is extended beyond the outer wall of the longitudinal part 8 and carries a compensating lever 23 there.
  • the two compensating levers 23 located on the same bogie side are inclined towards one another in the drawing and are coupled to one another by a compensating device. However, they can also preferably be arranged perpendicularly and parallel to one another.
  • this compensating device consists of a pull rod 24, which is connected at its ends to the compensating lever 23 in an articulated manner via bolts 25.
  • a vibration damper can be placed between the tie rods 24 or one of the two compensating levers 23 and the side wall of the bogie;
  • these vibration dampers lying essentially horizontally, are each articulated between the tie rods 24 and the ends of the main cross member 1.
  • the suspension springs 15 are not arranged as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, between the lever 23 and the outer one, but as shown in FIG. 6, the adjacent inner wheel set 11, the levers 23 being able to diverge upwards. This construction reduces the distance between the pivot pin and the slide plate, which reduces the restoring force in the slide plate support.
  • FIG. 8 shows that position of the bogie in which the first axis of the bogie has increased by the amount a 3 and its last axis has just reached the start A of ramp B. It can be clearly seen that, because the left H-frame is also raised, the compensating levers 23 have pivoted a little further clockwise. However, it can also be seen that the lengths of the springs 15 'and 15 "have remained the same. The inclination of the support part 2 with respect to the horizontal when the ramp B is approached (cf.
  • Each compensating lever is connected to the rod of a piston via a link, which is preferably subjected to pressure, which can move in a substantially horizontal cylinder attached to the H-shaped support.
  • the cylinders are closed at one end and filled with a liquid (hydraulic oil and the like).
  • the two cylinders on each side of the bogie are connected by a pressure-resistant line.
  • the support plate 19 is also the possibility of designing the support plate 19 as a piston of a cylinder and of connecting both pairs of cylinders lying at right angles to the direction of travel with an oil pressure line, the mechanical compensation device being dispensed with.
  • a throttling point for example in the form of a valve, can be provided in the pressure line connecting the two cylinders in order to dampen vibrations which can occur on poor tracks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein vierachsiges Drehgestell für Niederflurwagen, mit zwei je zwei Radsätzen tragenden, H-förmigen Rahmen, die mit einem einen Querbalken bildenden und die Drehlagerung des Drehgestelles aufnehmenden Hauptträger gelenkig verbunden sind.The invention relates to a four-axle bogie for low-floor wagons, with two H-shaped frames each carrying two sets of wheels, which are connected in an articulated manner to a main beam forming a crossbeam and receiving the rotary bearing of the bogie.

Durch die DE-A-1 605 094 ist ein Radgestell für niedrig gebaute Eisenbahnwagen gemäss den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 bekannt geworden, bei welchem zwei H-Rahmen mittels eines gemeinsamen Gelenks verbunden und über Federn an einem Mittelquerträger abgestützt sind.From DE-A-1 605 094 a wheel frame for low-build railway wagons has become known according to the features of the preamble of claim 1, in which two H-frames are connected by means of a common joint and are supported on a central cross member via springs.

Die AT-A-305 360 zeigt ein vierachsiges Drehgestell mit zwei H-förmigen Rahmen für je zwei Achsen und einen Hauptträger, mit welchem die H-Rahmen gelenkig verbunden sind. Bei dieser Konstruktion ist der Hauptrahmen oder Hauptträger H-förmig und umfasst mit den Enden seiner Schenkel gelenkig die Querstege der H-Rahmen.The AT-A-305 360 shows a four-axle bogie with two H-shaped frames for two axles each and a main beam with which the H-frames are articulated. In this construction, the main frame or main beam is H-shaped and, with the ends of its legs, articulates around the crossbars of the H-frame.

Die Erfindung hat zum Ziel, eine gleichmässige Verteilung der Achslasten auch bei schlechtem Gleis und damit gute Laufeigenschaften zu erreichen; des weiteren soll sich das erfindungsgemässe Drehgestell mit einer mechanischen oder hydraulischen Ausgleichsvorrichtung auch für extreme Rampenfahrten und für den Fährbetrieb eignen.The aim of the invention is to achieve a uniform distribution of the axle loads even on poor track and thus good running properties; Furthermore, the bogie according to the invention with a mechanical or hydraulic compensation device should also be suitable for extreme ramp journeys and for ferry operation.

Diese Aufgabe konnte mit den bekannten Konstruktionen nicht oder nur ungenügend gelöst werden.This task could not be solved with the known constructions or only insufficiently.

Das gesteckte Ziel wird dadurch erreicht, dass bei einem Drehgestell der eingangs erwähnten Art erfindungsgemäss der Wagenaufbau mittels eines starr an ihm befestigten Tauchzapfens am Querbalken gelagert ist, dass die dem Querbalken zugewendeten Enden der Längsträger der H-förmigen Rahmen um je eine horizontale Achse unmittelbar oder unter Zwischenschaltung eines zweiarmigen Hebels schwenkbar am Querbalken angelenkt sind und dass der Fahrzeugaufbau an jedem Längsträger mittels jeweils einer Tragfeder abgestützt ist.The objective is achieved in that, in a bogie of the type mentioned at the outset, the carriage structure is mounted on the crossbar by means of a plunger rigidly attached to it, in that the ends of the longitudinal beams of the H-shaped frames facing the crossbar are each directly or about a horizontal axis with the interposition of a two-armed lever are pivotally articulated on the crossbeam and that the vehicle body is supported on each side member by means of a suspension spring.

Da die Achslasten die eventuell in horizontaler Richtung auftretenden Kraftkomponenten überwiegen, wird stets eine horizontale Lage der Längsträger des Drehgestells bewirkt und damit auch die horizontale Lage des zweiarmigen Hebels definiert.Since the axle loads outweigh the force components that may occur in the horizontal direction, a horizontal position of the longitudinal members of the bogie is always achieved and thus also the horizontal position of the two-armed lever is defined.

Bei diesem vierachsigen Drehgestell, bei welchem sich der Fahrzeugaufbau beispielsweise über je eine Tragfeder direkt auf jeden Längsträger abstützt, hat es sich gezeigt, dass auch bei ungünstigster Gleislage ein Achsdruckausgleich innerhalb der ersten zwei Radsätze und auch innerhalb der zweiten zwei Radsätze stattfindet, gleichgültig ob die Lagerung der H-Rahmen unter Vermittlung eines zweiarmigen Hebels erfolgt oder nicht.With this four-axle bogie, in which the vehicle body is supported directly on each side member, for example via a suspension spring, it has been shown that even with the most unfavorable track position, axle pressure compensation takes place within the first two wheel sets and also within the second two wheel sets, regardless of whether that Storage of the H-frame with the help of a two-armed lever takes place or not.

Die Achsen der beiden zweiachsigen Drehgestellteile werden jeweils durch eine gemeinsame ausgeglichene Bremsanlage gebremst, wodurch eine gleichmässige Bremskraftaufbringung gewährleistet ist.The axles of the two biaxial bogie parts are each braked by a common, balanced braking system, which ensures uniform application of the braking force.

Praktische Versuche bei Laufgeschwindigkeiten bis zu 133 km/h haben besonders günstiges Laufverhalten und ausgezeichnete Laufwertziffern ergeben.Practical tests at running speeds of up to 133 km / h have shown particularly favorable running behavior and excellent running figures.

Die Anlenkung der zweiachsigen Drehgestellteile an den Querbalken jeweils in einer getrennten Lagerung ermöglicht auch bei ungünstigster Gleislage, vor allem bei extremen Rampenfahrten und hier besonders bei der Einfahrt von der Geraden in die Neigung, eine gegenseitige kraftlose Lageveränderung der beiden Drehgestellteile und verhindert dadurch, dass vertikale Kräfte von einem Drehgestellteil auf den anderen Drehgestellteil übertragen werden. Eine Verdrehung des Querbalkens wird durch den Tauchzapfen, der in der bekannten Weise nach Art eines Kugelgelenkes allseitig schwenkbar ausgebildet ist, ermöglicht. Durch diese Anordnung werden zusätzliche Achsdruckveränderungen, die aus der gegenseitigen Lageveränderung der beiden Drehgestellteile entstehen können, vermieden. Dies ist ein wesentlicher technischer Effekt gegenüber der DE-A-1 605 094, in der eine Lagerung des Drehgestellteiles über einen gemeinsamen Bolzen erfolgt.The articulation of the two-axle bogie parts on the crossbeams each in a separate mounting enables the two bogie parts to change their position without force even when the track is in the most unfavorable position, especially when driving on extreme ramps and especially when entering from a straight line into the slope, thereby preventing vertical Forces are transmitted from one bogie part to the other bogie part. A rotation of the crossbar is made possible by the plunger, which is designed to be pivotable on all sides in the known manner in the manner of a ball joint. This arrangement avoids additional axle pressure changes that can arise from the mutual change in position of the two bogie parts. This is an essential technical effect compared to DE-A-1 605 094, in which the bogie part is supported by a common bolt.

Durch die erfindungsgemässe Ausbildung des Drehgestelles wird weiters erreicht, dass selbst bei unterschiedlichen Bremskräften in beiden Drehgestellteilen und allfälligen Gleisunebenheiten die Fahreigenschaften des Drehgestelles nicht beeinträchtigt werden.The design of the bogie according to the invention further ensures that the driving properties of the bogie are not impaired even with different braking forces in both bogie parts and any unevenness in the track.

Da jedoch bei extremen Rampenfahrten, wie beispielsweise beim Auffahren auf Fährschiffe, mit beweglich angeordneten Auffahrrampen, bei Sondereinsätzen und provisorisch verlegten unebenen Gleisabschnitten der Achsdruck zwischen den ersten beiden Radsätzen und den zweiten beiden Radsätzen durch das ungleiche Zusammendrücken derTragfedern, die sich direkt am gemeinsamen Fahrzeugaufbau abstützen, grössere Unterschiede aufweisen kann, wurde eine Einrichtung geschaffen, welche innerhalb des vierachsigen Drehgestelles einen Ausgleich zwischen den Tragfedern einer Wagenseite ermöglicht, und so eine Über- oder Entlastung der einzelnen Räder verhindert.However, in extreme ramp journeys, such as when boarding ferries, with movably arranged ramps, with special operations and temporarily uneven track sections, the axle pressure between the first two wheel sets and the second two wheel sets is caused by the uneven compression of the suspension springs, which are supported directly on the common vehicle body , may have greater differences, a device was created which allows compensation between the suspension springs on one side of the wagon within the four-axle bogie, thus preventing the individual wheels from being overloaded or relieved.

In vorteilhafter Weise sind die Widerlager der in der Fahrtrichtung hintereinander gelegenen Tragfedern durch eine z.B. als Zug- oder Druckstange ausgebildete Ausgleichsvorrichtung verbunden. Die Ausbildung der Ausgleichsvorrichtung als Zugstange erbringt den Vorteil, dass diese nicht so stark wie eine Druckstange dimensioniert werden muss, wodurch an Material und Gewicht eingespart werden kann. Hiebei könnten die Widerlager in bekannter Weise auch als Kolben hydraulischer Zylinder, die durch eine Ausgleichsleitung verbunden sind, ausgebildet sein.Advantageously, the abutments of the suspension springs located one behind the other in the direction of travel are e.g. connected as a pull or push rod compensation device. The design of the compensating device as a pull rod has the advantage that it does not have to be dimensioned as strongly as a push rod, as a result of which material and weight can be saved. The abutments could also be designed in a known manner as pistons of hydraulic cylinders which are connected by an equalizing line.

Mechanische und hydraulische Ausgleichsvorrichtungen sind ebenfalls an sich bekannt. So zeigt die DE-G-439 045 ein Untergestell für Eisenbahnwagen, bei welchen die einen Enden je zweier mit ihrem anderen Enden an je einen Längsausgleichshebel angeschlossener Achsfedern eines Radsatzpaares durch Teile derartig miteinander verbunden sind, dass eine Mehrbelastung der einen Feder sich gleichmässig auf beide Federn verteilt.Mechanical and hydraulic balancing devices are also known per se. For example, DE-G-439 045 shows a base frame for railway carriages, in which one end of each two axles of a pair of axles connected by their other ends to a longitudinal compensation lever are connected to one another by parts in such a way that an additional load on the egg NEN spring is evenly distributed on both springs.

Weiters offenbart die AT-A-325 663 eine Vorrichtung zum Ausgleichen der Achsdrücke an einem Fahrgestell eines Schienenfahrzeuges mit zwei wechselweise beaufschlagbaren pneumatischen oder hydraulischen Druckelementen zum Übertragen je einer im wesentlichen abwärts gerichteten Ausgleichskraft auf das vordere bzw. das hintere Ende des Fahrgestelles, wobei die beiden Druckelemente je über eine Druckleitung verbunden sind.Furthermore, AT-A-325 663 discloses a device for balancing the axle pressures on a chassis of a rail vehicle with two alternately pressurized pneumatic or hydraulic pressure elements for transmitting a substantially downward balancing force to the front or rear end of the chassis, the two pressure elements are each connected via a pressure line.

Schliesslich zeigt die DE-A-2 317 562 ein Schienendrehgestell, mit vier Radsätzen, von denen jeweils zwei auf beiden Fahrzeugseiten durch über Längsausgleichshebel miteinander verbundene Achsfedern am Fahrgestellrahmen abgestützt sind, wobei auf einer Fahrzeugseite die Längsausgleichshebel am Fahrgestellrahmen höhenbeweglich und über ein Hydrauliksystem ausgeglichen sind.Finally, DE-A-2 317 562 shows a rail bogie with four wheel sets, two of which are supported on both sides of the vehicle by axle springs connected to one another by longitudinal compensation levers on the chassis frame, the longitudinal compensation levers on the vehicle frame being vertically movable and compensated by a hydraulic system on one vehicle side .

Alle bekannten Konstruktionen stehen in Verbindung mit Drehgestellen anderer Bauart als das erfindungsgemässe, so dass mit den bekannten Ausbildungen andere Fahreigenschaften des Drehgestelles als mit den erfindungsgemässen Vorschlägen erzielt werden.All known constructions are in connection with bogies of a different type than the one according to the invention, so that with the known designs different driving properties of the bogie than with the proposals according to the invention are achieved.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung werden im folgenden an Hand der Zeichnungen erläutert, welche drei Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemässen Drehgestellesveranschaulichen. Es zeigen

  • Figur 1 eine vereinfachte Seitenansicht des Drehgestells,
  • Figur 2 die zugehörige Draufsicht, mit weggelassenen Teilen,
  • Figur 3 den Ausschnitt A nach Figur 2 in geänderter Ausführungsform,
  • Figur 4 eine Ausführungsform des Drehgestelles mit Ausgleichsvorrichtung in vereinfachter Darstellung in Seitenansicht,
  • Figur 5 die zugehörige Draufsicht,
  • Figur 6 eine geänderte Konstruktion nach Figur 4, und
  • Figur 7 und 8 das Verhalten der Ausgleichsvorrichtung beim Überfahren eines Steigungsanfanges.
Further features of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawings, which illustrate three exemplary embodiments of the bogie according to the invention. Show it
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified side view of the bogie,
  • FIG. 2 the associated top view, with parts omitted,
  • FIG. 3 shows the detail A according to FIG. 2 in a modified embodiment,
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the bogie with compensation device in a simplified representation in a side view,
  • FIG. 5 the associated top view,
  • Figure 6 shows a modified construction according to Figure 4, and
  • Figures 7 and 8, the behavior of the compensation device when driving over a slope start.

Der Hauptquerträger des Drehgestelles ist mit 1 bezeichnet und besteht aus einem kastenartigen Tragteil bzw. Querbalken 2, der in seiner Mitte mit einer Ausnehmung 3 zur Aufnahme einer nicht gezeigten Lagerung für den am Wagenaufbau starr befestigten Tauchzapfen versehen ist. Diese Tauchzapfen-Lagerung besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Hülse, in welche der Tauchzapfen axial verschiebbar passt, einer kugelförmigen, auf der Hülse sitzenden Verdickung und einer diese kugelförmige Verdickung aufnehmenden Halterung, die in der Ausnehmung 3 befestigt wird. Diese Lagerung kann sich in einem Ölbad befinden und ist daher wartungsfrei. Der Hauptträger 1 kann sich daher gegenüber dem Tauchzapfen axial, d.h. vertikal, verschieben, verdrehen und nach jeder Richtung schräg stellen.The main cross member of the bogie is designated 1 and consists of a box-like support member or cross bar 2, which is provided in the middle with a recess 3 for receiving a storage, not shown, for the plunger rigidly attached to the car body. This plunger bearing essentially consists of a sleeve into which the plunger fits axially displaceably, a spherical thickening which sits on the sleeve and a holder which receives this spherical thickening and is fastened in the recess 3. This storage can be in an oil bath and is therefore maintenance-free. The main beam 1 can therefore axially, i.e.. vertical, move, twist and tilt in any direction.

An jedem Ende des kastenartigen Tragteils 2 sind bei den Ausführungsformen des Drehgestelles nach den Figuren 1 und 2 sowie 4 und 5 zwei mit diesem starr verbundene bzw. von diesem ausgehende Fortsätze 4 vorgesehen, an welchen die H-förmigen Rahmen 5 an den dem Haupt-Querträger 1 zugekehrten Enden ihrer Längsteile 8 um horizontale Achsen 6 schwenkbar angelenkt sind.In the embodiments of the bogie according to FIGS. 1 and 2 and 4 and 5, two extensions 4 rigidly connected to or extending from this are provided at each end of the box-like support part 2, on which the H-shaped frames 5 on the main Cross member 1 facing ends of their longitudinal parts 8 are pivoted about horizontal axes 6.

Diese Rahmen 5 bestehen aus einem als Kastenträger ausgebildeten Querteil 7 und den Längsteilen 8, die mit je zwei Ausnehmungen 9 zur Aufnahme der die Achsstummel 10 der Radsätze 11 haltenden Achslager - nicht gezeigt - versehen sind. Bei der Ausführungsform des Drehgestelles nach den Figuren 1 und 2 ist an der Übergangsstelle zwischen Querteil 7 und jedem Längsteil 8 eine topfartige, oben offene Ausnehmung 12 vorgesehen, deren quer zur Fahrtrichtung gelegene Mittelebene mit der Längsmittelebene des Querteiles 7 vorzugsweise zusammenfällt; in diesen Ausnehmungen befinden sich die noch zu beschreibenden Federn samt Unterstützungen. Die H-förmigen Rahmen 5 haben auf Grund ihrer Form und auch durch ihre Dimensionierung eine gewisse Verwindungsfähigkeit, von welcher beim erfindungsgemässen Drehgestell bewusst Gebrauch gemacht wird.These frames 5 consist of a cross member 7 designed as a box girder and the longitudinal parts 8, which are each provided with two recesses 9 for receiving the axle journals 10 of the wheel sets 11 - not shown. In the embodiment of the bogie according to FIGS. 1 and 2, a pot-like, open top recess 12 is provided at the transition point between the transverse part 7 and each longitudinal part 8, the central plane of which is transverse to the direction of travel preferably coinciding with the longitudinal central plane of the transverse part 7; The springs to be described, including supports, are located in these recesses. Due to their shape and their dimensions, the H-shaped frames 5 have a certain degree of torsion, which is deliberately used in the inventive bogie.

Die nicht gezeigten Achslager für die Achsstummel 10 sind an der Oberseite 13 der Ausnehmung 9 durch Gummiplatten abgestützt und können daher geringfügige Vertikal- sowie Schwenkbewegungen gegenüber dem Rahmen 5 ausführen, wenn sich dieser infolge von Gleisunebenheiten verwindet. Zur Abfederung des nur angedeuteten Wagenaufbaues 14 sind an jedem Drehgestell vier Tragfedern 15 vorgesehen. Diese sind als Schraubenfedern ausgebildet und können in üblicher Weise durch Ineinander- oder Hintereinander-Anordnen zweier Schraubenfedern mit verschiedener Kennlinie und verschiedener Länge, gegebenenfalls durch Zwischenschalten eines Blockertopfes, in bevorzugter Weise eine nichtlineare oder progressive Gesamtkennlinie haben. Die Oberseite jeder Feder 15 ist mit einer Tragplatte 16 versehen, die über einen daran befestigten Gleitbelag 17 die Unterseite des Wagenaufbaues 14 trägt.The axle bearings (not shown) for the stub axles 10 are supported on the top 13 of the recess 9 by rubber plates and can therefore perform slight vertical and pivoting movements relative to the frame 5 if the frame twists as a result of unevenness in the track. Four suspension springs 15 are provided on each bogie in order to cushion the car structure 14, which is only indicated. These are designed as helical springs and can preferably have a non-linear or progressive overall characteristic curve in the usual manner by arranging two helical springs with different characteristics and different lengths, one inside the other or one behind the other, if necessary by interposing a blocker pot. The top of each spring 15 is provided with a support plate 16 which carries the underside of the carriage structure 14 via a sliding coating 17 attached to it.

Bei der Ausführungsform des Drehgestells nach den Figuren 4 und 5 sind zur Führung der Federn 15 nur angedeutete Bolzen 18 vorgesehen, die am Boden der Ausnehmungen 12 befestigt sind und nach oben ragen.In the embodiment of the bogie according to FIGS. 4 and 5, only indicated bolts 18 are provided for guiding the springs 15, which are fastened to the bottom of the recesses 12 and project upwards.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Figur 3 ist an Stelle der beiden Fortsätze 4 mindestens an einem Ende des Hauptquerträgers 1 ein doppelarmiger Hebel 4' vorgesehen, welcher mit dem Tragteil 2 gelenkig verbunden ist bzw. auf diesem um eine in der Längsmittelebene des Hauptquerträgers 1 gelegene Längsachse 2'schwenkbar gelagert ist. Auf den Enden dieser Hebel 4' sind über Silent Blocks die Längsteile 8 der Querteile 7 schwenkbar gelagert.In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, instead of the two extensions 4, a double-armed lever 4 'is provided at least at one end of the main cross member 1, which is articulated to the support part 2 or on the latter about a longitudinal axis 2 located in the longitudinal center plane of the main cross member 1 'is pivotally mounted. On the ends of these levers 4 ', the longitudinal parts 8 of the transverse parts 7 are pivotally mounted via silent blocks.

Bei der Ausführungsform des Drehgestells nach den Figuren 4 und 5 sind die Federn 15 an ihrer Unterseite mit je einer Tragplatte bzw. einem Widerlager 19 versehen, welche ihrerseits auf dem freien Ende eines Stützhebels 20 aufliegt. Das Ende dieses Stützhebels ist gegabelt und umfasst den Bolzen 18. Wie in Figur 4 des weiteren zu erkennen ist, haben die Enden der Stützhebel 20 gewölbte Oberseiten 21, so dass sie sich bei ihren Schwenkbewegungen an der Unterseite der Tragplatte 19 ohne jede Reibung abwälzen können.In the embodiment of the bogie according to FIGS. 4 and 5, the springs 15 are each provided on their underside with a support plate or an abutment 19 which in turn rests on the free end of a support lever 20. The end of this support lever is forked and embraced the bolt 18. As can also be seen in FIG. 4, the ends of the support levers 20 have curved tops 21 so that they can roll on the underside of the support plate 19 during their pivoting movements without any friction.

Die Stützhebel 20 sind an je einer kurzen Welle 22 befestigt, die in den beiden Wänden der topfartigen Ausnehmung 12 drehbar gelagert sind. Die zu beiden Seiten jedes H-förmigen Rahmens 5 angebrachten Wellen haben eine gemeinsame horizontale Achse 22', welche in einer mittleren Vertikalebene des Trägers 7 verläuft, die zu den Achsen der beiden Radsätze 11 des H-förmigen Rahmens 5 vorzugsweise gleichen Abstand hat (vgl. insbes. Figur 4 links). Ein Ende jeder Welle 22 ist über die Aussenwand des Längsteiles 8 hinaus verlängert und trägt dort einen Ausgleichshebel 23. Die beiden an der gleichen Drehgestellseite befindlichen Ausgleichshebel 23 sind in der Zeichnung nach oben hin zueinander geneigt angeordnet und durch eine Ausgleichsvorrichtung miteinander gekoppelt. Sie können aber auch vorzugsweise lotrecht und parallel zueinander angeordnet sein.The support levers 20 are each attached to a short shaft 22, which is rotatably mounted in the two walls of the pot-like recess 12. The shafts attached to both sides of each H-shaped frame 5 have a common horizontal axis 22 ', which runs in a central vertical plane of the carrier 7, which preferably has the same distance from the axes of the two wheel sets 11 of the H-shaped frame 5 (cf. especially Figure 4 left). One end of each shaft 22 is extended beyond the outer wall of the longitudinal part 8 and carries a compensating lever 23 there. The two compensating levers 23 located on the same bogie side are inclined towards one another in the drawing and are coupled to one another by a compensating device. However, they can also preferably be arranged perpendicularly and parallel to one another.

Beim gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel besteht diese Ausgleichsvorrichtung aus je einer Zugstange 24, welche mit ihren Enden an die Ausgleichshebel 23 über Bolzen 25 gelenkig angeschlossen ist. Jeweils zwischen den Zugstangen 24 oder einen der beiden Ausgleichshebel 23 und die Seitenwandung des Drehgestells kann ein Schwingungsdämpfer gelegt sein; vorteilhafterweise werden diese Schwingungsdämpfer, im wesentlichen horizontal liegend, jeweils zwischen den Zugstangen 24 und den Enden des Haupt-Querträgers 1 angelenkt.In the exemplary embodiment shown, this compensating device consists of a pull rod 24, which is connected at its ends to the compensating lever 23 in an articulated manner via bolts 25. A vibration damper can be placed between the tie rods 24 or one of the two compensating levers 23 and the side wall of the bogie; Advantageously, these vibration dampers, lying essentially horizontally, are each articulated between the tie rods 24 and the ends of the main cross member 1.

Selbstverständlich kann im Rahmen der Erfindung an Stelle der Zugstange 24, wie Figur 6 zeigt, eine Druckstange 24' treten. Zu diesem Zwecke sind die Tragfedern 15 nicht wie in den Figuren 4 und 5 dargestellt, zwischen dem Hebel 23 und dem äusseren, sondern wie Figur 6 zeigt, dem benachbarten inneren Radsatz 11 angeordnet, wobei die Hebel 23 nach oben auseinander laufen können. Durch diese Konstruktion wird der Abstand zwischen Drehzapfen und Gleitplatte geringer, wodurch die Rückstellkraft in der Gleitplattenabstützung herabgesetzt wird.Of course, a push rod 24 'can take the place of the pull rod 24, as shown in FIG. 6, within the scope of the invention. For this purpose, the suspension springs 15 are not arranged as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, between the lever 23 and the outer one, but as shown in FIG. 6, the adjacent inner wheel set 11, the levers 23 being able to diverge upwards. This construction reduces the distance between the pivot pin and the slide plate, which reduces the restoring force in the slide plate support.

Die Wirkungsweise der beschriebenen Ausgleichsvorrichtung wird im folgenden an Hand der Figuren 7 und 8 erläutert.The operation of the compensation device described is explained below with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

Gemäss Figur 7 haben zwei Achsen des Drehgestells den Beginn (Punkt A) einer Rampe B bereits überfahren (Fahrtrichtung Pfeil B). Dadurch haben sich die beiden Achsen des in Figur 7 rechten H-förmigen Rahmens um die Beträge a1 und a2 gehoben. Damit heben sich aber auch die Berührungsstellen zwischen den Stützhebeln 20 und den Tragplatten 19 der Federn 15' dieses Rahmens an, d.h. die beiden vorderen Federn 15' dieses Rahmens müssten stärker zusammengedrückt werden. Die Kraft, mit der diese Federn auf ihre Stützhebel 20 drücken, wird grösser. An den Kräfteverhältnissen bei den anderen Federn 15" (Figur 6 links) hat sich aber noch nichts geändert. Weil daher auf die Stützhebel 20 der Federn 15' eine grössere Kraft als auf die Stützhebel der anderen Federn 15" wirkt, werden sich beide Stützhebelpaare, verbunden durch die Zugstangen 24, im Uhrzeigersinne so weit verschwenken, bis alle vier Federn der beiden H-förmigen Rahmen mit gleicher Kraft auf ihre Stützhebel einwirken. Durch die Anordnung der Achsen der Wellen 22 vorzugsweise in der Mitte zwischen den Radsätzen 11 jedes H-Rahmens 5 werden beide Radsätze gleich stark belastet.According to FIG. 7, two axles of the bogie have already passed the start (point A) of a ramp B (direction of travel arrow B). As a result, the two axes of the H-shaped frame on the right in FIG. 7 have been raised by the amounts a 1 and a 2 . But this also raises the points of contact between the support levers 20 and the support plates 19 of the springs 15 'of this frame, ie the two front springs 15' of this frame would have to be compressed more. The force with which these springs press on their support levers 20 increases. Nothing has yet changed in the force relationships of the other springs 15 "(FIG. 6 left). Because therefore a greater force acts on the support levers 20 of the springs 15 'than on the support levers of the other springs 15", both pairs of support levers connected by the tie rods 24, pivot clockwise until all four springs of the two H-shaped frames act on their support levers with the same force. The arrangement of the axes of the shafts 22, preferably in the middle between the wheel sets 11 of each H-frame 5, places the same load on both wheel sets.

In Figur 8 ist jene Stellung des Drehgestells gezeigt, in welcher sich die erste Achse des Drehgestells um den Betrag a3 gehoben und seine letzte Achse den Beginn A der Rampe B gerade erreicht hat. Es ist gut zu erkennen, dass sich, weil auch der linke H-Rahmen angehoben ist, dieAusgleichshebel 23 noch etwas weiter im Uhrzeigersinn verschwenkt haben. Es ist aber auch zu sehen, dass die Längen der Federn 15' und 15" einander gleich geblieben sind. Die beim Auffahren auf die Rampe B eingetretene Neigung des Tragteils 2 gegenüber der Horizontalen (vgl. den Verlauf der Geraden zwischen den Achsen 6 in Figur 7) und damit die Schrägstellung des Hauptquerträgers 1 gegenüber dem im wesentlichen vertikal bleibenden Tauchzapfen wird durch die eingangs beschriebene kugelgelenksartige Halterung der den Tauchzapfen aufnehmenden Hülse in der Ausnehmung 3 ausgeglichen.FIG. 8 shows that position of the bogie in which the first axis of the bogie has increased by the amount a 3 and its last axis has just reached the start A of ramp B. It can be clearly seen that, because the left H-frame is also raised, the compensating levers 23 have pivoted a little further clockwise. However, it can also be seen that the lengths of the springs 15 'and 15 "have remained the same. The inclination of the support part 2 with respect to the horizontal when the ramp B is approached (cf. the course of the straight line between the axes 6 in FIG 7) and thus the inclination of the main cross member 1 with respect to the essentially vertical plunger is compensated for by the above-described ball-and-socket mounting of the sleeve receiving the plunger in the recess 3.

Anstelle der Zug- bzw. Druckstange 24 kann auch eine hydraulische Ausgleichsvorrichtung vorgesehen werden. Dabei ist jeder Ausgleichshebel über einen vorzugsweise auf Druck beanspruchten Lenker mit der Stange eines Kolbens verbunden, der sich in einem im wesentlichen horizontalen, am H-förmigen Träger befestigten Zylinder verschieben kann. Die Zylinder sind einerends verschlossen und mit einer Flüssigkeit (Hydrauliköl u. dgl.) gefüllt. Die zwei Zylinder jeder Drehgestellseite sind durch eine druckfeste Leitung miteinander verbunden.Instead of the pull or push rod 24, a hydraulic compensation device can also be provided. Each compensating lever is connected to the rod of a piston via a link, which is preferably subjected to pressure, which can move in a substantially horizontal cylinder attached to the H-shaped support. The cylinders are closed at one end and filled with a liquid (hydraulic oil and the like). The two cylinders on each side of the bogie are connected by a pressure-resistant line.

Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, die Tragplatte 19 als Kolben eines Zylinders auszubilden und beide einander quer zur Fahrtrichtung gelegenen Zylinderpaare mit einer Öldruckleitung zu verbinden, wobei die mechanische Ausgleichsvorrichtung entfällt.There is also the possibility of designing the support plate 19 as a piston of a cylinder and of connecting both pairs of cylinders lying at right angles to the direction of travel with an oil pressure line, the mechanical compensation device being dispensed with.

Die Wirkungsweise dieser hydraulischen Ausgleichsvorrichtungen ist jener der mechanischen Ausgleichsvorrichtungen - mit Zugstange - gleich.The operation of these hydraulic balancing devices is the same as that of the mechanical balancing devices - with tie rod.

In der die beiden Zylinder verbindenden Druckleitung kann eine Drosselstelle, etwa in Form eines Ventils, vorgesehen sein, um Schwingungen, die bei schlechten Gleisen auftreten können, zu dämpfen.A throttling point, for example in the form of a valve, can be provided in the pressure line connecting the two cylinders in order to dampen vibrations which can occur on poor tracks.

Claims (9)

1. A four-axle bogie for low-platform vehicles, comprising two H-shaped frames (5), each of which carries two wheel-and-axle sets (11) and which are articulatedly connected to a main carrier (1), which constitutes a crossbeam (2) and receives the swivel bearing (3) of the bogie, characterized in that the superstructure of the vehicle is mounted on the crossbeam (2) by means of a depending pin, which is rigidly secured to the superstructure that each of these ends of the side members (8) of the H-shaped frames (5) which face the crossbeam (2) is pivoted to the crossbeam (2) on a horizontal axis (6) directly or with an interposed two-armed lever (4), and that the superstructure of the vehicle is secured to each side member (8) by means of a carrying spring (15).
2. A bogie according to claim 1, characterized in that the abutments (19) for the carrying springs (15) which are arranged one behind the other in the direction of travel are connected by a compensating means consisting, e.g., of a tie rod or strut rod (24,24').
3. A bogie according to claim 2, characterized in that the abutments (19) consist in known manner of pistons of hydraulic cylinders, which are interconnected by a compensating line.
4. A bogie according to claim 1, characterized in that a supporting lever, which constitues an abutment (20) for a carrying spring (15) and is pivoted on a horizontal axis (22') is secured to each side member (8) of the H-shaped frames (5) and the supporting levers (20) on each longitudinal side of the bogie are connected by compensating means.
5. A bogie according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the bearing (3) for the depending pin consists of a ball-type universal joint.
6. A bogie according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the H-shaped frames (5) are soft in torsion and are yieldably supported on the axle bearings for the wheel-and-axle sets (11), e.g., with interposed rubber plates or the like.
7. A bogie according to claim 4, characterized in that each supporting lever (20) is secured to a shaft (22), which extends parallel to the wheel-and-axle sets (11), that a compensating lever (23) is mounted on each shaft (22) and that the compensating levers (23) on each longitudinal side of the bogie are coupled by the compensating rod (24, 24').
8. A bogie according to claim 2, characterized in that a vibration damper is disposed between the tie rod or strut (24, 24') and the bogie.
9. A bogie according to claim 7, characterized in that each compensating lever (23) is connected to a piston, which is slidable in a cylinder that is secured to the frame of the bogie, and that the cylinders on each longitudinal side of the bogie are interconnected by a pressure line.
EP81890136A 1980-08-14 1981-08-06 Four-axle bogie for a low-platform railway truck Expired EP0046457B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT4189/80 1980-08-14
AT0418980A AT368962B (en) 1980-08-14 1980-08-14 Four-axis bogie for low-floor vehicles

Publications (2)

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EP0046457A1 EP0046457A1 (en) 1982-02-24
EP0046457B1 true EP0046457B1 (en) 1984-05-09

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EP (1) EP0046457B1 (en)
AT (1) AT368962B (en)
DD (1) DD201571A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3163502D1 (en)
DK (1) DK359781A (en)
ES (1) ES504445A0 (en)
GR (1) GR75748B (en)
NO (1) NO150351C (en)
YU (1) YU42580B (en)

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DE3103538C2 (en) * 1981-02-03 1983-11-24 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Rail vehicle for heavy loads, especially for metallurgical vessels
AT381051B (en) * 1985-01-14 1986-08-25 Voest Alpine Ag TRANSPORT TROLLEY FOR METALLURGICAL VESSELS
AT394980B (en) * 1988-03-30 1992-08-10 Sgp Verkehrstechnik Four-axis bogie for rail vehicles
AT412716B (en) * 2003-02-03 2005-06-27 Klaus Dr Riessberger COUPLING DEVICE FOR CONNECTING TWO TEACHING SPACES
AT502306A1 (en) 2005-07-13 2007-02-15 Evoinvent Ag DRIVE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
JP5855525B2 (en) * 2012-05-01 2016-02-09 川崎重工業株式会社 Railcar bogie
CN104670260A (en) * 2015-03-06 2015-06-03 重庆恒通客车有限公司 Three-axle non-power steering frame of tramcar based on 100% of low floors
CN106632007B (en) * 2016-12-15 2019-12-31 三峡大学 Pyridine-3-radical aryloxy phenoxy alkyl acid ester compound and application thereof

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DE439045C (en) * 1922-08-25 1927-01-04 Fried Krupp Akt Ges Underframe for railroad cars
DE666912C (en) * 1936-11-11 1938-10-31 Talbot Waggonfab Suspension for rail vehicles
SE325289B (en) * 1966-04-05 1970-06-29 Muotka R
AT300024B (en) * 1969-05-27 1972-07-10 Simmering Graz Pauker Ag Frame for a three- or multi-axle drive of a rail vehicle
CH522527A (en) * 1969-06-14 1972-06-30 Rheinstahl Siegener Eisenbahnb Four-axis drive
CH560620A5 (en) * 1973-01-09 1975-04-15 Schweizerische Lokomotiv
DE2317562A1 (en) * 1973-04-07 1974-10-24 Krupp Gmbh CHASSIS, IN PARTICULAR RAIL SWIVEL, WITH FOUR WHEELS

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GR75748B (en) 1984-08-02
DK359781A (en) 1982-02-15
NO150351B (en) 1984-06-25
ES8204355A1 (en) 1982-05-01
YU42580B (en) 1988-10-31
ES504445A0 (en) 1982-05-01
YU197481A (en) 1983-12-31
DD201571A5 (en) 1983-07-27
DE3163502D1 (en) 1984-06-14
EP0046457A1 (en) 1982-02-24
NO812752L (en) 1982-02-15
AT368962B (en) 1982-11-25
NO150351C (en) 1984-10-03
ATA418980A (en) 1982-04-15

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